CN210401822U - Compact catadioptric optical system - Google Patents
Compact catadioptric optical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN210401822U CN210401822U CN201921602213.6U CN201921602213U CN210401822U CN 210401822 U CN210401822 U CN 210401822U CN 201921602213 U CN201921602213 U CN 201921602213U CN 210401822 U CN210401822 U CN 210401822U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a compact refraction and reflection type optical system, include: the detector comprises a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a detector assembly and at least one lens, wherein the primary mirror is provided with a central through hole penetrating through the primary mirror; the secondary mirror is opposite to the central through hole and arranged at intervals, and the blocking ratio N of the primary mirror and the secondary mirror meets the following requirements: n is less than or equal to 1/25; the detector assembly and the primary mirror are positioned on the same side of the secondary mirror, and the detector assembly and the secondary mirror are opposite and arranged at intervals; at least one lens is positioned between the secondary mirror and the detector assembly. Adopt the utility model discloses, can improve the compact and roll over anti-formula optical system's compact structure compactness, reduce the compact and roll over anti-formula optical system's volume to can reduce the compact to a great extent and roll over anti-formula optical system's weight, satisfy the lightweight demand of airborne optoelectronic system.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an optical system field especially relates to a compact refraction and reflection type optical system.
Background
With the rapid development of airborne optoelectronic devices, the reconnaissance system of the airborne optoelectronic device has higher and higher requirements on resolution and working distance, and a large-caliber long-focus optical system is an important means for realizing high resolution and long working distance. Because the airborne optoelectronic device has severe requirements on volume, weight and the like, how to realize the compact and light design of the large-aperture optical system is one of the key technologies of the airborne optoelectronic device.
In the related art, the catadioptric system can greatly shorten the length of the optical system by refracting the light path, thereby realizing the compactness and the light weight of the optical system. Among them, the cassegrain system is the most commonly used coaxial reflective system, but since the cassegrain system can bear a very small field of view, the cassegrain system is no longer suitable for a system with a larger field of view.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An embodiment of the utility model provides a compact rolls over anti-formula optical system for roll over the problem that anti-system is bulky, the structure is complicated among the solution prior art.
An embodiment of the utility model provides a compact refraction and reflection type optical system, include:
a primary mirror having a central through hole therethrough;
the secondary mirror is opposite to the central through hole and arranged at intervals, and the blocking ratio N of the primary mirror to the secondary mirror meets the following requirements: n is less than or equal to 1/25;
the detector assembly and the primary mirror are positioned on the same side of the secondary mirror, and the detector assembly and the secondary mirror are opposite and arranged at intervals;
at least one lens positioned between the secondary mirror and the detector assembly.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the secondary mirror is far away from the surface of the detector assembly, and the detector assembly is far away from the distance L between the surfaces of the secondary mirror is satisfied, and L is less than or equal to 280 mm.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the effective clear aperture R of the primary mirror1Satisfies the following conditions: r is more than or equal to 345 mm1≤355㎜；
The aperture R of the central through hole2Satisfies the following conditions: r is more than or equal to 60mm2≤70㎜。
According to some embodiments of the invention, a surface of the primary mirror facing the secondary mirror is a paraboloid, and the paraboloid is convex facing away from the secondary mirror;
the surface of the secondary mirror facing the primary mirror is a hyperboloid, and the hyperboloid is convex facing the primary mirror.
Further, at least one of the parabolic surface and the hyperboloid surface is provided with a high-reflectance film.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the primary mirror is a glass piece, an aluminum piece, or a silicon carbide piece;
the secondary mirror is a glass piece, an aluminum piece or a silicon carbide piece.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in a direction from the secondary mirror to the primary mirror, the at least one lens comprises a first lens, a second lens and a third lens coaxially arranged in that order;
wherein the first lens is convex towards the detector assembly, the second lens is convex towards the secondary mirror, and the third lens is convex towards the secondary mirror.
According to some embodiments of the invention, at least one of the lenses is a germanium single crystal.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the surface of at least one of the lenses comprises an aspheric surface and the surface of at least one of the lenses comprises a binary optical surface.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the detector assembly is a refrigeration type linear detector.
