CN114460727A - Long-focus and miniature medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system - Google Patents
Long-focus and miniature medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114460727A CN114460727A CN202210096911.3A CN202210096911A CN114460727A CN 114460727 A CN114460727 A CN 114460727A CN 202210096911 A CN202210096911 A CN 202210096911A CN 114460727 A CN114460727 A CN 114460727A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
- G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
- G02B15/143—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having three groups only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
- G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
- G02B15/16—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
A long-focus and miniature medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system relates to the technical field of optical systems and comprises a first positive meniscus lens, a first negative meniscus lens, a second negative meniscus lens, a double-convex positive lens, a second positive meniscus lens, a third positive meniscus lens, a first plane reflector, a second plane reflector, a third negative meniscus lens, a fourth positive meniscus lens and an infrared detector which are arranged in sequence from an object space to an image space; the first positive meniscus lens, the first negative meniscus lens, the second negative meniscus lens, the double convex positive lens, the second positive meniscus lens and the third positive meniscus lens are arranged in the same optical axis; the first plane reflector and the optical axis form an angle of 45 degrees, the mirror surface faces the image space, the second plane reflector and the optical axis form an angle of 45 degrees, and the mirror surface faces the image space; the invention realizes a large zoom ratio and long-focus optical system with a focal length of 20-600 mm and a zoom ratio of 30 times, and improves the detection and identification capability of the system on a long-distance target.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical systems, in particular to a long-focus and small-sized medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system.
Background
With the continuous development of the technology, the detection and identification distances of the photoelectric system are required to be longer and longer, and in addition, the requirements for observing weak and small targets in the fields of infrared early warning and the like are also larger and larger, so that the optical system is required to have a longer focal length and a larger caliber;
the target image of the continuous zooming infrared optical system can be kept clear all the time in the zooming process, and the transformation of any view field in the zooming range can be realized; when the system is applied to an airborne photoelectric hanging cabin, the system cannot lose a tracking target in the continuous zooming process, and a proper working view field can be selected according to the scene and the target characteristics, so that the man-machine effect is greatly improved;
at present, an airborne photoelectric pod system is high in integration level, and multiple photoelectric sensors are mounted on the airborne photoelectric pod system, so that wide-spectrum and multi-band target detection is realized; because the size and the weight of an airborne photoelectric system are limited, the miniaturization design of a thermal infrared imager and other photoelectric sensors is of great importance;
the Chinese patent application with the application number of 201710547355.6 discloses a medium-wave infrared continuous zoom lens with a large zoom ratio, the zoom ratio of the system is 12 times, the optical system is long and large in volume, and the requirements of miniaturization and light weight are difficult to meet in practical application;
the Chinese patent application with the application number of 201810314997.6 discloses an infrared continuous zooming optical system with large relative aperture and high zoom ratio, wherein the focal length of a long-focus end of the system is 330mm, the total optical length is 460mm, and the defects of low resolving power and large volume of the long-focus end on a long-distance target exist;
a paper published by the royal sea and the like and entitled design of a medium-wave infrared continuous zooming optical system with large zoom ratio is published on pages 398 to 402 in No. 2 of volume 42 published by Infrared and laser engineering in 2013, 2 months in China journal; the medium wave infrared continuous zooming optical system with large zoom ratio by adopting a three-time imaging technology is introduced; the F number of the system is 4, and continuous zooming of 23-701 mm can be realized; the system adopts 10 lenses, the overall dimension of the system is 345mm multiplied by 176mm multiplied by 224mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), the defects of low optical transmittance and large volume exist, and the system is difficult to be applied to airborne photoelectric equipment;
a paper entitled "design of a high-definition medium-wave infrared continuous zooming optical system with large zoom ratio" published by Chenjinjin and the like is published in pages 42, No. 10, 2742-2747, published by Infrared and laser engineering in 2013, 10 months in China journal; the medium-wave infrared continuous zooming optical system with the F number of 4 and the zooming range of 15-550 mm is introduced, the size of the folded optical system is 390mm multiplied by 137.5mm multiplied by 110mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), the total length/focal length ratio of the system is about 0.7, the defect of large volume exists, and the system is difficult to be applied to airborne photoelectric equipment with strict volume requirements;
