CN115213535A - Magnetic auxiliary multi-stage resistance spot welding connection method for light metal and steel - Google Patents
Magnetic auxiliary multi-stage resistance spot welding connection method for light metal and steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN115213535A CN115213535A CN202110422320.6A CN202110422320A CN115213535A CN 115213535 A CN115213535 A CN 115213535A CN 202110422320 A CN202110422320 A CN 202110422320A CN 115213535 A CN115213535 A CN 115213535A
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010001497 Agitation Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/36—Auxiliary equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Welding (AREA)
Abstract
A magnetic-assisted multistage resistance spot welding connection method of light metal and steel comprises the following steps: the method comprises a preheating stage, a film breaking stage, a growing stage and a stirring stage, wherein an external magnetic field source mainly comprising a radial magnetic field is introduced on the basis of the traditional resistance spot welding process, and a cyclic tensile-compressive stress broken interface oxide film is generated on a light metal/steel interface through film breaking treatment of multi-pulse current. The broken oxide film is far away from the welding connection surface under the stirring driving of electromagnetic force. The invention does not need a pre-welding oxide film removing procedure, obviously improves the mechanical property of the joint and realizes the high-performance spot welding connection of the light metal/steel dissimilar materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology in the field of welding, in particular to a magnetic-assisted multi-stage resistance spot welding connection method for light metal and steel, which is suitable for resistance spot welding connection of a light metal/steel double-layer plate and a multi-layer plate and is also suitable for resistance spot welding connection of dissimilar materials of the double-layer plate or the multi-layer plate with a coating on the surface of the plate.
Background
Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) is the main method for connecting metal points under the current requirement of light weight of automobile bodies. However, the crystal structures of light metals and steel are different, and brittle Intermetallic compounds (IMCs) are easily generated at the interface when the two metals are spot-welded. The IMC has few independent slippage systems, poor deformation coordination capability and easy accumulation of dislocation. When the joint is loaded, if the IMC is thick, cracks tend to initiate in the IMC layer, resulting in brittle fracture of the joint; the light metal surface has multiple layers of water-containing discontinuous oxide films, the melting point is high, the heat conduction is poor, the oxide films on the light metal/steel joint surface can cause the defects of slag inclusion, air holes and the like in a light metal side nugget in the welding process, in addition, the oxide films on the light metal surface have extremely high resistivity, the interface is easy to generate heat rapidly in the electrifying process, the interface splash is caused, and the process stability and the joint performance are seriously influenced. In the actual production process, manufacturers usually adopt a mechanical grinding or chemical washing method before welding to remove the oxide film on the surface of the light metal so as to eliminate the influence of the oxide film on the welding spot performance, but the method is difficult to meet the requirements of large-scale, fast-paced, low-cost and green production.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a magnetic-assisted multistage resistance spot welding connection method for light metal and steel, which introduces an external magnetic field source mainly comprising a radial magnetic field on the basis of the traditional resistance spot welding process, and the external magnetic field source and welding current interact to generate electromagnetic force. The oxide film of the light metal/steel interface is broken under the action of cyclic tension-compression stress generated by multi-pulse current; the broken oxide film is driven by electromagnetic stirring to be far away from the welding connection surface. The invention does not need a pre-welding oxide film removing procedure, can obviously improve the mechanical property of the joint and realize high-performance spot welding connection of light metal/steel dissimilar materials.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a magnetic auxiliary multistage resistance spot welding connection method for light metal and steel, which comprises the following steps: preheating stage, film breaking stage, growing up stage and stirring stage, wherein: in the preheating stage, a good contact is formed between the plate/electrode interface and the plate/plate interface through preheating current; in the film breaking stage, the plate is circularly heated/cooled by multi-pulse current, so that the light metal/steel interface oxide film is broken under the combined action of cyclic tension-compression stress generated by thermal cycle and electrode force; in the growth stage, the heat input power of a light metal/steel interface is regulated through multi-pulse current, the excessively fast growth and the generation of splashing of the IMC (intrinsic mode center) of the interface are inhibited, and the growth of a nugget on the side of the light metal along the diameter direction and the thickness direction is promoted; and in the stirring stage, electromagnetic force is generated through interaction of at least one pulse current and an external magnetic field source, oxide film fragments are dispersed and distributed in the nugget under the stirring action of the electromagnetic force, and meanwhile, high-temperature metal fluid flows at a high speed under the stirring action, so that diffusion of iron elements to the light metal side is accelerated, the nugget strength is increased, the iron atom concentration of a light metal/steel interface is reduced, and the growth rate of IMC is slowed down.
