CN115202014B - Compact uncooled long-wave infrared continuous zooming optical system - Google Patents
Compact uncooled long-wave infrared continuous zooming optical system Download PDFInfo
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 154
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005387 chalcogenide glass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005355 lead glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (fluoren-9-ylideneamino) n-naphthalen-1-ylcarbamate Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C1=NOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012634 optical imaging Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
- G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
- G02B15/144—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having four groups only
- G02B15/1441—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having four groups only the first group being positive
- G02B15/144113—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having four groups only the first group being positive arranged +-++
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/14—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
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Abstract
The invention relates to a compact uncooled long-wave infrared continuous zooming optical system, and belongs to the technical field of optical imaging. The system comprises: a positive power meniscus lens as a front fixed group, a negative power lens as a variable power group, a positive power meniscus lens as a compensation group and a positive power meniscus lens as a second compensation group are sequentially arranged along the optical axis direction; the system adopts three groups of linkage continuous zooming technology to reduce the number of optical lenses and compress the total length of the system; four infrared lenses are adopted to realize a compact uncooled long-wave infrared 8.5-time continuous zooming function; the zooming range of the system is 17.0mm-153mm, and the system is suitable for various uncooled long-wave infrared detectors; the second compensation group active focusing compensation heat elimination technology is adopted, so that the imaging of the system is clear under the high and low temperature condition, and the system is easy to popularize and apply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical imaging, and particularly relates to a compact uncooled long-wave infrared continuous zooming optical system mainly used for navigation, searching, observation and other aspects of a handheld thermal infrared imager, a vehicle-mounted thermal infrared imager, an onboard thermal infrared imager and the like.
Background
With the technical improvement of the uncooled infrared focal plane detector in the aspects of array scale, pixel size, noise equivalent temperature difference and the like, the uncooled infrared focal plane detector is widely applied to the fields of electric power, fire protection, industry, medical treatment, security protection, traffic and the like by combining various characteristics of the uncooled infrared thermal imager such as no need of refrigeration, low cost, low power consumption, long service life, light weight, convenience and flexibility in use and the like. With the progress of infrared optical design technology and infrared optical cold processing technology in recent years, the imaging quality of the infrared continuous zooming optical lens can be compared with that of a fixed focus lens; compared with a fixed-focus or dual-view-field uncooled infrared thermal imager, the continuous-zoom optical system can realize scene navigation and target searching in a short-focus wide-view-field state and high-spatial-resolution target identification and aiming in a long-focus narrow-view-field state, so that the continuous-zoom uncooled infrared thermal imager can be increasingly applied. Because the sensitivity of the uncooled detector is lower, the relative aperture of the uncooled optical system is larger, so that the defects of longer total length, larger aperture of an objective lens, more lenses, heavier system weight, larger system volume envelope and the like of the uncooled infrared continuous zoom optical system are caused, and the application range of the uncooled infrared continuous zoom thermal imager is restricted.
By analyzing relevant documents of the uncooled infrared zoom optical system, the uncooled infrared continuous zoom optical system has more research results at present. For example: wu Haiqing (infrared ray 2020,41 (2)) adopts a two-component positive group compensation technology, and realizes the design result of 5 lenses and a total length of 125mm in a zooming range of 25-75 mm based on 1024×768 devices; zhang Liang (applied optics, 2012,33 (2)), a two-component positive group compensation technique is adopted, and a design result of a 5-lens zoom range of 10.7-200 mm is realized based on a 320×240 device. Tao (infrared, 2017, 38 (5)), and adopts a two-component positive group compensation technology to realize the design result that 7 lenses are zoomed in 10 mm-200 mm and F# is 1.3 based on 384×288 devices. Du Yunan, "20×long-wave infrared zoom optical system design" (infrared technology, 2013, 35 (10)), adopts a two-component positive-group compensation technology, and realizes a design result that the zoom range of 6 lenses is 15 mm-300 mm and the F# is 2.0 based on 320×240 devices. Xu Liang (optical journal, 2009,29 (2)) adopts a two-component negative group compensation technology to realize the design result that the 6-lens zoom range is 14 mm-112 mm and the F# is 1.3 based on 320×240 devices. Bao Jiaqi (photoelectric engineering, 2014, 41 (2)), adopts a two-component positive group compensation technology, and realizes the design result that 6 lenses are realized based on 640×512 devices, the zooming range is 20-120 mm, and the F# is changed between 1-1.1. Wu Fan (photoelectric technology application, 2017, 32 (5)), adopts a two-component positive group compensation technology, and realizes the design result that the zooming range of 6 lenses is 25 mm-100 mm, the total length is less than or equal to 180mm and the F# is changed between 1 and 1.4 based on 1024×768 devices. The uncooled long-wave infrared continuous zooming optical system adopts a two-component zooming technology, at least adopts 5 lenses, and the total length of the system is longer (the telephoto ratio is larger).