a paper entitled design of a compact large zoom ratio infrared optical system published by Qurui and the like is published in the 46 th page of 1104002-1 to 1104002-5 of volume 11, published by Infrared and laser engineering in 11 months of 2017 in China journal; the design of an infrared optical system with a large zoom ratio, wherein the F number is 4, the zoom range is 6.5-455 mm, the system uses 10 lenses, the total length is 300mm, the ratio of the total length to the focal length of the system is about 0.66, and the defects of large number of lenses, low optical transmittance and large volume exist; in addition, the compensation group of the system consists of 3 lenses, so that the system is large in quantity and heavy in weight, and therefore the difficulty in driving the compensation group is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the background art, the invention discloses a long-focus and miniature medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a long-focus and small-sized medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system comprises a first positive meniscus lens, a first negative meniscus lens, a second negative meniscus lens, a double-convex positive lens, a second positive meniscus lens, a third positive meniscus lens, a first plane reflector, a second plane reflector, a third negative meniscus lens, a fourth positive meniscus lens and an infrared detector which are arranged in sequence from an object space to an image space; the first positive meniscus lens, the first negative meniscus lens, the second negative meniscus lens, the double convex positive lens, the second positive meniscus lens and the third positive meniscus lens are arranged in the same optical axis; the third negative meniscus lens, the fourth positive meniscus lens and the infrared detector are arranged on the same optical axis;
the first plane reflector forms an angle of 45 degrees with the optical axis, the mirror surface faces the image space, the second plane reflector forms an angle of 45 degrees with the optical axis, the mirror surface faces the image space, the emergent light of the third positive meniscus lens is reflected by the first plane reflector to enter the second plane reflector, and is reflected by the second plane reflector to enter the fourth positive meniscus lens; the first positive meniscus lens, the first negative meniscus lens and the second negative meniscus lens are all arranged in a bent way towards the first plane reflector; the second positive meniscus lens, the third negative meniscus lens and the fourth positive meniscus lens are all arranged back to the first plane reflector;
the second negative meniscus lens is a zoom lens, the focal length change is realized by the movement of the second negative meniscus lens along the optical axis, the double-convex positive lens is a first compensation lens, the second positive meniscus lens is a second compensation lens, and the image plane defocusing caused by the movement of the zoom lens is compensated by the independent movement of the double-convex positive lens and the second positive meniscus lens along the optical axis, so that the clear imaging in the zooming process is realized.
Preferably, the exit pupil is provided with an aperture diaphragm which is superposed with a cold diaphragm of the infrared detector.
Preferably, the primary image plane is located between the first and second planar mirrors.
Preferably, the optical material of the first positive meniscus lens is a monocrystalline silicon material, the optical material of the first negative meniscus lens is a monocrystalline germanium material, the optical material of the second negative meniscus lens is a monocrystalline germanium material, the optical material of the double-convex positive lens is a zinc selenide material, the optical material of the second positive meniscus lens is a monocrystalline germanium material, the optical material of the third negative meniscus lens is a monocrystalline germanium material, and the optical material of the fourth positive meniscus lens is a monocrystalline silicon material.
Preferably, the focal length of the first positive meniscus lens, the first negative meniscus lens, the second negative meniscus lens, the double convex positive lens, the second positive meniscus lens, the third negative meniscus lens and the fourth positive meniscus lens satisfies the following conditions:
4.1f≤f1≤4.3f，-7.1f≤f2≤-6.8f，-0.90f≤f3≤-0.80f，2.0f≤f4≤2.2f，26.0f≤f5≤27.0f，26.0f≤f6≤27.0f，-13.0f≤f9≤-12.0f，0.9f≤f10≤1.0f；
wherein f is the focal length of the optical system in short focus;
f1is the effective focal length of the first meniscus positive lens;
f2is the effective focal length of the first negative meniscus lens;
f3is the effective focal length of the second negative meniscus lens;
f4is the effective focal length of the biconvex positive lens;
f5is the effective focal length of the second meniscus positive lens;
f6is the effective focal length of the third meniscus positive lens;
f9is the effective focal length of the third negative meniscus lens;
f10is the effective focal length of the fourth meniscus positive lens.