The electrode force, i.e. the force exerted by the welding gun on the sheet material, is preferably 1-10kN.
The preheating current, i.e. the current applied to the sheet by the welding controller, is preferably 1kA to 20kA.
The duration of the preheating current can be adjusted to be zero by increasing the time or the number of the pulse current in the film breaking stage.
In the film breaking stage, the multi-pulse current amplitude and the duty ratio are adjusted, and the solid plate is broken by applying the cyclic expansion/contraction stress of the solid plate greater than the tensile strength of the oxide film, namely the plate/plate interface temperature T C Satisfy the requirement of
Wherein: sigma b The tensile strength of the oxide film on the surface of the light metal, alpha (T) is the relationship that the thermal expansion coefficient of the light metal changes with the temperature, E (T) is the relationship that the Young modulus of the light metal changes with the temperature, and T is 0 Is ambient temperature.
In the growth stage, the nugget diameter is adjusted to reach the target value by adjusting the amplitude and duty ratio of multi-pulse current
And simultaneously controlling the phenomenon of no splashing, wherein: t is the thickness of the light metal plate.
In the growth stage, if the nugget thickness h satisfies 0.45t < -h < -0.65t, the electromagnetic force in the stirring stage can be generated by interaction of an induction magnetic field or an external magnetic field and current, wherein: t is the thickness of the light metal plate.
The pulse shape of the multi-pulse current is in a square wave form, a slope form or a combination form of the current waveforms.
The duty ratio of the multi-pulse current is preferably 50% -100%.
The stirring phase is continued until the splash is generated and then is stopped.
The external magnetic field source preferentially acts on the stirring stage.
Technical effects
The invention solves the problems of the prior light metal/steel resistance spot welding, such as the excessively thick IMC layer, the defect of a light metal side nugget interface, interface splashing and the like, introduces an external magnetic field source with a radial magnetic field as a main part, and carries out shape regulation and control on a joint through four stages of preheating, film breaking, growing and stirring to generate circular tensile-compressive stress at a light metal/steel interface to break an interface oxide; the heat input power is adjusted by utilizing the multi-pulse current in the growth stage, the growth rate of IMC is controlled, meanwhile, the phenomenon that the light metal side nugget grows too fast due to overlarge heat input power is avoided, the generation of splashing in the nugget growth process is prevented, and the growth of the nugget in the diameter direction and the thickness direction is promoted; the dispersion distribution of oxide film fragments in the light metal side nuggets is realized by utilizing the electromagnetic force in the stirring stage, the diffusion of iron atoms to the light metal side nuggets is accelerated, the nuggets are strengthened, the iron atom concentration of a light metal/steel interface is reduced, the growth rate of IMC is slowed down, and the joint quality is greatly improved. Compared with the traditional spot welding process, the invention solves the problem of quality of welding spots caused by interface oxide films in light metal/steel welding, and provides an enabling technology for large-batch, fast-beat, low-cost and green production of mixed material vehicle bodies.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the light metal side nugget growth and the oxide film defect distribution.
In the figure: 1 light metal plate, 2 steel plate, 3 interface continuous oxidation film, 4 oxidation film fragments, 5 light metal side nuggets and 6 intermediate reaction compounds (IMC);
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a welding process according to example 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a welding process of embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In this example, the aluminum plate to be joined was 1.2mm 5754-O, and the steel plate to be joined was 2.0mm low-carbon steel.