Chinese patent CN113866963a discloses a three-group linkage uncooled long-wave infrared continuous zooming optical structure, which uses three groups of lenses to realize continuous zooming by nonlinear movement, and realizes 5 times continuous zooming function of four lenses with focal length ranging from 15mm to 75mm, but the front fixed group of large objective lens of the system adopts diffraction element to increase the processing difficulty and cost of optical parts, and the system has no athermal analysis explanation at high and low temperatures.
The current uncooled long-wave thermal infrared imager is developed towards the trend of light and small size, high performance and low cost, and high requirements are provided for the cost price, the overall length, the volume envelope, the high-low temperature imaging quality and the like of an infrared continuous zooming optical system.
Therefore, how to overcome the defects of the prior art is a problem to be solved in the current optical imaging technology field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provide a compact uncooled long-wave infrared continuous zooming optical system, which realizes the 8.5 times continuous zooming function of the uncooled long-wave infrared optical system of four lenses by adopting three groups of linkage zooming technology; the F-number changing technology is adopted to restrict the caliber of the front fixed group and reduce the stray radiation of the system; the continuous zooming optical system can be imaged clearly under the high and low temperature conditions by the heat elimination technology of active focusing compensation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a compact uncooled long wave infrared continuous zoom optical system comprising:
a positive power meniscus lens as a front fixed group, a negative power lens as a variable power group, a positive power meniscus lens as a compensation group and a positive power meniscus lens as a second compensation group are sequentially arranged along the optical axis direction;
the concave surface of the positive focal power meniscus lens as the front fixed group faces the image space;
the concave surface of the negative focal power lens serving as the variable power group faces the image space;
the concave surface of the positive focal power meniscus lens as the compensation group faces the image space;
the positive power meniscus lens concave surface as the second compensation group faces the image side.
Further, it is preferable that the lens material of the positive power meniscus lens as the front fixed group is germanium single crystal, the lens material of the negative power lens as the variable power group is germanium single crystal or chalcogenide glass material, the lens material of the positive power meniscus lens as the compensation group is germanium single crystal or chalcogenide glass material, and the lens material of the positive power meniscus lens as the second compensation group is germanium single crystal, chalcogenide glass material or zinc selenide.
Further, it is preferable that the positive power meniscus lens as the front fixed group is an aspherical positive power lens, the negative power lens as the variable power group is an aspherical negative power lens, the positive power meniscus lens as the compensation group is a positive power aspherical diffraction lens, and the positive power meniscus lens as the second compensation group is an aspherical positive power lens.
Further, it is preferable that the focal lengths of the positive power meniscus lens as the front fixed group, the negative power lens as the variable power group, the positive power meniscus lens as the compensation group, and the positive power meniscus lens as the second compensation group satisfy the following conditions: 0.78< |fL/f1| <2.18;2.8< |fl/f2| <8.5;2.4< |fl/f3| <8.5;2.0< |fl/f4| <8.0; wherein fL is the focal length of the optical system at the telephoto end, f1 is the focal length of the positive power meniscus lens as the front fixed group, and f2 is the focal length of the negative power lens as the variable power group; f3 is the focal length of the positive power meniscus lens as the compensation group; f4 is the focal length of the positive power meniscus lens as the second compensation group.
Further, it is preferable that the system achieves the line-of-sight focusing and the high-low temperature athermal through the back-and-forth movement of the positive power meniscus lens as the second compensation group in the optical axis direction.
