CN115199649B - 滑动构件以及其制造方法 - Google Patents

滑动构件以及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN115199649B
CN115199649B CN202210343756.0A CN202210343756A CN115199649B CN 115199649 B CN115199649 B CN 115199649B CN 202210343756 A CN202210343756 A CN 202210343756A CN 115199649 B CN115199649 B CN 115199649B
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base material
porous base
sliding surface
backing layer
resin material
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CN115199649A (zh
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山本绚子
伊藤良文
渡边纪仁
井上大嵩
松冈明宏
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Daido Metal Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种为了使用于冷冻机等的压缩机的滑动构件的滑动面的端缘的抗咬合性发生变化的简易方法。一种滑动构件的制造方法，该滑动构件是冷冻机用压缩机的滑动构件，该滑动构件是使树脂材料浸含于由青铜类合金构成的多孔基体材料而成的，在该滑动构件的滑动面多孔基体材料与树脂材料共同暴露，该滑动构件的制造方法具备：准备金属衬背层的步骤；在金属衬背层的表面层叠青铜类合金的颗粒，通过烧结形成多孔基体材料的步骤；使树脂材料向多孔基体材料浸含的步骤；使该金属衬背层的端缘向远离滑动面的方向变形的步骤；以及切削浸含有树脂材料的多孔基体材料，形成滑动面的步骤。

Description

滑动构件以及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于冷冻机用压缩机的滑动构件以及其制造方法的改良。
背景技术
用于冷冻机用压缩机的滑动构件具备金属衬背层以及滑动层。滑动层由多孔基体材料与含浸于其中的树脂材料构成。多孔基体材料是层叠青铜类合金的颗粒并且对其进行烧结而成的结构。树脂材料是四氟乙烯类合成树脂与润滑剂的复合物质，与近来的无氯冷冻机用制冷剂相对应。
在专利文献1中提出了在这样的滑动构件的滑动面中，使由青铜类合金构成的多孔基体材料与树脂材料共同暴露，并且将多孔基体材料的暴露面积比例设为5％以上且为60％以下。
此外，在专利文献2中提出了用比由青铜类合金构成的多孔基体材料抗咬合性高的材料来构成滑动构件的滑动面的端缘。通过用抗咬合性高的材料来形成滑动构件的滑动面的端缘，能预防因单侧接触而引起的咬合等不良状况。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2006-132540号公报
专利文献2：日本特开2020-193626号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
由于用比由青铜类合金构成的多孔基体材料抗咬合性高的材料来构成滑动构件的滑动面的端缘，因此在专利文献2所公开的技术中，构成滑动面的中央部的第一材料与构成端缘的第二材料不同。如专利文献2所述，为了用不同的材料形成滑动面的中央部与滑动面的端缘，可以考虑在用第一材料形成滑动面的中央部后，用第二材料形成其端缘。
执行这样的双色成型工作量较大。
技术方案
因此，本发明的发明人对提高滑动构件的滑动面的端缘的抗咬合性的方法进行了研究。然后，研究了利用烧结青铜类合金的颗粒而成的多孔基体材料在其厚度方向上密度不同，来提高抗咬合性的简易方法。即，注意到了多孔基体材料在其表面密度最小，随着变深其密度变大。
在滑动构件的多孔基体材料中填充有树脂材料，因此如果多孔基体材料的密度变小，则树脂材料的密度变大，由此，其抗咬合性提高。着眼于这样的多孔基体材料的特性，想到了该发明。