Preferably, the surface S4 of the first negative meniscus lens facing the first plane mirror, the surface S5 of the second negative meniscus lens facing away from the first plane mirror, the surface S10 of the second positive meniscus lens facing the first plane mirror, and the surface S12 of the third positive meniscus lens facing the first plane mirror are all even aspheric surfaces, and the surface equation is as follows:
where z is a distance vector from a vertex of the aspheric surface when the aspheric surface is at a position having a height R along the optical axis direction, C is a curvature, C is 1/R, R represents a curvature radius of the lens surface, R is a radial coordinate of the lens surface in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, k is a conic constant of the lens surface, a is a fourth-order aspheric coefficient of the lens surface, B is a sixth-order aspheric coefficient of the lens surface, and C is an eighth-order aspheric coefficient of the lens surface.
Preferably, the surface S16 of the third negative meniscus lens facing away from the second plane mirror is a diffractive aspheric surface, the aspheric surface and the diffractive surface act on the same lens surface, a continuous relief structure is machined on the aspheric substrate by diamond turning to form the diffractive surface, and the surface equation is as follows:
wherein z is a distance rise from a vertex of the aspheric surface when the aspheric surface is at a position with a height of R along the optical axis direction, C is a curvature, C is 1/R, R represents a curvature radius of the lens surface, R is a radial coordinate of the lens surface in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, k is a conic constant of the lens surface, a is a fourth-order aspheric coefficient of the lens surface, B is a sixth-order aspheric coefficient of the lens surface, and C is an eighth-order aspheric coefficient of the lens surface; HOR is the diffraction order of the lens surface, C1、C2、C3Is the diffraction coefficient of the lens surface, n is the refractive index of the lens optical material, n0Is the refractive index of air, λ0The center wavelength is designed for the optical system.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a long-focus and miniature medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system,
1. the three-component zooming mode is adopted, a 30-time continuous zooming optical system with the size of 20-600 mm is realized, the overall external dimension of the continuous zooming optical system is 264.5mm multiplied by 167mm multiplied by 155mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), the continuous zooming optical system has the characteristics of small optical total length and large zoom ratio, and is suitable for an airborne photoelectric pod system with severe requirements on the volume and weight of the optical system;
2. the zooming curve of the system is smooth and continuous, and has no abrupt point, so that the clamping stagnation phenomenon of the system in the zooming process can be effectively avoided;
3. by adopting the secondary imaging system, the diaphragm is arranged at the exit pupil to ensure that the diaphragm is superposed with the cold diaphragm of the refrigeration infrared detector, so that the system realizes the cold diaphragm efficiency of 100 percent, the beam cutting cannot be caused, the energy loss is reduced, and the system response sensitivity is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the optical path of an optical system of the present invention with a focal length of 600 mm;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the optical path of the optical system of the present invention with a focal length of 300 mm;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the optical path of the optical system of the present invention with a focal length of 20 mm;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the transfer function for an optical system of the present invention having a focal length of 600 mm;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the transfer function for a focal length of 300mm in an optical system according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the transfer function for an optical system of the present invention having a focal length of 20 mm;
FIG. 7 is a dot arrangement diagram of an optical system of the present invention having a focal length of 600 mm;
FIG. 8 is a dot arrangement diagram of an optical system of the present invention having a focal length of 300 mm;
FIG. 9 is a dot arrangement diagram of an optical system of the present invention having a focal length of 20 mm;
FIG. 10 is a graph of field curvature and distortion for an optical system of the present invention having a focal length of 600 mm;
FIG. 11 is a graph of field curvature and distortion for a focal length of 300mm for an optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph of field curvature and distortion for a focal length of 20mm for an optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the phase period and the radial distance of the diffraction element of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a zoom plot of an optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a parameter of each lens of the optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 16 shows aspheric coefficients of S4, S5, S10 and S12;
fig. 17 shows the diffractive aspheric coefficients of S16.
In the figure: 1. a first meniscus positive lens; 2. a first negative meniscus lens; 3. a second negative meniscus lens; 4. a biconvex positive lens; 5. a second meniscus positive lens; 6. a third meniscus positive lens; 7. a first plane mirror; 8. a second planar mirror; 9. a third negative meniscus lens; 10. a fourth meniscus positive lens; 11. an infrared detector.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be explained in detail by the following embodiments, and the purpose of disclosing the invention is to protect all technical improvements within the scope of the present invention, in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., it is only corresponding to the drawings of the present application, and it is convenient to describe the present invention, and it is not intended to indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation.