Adopt the embodiment of the utility model provides a, can improve the compact and roll over anti-formula optical system's compact structure compactness, reduce the compact and roll over anti-formula optical system's volume to can reduce the compact weight of rolling over anti-formula optical system to a great extent, satisfy the lightweight demand of airborne optoelectronic system.
The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented according to the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following detailed description of the present invention is given.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a compact catadioptric optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Consider the severe requirement of airborne optoelectronic device to volume, weight to can't be in compromise compactness, lightweight and heavy-calibre, big angle of vision based on current coaxial reflection formula system, the embodiment of the utility model provides a compact catadioptric optical system 1 is proposed through analysis, experiment, research.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a compact catadioptric optical system 1, including: primary mirror 10, secondary mirror 20, at least one lens, and detector assembly 40.
Wherein the main mirror 10 has a central through hole 11 therethrough. The center through hole 11 penetrates the main mirror 10 in the thickness direction of the main mirror 10. The secondary mirrors 20 are arranged opposite to and spaced apart from the central through hole 11. For example, the secondary mirror 20 and the central through hole 11 may be coaxially spaced apart. The obscuration ratio N of the primary mirror 10 to the secondary mirror 20 satisfies: n is less than or equal to 1/25. It should be noted that the "ratio of the obscuration of the primary mirror 10 to the secondary mirror 20" referred to herein is understood to mean the ratio of the larger of the area of the secondary mirror 20 to the area of the central through hole 11 to the area of the primary mirror 10. For example, when the area of the secondary mirror 20 is smaller than the area of the central through hole 11, the "obscuration ratio of the primary mirror 10 to the secondary mirror 20" is the ratio of the area of the central through hole 11 to the area of the primary mirror 10. The "area of the main mirror 10" includes the area of the central through hole 11.
As shown in FIG. 1, detector assembly 40 is located on the same side of secondary mirror 20 as primary mirror 10, and detector assembly 40 is spaced apart from and opposite secondary mirror 20. For example, the detector assembly 40 may be coaxially spaced from the secondary mirror 20. At least one lens is positioned between the secondary mirror 20 and the detector assembly 40. It should be noted that the meaning of "at least one lens is located between the secondary mirror 20 and the detector assembly 40" here is: the number of lenses may be one or more and all of the lenses are located between the secondary mirror 20 and the detector assembly 40.
After the light irradiates the primary mirror 10, the light is reflected to the secondary mirror 20 through the primary mirror 10, the light incident to the secondary mirror 20 is reflected to the lens again, and the light enters the detector assembly 40 after sequentially passing through the lens, and forms an image on a focal plane of the detector assembly 40.
The utility model discloses compact refraction and reflection type optical system 1 has simple structure, compact advantage, can reduce compact refraction and reflection type optical system 1's volume to can reduce compact refraction and reflection type optical system 1's weight, satisfy the lightweight demand of airborne optoelectronic system.
On the basis of the above-described embodiment, various modified embodiments are further proposed, and it is to be noted herein that, in order to make the description brief, only the differences from the above-described embodiment are described in the various modified embodiments.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the distance L between the surface of the secondary mirror 20 away from the detector assembly 40, and the surface of the detector assembly 40 away from the secondary mirror 20, satisfies: l is less than or equal to 280 mm. In other words, the furthest distance between the secondary mirror 20 and the detector assembly 40 is less than or equal to 280 millimeters. Thereby, a small size of the compact catadioptric optical system 1 in the axial direction can be ensured. For example, the surface of the secondary mirror 20 away from the detector assembly 40 and the surface of the detector assembly 40 away from the secondary mirror 20 are both planar surfaces, and the distance between the two planar surfaces is less than or equal to 280 mm.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the effective clear aperture R of the primary mirror 101Satisfies the following conditions: r is more than or equal to 345 mm1Less than or equal to 355 mm. This ensures a small cross-sectional size of the compact catadioptric optical system 1. Further, the aperture R of the central through hole 112Satisfies the following conditions: r is more than or equal to 60mm2Is less than or equal to 70 mm. Therefore, the compact catadioptric optical system 1 can meet the requirement of large-caliber arrangement, and the requirement of large-caliber of airborne photoelectric equipment is met.
