CN109759686A - A kind of resistance spot welding method under controllable rotating magnetic fields - Google Patents
A kind of resistance spot welding method under controllable rotating magnetic fields Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of resistance spot welding method under controllable rotating magnetic fields, belongs to welding technology field.The present invention solves the problem of resistance spot welding Joint Strength is low, and the defect and magnetic control resistance spot welding magnetic direction of organizational coarseness are not parallel to workpiece, and the stirring action of the Lorentz force generated under magnetic fields is dependent on conduction electric current.Specific steps are as follows: welding workpiece clamping is fixed；Adjust resistance welder welding parameter；When welding system is opened, field generator for magnetic is opened, sets the frequency of excitation three-phase alternating current, intensity, phase；It checks baric systerm, determines welding position；Start field generator for magnetic, sends a signal to welding system；Welding system monitors the signal of magnetic field monitoring system；Start welding system, is welded；Welding process terminates, and electrode tip lifts, and closes field generator for magnetic.The present invention can be used for industrial circle sheet metal resistance spot welding, and postwelding connector nugget area Grain Refinement Effect is obvious, and tensile strength gets a promotion, and welding quality improves.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of resistance spot welding, and in particular to the resistance spot welding under a kind of controllable rotating magnetic fields
Method belongs to welding technology field.
Background technique
Resistance spot welding is a kind of traditional welding method for being largely used to vehicle structure welding, but actual resistance welds welding process
In, there is a problem of following:
1) welding region is small, and nugget region cooling velocity is fast, coarse grains,
2) there are biggish internal stress, cause joint mechanical property relatively poor.
More than solving the problems, such as, by the inspiration of Electro-Magnetic Metallurgy, the electromagnetic agitation principle in metallurgical industry is extended to
It is possible to be stirred the nugget region of joint for resistance spot welding during resistance spot welding.Meanwhile by motor stator sub-line
Salient pole formula or multitudinous pole formula winding can produce the inspiration of the principle of rotating excitation field on circle, and stator coils of motor winding is generated
Rotating excitation field is applied in resistance spot welding process, using the inhomogeneities and asynchronism in solder joint process of setting, first solidifies
Dendrite or forming core and rotating excitation field generate relative motion, and then induced current is generated inside solder joint, and induced current is rotated again
Magnetic fields generate and magnetic field rotation direction electromagnetic force in the same direction according to left hand rule.First work of the solidification dendrite in this electromagnetic force
Relative motion is generated to be stirred with solder joint interior metal liquid with lower, is crushed dendrite to a certain extent, is kept solidified structure uniform,
To the better joint for resistance spot welding of forming properties, so that connector tensile strength is improved, microstructure is obtained
Improve.Meanwhile the direction of rotation of salient pole formula or the rotating excitation field of multitudinous pole formula winding generation, speed and magnetic field strength difference
By being passed through the phase of the three-phase alternating current of winding, frequency and size are determined, therefore the forms of motion in magnetic field can artificially be regulated and controled.
Shen Qi, Zhang Zhongdian et al. study high-strength steel magnetic control resistance spot welding mechanism, have inquired into external magnetic field most
Excellent application direction and distribution pattern, and built magnetic control resistance spot welding prototype experiment platform；Discovery externally-applied magnetic field is probed into be parallel to
Lorentz force will be generated when the plane of welded piece to nugget region magnetic fluid, and then generates function composite by electromagnetic stirring.But paper
It is middle to select the device for generating magnetic field that there is certain limitation:
1) selecting magnetic field device is permanent magnet, and magnetic field strength and direction do not change；
2) generation of Lorentz force is dependent on conduction electric current, in the process of setting after galvanization terminates, magnetic field pair
The effect of nugget liquid metal is little.
