CN115198149A - Heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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Abstract
The application discloses a heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of alloy materials. The heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: 6.0 to 7.5 percent of Si, 0.13 to 0.38 percent of Mg0.20 percent of Fe, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.005 to 0.01 percent of Sc, 0.08 to 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Cr0.05 to 0.15 percent of V, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Zr, and 0.01 percent of Cu; the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurities is not more than 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurities is not more than 0.2 percent. The heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy can replace the traditional die-casting aluminum alloy material needing heat treatment in the automobile industry, can obtain high strength and high toughness without heat treatment, and can meet the die-casting molding requirement of large automobile structural parts while reducing the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of alloy materials, in particular to a heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The die-casting aluminum alloy is formed by filling molten aluminum alloy liquid into a cavity of a steel mold at a high speed under the action of high pressure and solidifying the aluminum alloy liquid under the pressure. Die-casting aluminum alloyIts advantages are high quality and productivity, high size precision of cast, high surface finish, high strength and hardness, and high productivity. Because the die-casting aluminum part has the advantages of accurate size, smooth surface and the like, the die-casting aluminum part is generally used directly without mechanical processing or has small processing amount, the metal utilization rate is improved, a large amount of processing equipment and working hours are reduced, and the preparation cost of the casting is reduced. The aluminum alloy die-casting product is mainly used for electronics, automobiles, motors, household appliances, some communication industries and the like, and has high performance, high precision, high toughness and high qualityAluminium alloyThe product is also used in the industries with higher requirements such as large airplanes, ships and the like. With the rapid development of automobile, aerospace and computer industries in recent years, higher requirements are put on the performance of cast aluminum alloy, and the development of high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy castings is a current research hotspot. The die-casting aluminum alloy adopted by the existing automobile structural part is basically AlSi10MnMg aluminum alloy, and the die-casting aluminum alloy can obtain excellent mechanical property after being subjected to T6 or T7 heat treatment so as to meet the use requirement of the automobile structural part. However, the automobile structural member is generally a complex thin-walled casting, when the automobile structural member is subjected to high-temperature heat treatment, due to the fact that the defects such as size deformation and surface bubbles are prone to occur due to non-uniform temperature and stress, the surface quality and the size precision of the automobile structural member are affected, the requirements for the size precision and the assembly can be met only by machining or reshaping, meanwhile, the heat treatment equipment generally occupies a large area, and the manufacturing cost is high. Therefore, the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy which does not need heat treatment is developed to meet the requirements of dimensional accuracy and assembly of large die-casting parts.
With the increase of the yield of the primary aluminum, which causes the increase of the amount of the waste aluminum pieces and the waste aluminum materials, the modern technology has the advantages that the quality of the secondary aluminum is not inferior to that of the primary aluminum alloy with the same components, the energy consumption of each ton of the secondary aluminum is only about 5 percent of that of the primary aluminum prepared from ores, and the production cost is greatly superior. Therefore, the remelting casting of the secondary aluminum into the aluminum casting can recycle resources and reduce production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the technology, the heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof provided by the application can replace the traditional die-casting aluminum alloy material needing heat treatment in the automobile industry, can obtain high strength and high toughness without heat treatment, and can meet the die-casting molding requirement of large automobile structural members while reducing the production cost.
The application provides a heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: 6.0 to 7.5 percent of Si, 0.13 to 0.38 percent of Mg, 0.20 percent of Fe, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.005 to 0.01 percent of Sc, 0.08 to 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Cr, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of V, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Zr, and 0.01 percent of Cu; the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurities is not more than 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurities is not more than 0.2 percent.
Preferably, the die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: 6.0 to 7.0 percent of Si, 0.13 to 0.38 percent of Mg, 0.20 percent of Fe, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.005 to 0.01 percent of Sc, 0.08 to 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Cr, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of V, 0.1 to 0.15 percent of Zr, and 0.01 percent of Cu; the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurities is not more than 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurities is not more than 0.2 percent.
Preferably, the die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: 6.0 to 6.5 percent of Si, 0.13 to 0.38 percent of Mg, 0.20 percent of Fe, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.005 to 0.01 percent of Sc, 0.08 to 0.3 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Cr, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of V, 0.1 to 0.15 percent of Zr, and 0.01 percent of Cu; the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurities is not more than 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurities is not more than 0.2 percent.