As shown in fig. 1, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the surface of the primary mirror 10 facing the secondary mirror 20 is a paraboloid, and the paraboloid is convex in a direction away from the secondary mirror 20. The surface of the secondary mirror 20 facing the primary mirror 10 is a hyperboloid, and the hyperboloid is convex toward the primary mirror 10. Therefore, the light rays can be converged to the secondary mirror 20 after entering the primary mirror 10, and converged to the lens after passing through the secondary mirror 20.
Further, at least one of the paraboloid and the hyperboloid is provided with a high-reflectance film. For example, one of the paraboloid and the hyperboloid is provided with a high-reflectance film. As another example, both parabolic and hyperbolic surfaces are provided with high reflectivity films. A high reflectivity film is a thin film that can increase the reflectivity of a parabolic and/or hyperbolic surface.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the primary mirror 10 may be a glass piece, an aluminum piece, or a silicon carbide piece. The secondary mirror 20 may also be a glass piece, an aluminum piece, or a silicon carbide piece.
As shown in fig. 1, according to some embodiments of the present invention, in a direction from the secondary mirror 20 to the primary mirror 10, at least one lens includes a first lens 31, a second lens 32, and a third lens 33 coaxially disposed in this order. Wherein the first lens 31 is convex toward the detector assembly 40, the second lens 32 is convex toward the secondary mirror 20, and the third lens 33 is convex toward the secondary mirror 20.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the at least one lens is a germanium single crystal. For example, all lenses are germanium monocrystals. Here, the lens is merely an embodiment, and is not limited to the lens. The lens may be an infrared device, and for example, the lens may be an infrared structural member such as a silicon device, a zinc selenide device, or a zinc sulfide device. The selection of the first lens 31, the second lens 32 and the third lens 33 can be selected according to actual requirements.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the surface of the at least one lens comprises an aspheric surface and the surface of the at least one lens comprises a binary optical surface. For example, the surface of the first lens 31 facing the detector assembly 40 may be aspheric, the surface of the third lens 33 facing the detector assembly 40 may be aspheric, the surfaces on both sides of the second lens 32 may be aspheric, and the surface of the second lens 32 facing the detector assembly 40 may also be a binary optical surface.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, detector assembly 40 may be a refrigeration-type in-line detector. The cooling type linear array detector is a staring direction in the Y direction and a scanning direction in the X direction, and by rotating the entire compact catadioptric optical system 1 around the Y axis, scanning imaging in the X direction can be realized, and the field angle of the compact catadioptric optical system 1 can be further enlarged by the scanning imaging method.
A compact catadioptric optical system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 as a specific embodiment. It is to be understood that the following description is illustrative only and is not intended as a specific limitation on the invention. All adopt the utility model discloses a similar structure and similar change all should be listed in the protection scope of the utility model.
As shown in fig. 1, the compact catadioptric optical system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: primary mirror 10, secondary mirror 20, detector assembly 40, first lens 31, second lens 32, and third lens 33.
The primary mirror 10 may be a glass member, an aluminum member, or a silicon carbide member. The effective clear aperture of the primary mirror 10 is 350 mm. The primary mirror 10 has a parabolic surface with a radius of curvature of-609.25 mm. Note that, the minus sign in "the curvature radius of the paraboloid is-609.25" here means that the curvature center is located on the left side of the main mirror 10, and the minus sign referred to hereinafter also means direction. The paraboloid is provided with a high-reflectivity film. The specular reflection level of the primary mirror 10 is-1. The main mirror 10 has a center through hole 11, and the center through hole 11 penetrates the main mirror 10 along the center axis of the main mirror 10. The aperture of the central through hole 11 is 65 mm.