With reference to fig. 1 to 3, a long-focus and miniaturized medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system comprises a first positive meniscus lens 1, a first negative meniscus lens 2, a second negative meniscus lens 3, a double convex positive lens 4, a second positive meniscus lens 5, a third positive meniscus lens 6, a first plane mirror 7, a second plane mirror 8, a third negative meniscus lens 9, a fourth positive meniscus lens 10 and an infrared detector 11, which are arranged in sequence from an object side to an image side; the first positive meniscus lens 1, the first negative meniscus lens 2, the second negative meniscus lens 3, the double convex positive lens 4, the second positive meniscus lens 5 and the third positive meniscus lens 6 are arranged on the same optical axis; the third negative meniscus lens 9, the fourth positive meniscus lens 10 and the infrared detector 11 are arranged on the same optical axis; according to the requirement, the focal lengths of the first positive meniscus lens 1, the first negative meniscus lens 2, the second negative meniscus lens 3, the double convex positive lens 4, the second positive meniscus lens 5, the third positive meniscus lens 6, the third negative meniscus lens 9 and the fourth positive meniscus lens 10 satisfy the following conditions:
4.1f≤f1≤4.3f，-7.1f≤f2≤-6.8f，-0.90f≤f3≤-0.80f，2.0f≤f4≤2.2f，26.0f≤f5≤27.0f，26.0f≤f6≤27.0f，-13.0f≤f9≤-12.0f，0.9f≤f10≤1.0f；
wherein f is the focal length of the optical system in short focus;
f1is the effective focal length of the first meniscus positive lens 1;
f2is the effective focal length of the first negative meniscus lens 2;
f3is the effective focal length of the second negative meniscus lens 3;
f4the effective focal length of the biconvex positive lens 4;
f5is the effective focal length of the second meniscus positive lens 5;
f6is the effective focal length of the third positive meniscus lens 6;
f9is the effective focal length of the third negative meniscus lens 9;
f10is the effective focal length of the fourth meniscus positive lens 10;
the surface S4 of the first negative meniscus lens 2 facing the first plane reflector 7, the surface S5 of the second negative meniscus lens 3 facing away from the first plane reflector 7, the surface S10 of the second positive meniscus lens 5 facing the first plane reflector 7, and the surface S12 of the third positive meniscus lens 6 facing the first plane reflector 7 are all even aspheric surfaces, and the surface equation is as follows:
wherein z is a distance rise from a vertex of the aspheric surface when the aspheric surface is at a position with a height of R along the optical axis direction, C is a curvature, C is 1/R, R represents a curvature radius of the lens surface, R is a radial coordinate of the lens surface in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, k is a conic constant of the lens surface, a is a fourth-order aspheric coefficient of the lens surface, B is a sixth-order aspheric coefficient of the lens surface, and C is an eighth-order aspheric coefficient of the lens surface;
the surface S16 of the third negative meniscus lens 9 on the side back to the second plane mirror 8 adopts a diffraction aspheric surface, the aspheric surface and the diffraction surface act on the same lens surface, a continuous relief structure is machined on the aspheric surface substrate by diamond turning to form the diffraction surface, and the surface equation is as follows:
wherein z is a distance rise from a vertex of the aspheric surface when the aspheric surface is at a position with a height of R along the optical axis direction, C is a curvature, C is 1/R, R represents a curvature radius of the lens surface, R is a radial coordinate of the lens surface in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, k is a conic constant of the lens surface, a is a fourth-order aspheric coefficient of the lens surface, B is a sixth-order aspheric coefficient of the lens surface, and C is an eighth-order aspheric coefficient of the lens surface; HOR is the diffraction order of the lens surface, C1、C2、C3Is the diffraction coefficient of the lens surface, n is the refractive index of the lens optical material, n0Is the refractive index of air, λ0Designing a center wavelength for the optical system;
the first plane reflector 7 forms an angle of 45 degrees with the optical axis, the mirror surface faces the image space, the second plane reflector 8 forms an angle of 45 degrees with the optical axis, the mirror surface faces the image space, the emergent light of the third positive meniscus lens 6 is reflected by the first plane reflector 7 to enter the second plane reflector 8, and is reflected by the second plane reflector 8 to enter the fourth positive meniscus lens 10; the first plane reflector 7 and the second plane reflector 8 are used for turning the light path, and the light path in the lens is folded into a U shape, so that the longitudinal size of the light path can be reduced, and the system can realize corresponding functions under a shorter length; the first positive meniscus lens 1, the first negative meniscus lens 2 and the second negative meniscus