The application provides a preparation method of the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: weighing corresponding raw materials according to the element proportion of the aluminum alloy, and carrying out melting, refining and die-casting processes to obtain the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the preparation method comprises:
(1) Melting pure aluminum and heating to 730-760 ℃ for heat preservation, then proportionally adding Al-20% Si or Al-50% Si, al-20% Mn, al-10% V, al-10% Cr and Al-10% Zr intermediate alloy, after the added alloy is melted, preserving heat for 30-60 minutes to homogenize the components, cooling to 690-720 ℃ after first degassing and refining, adding magnesium ingot, al-2% Sc and Al-10% Ti intermediate alloy, and preserving heat for 15-30 minutes;
(2) Raising the temperature of the alloy liquid to 730-760 ℃ for secondary refining degassing, adding a refiner, and keeping the temperature for 20-30 minutes;
(3) And after the thinning treatment is finished, sending the melt into a forming device for forming to obtain the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the refiner adopted by the refining treatment is AlTiB.
Preferably, the refiner is added in an amount of 0.15-0.3% by weight of the total melt mass.
Preferably, the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy has tensile strength of 266MPa, yield strength of 142MPa and elongation of 15%.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy provided by the application can obtain the mechanical properties of high strength and high toughness without heat treatment by controlling the content of Cu in the components, adding a small amount of Sc and Zr and optimizing other components on the basis, and can meet the performance requirements of automobile body structural members, wherein the tensile strength is more than 266MPa, the yield strength is more than 142MPa and the elongation is more than 15%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure view of a heat-treatment-free die-cast aluminum alloy provided in example 2 of the present application;
fig. 2 is another microstructure view of the heat-treatment-free die-cast aluminum alloy provided in example 2 of the present application.
Detailed Description
To further explain the technical means and effects of the present application for achieving the intended application, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structures, features and effects according to the present application is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
It should be noted that different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" in this application do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. It should be understood that the examples are illustrative of the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application.
Ranges can be expressed herein as from "about" one particular value, and/or to "about" another particular value. When such a range is expressed, examples include from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent "about," it will be understood that the particular value forms another aspect. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint.
Unless otherwise stated, it is not intended that any method described herein be construed as requiring that its steps be performed in a particular order. Thus, where a method claim does not actually recite an order to be followed by its steps or it does not otherwise specifically imply that the steps are to be limited to a specific order in the claims or specification, it is not intended that any particular order be implied.
Although the transition term "comprising" may be used to disclose various features, elements or steps of a particular embodiment, it should be understood that this implies that alternative embodiments may be included which may be described using the transition term consisting of, or consisting essentially of. Thus, for example, implied alternative embodiments to a process comprising a + B + C include embodiments where the process consists of a + B + C and embodiments where the process consists essentially of a + B + C.
The embodiment of the application provides the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof, so that the die-casting aluminum alloy can replace the traditional die-casting aluminum alloy material needing heat treatment in the automobile industry, can obtain high strength and high toughness without heat treatment, reduces the production cost, and can meet the die-casting molding requirement of an automobile structural member.
In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present application has the following general idea:
the embodiment of the application provides a heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy which comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: 6.0 to 7.5 percent of Si, 0.13 to 0.38 percent of Mg, 0.20 percent of Fe, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.005 to 0.01 percent of Sc, 0.08 to 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Cr, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of V, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Zr, and 0.01 percent of Cu; the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurities is not more than 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurities is not more than 0.2 percent.
Preferably, the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: 6.0 to 7.0 percent of Si, 0.13 to 0.38 percent of Mg, less than 0.20 percent of Fe, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.005 to 0.01 percent of Sc, 0.08 to 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Cr, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of V, 0.1 to 0.15 percent of Zr, and less than 0.01 percent of Cu; the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurities is not more than 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurities is not more than 0.2 percent.
More preferably, the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: 6.0 to 6.5 percent of Si, 0.13 to 0.38 percent of Mg, less than 0.20 percent of Fe, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.005 to 0.01 percent of Sc, 0.08 to 0.3 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Cr, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of V, 0.1 to 0.15 percent of Zr, and less than 0.01 percent of Cu; the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurities is not more than 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurities is not more than 0.2 percent.