As shown in fig. 1, the secondary mirror 20 is located on the parabolic side of the primary mirror 10 and spaced apart from the primary mirror 10. The paraboloid is convex in a direction away from the secondary mirror 20. The secondary mirror 20 is disposed coaxially with the central through hole 11. The side of the secondary mirror 20 facing the primary mirror 10 is hyperboloid, which is convex toward the primary mirror 10. The radius of curvature of the hyperboloid is-137.28 mm. The hyperboloid is provided with a high reflectivity film. The secondary mirror 20 has a specular reflection rating of-4.25. The secondary mirror 20 may be a glass piece, an aluminum piece, or a silicon carbide piece. The effective clear aperture of the secondary mirror 20 is 60 mm. The effective clear aperture of the secondary mirror 20 is slightly smaller than the aperture of the central through hole 11.
The obscuration ratio N of the primary mirror 10 to the secondary mirror 20 satisfies: n is less than or equal to 1/29. It should be noted that the "obscuration ratio of the primary mirror 10 to the secondary mirror 20" referred to herein may be understood as a ratio of the area of the central through hole 11 to the area of the primary mirror 10. The "area of the main mirror 10" includes the area of the central through hole 11.
As shown in FIG. 1, the detector assembly 40 is located on the same side of the secondary mirror 20 as the primary mirror 10, the detector assembly 40 is spaced apart from the secondary mirror 20, and the detector assembly 40 is disposed coaxially with the secondary mirror 20. One end of the probe assembly 40 extends into the central bore 11. The detector assembly 40 is a cryogenic line detector. The cooling type linear array detector is a staring direction in the Y direction and a scanning direction in the X direction, and by rotating the entire compact catadioptric optical system 1 around the Y axis, scanning imaging in the X direction can be realized, and the field angle of the compact catadioptric optical system 1 can be further enlarged by the scanning imaging method.
In the direction from the secondary mirror 20 to the detector assembly 40, the first lens 31, the second lens 32 and the third lens 33 are sequentially arranged at intervals, and the first lens 31, the second lens 32 and the third lens 33 are coaxially arranged. Wherein the first lens 31 is convex toward the detector assembly 40, the second lens 32 is convex toward the secondary mirror 20, and the third lens 33 is convex toward the secondary mirror 20. The radius of curvature of the surface of the first lens 31 facing the secondary mirror 20 is-20.65 mm, the radius of curvature of the surface of the first lens 31 facing the detector assembly 40 is-27.78 mm, the aperture of the first lens 31 is 40mm, and the thickness at the center of the first lens 31 is 13 mm. The radius of curvature of the surface of the second lens 32 facing the secondary mirror 20 is 40.6mm, the radius of curvature of the surface of the second lens 32 facing the detector assembly 40 is 35.73mm, the aperture of the lens of the second lens 32 is 36mm, and the thickness at the center of the second lens 32 is 12 mm. The radius of curvature of the surface of third lens 33 facing secondary mirror 20 is 39.44mm, the radius of curvature of the surface of third lens 33 facing detector assembly 40 is 51.86mm, the aperture of the optic of third lens 33 is 28mm, and the thickness at the center of third lens 33 is 9 mm.
The surfaces of the first lens 31 facing the detector assembly 40, the third lens 33 facing the detector assembly 40, and the second lens 32 on both sides are aspheric. Moreover, the surface of the second lens 32 facing the detector assembly 40 is also a binary optical surface. The distance between the first lens 31 and the second lens 32 is greater than the distance between the second lens 32 and the third lens 33. The first lens 31, the second lens 32, and the third lens 33 are each a germanium single crystal. The distance L between the surface of the secondary mirror 20 away from the detector assembly 40 and the surface of the detector assembly 40 away from the secondary mirror 20 is satisfied, and L is less than or equal to 280 mm. In other words, the longest distance between the secondary mirror 20 and the detector assembly 40 is 280 millimeters or less.
After infrared radiation light rays emitted by the target scenery irradiate the primary mirror 10, the infrared radiation light rays are reflected to the secondary mirror 20 through the primary mirror 10, the light rays incident to the secondary mirror 20 are reflected to the first lens 31, and enter the detector assembly 40 after sequentially passing through the first lens 31, the second lens 32 and the third lens 33, and images are formed on a focal plane of the detector assembly 40. The wavelength of the light in the compact catadioptric optical system 1 is between 8-12 microns.
