CN115176811A - 一种果蔬品质调节剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种果蔬品质调节剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115176811A CN115176811A CN202210964530.2A CN202210964530A CN115176811A CN 115176811 A CN115176811 A CN 115176811A CN 202210964530 A CN202210964530 A CN 202210964530A CN 115176811 A CN115176811 A CN 115176811A
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- fruit
- fruits
- vegetable quality
- quality regulator
- selenium
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- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 108010028690 Fish Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- HZYHMHHBBBSGHB-ODYTWBPASA-N (2E,6Z)-nona-2,6-dienal Chemical compound CC\C=C/CC\C=C\C=O HZYHMHHBBBSGHB-ODYTWBPASA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 claims description 41
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 32
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 glycerol fatty acid Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol Natural products OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- ZQTYRTSKQFQYPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisiloxane Chemical compound [SiH3]O[SiH2]O[SiH3] ZQTYRTSKQFQYPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ABPYVNPDRFJZEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,2,2-triphenylethyl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1CC(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ABPYVNPDRFJZEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003976 glyceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(O[H])([H])C(O[H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000299906 Cucumis sativus var. sativus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 claims 1
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- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 3
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical group N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 3
- DATAGRPVKZEWHA-YFKPBYRVSA-N N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine Chemical compound CCNC(=O)CC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O DATAGRPVKZEWHA-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanal Chemical compound CCCCCC=O JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/02—Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/46—N-acyl derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种果蔬品质调节剂，其包括壳聚糖功能化纳米硒、黄腐酸钾、鱼蛋白低聚肽、润湿分散剂以及水。所述果蔬品质调节剂能够明显增加果蔬果实的清香气味和口感，尤其是当施用于黄瓜时，可明显增加黄瓜果实的清香气味，口感脆甜，无涩感，明显增加黄瓜果实的特征香气成分(E,Z)‑2,6‑壬二烯醛的含量。本发明还涉及所述果蔬品质调节剂的制备方法和用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农业领域，具体涉及一种果蔬品质调节剂及其应用。