lens 3 are all arranged in a bent way towards the first plane reflector 7; the second positive meniscus lens 5, the third positive meniscus lens 6, the third negative meniscus lens 9 and the fourth positive meniscus lens 10 are all arranged back to the first plane mirror 7; according to the requirements, the optical material of the first positive meniscus lens 1 is a monocrystalline silicon material, the optical material of the first negative meniscus lens 2 is a monocrystalline germanium material, the optical material of the second negative meniscus lens 3 is a monocrystalline germanium material, the optical material of the double-convex positive lens 4 is a zinc selenide material, the optical material of the second positive meniscus lens 5 is a monocrystalline germanium material, the optical material of the third positive meniscus lens 6 is a monocrystalline germanium material, the optical material of the third negative meniscus lens 9 is a monocrystalline germanium material, and the optical material of the fourth positive meniscus lens 10 is a monocrystalline silicon material;
with reference to fig. 14, the second negative meniscus lens 3 is a zoom lens, the focal length change is realized by the second negative meniscus lens 3 independently moving along the optical axis according to a predetermined trajectory, the second negative meniscus lens 3 is far away from the first negative meniscus lens 2 from left to right in the change process from the short focus of 20mm to the long focus of 600mm, and the stroke of the second negative meniscus lens 3 is 64.84 mm; the double convex positive lens 4 is a first compensation lens, the second meniscus positive lens 5 is a second compensation lens, the double convex positive lens 4 and the second meniscus positive lens 5 independently move along an optical axis according to a preset track to compensate defocusing of an image surface caused by movement of a zoom lens, so that clear imaging in a zooming process is realized, the double convex positive lens 4 approaches the first meniscus negative lens 2 from right to left in a changing process from a short focus of 20mm to a long focus of 600mm, the stroke of the double convex positive lens 4 is 35mm, and the second meniscus positive lens 5 firstly moves 10mm to left and then changes direction and moves 15mm to right; the primary image surface is positioned between the first plane reflector 7 and the second plane reflector 8, and a field stop is arranged at the primary image surface, so that the influence of stray light on system imaging can be effectively reduced, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the system is improved; an aperture diaphragm is arranged at the exit pupil and is superposed with a cold diaphragm of the infrared detector, so that the 100% cold diaphragm efficiency is realized, the energy loss of light beams is reduced, and the system sensitivity is improved; when the focal length of the infrared continuous zooming optical system needs to be adjusted from a long focal end to a short focal end, the second negative meniscus lens 3 is enabled to move towards the first negative meniscus lens 2, the focal length of the optical system is reduced, meanwhile, the double convex positive lens 4 moves towards the third positive meniscus lens 6, the second positive meniscus lens 5 moves towards the first negative meniscus lens 2, and when the distance between the double convex positive lens 4 and the second positive meniscus lens 5 is the shortest, the double convex positive lens 4 and the second positive meniscus lens 5 move towards the third positive meniscus lens 6 together, and the focal length of the infrared continuous zooming optical system compensates for the image plane movement caused by the movement of the second negative meniscus lens 3;
in specific optical path transmission, light emitted by infrared radiation of an external scene is converged by a first positive meniscus lens 1, reaches a first negative meniscus lens 2, is diverged by the first negative meniscus lens 2, reaches a second negative meniscus lens 3, is diverged by the second negative meniscus lens 3, reaches a double convex positive lens 4, is converged by the double convex positive lens 4, reaches a second positive meniscus lens 5, is converged by the second positive meniscus lens 5, reaches a third positive meniscus lens 6, is converged by the third positive meniscus lens 6, reaches a first plane reflector 7, is reflected by the first plane reflector 7, reaches a second plane reflector 8, is reflected by the second plane reflector 8, reaches a third negative meniscus lens 9, is diverged by the third negative meniscus lens 9, reaches a fourth positive meniscus lens 10, is converged by the fourth positive meniscus lens 10, and is imaged on an infrared detector 11.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the technical indexes of the optical system are as follows:
adapting the detector: a 640 x 512, 15 μm medium wave refrigerating focal plane detector;
the working wave band is as follows: 3.7-4.8 μm;
relative pore diameter: 1: 4;
focal length: 20 mm-600 mm;
field of view: 27.0 ° × 21.7 ° to 0.9 ° × 0.7 °;