The invention provides a compact uncooled long-wave infrared continuous zooming optical system, which is sequentially arranged from an object side to an image side along the optical axis direction: a positive power meniscus lens as a front fixed group, a negative power lens as a variable power group, a positive power meniscus lens as a compensation group, a positive power meniscus lens as a second compensation group; so that the target scenery light rays are converged to the uncooled long-wave detector window through the positive focal power meniscus lens serving as the front fixed group, the negative focal power lens serving as the variable-power group, the positive focal power meniscus lens serving as the compensation group and the positive focal power meniscus lens serving as the second compensation group, and are imaged on the uncooled long-wave detector focal plane.
In the system of the invention, the negative focal power lens used as the variable power group, the positive focal power meniscus lens used as the compensation group and the positive focal power meniscus lens used as the second compensation group can all move axially, thus realizing continuous zooming, namely: when the negative focal power lens of the zoom group moves from the positive focal power meniscus lens position close to the front fixed group to the focal plane direction of the uncooled long wave detector, the positive focal power meniscus lens of the compensation group moves from the positive focal power meniscus lens direction close to the front fixed group of the uncooled long wave detector according to the compensation curve, the positive focal power meniscus lens of the second compensation group moves from the positive focal power meniscus lens direction close to the front fixed group of the uncooled long wave detector window according to the compensation curve, and then returns from the positive focal power meniscus lens position close to the compensation group to the uncooled long wave detector window, and the focal length of the system continuously increases in the corresponding zooming process; the system is in a short focal position when the negative power lens as the variable power group is farthest from the positive power meniscus lens as the compensation group during continuous zooming, and in a long focal position when the negative power lens as the variable power group is closest to the positive power meniscus lens as the compensation group during continuous zooming.
The positive power meniscus lens serving as the second compensation group has a focusing function of moving back and forth along the optical axis direction, and can compensate system defocusing in high and low temperature environments by focusing.
In the present invention, the powers of the positive power meniscus lens as the front fixed group, the negative power lens as the variable power group, the positive power meniscus lens as the compensation group, and the positive power meniscus lens as the second compensation group are distributed in positive, negative, positive, and positive structures. The system zoom is realized by linearly moving the zoom group along the optical axis direction, the compensation group and the second compensation group realize the system compensation function by non-linearly moving the zoom group along the optical axis direction, and the imaging focal plane position is ensured to be unchanged.
The zooming range of the system is 17mm-153mm, the F number of the corresponding system is 1.06-1.2, the total length of the system is less than or equal to 205mm, the volume envelope of the system is less than or equal to phi 136mm multiplied by 205mm, and the total weight of the system is less than 640g.
The uncooled long-wave infrared focal plane detector adapted by the system of the invention can be applicable to uncooled long-wave infrared focal plane detectors with the specifications of 384 multiplied by 288/25 mu m, 640 multiplied by 512/10 mu m, 640 multiplied by 512/12 mu m, 640 multiplied by 512/15 mu m, 1024 multiplied by 768/10 mu m and the like; the applicable wavelength is as follows: the wavelength is 8.0 μm-12.0 μm and the wavelength is 8.0 μm-14.0 μm.
Key point of the invention
1. The optical system adopts three groups of linkage zooming technology to realize the 8.5 times compact uncooled long-wave infrared continuous zooming function of four lenses.
2. The invention adopts the second compensation group round trip compensation mode to realize shorter total system length.
3. The optical system achieves clear imaging through active focusing compensation of the second compensation group positive focal power meniscus lens in the low-40 ℃ and high-60 ℃.
4. The optical system adopts the F-number changing technology, and the aperture diaphragm of the optical system is arranged on the positive focal power lens of the compensation group, so that the F-number of the system is continuously changed in the continuous zooming process without changing the diameter of the aperture diaphragm, and the technology can reduce the aperture of the objective lens of the positive focal power meniscus lens of the front fixed group.