The embodiment specifically comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 3, a radial magnetic field is applied at the sheet level by the permanent magnet, and specifically includes four stages of multi-pulse current. In the preheating stage, the current is 6kA, and the time is 40ms; a film breaking stage, comprising 10 pulse currents, wherein the current is 7kA, and the heating time and the cooling time are respectively 40ms and 25ms; a growth stage, comprising 6 pulse currents, wherein the current is 13kA, and the heating time and the cooling time are respectively 80ms and 15ms; the stirring phase comprises 4 pulse currents with a current magnitude of 14.5kA and heating and cooling times of 80ms and 5ms respectively. The electrode force applied during welding was 3500N and the magnetic field strength applied was 1.41T.
Through specific practical experiments, compared with the traditional resistance spot welding of the aluminum steel, the thickness of the intermediate reactant is reduced from 10 microns to 5 microns; the aluminum steel interface has no oxide film defect; compared with the pull-shear performance of a traditional resistance spot welding joint, the pull-shear peak value is improved by 30%, the pull-shear energy absorption is improved by 115%, and the fracture mode is changed from interface brittle fracture into part button fracture.
The problem of an oxide film on the welding interface of the aluminum alloy and the steel is solved in the welding process, and the oxide film on the aluminum alloy/steel interface is broken under the action of cyclic tension-compression stress and electrode force generated by thermal cycle by 10 pulse currents in the welding process through a preheating stage, a film breaking stage, a growing stage and a stirring stage; the electromagnetic stirring force drives the oxide film fragments to flow, so that the oxide film fragments are dispersed and distributed in the nuggets, and the distribution of the interface oxide film is reduced. In addition, the high-temperature metal fluid flows at a high speed under the action of electromagnetic stirring, so that the diffusion of iron elements to the light metal side is accelerated, the nugget strength is increased, the iron atom concentration of an aluminum metal/steel interface is reduced, and the growth rate of IMC is slowed down.
Example 2
In this example, the aluminum plate to be joined was 6022 mm in thickness of 1.2mm, and the steel plate to be joined was low-carbon steel plate of 2.0 mm. As shown in fig. 4, the welding profile used comprises four phases of multi-pulse current. In the preheating stage, the current is 8kA, and the time is 40ms; the film breaking stage comprises 8 pulse currents, the current is 9kA, and the heating time and the cooling time are 40ms and 15ms respectively; the growth stage comprises 10 pulse currents, the current is 15.5kA, and the heating time and the cooling time are respectively 80ms and 5ms; the stirring phase comprises 6 pulse currents, the current magnitude is 16.5kA, and the heating time and the cooling time are respectively 80ms and 20ms. The welding process applied an electrode force of 4000N.
The problem of an oxide film on the welding interface of the aluminum alloy and the steel is solved in the welding process, and the oxide film on the aluminum metal/steel interface is broken under the action of cyclic tension-compression stress and electrode force generated by thermal cycle by using 8 pulse currents in the welding process; under the action of electromagnetic stirring, oxide film fragments are driven to flow, so that the oxide film fragments are dispersed and distributed in the nuggets, and the distribution of the interface oxide film is reduced. In addition, the high-temperature metal fluid flows at a high speed under the action of electromagnetic stirring, so that the diffusion of iron elements to the light metal side is accelerated, the nugget strength is increased, the iron atom concentration of an aluminum metal/steel interface is reduced, and the growth rate of IMC is slowed down.