背景技术
现代化的农业生产要求农业的可持续发展，既在保证农产品质量和产量的同时，也要保证农田生态平衡和环境的可持续和农产品的安全与质量。以往粗放的，非标准化的农业种植技术，大量引入农药、化肥等化学品，在保证农产品产量的同时，农产品安全性和质量急剧下降。
硒是植物生长必需的微量元素，对高等植物生长有着重要作用，参与植物体内多种代谢循环机制。国内外已有研究表明，硒在植物中的生物学效应十分显著，包括促进植物生长、提高产量、并抵消多种非生物因子诱导的氧化应激等。
已有研究表明硒在植物生长发育过程中起着重要的作用，低浓度的硒可以促进植物生长、提升植物抗逆性、提高产量。纳米硒叶面喷施可促进茶叶在代谢周期和相关反应途径中的生物合成。在茶园中长期使用农药会使植株累积过量的活性氧，导致植物体内氧化损伤并影响茶的营养品质，而纳米硒可激活作物抗氧化系统，使抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽（ASA-GSH）循环中抗氧化酶含量和活性显著提高，有助于最大程度降低农药的氧化损伤。而且，通过代谢组学等研究发现，纳米硒可通过调节谷氨酰胺-谷氨酸循环（GS-GOGAT）诱导茶氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸和精氨酸的产生。
在现代化农业技术背景下，随着人们对饮食品质的重视，对果蔬的风味研究成为目前的研究热点。黄瓜具有独特的风味，这是其受到消费者喜欢的主要原因，目前主要确定的黄瓜果实特征香气成分包括(E，Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛、(E)-6-壬烯醛、(E)-2-壬烯醛、己醛、(Z)-2-庚烯醛等物质，这其中(E，Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛作为黄瓜的特征香气物质，对黄瓜香气风味影响最为明显。
中国专利申请201410595336.7公开了一种增加黄瓜香味的专用肥，其包含硝酸铵、过磷酸钙、硝酸钾、微量元素肥、增香活性剂以及粉煤灰等组分，其中的增香活性剂为酚酸、氨基酸和表面活性剂的混合物。
虽然对含硒类物质参与或改善植物代谢的更深层次的研究在逐步开展，但对于含硒类物质在增加黄瓜果实香气特征物质方面的相关研究，目前未见报道。
发明内容
本发明人研究发现壳聚糖功能化纳米硒、黄腐酸钾以及鱼蛋白低聚肽等的果蔬品质调节剂，其在改善果蔬品质方面效果明显，能够显著改善黄瓜果实清香气味、口感，并基于此完成了本发明。
本发明一方面涉及一种果蔬品质调节剂，其包括如下组分及其重量百分含量：
壳聚糖功能化纳米硒，10-25%
黄腐酸钾，2-10%
鱼蛋白低聚肽，8-24%
润湿分散剂，1-6%
水，余量。
优选的，各组分的重量百分比为：
壳聚糖功能化纳米硒，12-18%
黄腐酸钾，4-8%
鱼蛋白低聚肽，10-16%
润湿分散剂， 3-5%
水，余量。
在本发明所述的果蔬品质调节剂中，所述壳聚糖功能化纳米硒通过如下方法制备：
(1) 将浓度为10-30 mmol/L 的亚硒酸钠溶液与浓度为20-40 mmol/L 的碘化钾溶液按1:1(v/v) 混合，加入亚硒酸钠溶液20-40(v/v) 倍的水，搅拌均匀；
(2) 加入与亚硒酸钠溶液等体积的浓度为50-70 mmol/L的抗坏血酸溶液，反应20-40 分钟；
(3) 静置老化24 小时，得浅红色透明胶体溶液；
(4) 8000-10000 转/分的转速下离心20-40 分钟除去上清液，水洗和醇洗除去未反应的杂质；
(5) 纳米硒粒子重新分散成等量溶胶，加入与亚硒酸钠溶液等体积的浓度为0.32-0.64 mg/mL的壳聚糖溶液，获得壳聚糖功能化纳米硒复合物。其中壳聚糖的平均分子量无特别限制，例如5-100 KD，或者10-50 KD。
在本发明所述的果蔬品质调节剂中，所述润湿分散剂包括：壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、三硅氧烷聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、甘油脂肪酸聚氧乙烯醚、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚、三苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯羊毛脂醇、聚氧乙烯山梨聚糖脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯甘油基单脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯烷基胺中的一种或多种。优选为：壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、三硅氧烷聚氧乙烯醚、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯羊毛脂醇中的一种或多种。
在本发明所述的果蔬品质调节剂中，通过将壳聚糖功能化纳米硒、黄腐酸钾、鱼蛋白低聚肽制备成混合物，辅以润湿分散剂施用至果蔬植物，能够明显增加果蔬果实的清香气味和口感。尤其是当施用于黄瓜，例如水果黄瓜时，可明显增加黄瓜果实的清香气味，口感脆甜，无涩感。另外，经过对黄瓜果实的特征香气成分检测，发现所述果树品质调节剂能够明显增加黄瓜果实的特征香气成分(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛的含量，但对(E)-2-壬烯醛、(E)-6-壬烯醛的影响不明显。
本发明另一方面涉及所述果蔬品质调节剂的制备方法，其中包括如下步骤：
（1）称取配方量的润湿分散剂，加入配方量的水中混合均匀；
（2）然后，加入配方量的黄腐酸钾、鱼蛋白低聚肽并搅拌均匀
（3）最后，加入配方量的壳聚糖功能化纳米硒并搅拌均匀，即得。