The invention adopts three groups of linkage zooming technology and system F number changing technology to achieve the aims of reducing the diameter of the group before compression, reducing the volume of the system, shortening the total length and reducing the weight and the cost. The compact, low-cost, uncooled, long-wave and infrared continuous zooming optical system can be widely applied to national defense and civil fields such as navigation, searching, tracking, warning and reconnaissance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the 8.5-time continuous zooming function of the infrared optical system is realized by only four lenses, the zooming range of the system is 17mm-153mm, the F number of the system is 1.06-1.2, the total length of the system is less than or equal to 205mm, the volume envelope of the system is less than or equal to phi 138mm multiplied by 205mm, and the total weight of the system is less than 640g. The F-number changing technology is adopted to restrict the diameter of the front fixed group positive focal power meniscus lens, reduce the size of the optical component and improve the imaging quality; by active focusing and heat elimination, the system keeps better imaging quality within the range of-40 ℃ to 60 ℃. The whole system has the characteristics of small number of lenses, short axial dimension, small volume, light weight, low cost and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a zoom schematic of a system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a small field of view 153mm focal length optical system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view of an optical system with a field of view of 80mm focal length according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a large field of view 17mm focal length optical system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of a small field of view 153mm focal length modulation transfer function in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of a field 80mm focal length modulation transfer function in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of a 17mm focal length modulation transfer function for a large field of view in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of a small field of view 153mm focal length modulation transfer function at-40℃for a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of a small field of view 153mm focal length modulation transfer function at +60℃accordingto an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a graph of cam profile during zooming of a variable magnification compensation group in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The specific techniques or conditions are not identified in the examples and are performed according to techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product specifications. The materials or equipment used are conventional products available from commercial sources, not identified to the manufacturer.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, a compact uncooled long-wave infrared continuous-zoom optical system, comprising:
a positive power meniscus lens 1 as a front fixed group, a negative power lens 2 as a variable power group, a positive power meniscus lens 3 as a compensation group, and a positive power meniscus lens 4 as a second compensation group are sequentially arranged along the optical axis direction;
the concave surface of the positive focal power meniscus lens 1 as the front fixed group faces the image space;
the concave surface of the negative focal power lens 2 as the variable power group faces the image space;
the concave surface of the positive focal power meniscus lens 3 as the compensation group faces the image space;
the positive power meniscus lens 4 as the second compensation group has its concave surface facing the image side.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, a compact uncooled long-wave infrared continuous-zoom optical system, comprising:
a positive power meniscus lens 1 as a front fixed group, a negative power lens 2 as a variable power group, a positive power meniscus lens 3 as a compensation group, and a positive power meniscus lens 4 as a second compensation group are sequentially arranged along the optical axis direction;
the concave surface of the positive focal power meniscus lens 1 as the front fixed group faces the image space;
the concave surface of the negative focal power lens 2 as the variable power group faces the image space;
the concave surface of the positive focal power meniscus lens 3 as the compensation group faces the image space;
the positive power meniscus lens 4 as the second compensation group has its concave surface facing the image side.
The lens material of the positive power meniscus lens 1 as the front fixed group is germanium single crystal, the lens material of the negative power lens 2 as the variable power group is germanium single crystal or chalcogenide glass material, the lens material of the positive power meniscus lens 3 as the compensation group is germanium single crystal or chalcogenide glass material, and the lens material of the positive power meniscus lens 4 as the second compensation group is germanium single crystal, chalcogenide glass material or zinc selenide.
The positive power meniscus lens 1 as the front fixed group is an aspheric positive power lens, the negative power lens 2 as the variable power group is an aspheric negative power lens, the positive power meniscus lens 3 as the compensation group is a positive power aspheric diffraction lens, and the positive power meniscus lens 4 as the second compensation group is an aspheric positive power lens.
The focal lengths of the positive power meniscus lens 1 as the front fixed group, the negative power lens 2 as the variable power group, the positive power meniscus lens 3 as the compensation group, and the positive power meniscus lens 4 as the second compensation group need to satisfy the following conditions: 0.78< |fL/f1| <2.18;2.8< |fl/f2| <8.5;2.4< |fl/f3| <8.5;2.0< |fl/f4| <8.0; wherein fL is the focal length of the optical system at the telephoto end, f1 is the focal length of the positive power meniscus lens 1 as the front fixed group, and f2 is the focal length of the negative power lens 2 as the variable group; f3 is the focal length of the positive power meniscus lens 3 as the compensation group; f4 is the focal length of the positive power meniscus lens 4 as the second compensation group.
The system realizes the focusing of the visual distance and the athermal at high and low temperature by moving the positive focal power meniscus lens 4 serving as the second compensation group back and forth along the optical axis direction.