as shown in fig. 15, the detailed data of each lens (including the surface type, the curvature radius, the thickness, the aperture and the material of each lens) when the focal length of the optical system is 20mm to 600mm, wherein the unit of the curvature radius, the thickness and the aperture of the lens is mm, and the curvature radius of the spherical surface and the aspherical surface refers to the curvature radius at the intersection point of the lens surface and the optical axis);
as shown in FIG. 16, aspheric coefficients of a surface S4 of the first negative meniscus lens 2 facing the first plane mirror 7, a surface S5 of the second negative meniscus lens 3 facing away from the first plane mirror 7, a surface S10 of the second positive meniscus lens 5 facing the first plane mirror 7, and a surface S12 of the third positive meniscus lens 6 facing the first plane mirror 7 (shown by scientific notation, e.g., -1.686057 e-009-1.686057 × 10)-9)；
As shown in fig. 17, the diffractive aspheric coefficient of the surface S16 on the side of the third negative meniscus lens 9 facing away from the second plane mirror 8;
through optical design software simulation, as shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, when the spatial frequency is 33lp/mm, the transfer functions of the optical system in the states of the focal lengths of 600mm, 300mm and 20mm are all larger than 0.2;
as shown in fig. 7, 8 and 9, the focal lengths of the optical system are 600mm, 300mm and 20mm, and the diffuse speckle RMS value in each focal length state is equivalent to the pixel size of the detector;
as shown in fig. 10, 11 and 12, the distortion of the optical system is less than 3% in the state of 600mm and 300mm focal length, and less than 5% in the state of 20mm focal length, which meets the application requirements;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the phase period and the radial distance of the diffractive element of the continuous zoom optical system;
as shown in fig. 14, it can be seen from the graph that the zoom curve of the continuous zoom optical system is smooth and continuous, and has no discontinuity, so as to effectively avoid the system from being stuck during zooming.
The invention is not described in detail in the prior art, and it is apparent to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof; the present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (7)
1. A long-focus and miniature medium-wave refrigeration infrared continuous zooming optical system is characterized in that: the infrared detector comprises a first positive meniscus lens (1), a first negative meniscus lens (2), a second negative meniscus lens (3), a double-convex positive lens (4), a second positive meniscus lens (5), a third positive meniscus lens (6), a first plane reflector (7), a second plane reflector (8), a third negative meniscus lens (9), a fourth positive meniscus lens (10) and an infrared detector (11) which are arranged in sequence from an object space to an image space; the first positive meniscus lens (1), the first negative meniscus lens (2), the second negative meniscus lens (3), the double-convex positive lens (4), the second positive meniscus lens (5) and the third positive meniscus lens (6) are arranged on the same optical axis; the third negative meniscus lens (9), the fourth positive meniscus lens (10) and the infrared detector (11) are arranged on the same optical axis;
the first plane reflector (7) and the optical axis form a 45-degree angle, the mirror surface faces the image space, the second plane reflector (8) and the optical axis form a 45-degree angle, the mirror surface faces the image space, the emergent light path of the third positive meniscus lens (6) is reflected by the first plane reflector (7) to enter the second plane reflector (8), and is reflected by the second plane reflector (8) to enter the fourth positive meniscus lens (10); the first positive meniscus lens (1), the first negative meniscus lens (2) and the second negative meniscus lens (3) are all arranged in a way of bending towards the first plane reflector (7); the second positive meniscus lens (5), the third positive meniscus lens (6), the third negative meniscus lens (9) and the fourth positive meniscus lens (10) are all arranged back to the first plane reflector (7);
the second negative meniscus lens (3) is a zoom lens, the focal length change is realized by the movement of the second negative meniscus lens (3) along the optical axis, the double-convex positive lens (4) is a first compensation lens, the second positive meniscus lens (5) is a second compensation lens, and the image plane defocusing caused by the movement of the zoom lens is compensated by the independent movement of the double-convex positive lens (4) and the second positive meniscus lens (5) along the optical axis, so that the clear imaging in the zooming process is realized.
2. The long focal length, miniaturized medium wave refrigeration infrared continuous zoom optical system of claim 1, characterized by: an aperture diaphragm is arranged at the exit pupil, and the aperture diaphragm is superposed with a cold diaphragm of the infrared detector.