Chinese invention patent " a kind of magnetic control resistance spot welding method and device ", ZL2011102095407 is proposed outside one kind
Portion magnetic field and welding current can assist control, effectively improve joint for resistance spot welding comprehensive mechanical performance, and magnetic control electricity applied widely
Hinder spot welding method and device.Magnetizing coil by being located at electrode tip or more generates alternating magnetic field, and magnetizing coil is with iron core
Solenoid coil.The magnetizing coil polarity arranged is generated by upper lower coil on the contrary, magnetic direction is parallel to workpiece direction
Alternating magnetic field butt welding point fusing metal be stirred effect, cause nugget stirring principle it is identical as permanent magnet, improvement makes
Magnetic field strength is adjustable, while reducing the interference of frock clamp, but still has following limitation:
1) stirring action of the Lorentz force generated under magnetic fields, which depends on, conducts electric current, after energization welding process
Nugget solidification stages magnetic fields under stirring action very little；
2) motor pattern in magnetic field is single, radial tiling and workpiece surface, magnetic field is non-rotatable, the size of rotation,
Direction, frequency can not regulate and control.
Therefore, the magnetic field that magnetic direction is parallel to workpiece surface how is generated, while independent of in resistance spot welding process
Conduction electric current, while magnetic field strength, direction, size can artificially be adjusted, and already become what welding field was urgently broken through
Technical bottleneck.
Summary of the invention
It has been given below about brief overview of the invention, in order to provide about the basic of certain aspects of the invention
Understand.It should be appreciated that this summary is not an exhaustive overview of the invention.It is not intended to determine pass of the invention
Key or pith, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention.Its purpose only provides certain concepts in simplified form,
Taking this as a prelude to a more detailed description discussed later.
In consideration of it, the present invention is low in order to solve resistance spot welding Joint Strength, defect and the magnetoresistor point of organizational coarseness
Weldering magnetic direction is not parallel to workpiece, stirring action the asking dependent on conduction electric current of the Lorentz force generated under magnetic fields
Topic, and then devise the resistance spot welding method under a kind of controllable rotating magnetic fields generates speed, strong by three-phase alternating current
The controllable rotating excitation field in degree, direction and then the connector for acting on resistance spot welding process.
Scheme adopted by the present invention are as follows: the resistance spot welding method under a kind of controllable rotating magnetic fields, specific steps are as follows:
Step 1: carrying out clamping to welded workpiece using welding tool setup and fix, and realizes that butt welding point position is determined
, welding current self-electrode end face is by flowing longitudinally through welding workpiece in welding process；
Step 2: adjustment resistance welder welding parameter presets welding current, weld interval, starting cooling water circulation；
Step 3: when welding system is opened, opening field generator for magnetic, sets the frequency, strong of excitation three-phase alternating current
Degree, phase, by being passed through three-phase alternating current to the stator coil for being wound with three-phase windings, and then generate rotary magnetic around solder joint
, the distribution and motion conditions in magnetic field are checked in analog mode；
Step 4: checking baric systerm, presets welding atmospheric pressure, and pressure testing eliminates error, determines welding position；
Step 5: whether starting field generator for magnetic, magnetic field sensing system monitoring electrode head region have magnetic field generation, if
It is then to send digital signaling zero 1 to welding system, if it has not, then sending signal 10 to welding system；
Step 6: the signal of welding system monitoring magnetic field monitoring system then allows electrode tip to be powered if 01, if 10,
It is back to step 3 field generator for magnetic adjusting parameter；
Step 7: starting welding system is welded, is pressurized at workpiece solder joint, and conduction electric current generates resistance at solder joint
Heat makes metal molten at solder joint, and the rotating excitation field and molten metal acted at solder joint at this time generates relative motion, liquid metal grain
Son is used as continuous electric conductor, and then, the magnetic flux of rotating excitation field cuts molten metal, to generate induction electric in molten metal
Gesture generates electric current under the action of electromotive force in molten metal, the electric current and rotating excitation field interact, so that electromagnetic force is generated,
It drives molten metal at solder joint to do circumferential rotary motion, generates the effect of electromagnetic agitation, while rotating excitation field and conduction electricity
Stream interaction generates Lorentz force in molten metal, the molten metal in nugget region quilt under Lorentz force effect in welding process
Stirring；
Step 8: electrode tip lifts, and removes conduction electric current, is powered after the completion of welding, rotating excitation field continuingly acts on metal
The all stage of liquid process of setting, effect of the dendrite first solidified by rotating excitation field still occur under the action of electromagnetic force
The metal liquid solidification process of relative motion, nugget region carries out final stirring under magnetic field force effect, after welding, closes
Field generator for magnetic.