Application example 1
The compact uncooled long-wave infrared continuous zooming optical system provided by the invention, as shown in figure 2, is arranged in sequence from an object space to an image space in the optical axis direction determined on the long-wave infrared ray path radiated by a scene object: a positive power meniscus lens 1 as a front fixed group, a negative power lens 2 as a variable power group, a positive power meniscus lens 3 as a compensation group, a positive power meniscus lens 4 as a second compensation group, an uncooled long wave detector window 5, and an uncooled long wave detector focal plane 6; so that the target scene radiation rays pass through the positive focal power meniscus lens 1 as a front fixed group, the negative focal power lens 2 as a variable focal power group, the positive focal power meniscus lens 3 as a compensation group, the positive focal power meniscus lens 4 as a second compensation group, and are converged to the uncooled long wave detector window 5 to be imaged on the uncooled long wave detector focal plane 6.
The specific parameters of the optical system are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 optical system parameter table (Unit: mm)
In table 1, the front surface and the rear surface refer to the front surface of each optical element close to the scene along the optical axis direction, and the surface facing the focal plane of the refrigeration detector is the rear surface; the curvature radius refers to the curvature radius of the front surface and the rear surface of each optical lens; the center thickness refers to the center thickness of each optical lens; the distance refers to the distance between the center of the rear surface of each optical lens and the center of the front surface of the adjacent optical lens along the optical axis direction; the material is an optical material used for the optical element; the aspherical parameter is an even aspherical equation coefficient of the aspherical surface of the optical lens, wherein A is an equation fourth-order coefficient, B is an equation sixth-order coefficient, C is an equation eighth-order coefficient, and the even aspherical equation is defined as follows:
wherein z is the sagittal height of the lens of the aspheric surface along the optical axis; c (C) 0 Curvature for the vertex of the optical lens surface; k is a conic constant; y is the half caliber of the lens perpendicular to the optical axis direction; A. b, C, D is a coefficient; (d=0 in table 1).
The diffraction coefficient is a diffraction surface equation coefficient of the aspheric diffraction surface of the optical lens;
the diffraction plane equation is: phi=h 1 Y 2 +H 2 Y 4 +H 3 Y 6
Wherein phi is the phase of the diffraction plane; y is the half caliber of the lens perpendicular to the optical axis direction; h1, H2 and H3 are diffraction plane phase coefficients. (h3=0 in table 1).
The system zoom process schematic diagram is shown in fig. 1, when the system zooms from a large-view-field short-focal position to a small-view-field long-focal position, a negative focal power lens 2 serving as a zoom group moves from a position close to a positive focal power meniscus lens 1 of a front fixed group to a positive focal power meniscus lens 3 serving as a compensation group, the positive focal power meniscus lens 3 serving as the compensation group moves from a position close to a positive focal power meniscus lens 4 serving as a second compensation group to a negative focal power lens 2 serving as the zoom group for compensation, the positive focal power meniscus lens 4 serving as the second compensation group moves from a position close to an uncooled long-wave detector window 5 to a positive focal power meniscus lens 3 serving as the compensation group, and then returns from a position close to the positive focal power meniscus lens 3 serving as the compensation group to the uncooled long-wave detector window 5, and the system focal length continuously increases in the corresponding zoom process; the system is in the short focal position when the negative power lens 2 as the variable power group is farthest from the positive power meniscus lens 3 as the compensation group during continuous zooming, and in the long focal position when the negative power lens 2 as the variable power group is closest to the positive power meniscus lens 3 as the compensation group during continuous zooming.
The movement of the three sets of lenses must satisfy the following conjugate equation:
wherein f' 2 For the focal length of the negative power lens 2 as a variable power group, f' 3 For the focal length of the positive power meniscus lens 3 as compensation group, f' 4 For the focal length of the positive power meniscus lens 4 as the second compensation group, β 2 、β 3 、β 4 For an initial power of the negative power lens 2 as a variable power group, the positive power meniscus lens 3 as a compensation group, the positive power meniscus lens 4 as a second compensation group,a negative focal power lens 2 as a variable power group, a positive focal power meniscus lens 3 as a compensation group and a lens with positive focal power at any position in the variable power processIs the power of the positive power meniscus lens 4 of the second compensation group.