在制造使树脂材料含浸于由青铜类合金构成的多孔基体材料而成且在其滑动面多孔基体材料与树脂材料共同暴露的滑动构件时，首先准备金属衬背层3，之后预先使金属衬背层3的端缘4凹陷(预先向远离滑动面S的方向变形)(参照图1A、图3B)。向如此加工过的金属衬背层3的整个表面以比预定的滑动层10(参照图3B)厚的方式均匀地层叠青铜类合金的颗粒5，对其进行烧结制成多孔基体材料7。(参照图1B)。之后，使树脂材料9含浸(图2)。
接着，如图3A所示，在面K处切割含浸有树脂材料9的多孔基体材料7。该面K是位于与金属衬背层3的轴等距的面。
金属衬背层的变形优选在使树脂材料向多孔基体材料含浸后进行，但也可以在形成多孔基体材料前进行，还可以在多孔基体材料的形成与树脂材料的含浸之间进行。
此外，在图1的例子中，将端缘4设为倾斜面，但可以在端缘4与其他部分(中央部)之间设置台阶，从该台阶起设置倾斜而形成端缘4。也可以将从台阶至顶端设为平坦(与中央部平行)。
被切割的面成为滑动面S(参照图3B)。
在该滑动面S中，在与金属衬背层3的端缘4对应的端缘SE与中央部SC处多孔基体材料7的厚度不同，前者比后者厚。
在此，多孔基体材料7随着趋向表面侧而密度变小，因此，滑动面S的端缘SE相比于中央部SC，多孔基体材料7的密度小。
换而言之，相比于滑动面S的中央部SC，在其端缘SE处的多孔基体材料7的暴露面积比例小。
其结果是，不特别改变材料，换而言之，不进行双色成型，就能使该端缘SE的抗咬合性相比于中央部SC的抗咬合性提高。
综上所述，该发明的第一方面能如下规定。
一种滑动构件的制造方法，所述滑动构件是使树脂材料含浸于由青铜类合金构成的多孔基体材料而成的，在其滑动面所述多孔基体材料与所述树脂材料共同暴露，所述滑动构件的制造方法具备：
准备金属衬背层的步骤；
在所述金属衬背层的表面层叠所述青铜类合金的颗粒，通过烧结形成所述多孔基体材料的步骤；
使所述树脂材料向所述多孔基体材料含浸的步骤；
使该金属衬背层的端缘向远离所述滑动面的方向变形的步骤；以及
切削含浸有所述树脂材料的多孔基体材料，形成滑动面的步骤。
如此制造的滑动构件，从其构造上来看被如下规定。
一种滑动构件，使树脂材料含浸于由青铜类合金构成的多孔基体材料而成，在其滑动面所述多孔基体材料与所述树脂材料共同暴露，在所述滑动构件中，相比于所述滑动面的中央部，在其端缘处的所述多孔基体材料的暴露面积比例小。
根据如此规定的滑动构件，在滑动面的端缘处多孔基体材料的暴露面积比例小，滑动性提高。其结果是，能防止由于单侧接触而导致的咬合等。
需要说明的是，通过除了所述的第一方面的制造方法以外的制造方法，也能控制滑动面中的多孔基体材料的暴露面积比例。例如，能通过使构成滑动面的端缘的青铜类合金颗粒的粒径比构成滑动面的中央部的青铜类合金颗粒的粒径大，来使在端缘的多孔基体材料的暴露面积比例小。
根据本发明的发明人的研究，在滑动面处，应当减小其多孔基体材料的暴露面积比例的端缘的宽度优选设为5mm以下。通过设为5mm以下，能有效地防止由于单侧接触而导致的咬合等。若超过5mm，则滑动面整体的耐久性可能会降低。
从另一个角度看，能将端缘的宽度设为滑动面整体的10～90％。
端缘与中央部的边界无法以划线的方式明确表现，但例如能将暴露面积比例比中央部少5％以上的区域设为端缘。
附图说明
图1是表示在该发明的滑动构件的制造方法中所准备的金属衬背层(A)和形成于该金属衬背层的表面的多孔基体材料(B)的示意图。
图2是表示使树脂材料含浸于同上的多孔基体材料的状态的示意图。
图3(A)表示对于使树脂材料含浸于多孔基体材料而成的材料的切割面K，将切割后的构造示于图3(B)。
图4是表示多孔基体材料的深度与暴露面积比例的曲线图。
附图标记说明
3金属衬背层、
4端缘、
5青铜类合金颗粒、
7多孔基体材料、
9树脂材料、
S滑动面、
SE端缘、
SC中央部。
具体实施方式
金属衬背层3是由钢材构成的构件。根据所应用的冷冻机用压缩机适当选择该金属衬背层3的径、长度以及厚度。
在该例子中，对金属衬背层3的两端缘4实施所谓的凸面加工而使其凹陷，成为远离滑动面的方向的倾斜面。端缘4的长度可以任意地设计，但优选的是设为5mm以下。
端缘4的赋形方法将在后文加以记述。
例如准备平板状的钢板作为金属衬背层，在其表面层叠青铜类合金颗粒。只要能层叠青铜类合金颗粒，对成为金属衬背层的钢板的形状不做特别限定。