Wherein, the application of rotating excitation field can not only apply in resistance spot weld energization welding process, but also can weld
After act on spot area when carrying out pressure maintaining to workpiece, not only adjustable magnetic field strength, but also adjustable rotating excitation field
Speed, direction have biggish freedom.
Further: 2~3 elimination errors of pressure testing in step 4.Ensure the accuracy of welding position.
Further: the thickness of welding workpiece should be between 0.5~8.0mm.Welding material is applicable to industrial circle
The welding of sheet metal is applicable to automobile high-strength steel spot welding, the welding of same metal and the welding of dissimilar metal.
Further: welding current 0.4KA~2.5KA, electrode pressure 0.1MPa -0.6MPa, weld interval 5cyc~
30cyc。
Further: rotation speed, intensity and the direction of rotating excitation field by the control frequency of three-phase alternating current, intensity and
Phase is controlled.
Present invention effect achieved are as follows:
The present invention is undesirable for traditional resistor pinpoint welding procedure quality of welding spot, existing for existing magnetic control resistance spot welding method
Defect devises the resistance spot welding method that the rotating excitation field under three alternating currents drivings of one kind acts on resistance spot welding process,
Improve joints morphology and mechanical property by the stirring action that rotating excitation field butt welding core region melts metal.
Firstly, the present invention combines the stator coil on motor with resistance spot weld, by being wound with three-phase windings
Stator coil be passed through three-phase alternating current, and then rotating excitation field is generated around solder joint, it is the rotation speed of rotating excitation field, strong
Degree, direction of rotation can be changed by changing frequency, intensity, the phase of three-phase alternating current.
Secondly, when welding process starts, be pressurized at workpiece solder joint, by conduction electric current resistance heat is generated at solder joint
Make metal molten at solder joint, the rotating excitation field and molten metal acted at solder joint at this time generates relative motion, liquid metal particle
It can be regarded as continuous electric conductor.
Next, the magnetic flux of rotating excitation field cuts molten metal (electric conductor), to generate induced electromotive force in molten metal.
The direction of electromotive force is determined by the right-hand rule.
Again, under the action of electromotive force, electric current is generated in molten metal.The electric current and rotating excitation field interact, thus
Electromagnetic force is generated, drives molten metal at solder joint to do circumferential rotary motion, generates the effect of electromagnetic agitation.Rotary magnetic simultaneously
Field generates Lorentz force with conduction Interaction Law of Electric Current in molten metal, and after being superimposed with electromagnetic force, mixing effect is more significant.
Finally, removing conduction electric current, rotating excitation field continuingly acts on the entire of metal liquid solidification process after welding terminates
Relative motion still occurs under the action of electromagnetic force for stage, effect of the dendrite first solidified by rotating excitation field.Therefore, it revolves
Dendrite can be effectively crushed in process of setting by turning magnetic field, so that crystal grain refinement, heat transfer is uniform, the plasticity of solder joint, toughness
It all increased with intensity.
Specifically, the present invention has the advantage that
1. magnetic field is oriented parallel to workpiece to be welded, magnetic fields significant effect；
2. magnetic direction is constantly rotationally-varying, magnetic field is magnetic field force and Lorentz force to the stirring action effect of molten metal
Superposition, function and effect are more significant；
3. magnetic direction is constantly rotationally-varying, spontaneous to generate relative motion, the mode of action with nugget zone melting metal
Independent of the conduction electric current in welding process, in welding process and welding terminate after can butt welding point have an impact；
4. the speed and magnetic field strength in magnetic field can be adjusted by adjusting the frequency, intensity and phase of three-phase current
Welding process that is whole, being adaptable in a variety of situations.
5. postwelding connector nugget area's crystal grain refinement is made present invention is particularly suitable for industrial circle sheet metal resistance spot welding
With obvious, tensile strength gets a promotion, and welding quality improves.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is rotating excitation field resistance spot welding schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is rotating excitation field production principle figure.