In the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy provided by the embodiment of the application, V, mn and Cr are added to change the morphology of an aluminum-iron phase, so that the morphology of a beta-FeAl phase is changed into a beta-FeAl phase with a small size or an alpha-FeAl phase with less harm, the stress concentration effect of a needle phase is reduced through the control of the harmful FeAl phase, and the elongation of the alloy is increased.
In the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy provided by the embodiment of the application, the added Zr and Sc elements and aluminum form a fine second phase under the rapid cooling condition of die-casting, so that the dispersion strengthening effect is achieved, and the yield strength and the tensile strength of the alloy are improved. The Zr content is controlled to be 0.05-0.15 percent, and the Sc content is controlled to be 0.005-0 percent.When the percentage of elongation is 01%, the yield strength of the alloy can be improved without reducing the elongation. Since the cooling rate of die casting of aluminum alloys is very fast, typically 500-1000 deg.C/s, under this condition a small amount of Sc and Zr will dissolve in the aluminum matrix during die casting and slowly age naturally to precipitate fine Al only at room temperature without heat treatment 3 Sc，Al 3 Zr phase, thereby playing the role of dispersion strengthening and improving the strength of the aluminum alloy. On the other hand, when the Zr content is higher than 0.15% or the Sc content is higher than 0.01%, too high contents of Sc and Zr not only fail to precipitate a second phase by natural aging, but also lower the elongation of the aluminum alloy.
The content of Cu in the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy provided by the application is controlled to be below 0.01%, and although Cu can increase the strength of the material, the elongation of the material is reduced. By controlling the content of Cu and introducing Zr and Sc elements, the elongation of the aluminum alloy is ensured and the strength of the aluminum alloy is improved.
The embodiment of the application also provides a preparation method of the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: weighing corresponding raw materials according to the element proportion of the aluminum alloy, and carrying out melting, refining and die-casting processes to obtain the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy.
Specifically, the raw material of the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy can adopt an industrial pure aluminum ingot as a main raw material, and an intermediate alloy in a corresponding proportion is added.
Specifically, the raw material of the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy can also adopt aluminum alloy waste as a main raw material, wherein the proportion of the aluminum alloy waste in the raw material of the die-casting aluminum alloy is not less than 50%. The aluminum alloy waste can be one or more of aluminum-silicon alloy waste, aluminum-magnesium alloy waste, aluminum-titanium alloy waste and aluminum-manganese alloy waste. When these aluminum alloy scrap materials are used as the main raw material, an appropriate amount of an intermediate alloy such as Al-10% V, al-10% Cr, al-10% Zr, al-2% Sc or the like may be added as necessary to supplement the deficiency of some of the elements in the aluminum alloy scrap materials. Specifically, the selection of the type of the aluminum alloy scrap and the usage amount thereof can be obtained by screening and calculating according to the component requirements of the die-casting aluminum alloy to be prepared.
Preferably, the preparation method of the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) Melting pure aluminum and heating to 730-760 ℃ for heat preservation, then proportionally adding Al-20% Si or Al-50% Si, al-20% Mn, al-10% V, al-10% Cr and Al-10% Zr intermediate alloy, after the added alloy is melted, preserving heat for 30-60 minutes to homogenize the components, cooling to 690-720 ℃ after first degassing and refining, adding magnesium ingot, al-2% Sc and Al-10% Ti intermediate alloy, and preserving heat for 15-30 minutes;
(2) Raising the temperature of the alloy liquid to 730-760 ℃ for secondary refining and degassing, adding a refiner, and preserving the temperature for 20-30 minutes;
(3) And after the thinning treatment is finished, sending the melt into a forming device for forming to obtain the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the refiner used in the refining treatment is AlTiB, and the addition amount of the refiner is 0.15-0.3% of the total mass of the melt, and the addition amount of the refiner is more preferably 0.2% of the total mass of the melt.
Specifically, after the refining treatment is finished, the melt can be cast into a die to form a required heat treatment-free aluminum alloy ingot, and the melt can also be injected into a die-casting chamber of a cold chamber die-casting machine to form heat treatment-free aluminum alloy parts by die-casting.
The die-casting aluminum alloy prepared by adopting the aluminum alloy element proportion and the preparation method has the tensile strength of 266MPa, the yield strength of 142MPa and the elongation of 15%.