能根据滑动构件所要求的特性任意地选择由铜-锡合金构成的青铜类合金颗粒的粒径，但其平均粒径能设为50～200μm。使用的颗粒不仅可以是正球状，也可以是不同的形状。
能根据金属衬背层3的材质、要求的厚度任意地选择层叠的方法，例如在金属衬背层3的表面散布青铜类合金颗粒，之后用刮刀等使厚度均匀。
层叠青铜类合金颗粒后，在维持其颗粒的形状的条件下烧结。由此，颗粒彼此熔接构成多孔基体材料7。该多孔基体材料7也熔接于金属衬背层3。
如此形成的多孔基体材料7如图1(B)所示意性示出的那样，随着从金属衬背层3侧趋向表面侧其密度逐渐变小。
图4表示多孔基体材料7的厚度与暴露面积比例的关系。曲线图的横轴表示从表面削切含浸有树脂材料9的多孔基体材料7的厚度(μm)，纵轴表示其削切时的暴露面积比例(％)。在图4中上侧的线表示金属衬背层3的中央部的值，下侧的线表示端缘4的值。暴露面积比例(％)能通过对削切的深度处的表面的图像进行拍摄，对多孔基体材料7的部分与其他的部分的亮度的差进行二值化处理，根据其面积比例来求取。
需要说明的是，为了获得图4的结果，向钢材制金属衬背层3的表面散布青铜类合金颗粒至300μm厚度，并且用刮刀等使厚度均匀。之后，在还原气氛中以900℃×20分的条件烧结。之后，对切削含浸有树脂材料9的多孔基体材料7至各个深度而获得的表面进行图像处理，计算出各个深度处的暴露面积比例。
以填埋图1的(B)中示出的多孔基体材料7的空隙的方式进行含浸的树脂材料9能根据滑动构件的用途任意地进行选择。
优选的是，采用氟树脂等耐久性优异的合成树脂作为树脂材料9的母材的树脂。优选的是，该树脂材料9中含有润滑剂、耐磨剂。作为润滑剂，可以列举出二硫化钼等固体润滑剂。作为耐磨剂，可以列举出像硫酸钡那样的无机材料、金属材料等。
使由如此准备的氟树脂构成的树脂材料9向多孔基体材料7含浸。
通过加热等方法烧成含浸后的该树脂材料9。
由此，获得了在多孔基体材料7的孔(空隙)填埋有树脂材料9的结构体(混合体)(参照图2)。根据图4，当从表面削切120μm时，在其表面的多孔基体材料7的暴露面积比例为60％。
如此在平板状的金属衬背层3的表面层叠有多孔基体材料7与树脂材料9的混合体。将其切割为产品宽度，形成第一中间体。以混合体作为内周面侧的方式将该第一中间体赋形为圆筒形。使赋形为圆筒形的第一中间体的端缘向外周面侧即以远离滑动面的方式变形，对端缘进行赋形，从而形成第二中间体。需要说明的是，也可以通过预先使第一中间体的端缘变形来获得第二中间体。
将这样的第二中间体压入于冷冻机等的压缩机的外壳。然后，按照图3(A)所示，在K面切割其内周面。被切割的面成为滑动面S。若以使金属衬背层3的中央部的削切深度为60μm的方式设定K面，则根据图4的例子，相对于在滑动面S的中央部SC的暴露面积比例为33％，在滑动面S的端缘SE的暴露面积比例不足20％。
需要说明的是，能根据图4的结果任意地选择在滑动面的暴露面积比例。
实施例
将外径尺寸为40mm、厚度2mm、长度35mm的钢材制的圆筒作为金属衬背层3，在其内周面的两端缘在轴向实施了5mm宽度的凸面加工。在最端部的切削深度为20μm。
准备青铜类合金颗粒，并且层叠于金属衬背层3的整个区域。
层叠的厚度为300μm。
之后，在还原气氛中以900℃×20分的条件烧结，使颗粒之间的表面熔接。
对于树脂材料9的树脂基质而言，采用了旭硝子株式会社生产的“CD097”PTFE，对于润滑剂而言，采用了二硫化钼。两者的配合比为85：15。
向树脂基质分散润滑剂，将其含浸于多孔基体材料。之后，进行加热处理，烧成树脂材料。
烧成后，以在金属衬背层3的中央部处多孔基体材料7的削切深度为60μm的方式，切削多孔基体材料7与树脂材料9的混合体，形成滑动面S。在这样的滑动面S的中央部SC的多孔基体材料7的暴露面积比例为33％。另一方面，在端缘SE的暴露面积比例为18％。在该例子中采用了在端缘SE的中央的暴露面积比例，但也可以采用端缘SE的整个区域的平均值。
多孔基体材料7的切削面K设为存在于以滑动构件的轴心为中心的虚拟圆筒面，切削后的面成为滑动面S。需要说明的是，能对滑动面S的端缘SE进行进一步的凸面加工。优选的是，使通过这样的凸面加工形成的倾斜面的倾斜角比在金属衬背层3形成的端缘4的倾斜面的倾斜角小。这是为了更可靠地使在该端缘SE的多孔基体材料7的密度比中央部SC的多孔基体材料7的密度小。
该发明不受上述发明的实施方式的说明任何限定。在不脱离技术方案的范围的记载并且本领域技术人员能容易想到的范围内，各种变形方案也包含于该发明。使用了本发明的滑动构件的轴承机构使用装置发挥优异的滑动特性。