In figure: 1- spot-wedling electrode；2- magnet exciting coil；3- sheet metal；4- magnetic induction line direction.
Specific embodiment
For clarity and conciseness, all features of actual implementation mode are not described in the description.However, should
Understand, much decisions specific to embodiment must be made, during developing any this practical embodiments so as to reality
The objectives of existing developer, for example, meeting restrictive condition those of related to system and business, and these restrictive conditions
It may be changed with the difference of embodiment.In addition, it will also be appreciated that although development is likely to be very multiple
It is miscellaneous and time-consuming, but for the those skilled in the art for having benefited from the disclosure of invention, this development is only example
Capable task.
Here, also it should be noted is that, in order to avoid having obscured the present invention because of unnecessary details, applying for text
Illustrate only in part with closely related apparatus structure and/or processing step according to the solution of the present invention, and be omitted and this
The little other details of inventive relationship.
Embodiment: combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2, to the resistance spot welding method under a kind of controllable rotating magnetic fields of the present embodiment,
Further progress illustrates:
First: for different welding situations, it is solid that clamping being carried out to welded workpiece using different welding tool setups
It is fixed, fixture should ensure that can butt welding point position positioned, guarantee that welding current can be with self-electrode end face by indulging in welding process
To flowing through welding workpiece；
Secondly: adjustment resistance welder welding parameter presets welding current, weld interval, starting cooling water circulation；
Again: when welding system is opened, opening field generator for magnetic, the frequency of setting excitation three-phase alternating current, intensity,
Phase checks the distribution in magnetic field, motion conditions in analog mode；
Again: checking baric systerm, preset welding atmospheric pressure, 2~3 elimination errors of pressure testing determine welding position；
Again: whether starting field generator for magnetic, magnetic field sensing system monitoring electrode head region have magnetic field generation, if
It is then to send digital signaling zero 1 to welding system, if it has not, then sending signal 10 to welding system；
Again: the signal of welding system monitoring magnetic field monitoring system then allows electrode tip to be powered if 01, if 10, returns
It is back to field generator for magnetic adjusting parameter；
Again: starting welding system carries out welding process, and the molten metal in nugget region is in Lorentz masterpiece in welding process
It is stirred under；It is powered after the completion of welding, the metal liquid solidification process in nugget region carries out final stir under magnetic field force effect
It mixes；
Again: welding process terminates, and electrode tip lifts, and closes rotating magnetic field generator.
Wherein, the application time of rotating excitation field acts on entire welding process and solder joint metal solidification process.
Wherein, the magnetic field strength of rotating excitation field and speed can be adjusted according to actual needs.
Wherein, the thickness of welding workpiece should be between 0.5~8.0mm.
Wherein, on welding material, automobile high-strength steel spot welding, the welding of same metal and the weldering of dissimilar metal are applicable to
Termination process.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie
In the case where without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Benefit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims
Variation is included within the present invention.Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the involved claims.
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should
It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
The other embodiments being understood that.