As shown in fig. 4, when the negative power lens 2 as the variable power group is positioned close to the positive power meniscus lens 1 as the front fixed group and the positive power meniscus lens 3 as the compensation group is positioned close to the positive power meniscus lens 4 as the second compensation group, the positive power meniscus lens 1 as the front fixed group is spaced apart from the negative power lens 2 as the variable power group by 10.6mm, the negative power lens 2 as the variable power group is spaced apart from the positive power meniscus lens 3 as the compensation group by 106.7mm, the positive power meniscus lens 3 as the compensation group is spaced apart from the positive power meniscus lens 4 as the second compensation group by 46.7mm, and the positive power meniscus lens 4 as the second compensation group is spaced apart from the uncooled long wave detector window 5 by 10.5mm. At this time, a system 17mm short focal length large field optical path is formed.
When the negative power lens 2 as the variable power group moves from the position close to the positive power meniscus lens 1 as the front fixed group to the uncooled long wave infrared detector window 5, and at the same time the positive power meniscus lens 3 as the compensation group moves from the position close to the uncooled long wave detector window 5 to the positive power meniscus lens 1 as the front fixed group, the second compensation group meniscus lens 4 moves from the position close to the uncooled long wave detector window 5 to the positive power meniscus lens 3 as the compensation group, the front fixed group meniscus lens 1 is spaced 80.0mm from the negative power lens 2 as the variable power group, the negative power lens 2 as the variable power group is spaced 23.5mm from the positive power meniscus lens 3 as the compensation group, the positive power meniscus lens 3 as the compensation group is spaced 58.6mm from the positive power meniscus lens 4 as the second compensation group, the positive power meniscus lens 4 as the second compensation group is spaced 12.4mm from the uncooled long wave detector window 5, and the position forms a focal length of 80mm as shown in fig. 3.
When the negative focal power lens 2 serving as the variable power group continuously moves towards the uncooled long-wave infrared detector window 5, and simultaneously the positive focal power meniscus lens 3 serving as the compensation group continuously moves towards the positive focal power meniscus lens 1 serving as the front fixed group, the second compensation group meniscus lens 4 returns to move towards the detector window 5, the front fixed group meniscus lens 1 is separated from the negative focal power lens 2 serving as the variable power group by 88.0mm, the negative focal power lens 2 serving as the variable power group is separated from the positive focal power meniscus lens 3 serving as the compensation group by 2.8mm, the positive focal power meniscus lens 3 serving as the compensation group is separated from the positive focal power meniscus lens 4 serving as the second compensation group by 76.7mm, the positive focal power meniscus lens 4 serving as the second compensation group is separated from the uncooled long-wave detector window 5 by 7.0mm, and the position movement condition is shown in fig. 2, so that a system 153mm focal length small-field optical path is formed.
When the system is matched with 640 x 512/12 mu m-specification refrigeration type long-wave infrared focal plane detector 6 is in a 17mm short-focus large view field, the optical modulation transfer function of the system is shown in figure 7, the optical modulation transfer function of the system is shown in figure 6 when the system is in an 80mm focal length middle view field, the optical modulation transfer function of the system is shown in figure 5 when the system is in a 153mm focal length small view field, the imaging quality of the whole zooming process is always good, and the image is clear.
The motion cam curves of the system, in the zooming process, of the negative focal power lens 2 serving as the variable power group, the positive focal power meniscus lens 3 serving as the compensation group and the positive focal power meniscus lens 4 serving as the second compensation group are shown in fig. 10, the maximum stroke of the negative focal power lens 2 serving as the variable power group is 77.4mm, the maximum stroke of the positive focal power meniscus lens 3 serving as the compensation group is 26.5mm, the maximum stroke of the positive focal power meniscus lens 4 serving as the second compensation group is 6.8mm, and the cam curve is smooth and easy to servo control.
Application example 2
The compact uncooled long-wave infrared continuous zooming optical system provided by the invention, as shown in figure 2, is arranged in sequence from an object space to an image space in the optical axis direction determined on the long-wave infrared ray path radiated by a scene object: a positive power meniscus lens 1 as a front fixed group, a negative power lens 2 as a variable power group, a positive power meniscus lens 3 as a compensation group, a positive power meniscus lens 4 as a second compensation group, an uncooled long wave detector window 5, and an uncooled long wave detector focal plane 6; so that the target scene radiation rays pass through the positive focal power meniscus lens 1 as a front fixed group, the negative focal power lens 2 as a variable focal power group, the positive focal power meniscus lens 3 as a compensation group, the positive focal power meniscus lens 4 as a second compensation group, and are converged to the uncooled long wave detector window 5 to be imaged on the uncooled long wave detector focal plane 6.