Example 1
This example provides the preparation of a heat-treatment free die cast aluminum alloy having the following composition:
si 7%, mg 0.18%, fe <0.20%, ti 0.13%, sc 0.01%, mn 0.15%, cr 0.1%, V0.1%, zr0.05%, cu <0.01%; the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurities is not more than 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurities is not more than 0.2 percent.
Melting pure aluminum and heating to 760 ℃ for heat preservation, then proportionally adding Al-20% of the intermediate alloy of Si, al-20% of Mn, al-10% of V, al-10% of Cr and Al-10% of Zr, preserving heat for 30 minutes after the added alloy is melted to homogenize the components, reducing the temperature to 720 ℃ after first degassing and refining, adding magnesium ingot, al-2% of Sc and Al-10% of Ti intermediate alloy, preserving heat for 30 minutes; raising the temperature of the alloy liquid to 760 ℃ for secondary refining degassing, adding a refiner AlTiB accounting for 0.25 percent of the weight of the melt, and preserving the heat for 30 minutes; after the refining treatment is finished, sending the melt into a cold chamber die casting machine for die casting forming to obtain a heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy die casting piece; the die-casting process parameters are as follows: the slow injection speed is 0.3m/s, the fast injection speed is 3.5m/s, and the die temperature is 200 ℃.
Example 2
This example provides the preparation of a heat-treatment free die cast aluminum alloy having the following composition:
6.0 percent of Si, 0.3 percent of Mg, 0.20 percent of Fe, 0.1 percent of Ti, 0.005 percent of Sc, 0.3 percent of Mn, 0.1 percent of Cr, 0.05 percent of V, 0.15 percent of Zr and 0.01 percent of Cu; the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurities is not more than 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurities is not more than 0.2 percent.
Melting pure aluminum and heating to 730 ℃ for heat preservation, then proportionally adding Al-20% of the middle alloy of Si, al-20% of Mn, al-10% of V, al-10% of Cr and Al-10% of Zr, preserving heat for 50 minutes after the added alloy is melted to homogenize the components, reducing the temperature to 690 ℃ after first degassing and refining, adding magnesium ingot, al-2% of Sc and Al-10% of Ti middle alloy, preserving heat for 20 minutes; raising the temperature of the alloy liquid to 730 ℃, carrying out secondary refining degassing, adding a refiner AlTiB accounting for 0.2 percent of the weight of the melt, and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes; after the refining treatment is finished, sending the melt into a cold chamber die casting machine for die casting forming to obtain a heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy die casting piece; the die-casting process parameters are as follows: the slow injection speed is 0.3m/s, the fast injection speed is 3.5m/s, and the die temperature is 200 ℃.
Example 3
This example provides the preparation of a heat-treatment free die cast aluminum alloy having the following composition:
6.5 percent of Si, 0.38 percent of Mg, 0.20 percent of Fe, 0.1 percent of Ti, 0.01 percent of Sc, 0.3 percent of Mn, 0.05 percent of Cr, 0.15 percent of V, 0.05 percent of Zr and 0.01 percent of Cu; the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurities is not more than 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurities is not more than 0.2 percent.
Melting pure aluminum and heating to 750 ℃ for heat preservation, then proportionally adding Al-20% of the middle alloy of Si, al-20% of Mn, al-10% of V, al-10% of Cr and Al-10% of Zr, preserving heat for 60 minutes after the added alloy is melted to homogenize the components, reducing the temperature to 700 ℃ after first degassing and refining, then adding magnesium ingot, al-2% of Sc and Al-10% of Ti middle alloy, preserving heat for 15 minutes; raising the temperature of the alloy liquid to 750 ℃, carrying out secondary refining degassing, adding a refiner AlTiB with the weight of 0.2 percent of the melt, and keeping the temperature for 20 minutes; after the refining treatment is finished, sending the melt into a cold chamber die casting machine for die casting forming to obtain a heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy die casting piece; the die-casting process parameters are as follows: the slow injection speed is 0.3m/s, the fast injection speed is 3.5m/s, and the die temperature is 200 ℃.
Example 4
This example provides the preparation of a heat-treatment free die cast aluminum alloy having the following composition:
7.0 percent of Si, 0.15 percent of Mg, less than 0.20 percent of Fe, 0.12 percent of Ti, 0.01 percent of Sc, 0.1 percent of Mn, 0.12 percent of Cr, 0.08 percent of V, 0.05 percent of Zr and less than 0.01 percent of Cu; the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurities is not more than 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurities is not more than 0.2 percent.