Claims (4)
1. the resistance spot welding method under a kind of controllable rotating magnetic fields, which is characterized in that specific step is as follows:
Step 1: carrying out clamping to welded workpiece using welding tool setup and fix, and realizes that butt welding point position is positioned, welds
Welding current self-electrode end face is by flowing longitudinally through welding workpiece in termination process；
Step 2: adjustment resistance welder welding parameter presets welding current, weld interval, starting cooling water circulation；
Step 3: when welding system is opened, field generator for magnetic is opened, sets frequency, intensity, the phase of excitation three-phase alternating current
Position, by being passed through three-phase alternating current to the stator coil for being wound with three-phase windings, and then generates rotating excitation field around solder joint,
The distribution and motion conditions in magnetic field are checked under simulation model；
Step 4: checking baric systerm, presets welding atmospheric pressure, and pressure testing eliminates error, determines welding position；
Step 5: whether starting field generator for magnetic, magnetic field sensing system monitoring electrode head region have magnetic field generation, if it is,
Digital signaling zero 1 is then sent to welding system, if it has not, then sending signal 10 to welding system；
Step 6: the signal of welding system monitoring magnetic field monitoring system then allows electrode tip to be powered if 01, if 10, returns
To step 3 field generator for magnetic adjusting parameter；
Step 7: starting welding system is welded, is pressurized at workpiece solder joint, and conduction electric current generates resistance heat at solder joint to be made
Metal molten at solder joint, the rotating excitation field and molten metal acted at solder joint at this time generate relative motion, and liquid metal particle is made
For continuous electric conductor, then, the magnetic flux of rotating excitation field cuts molten metal, so that induced electromotive force is generated in molten metal,
Under the action of electromotive force, electric current is generated in molten metal, the electric current and rotating excitation field interact, to generate electromagnetic force, drive
Molten metal does circumferential rotary motion at solder joint, generates the effect of electromagnetic agitation, while rotating excitation field and conduction electric current phase
Interaction generates Lorentz force in molten metal, and the molten metal in nugget region is stirred under Lorentz force effect in welding process
It mixes；
Step 8: electrode tip lifts, and removes conduction electric current, is powered after the completion of welding, and it is solidifying that rotating excitation field continuingly acts on molten metal
Gu all stage of process, effect of the dendrite first solidified by rotating excitation field still occur opposite under the action of electromagnetic force
The metal liquid solidification process of movement, nugget region carries out final stirring under magnetic field force effect, after welding, closes magnetic field
Generating device.
2. the resistance spot welding method under a kind of controllable rotating magnetic fields according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
2~3 elimination errors of pressure testing in four.
3. the resistance spot welding method under a kind of controllable rotating magnetic fields according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: welding
The thickness of workpiece should be between 0.5~8.0mm.
4. the resistance spot welding method under a kind of controllable rotating magnetic fields according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: welding
Electric current 0.4KA~2.5KA, electrode pressure 0.1MPa~0.6MPa, weld interval 5cyc~30cyc.
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| CN112122758A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Ni element-regulated magnetic field-assisted resistance unit welding method for aluminum alloy and steel |
| CN113814504A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-12-21 | 广州德芯半导体科技有限公司 | Packaging method for non-high-temperature connection temperature sensor |
| CN113843488A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2021-12-28 | 上海交通大学 | Aluminum alloy and steel optimized welding method based on magnetic control resistance spot welding |
| CN115213535A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-10-21 | 上海交通大学 | Magnetic auxiliary multi-stage resistance spot welding connection method for light metal and steel |
| CN115213536A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-10-21 | 上海交通大学 | External magnetic field auxiliary resistance spot welding connection method |
| CN115213579A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-10-21 | 首钢集团有限公司 | Method and device for controlling salient points on surface of welding spots of coated steel plate |
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| CN110389168A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-10-29 | 电子科技大学 | It is a kind of that detection method is considered to be worth doing based on the engine metal of magnetic detecting principle and inductance method |
| CN110389168B (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2022-11-22 | 电子科技大学 | Engine metal scrap detection method based on magnetic detection principle and inductance method |
| CN113843488A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2021-12-28 | 上海交通大学 | Aluminum alloy and steel optimized welding method based on magnetic control resistance spot welding |
| CN113843488B (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2022-10-28 | 上海交通大学 | Aluminum alloy and steel optimized welding method based on magnetic control resistance spot welding |
| CN112122758A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Ni element-regulated magnetic field-assisted resistance unit welding method for aluminum alloy and steel |
| CN115213535A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-10-21 | 上海交通大学 | Magnetic auxiliary multi-stage resistance spot welding connection method for light metal and steel |
| CN115213536A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-10-21 | 上海交通大学 | External magnetic field auxiliary resistance spot welding connection method |
| CN115213535B (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2024-01-30 | 上海交通大学 | Magnetic-assisted multistage resistance spot welding connection method for light metal and steel |
| CN113814504A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-12-21 | 广州德芯半导体科技有限公司 | Packaging method for non-high-temperature connection temperature sensor |
| CN115213579A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-10-21 | 首钢集团有限公司 | Method and device for controlling salient points on surface of welding spots of coated steel plate |
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