3. The long focal length, miniaturized, medium wave refrigeration infrared continuous zoom optical system of claim 1, wherein: the primary image plane is positioned between the first plane mirror (7) and the second plane mirror (8).
4. The long focal length, miniaturized, medium wave refrigeration infrared continuous zoom optical system of claim 1, wherein: the optical material of the first positive meniscus lens (1) is a single-crystal silicon material, the optical material of the first negative meniscus lens (2) is a single-crystal germanium material, the optical material of the second negative meniscus lens (3) is a single-crystal germanium material, the optical material of the double-convex positive lens (4) is a zinc selenide material, the optical material of the second positive meniscus lens (5) is a single-crystal germanium material, the optical material of the third positive meniscus lens (6) is a single-crystal germanium material, the optical material of the third negative meniscus lens (9) is a single-crystal germanium material, and the optical material of the fourth positive meniscus lens (10) is a single-crystal silicon material.
5. The long focal length, miniaturized medium wave refrigeration infrared continuous zoom optical system of claim 1, characterized by: the positive lens of first falcate (1), negative lens of first falcate (2), negative lens of second falcate (3), biconvex positive lens (4), positive lens of second falcate (5), positive lens of third falcate (6), negative lens of third falcate (9), the focus of positive lens of fourth falcate (10) satisfies the following condition:
4.1f≤f1≤4.3f，-7.1f≤f2≤-6.8f，-0.90f≤f3≤-0.80f，2.0f≤f4≤2.2f，26.0f≤f5≤27.0f，26.0f≤f6≤27.0f，-13.0f≤f9≤-12.0f，0.9f≤f10≤1.0f；
wherein f is the focal length of the optical system in short focus;
f1is the effective focal length of the first meniscus positive lens (1);
f2is the effective focal length of the first negative meniscus lens (2);
f3is the effective focal length of the second negative meniscus lens (3);
f4is the effective focal length of the biconvex positive lens (4);
f5is the effective focal length of the second meniscus positive lens (5);
f6is the effective focal length of the third meniscus positive lens (6);
f9is the effective focal length of the third negative meniscus lens (9);
f10is the effective focal length of the fourth meniscus positive lens (10).
6. The long focal length, miniaturized medium wave refrigeration infrared continuous zoom optical system of claim 1, characterized by: the surface S4 of the first negative meniscus lens (2) facing to the first plane reflector (7), the surface S5 of the second negative meniscus lens (3) facing away from the first plane reflector (7), the surface S10 of the second positive meniscus lens (5) facing to the first plane reflector (7), and the surface S12 of the third positive meniscus lens (6) facing to the first plane reflector (7) all adopt even aspheric surfaces, and the surface equation is as follows:
where z is a distance vector from a vertex of the aspheric surface when the aspheric surface is at a position having a height R along the optical axis direction, C is a curvature, C is 1/R, R represents a curvature radius of the lens surface, R is a radial coordinate of the lens surface in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, k is a conic constant of the lens surface, a is a fourth-order aspheric coefficient of the lens surface, B is a sixth-order aspheric coefficient of the lens surface, and C is an eighth-order aspheric coefficient of the lens surface.
7. The long focal length, miniaturized medium wave refrigeration infrared continuous zoom optical system of claim 1, characterized by: the surface S16 of the third negative meniscus lens (9) on the side back to the second plane mirror (8) adopts a diffractive aspheric surface, the aspheric surface and the diffractive surface act on the same lens surface, a continuous relief structure is machined on the aspheric substrate by diamond turning to form the diffractive surface, and the surface equation is as follows:
wherein z is a distance rise from a vertex of the aspheric surface when the aspheric surface is at a position with a height of R along the optical axis direction, C is a curvature, C is 1/R, R represents a curvature radius of the lens surface, R is a radial coordinate of the lens surface in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, k is a conic constant of the lens surface, a is a fourth-order aspheric coefficient of the lens surface, B is a sixth-order aspheric coefficient of the lens surface, and C is an eighth-order aspheric coefficient of the lens surface; HOR is the diffraction order of the lens surface, C1、C2、C3Is the diffraction coefficient of the lens surface, n is the refractive index of the lens optical material, n0Is the refractive index of air, λ0The center wavelength is designed for the optical system.
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| CN115202014A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-10-18 | 昆明物理研究所 | Compact uncooled long-wave infrared continuous zooming optical system |
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