Claims (13)

1.一种滑动构件，所述滑动构件是使树脂材料含浸于由青铜类合金构成的多孔基体材料而成的，在所述滑动构件的滑动面所述多孔基体材料与所述树脂材料共同暴露，在所述滑动构件中，
相比于所述滑动面的中央部，在所述滑动面的端缘处的所述多孔基体材料的暴露面积比例小，
所述滑动面的构成所述端缘的所述多孔基体材料比除此以外的部分厚。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滑动构件，其中，
所述端缘的宽度为5mm以下。
3.根据权利要求1所述的滑动构件，其中，
所述多孔基体材料形成于金属衬背层的表面，所述金属衬背层在支撑所述端缘的部分向远离所述滑动面的方向变形。
4.一种滑动构件的制造方法，所述滑动构件是使树脂材料含浸于由青铜类合金构成的多孔基体材料而成的，在所述滑动构件的滑动面所述多孔基体材料与所述树脂材料共同暴露，所述滑动构件的制造方法具备：
准备金属衬背层的步骤；
多孔基体材料形成步骤，在所述金属衬背层的表面层叠所述青铜类合金的颗粒，通过烧结形成所述多孔基体材料；
含浸步骤，使所述树脂材料向所述多孔基体材料含浸；
变形步骤，使该金属衬背层的端缘向远离所述滑动面的方向变形；和
切削步骤，切削含浸有所述树脂材料的多孔基体材料，形成滑动面。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制造方法，其中，
所述变形步骤在所述含浸步骤之后进行。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制造方法，其中，
所述变形步骤在所述含浸步骤之前进行。
7.根据权利要求4所述的制造方法，其中，
在所述含浸步骤之后，
将具备含浸有所述树脂材料的所述多孔基体材料的所述金属衬背层切割为产品宽度，形成第一中间体，
将所述第一中间体成型为规定的圆筒形，使端缘向远离滑动面的方向变形，形成第二中间体，
切削在所述第二中间体含浸有所述树脂材料的多孔基体材料，形成滑动面。
8.根据权利要求4所述的制造方法，其中，
在所述含浸步骤之后，
将具备含浸有所述树脂材料的所述多孔基体材料的所述金属衬背层切割为产品宽度，形成第一中间体，
使所述第一中间体的端缘向远离滑动面的方向变形，
使该变形的第一中间体形成规定的圆筒形，形成第二中间体，
切削在该第二中间体含浸有所述树脂材料的多孔基体材料，形成滑动面。
9.一种滑动装置的制造方法，所述滑动装置具备：滑动构件，所述滑动构件是使树脂材料含浸于由青铜类合金构成的多孔基体材料而成的，在所述滑动构件的滑动面所述多孔基体材料与所述树脂材料共同暴露；和外壳，所述滑动装置的制造方法具备：
准备金属衬背层的步骤；
多孔基体材料形成步骤，在所述金属衬背层的表面层叠所述青铜类合金的颗粒，通过烧结形成所述多孔基体材料；
含浸步骤，使所述树脂材料向所述多孔基体材料含浸；
变形步骤，使该金属衬背层的端缘向远离所述滑动面的方向变形；
压入步骤，将所述金属衬背层压入于所述外壳；和
切削步骤，切削含浸有所述树脂材料的多孔基体材料，形成滑动面。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制造方法，其中，
所述变形步骤在所述含浸步骤之后进行。
11.根据权利要求9所述的制造方法，其中，
所述变形步骤在所述含浸步骤之前进行。
12.根据权利要求9所述的制造方法，其中，
在所述含浸步骤之后，
将具备含浸有所述树脂材料的所述多孔基体材料的所述金属衬背层切割为产品宽度，形成第一中间体，
将所述第一中间体成型为规定的圆筒形，使端缘向远离滑动面的方向变形，形成第二中间体，
在所述压入步骤中，将所述第二中间体的金属衬背层压入于所述外壳。
13.根据权利要求9所述的制造方法，其中，
在所述含浸步骤之后，
将具备含浸有所述树脂材料的所述多孔基体材料的所述金属衬背层切割为产品宽度，形成第一中间体，
使所述第一中间体的端缘向远离滑动面的方向变形，
使该变形的第一中间体形成规定的圆筒形，形成第二中间体，
切削在该第二中间体含浸有所述树脂材料的多孔基体材料，形成滑动面，
在所述压入步骤中，将所述第二中间体的金属衬背层压入于所述外壳。
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