The negative focal power lens 2 serving as the variable power group and the positive focal power meniscus lens 3 serving as the compensation group are positioned close to each other, a 153mm focal length small view field optical path is formed at the moment, the front fixed group meniscus lens 1 is separated from the negative focal power lens 2 serving as the variable power group by 88.0mm, the negative focal power lens 2 serving as the variable power group is separated from the positive focal power meniscus lens 3 serving as the compensation group by 2.8mm, the positive focal power meniscus lens 3 serving as the compensation group is separated from the positive focal power meniscus lens 4 serving as the second compensation group by 76.7mm, the positive focal power meniscus lens 4 serving as the second compensation group is separated from the uncooled long wave detector window 5 by 7.0mm, and the optical path is shown in fig. 2.
When the system is at a low temperature of-40 ℃, focusing compensation is performed by moving the positive power meniscus lens 4 as the second compensation group forward by 1.75mm along the optical axis direction, and the optical modulation transfer function of the system after focusing compensation is as shown in fig. 8, so that the imaging of the system is clear.
When the system is at a high temperature +60 ℃, focusing compensation is performed by moving the positive power meniscus lens 4 as the second compensation group 1.35mm backward along the optical axis direction, and the optical modulation transfer function of the system after focusing compensation is as shown in fig. 9, so that the imaging of the system is clear.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. A compact uncooled long wave infrared continuous zoom optical system comprising:
a positive power meniscus lens as a front fixed group, a negative power lens as a variable power group, a positive power meniscus lens as a compensation group and a positive power meniscus lens as a second compensation group are sequentially arranged along the optical axis direction;
the concave surface of the positive focal power meniscus lens as the front fixed group faces the image space;
the concave surface of the negative focal power lens serving as the variable power group faces the image space;
the concave surface of the positive focal power meniscus lens as the compensation group faces the image space;
the concave surface of the positive focal power meniscus lens serving as the second compensation group faces the image space;
the focal lengths of the positive power meniscus lens as the front fixed group, the negative power lens as the variable power group, the positive power meniscus lens as the compensation group, and the positive power meniscus lens as the second compensation group need to satisfy the following conditions: 0.78< |fL/f1| <2.18;2.8< |fl/f2| <8.5;2.4< |fl/f3| <8.5;2.0< |fl/f4| <8.0; wherein fL is the focal length of the optical system at the telephoto end, f1 is the focal length of the positive power meniscus lens as the front fixed group, and f2 is the focal length of the negative power lens as the variable power group; f3 is the focal length of the positive power meniscus lens as the compensation group; f4 is the focal length of the positive power meniscus lens as the second compensation group;
the zooming range of the system is 17mm-153mm, the F number of the corresponding system is 1.06-1.2, the total length of the system is less than or equal to 205mm, the volume envelope of the system is less than or equal to phi 136mm multiplied by 205mm, and the total weight of the system is less than 640g;
the system realizes the visual distance focusing and high-low temperature athermal through the forward and backward movement of the positive focal power meniscus lens serving as the second compensation group along the optical axis direction;
the optical element of the optical system with optical power is only four lenses of the four groups.
2. The compact uncooled long wave infrared continuous zoom optical system of claim 1, wherein the lens material of the positive power meniscus lens as the front fixed group is germanium single crystal, the lens material of the negative power lens as the variable power group is germanium single crystal or chalcogenide glass material, the lens material of the positive power meniscus lens as the compensation group is germanium single crystal or chalcogenide glass material, and the lens material of the positive power meniscus lens as the second compensation group is germanium single crystal, chalcogenide glass material or zinc selenide.
3. The compact, uncooled, long wave infrared continuous zoom optical system of claim 2, wherein the positive power meniscus lens as the front fixed group is an aspheric positive power lens, the negative power lens as the variable power group is an aspheric negative power lens, the positive power meniscus lens as the compensation group is a positive power aspheric diffractive lens, and the positive power meniscus lens as the second compensation group is an aspheric positive power lens.
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