Melting pure aluminum and heating to 740 ℃ for heat preservation, then proportionally adding Al-20% of the intermediate alloy of Si, al-20% of Mn, al-10% of V, al-10% of Cr and Al-10% of Zr, preserving heat for 30 minutes after the added alloy is melted to homogenize the components, reducing the temperature to 690 ℃ after first degassing and refining, adding magnesium ingot, al-2% of Sc and Al-10% of Ti intermediate alloy, preserving heat for 25 minutes; raising the temperature of the alloy liquid to 740 ℃ for secondary refining degassing, adding a refiner AlTiB accounting for 0.2 percent of the weight of the melt, and keeping the temperature for 25 minutes; after the refining treatment is finished, sending the melt into a cold chamber die casting machine for die casting forming to obtain a heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy die casting piece; the die-casting process parameters are as follows: the slow injection speed is 0.3m/s, the fast injection speed is 3.5m/s, and the die temperature is 200 ℃.
Example 5
This example provides the preparation of a heat-treatment free die-cast aluminum alloy having the following composition:
7.5 percent of Si, 0.13 percent of Mg, less than 0.20 percent of Fe, 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.008 percent of Sc, 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.15 percent of Cr, 0.15 percent of V, 0.09 percent of Zr and less than 0.01 percent of Cu; the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurities is not more than 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurities is not more than 0.2 percent.
Melting pure aluminum and heating to 760 ℃ for heat preservation, then proportionally adding Al-20% of the intermediate alloy of Si, al-20% of Mn, al-10% of V, al-10% of Cr and Al-10% of Zr, preserving heat for 30 minutes after the added alloy is melted to homogenize the components, reducing the temperature to 720 ℃ after first degassing and refining, adding magnesium ingot, al-2% of Sc and Al-10% of Ti intermediate alloy, and preserving heat for 15 minutes; raising the temperature of the alloy liquid to 760 ℃ for secondary refining degassing, adding a refiner AlTiB accounting for 0.2 percent of the weight of the melt, and keeping the temperature for 20 minutes; after the refining treatment is finished, sending the melt into a cold chamber die casting machine for die casting forming to obtain a heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy die casting piece; the die-casting process parameters are as follows: the slow injection speed is 0.3m/s, the fast injection speed is 3.5m/s, and the die temperature is 200 ℃.
Example 6
This example provides the preparation of a heat-treatment free die cast aluminum alloy having the following composition:
6.3 percent of Si, 0.25 percent of Mg, less than 0.20 percent of Fe, 0.11 percent of Ti, 0.01 percent of Sc, 0.3 percent of Mn, 0.12 percent of Cr, 0.13 percent of V, 0.15 percent of Zr and less than 0.01 percent of Cu; the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurities is not more than 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurities is not more than 0.2 percent.
Melting pure aluminum and heating to 750 ℃ for heat preservation, then proportionally adding Al-20% of the middle alloy of Si, al-20% of Mn, al-10% of V, al-10% of Cr and Al-10% of Zr, preserving heat for 50 minutes after the added alloy is melted to homogenize the components, reducing the temperature to 700 ℃ after first degassing and refining, then adding magnesium ingot, al-2% of Sc and Al-10% of Ti middle alloy, preserving heat for 20 minutes; raising the temperature of the alloy liquid to 750 ℃, performing secondary refining degassing, adding a refiner AlTiB accounting for 0.2 percent of the weight of the melt, and keeping the temperature for 20 minutes; after the refining treatment is finished, sending the melt into a cold chamber die casting machine for die casting forming to obtain a heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy die casting piece; the die-casting process parameters are as follows: the slow injection speed is 0.3m/s, the fast injection speed is 3.5m/s, and the die temperature is 200 ℃.
Comparative example 1
Compared with example 2, the aluminum alloy of the comparative example has the Cu content of 0.15%, and the rest is the same as example 2.
Comparative example 2
Compared with example 2, the aluminum alloy of the comparative example has the same composition as example 2, wherein the content of Sc is 0.1%, the content of Zr is 0.3%.
The heat-treatment-free aluminum alloys prepared in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were sampled and tested, respectively, to obtain the performance test results shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance test results for heat-treatment free aluminum alloys
From the test results in the table above, the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy prepared in the embodiment of the application has tensile strength of 266MPa, yield strength of 142MPa and elongation of 15%, has high strength and high toughness, and meets the mechanical property requirements of large-scale automobile structural parts.