The utility model discloses compact refraction and reflection type optical system 1's focus can reach 700 millimeters, and the F number can reach 2, measures through the emulation moreover, and total length focal length ratio can keep within 0.4 (including 0.4), and the distortion also can be controlled within 0.5 percent (including 0.5 percent).
The utility model discloses compact refraction and reflection type optical system 1, utilize the refraction, material collocation, the aspheric surface, multiple optical technologies such as binary optical surface, reasonable optimization distribution focal power, satisfying the high resolution of system, when long range, can realize the heavy-calibre, moreover, compact structure, block than little, total length focal length is than advantages such as little, optical system's length can be shortened greatly, thereby lighten system's total weight greatly, make the system more can satisfy the light-weighted demand of airborne photoelectric system, and it is good to have the imaging quality, the transmissivity loss is little, the image contrast is high, the characteristics that the distortion is low. Meanwhile, the system adopts a linear array refrigeration type infrared detector, wherein the Y direction is a staring direction, the X direction is a scanning direction, the scanning imaging in the X direction is realized through the rotation of the whole compact catadioptric optical system 1 around the Y axis, and the scanning imaging can further expand the field angle of the compact catadioptric optical system 1.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Furthermore, in the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A compact catadioptric optical system, comprising:
a primary mirror having a central through hole therethrough;
the secondary mirror is opposite to the central through hole and arranged at intervals, and the blocking ratio N of the primary mirror to the secondary mirror meets the following requirements: n is less than or equal to 1/25;
the detector assembly and the primary mirror are positioned on the same side of the secondary mirror, and the detector assembly and the secondary mirror are opposite and arranged at intervals;
at least one lens positioned between the secondary mirror and the detector assembly.
2. The compact catadioptric optical system of claim 1, wherein a distance L between a surface of the secondary mirror distal to the detector assembly and a surface of the detector assembly distal to the secondary mirror satisfies: l is less than or equal to 280 mm.
3. The compact catadioptric optical system of claim 1, wherein the effective clear aperture R of the primary mirror1Satisfies the following conditions: r is more than or equal to 345 mm1≤355㎜；
The aperture R of the central through hole2Satisfies the following conditions: r is more than or equal to 60mm2≤70㎜。
4. The compact catadioptric optical system of claim 1, wherein a surface of the primary mirror facing the secondary mirror is a paraboloid, and the paraboloid is convex in a direction away from the secondary mirror;
the surface of the secondary mirror facing the primary mirror is a hyperboloid, and the hyperboloid is convex facing the primary mirror.
5. The compact catadioptric optical system of claim 4, wherein at least one of the parabolic surface and the hyperbolic surface is provided with a high-reflectivity film.
6. The compact catadioptric optical system of claim 1, wherein the primary mirror is a glass piece, an aluminum piece, or a silicon carbide piece;
the secondary mirror is a glass piece, an aluminum piece or a silicon carbide piece.
7. The compact catadioptric optical system of claim 1, wherein the at least one lens includes a first lens, a second lens, and a third lens coaxially arranged in this order in a direction from the secondary mirror to the primary mirror;
wherein the first lens is convex towards the detector assembly, the second lens is convex towards the secondary mirror, and the third lens is convex towards the secondary mirror.
8. The compact catadioptric optical system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the lenses is a single crystal of germanium.
9. The compact catadioptric optical system of claim 1, wherein the surface of at least one of the lenses comprises an aspheric surface and the surface of at least one of the lenses comprises a binary optical surface.
10. The compact catadioptric optical system of claim 1, wherein the detector assembly is a cryogenic linear detector.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201921602213.6U CN210401822U (en) | 2019-09-25 | 2019-09-25 | Compact catadioptric optical system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201921602213.6U CN210401822U (en) | 2019-09-25 | 2019-09-25 | Compact catadioptric optical system |
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| CN210401822U true CN210401822U (en) | 2020-04-24 |
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| CN201921602213.6U Active CN210401822U (en) | 2019-09-25 | 2019-09-25 | Compact catadioptric optical system |
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