The aluminum steel spot-welded joint obtained by the embodiment has the advantages that the nugget fusion depth reaches 0.7mm, the maximum thickness of the intermediate reactant is 6 mu m, the tensile and shearing mechanical properties are improved by 30-60% compared with those of the traditional resistance spot-welded joint, and the energy absorption is improved by 80-100%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) The generation of splashing is effectively inhibited by the cyclic heating and cooling generated by the multi-pulse current in the growth stage;
2) The metal on the two sides of the joint is subjected to high-frequency expansion and contraction, so that an oxide layer positioned on an aluminum steel interface is more fully crushed, and meanwhile, under the action of an external magnetic field or an induction magnetic field, a fine oxide film moves at a high speed in the aluminum side nugget molten metal and is far away from the aluminum steel interface, so that the distribution of the oxide film on the aluminum side nugget interface is effectively reduced, and the negative influence of the defect of the oxide film near the aluminum steel joint surface on the mechanical property of a welding spot is reduced;
3) The thickness of the intermediate reactant IMC layer is reduced by 4-5 μm, and the risk of brittle failure of the interface of the joint is reduced;
4) The magnetic stirring effect in the welding process accelerates the diffusion of iron atoms, and the hardness and the strength of an aluminum side nugget are increased;
5) The shearing and stripping performance of the welding spot is greatly improved, and the fracture mode of the welding spot is changed;
6) The pretreatment of the oxide film on the surface of the light metal is not needed before welding.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and not by the preceding embodiments, and all embodiments within their scope are intended to be limited by the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A magnetic-assisted multistage resistance spot welding connection method for light metal and steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: preheating stage, broken membrane stage, growth stage and stirring stage, wherein: in the preheating stage, a good contact is formed between the plate/electrode interface and the plate/plate interface through preheating current; in the film breaking stage, the plate is circularly heated/cooled by multi-pulse current, so that the light metal/steel interface oxide film is broken under the combined action of cyclic tension-compression stress generated by thermal cycle and electrode force; in the growth stage, the heat input power of a light metal/steel interface is regulated through multi-pulse current, the excessively fast growth and the generation of splashing of the IMC (intrinsic mode center) of the interface are inhibited, and the growth of a nugget on the side of the light metal along the diameter direction and the thickness direction is promoted; and in the stirring stage, electromagnetic force is generated through interaction of at least one pulse current and an external magnetic field source, oxide film fragments are dispersed and distributed in the nugget under the stirring action of the electromagnetic force, and meanwhile, high-temperature metal fluid flows at a high speed under the stirring action, so that diffusion of iron elements to the light metal side is accelerated, the nugget strength is increased, the iron atom concentration of a light metal/steel interface is reduced, and the growth rate of IMC is slowed down.
2. A magnetically assisted multi-stage resistance spot welding process for joining light metals to steel according to claim 1 wherein the electrode force, i.e. the force applied by the welding gun to the sheet material, is in the range of 1 to 10kN.
3. A magnetically assisted multi-stage resistance spot welding method of light metal to steel as claimed in claim 1 wherein said preheating current, applied to the sheet material by the weld controller, is in the range of 1kA to 20kA.
4. A magnetically assisted multi-stage resistance spot welding process for joining light metals to steel according to claim 1 wherein the duration of the preheating current is adjusted to zero by increasing the time or amount of the pulsed current in the film breaking stage.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the film breaking step is performed by adjusting the amplitude and duty ratio of the multi-pulse current, and the cyclic stress of the cyclic expansion/contraction of the solid plate is greater than the tensile strength of the oxide film to break the oxide film, i.e. the temperature T at the plate/plate interface C Satisfy the requirement of
Wherein: sigma b The tensile strength of the oxide film on the surface of the light metal, alpha (T) is the relationship that the thermal expansion coefficient of the light metal changes with the temperature, E (T) is the relationship that the Young modulus of the light metal changes with the temperature, and T is 0 Is ambient temperature.
6. A magnetically assisted multi-stage resistance spot welding method for joining light metals to steel according to claim 1 wherein the growth stage is carried out by adjusting the amplitude and duty cycle of the multi-pulse current to achieve a nugget diameter
And simultaneously controlling the phenomenon of no splashing, wherein: t is the thickness of the light metal plate.
7. A magnetically assisted multi-stage light metal to steel resistance spot welding method according to claim 1 or 6 wherein during the growth stage, when nugget thickness h satisfies 0.45t-t-0.65t, stirring stage electromagnetic forces may be generated by interaction of induced magnetic fields or external magnetic fields with electrical current, wherein: t is the thickness of the light metal plate.
8. The magnetically assisted multi-stage resistance spot welding method for joining light metals and steel according to claim 1, wherein the duty cycle of the multi-pulse current is 50% -100%.
9. A magnetically assisted multi-stage resistance spot welding method of joining light metals to steel according to claim 1 wherein the agitation stage is continued until immediately after spatter is generated.
10. A magnetically assisted multi-stage resistance spot welding method for joining light metals to steel according to claim 1 wherein the external magnetic field source is applied to the agitation stage.
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| CN115213535B (en) | 2024-01-30 |
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