As can be seen from the comparison between example 2 and comparative example 1, when a small amount of Cu element is added to the composition of the aluminum alloy of comparative example 1, although the yield strength and tensile strength of the aluminum alloy can be improved by a small amount, the elongation of the aluminum alloy is greatly reduced, and therefore, the elongation of the aluminum alloy can be improved by controlling the content of the Cu element to be less than 0.01%.
As can be seen from the comparison between example 2 and comparative example 2, when the content of Sc exceeds 0.01% and the content of Zr exceeds 0.15% in comparative example 2, not only the yield strength and tensile strength of the aluminum alloy are greatly reduced, but also the elongation is significantly reduced, thus demonstrating that the dispersion strengthening effect during natural failure can be fully exerted only when the contents of Sc and Zr are maintained at a low level.
The heat-treatment-free die-cast aluminum alloy prepared in example 2 was subjected to microstructure analysis, and microstructure charts shown in fig. 1 and 2 were obtained. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the average grain size of the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy is 10 μm, and the grain size distribution is relatively uniform; as can be seen from FIG. 2, the heat-treatment-free aluminum die-casting alloy precipitates a fine second phase (Al) by natural aging 3 Sc，Al 3 Zr phase) having a size of only several tens nm, thereby showing that it can play a role of dispersion strengthening, thereby improving the strength of the aluminum alloy.
Finally, the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application and not for limiting, although the present application is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application, and all the technical solutions of the present application should be covered by the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The heat treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following element components in percentage by mass: 6.0 to 7.5 percent of Si, 0.13 to 0.38 percent of Mg, 0.20 percent of Fe, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.005 to 0.01 percent of Sc, 0.08 to 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Cr, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of V, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Zr0, and 0.01 percent of Cu; the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurities is not more than 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurities is not more than 0.2 percent.
2. The heat-treatment-free die casting aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the die casting aluminum alloy comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: 6.0 to 7.0 percent of Si, 0.13 to 0.38 percent of Mg, less than 0.20 percent of Fe, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.005 to 0.01 percent of Sc, 0.08 to 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Cr, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of V, 0.1 to 0.15 percent of Zr, and less than 0.01 percent of Cu; the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurities is not more than 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurities is not more than 0.2 percent.
3. The heat-treatment-free die casting aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the die casting aluminum alloy comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: 6.0 to 6.5 percent of Si, 0.13 to 0.38 percent of Mg, 0.20 percent of Fe, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.005 to 0.01 percent of Sc, 0.08 to 0.3 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Cr, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of V, 0.1 to 0.15 percent of Zr, and 0.01 percent of Cu; the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurities is not more than 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurities is not more than 0.2 percent.
4. A method for producing a heat-treatment free aluminum die-casting alloy as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising: weighing corresponding raw materials according to the element proportion of the aluminum alloy, and carrying out melting, refining and die-casting processes to obtain the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy.
5. The method for producing a heat-treatment-free die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises:
(1) Melting pure aluminum and heating to 730-760 ℃ for heat preservation, then proportionally adding Al-20% Si or Al-50% Si, al-20% Mn, al-10% V, al-10% Cr and Al-10% Zr intermediate alloy, after the added alloy is melted, preserving heat for 30-60 minutes to homogenize the components, cooling to 690-720 ℃ after first degassing and refining, adding magnesium ingot, al-2% Sc and Al-10% Ti intermediate alloy, and preserving heat for 15-30 minutes;
(2) Raising the temperature of the alloy liquid to 730-760 ℃ for secondary refining degassing, adding a refiner, and keeping the temperature for 20-30 minutes;
(3) And after the thinning treatment is finished, sending the melt into a forming device for forming to obtain the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy.
6. The method for producing a heat-treatment-free die-cast aluminum alloy as recited in claim 5, wherein a refiner used in the refining is AlTiB.
7. The method for producing a heat-treatment-free die-cast aluminum alloy as recited in claim 5, wherein the refiner is added in an amount of 0.15 to 0.3% by mass based on the total mass of the melt.
8. The method for preparing the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy of claim 5, wherein the heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy has tensile strength of more than 266MPa, yield strength of more than 142MPa and elongation of more than 15%.
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