本发明另一方面涉及所述果蔬品质调节剂的应用，其中用于改善果蔬品质。优选的，所述果蔬为黄瓜，例如水果黄瓜。所述改善果蔬品质表现为增加黄瓜果实的清香气味，增加黄瓜果实的特征香气成分如(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛的含量。所述改善果蔬品质还表现为改善黄瓜果实的口感，口感脆甜，无涩感。
本发明的果蔬品质调节剂可以通过本领域已知的方式施用于果蔬植物，优选通过叶面喷雾的方式施用，稀释倍数为500-2000倍，喷施时期可以为初花期、开花盛期、结瓜初期和/或结瓜盛期，喷施次数为2-4次，两次喷施时间间隔为2-4天，每亩每次喷液量控制为20-30 L。
本发明通过将壳聚糖功能化纳米硒、黄腐酸钾、鱼蛋白低聚肽制备成混合物，辅以润湿分散剂施用至果蔬植物，能够明显增加黄瓜果实的清香气味、口感，具体表现为能够明显增加黄瓜果实的特征香气成分 (E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛的含量，口感脆甜，无涩感。
具体实施方式
为了理解本发明，下面以实施例进一步说明本发明，但不限制本发明。
本发明下述实施例中，所述黄腐酸钾购自黑龙江省佳禾腐植酸有限公司。所述鱼蛋白低聚肽购自宁波吉丰生物科技发展有限公司（货号：JFR-01），其中小肽≥43%，游离氨基酸≥38%。
本发明下述实施例中，所述壳聚糖功能化纳米硒通过如下方法制备：
(1) 将浓度为20 mmol/L 的亚硒酸钠溶液与浓度为30 mmol/L 的碘化钾溶液按1:1(v/v) 混合，加入亚硒酸钠溶液30(v/v) 倍的水，搅拌均匀；
(2) 加入与亚硒酸钠溶液等体积的浓度为60 mmol/L 的抗坏血酸溶液，反应30分钟；
(3) 静置老化24 小时，得浅红色透明胶体溶液；
(4) 在10000 转/分的转速下离心30 分钟除去上清液，水洗和醇洗除去未反应的杂质；
(5) 纳米硒粒子重新分散成等量溶胶，加入与亚硒酸钠溶液等体积的浓度为0.32mg/mL的壳聚糖(平均分子量30KD)溶液，获得壳聚糖功能化纳米硒复合物。
一、制剂实施例
实施例1
配方组成为：壳聚糖功能化纳米硒120 g、黄腐酸钾80 g、鱼蛋白低聚肽140 g、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(10) 40g，水620 g。
制备方法为：称取配方量的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(10)，加入配方量的水中混合均匀；然后，加入配方量的黄腐酸钾、鱼蛋白低聚肽并搅拌均匀；最后，加入配方量的壳聚糖功能化纳米硒并搅拌均匀，即得。
实施例2
配方组成为：壳聚糖功能化纳米硒180 g、黄腐酸钾50 g、鱼蛋白低聚肽120 g、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(10) 40g，水610 g。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
配方组成为：壳聚糖功能化纳米硒150 g、黄腐酸钾60 g、鱼蛋白低聚肽150 g、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(10) 40g，水600 g。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例4
配方组成为：壳聚糖功能化纳米硒100 g、黄腐酸钾20 g、鱼蛋白低聚肽220 g、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(10) 40g，水620 g。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例5
配方组成为：壳聚糖功能化纳米硒160 g、黄腐酸钾100 g、鱼蛋白低聚肽100 g、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(10) 40g，水600 g。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例6
配方组成为：壳聚糖功能化纳米硒140 g、黄腐酸钾40 g、鱼蛋白低聚肽190 g、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(10) 40g，水590 g。
制备方法同实施例1。
对比例1
配方组成为：壳聚糖功能化纳米硒150 g、黄腐酸钾210 g、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(10)40g，水600 g。
制备方法为：称取配方量的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(10)，加入配方量的水中混合均匀；然后，加入配方量的黄腐酸钾并搅拌均匀；最后，加入配方量的壳聚糖功能化纳米硒并搅拌均匀，即得。
对比例2
配方组成为：壳聚糖功能化纳米硒150 g、鱼蛋白低聚肽210 g、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(10) 40g，水600 g。
制备方法为：称取配方量的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(10)，加入配方量的水中混合均匀；然后，加入配方量的鱼蛋白低聚肽并搅拌均匀；最后，加入配方量的壳聚糖功能化纳米硒并搅拌均匀，即得。
对比例3
配方组成为：黄腐酸钾100 g、鱼蛋白低聚肽260 g、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(10) 40g，水600 g。
制备方法为：称取配方量的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(10)，加入配方量的水中混合均匀；然后，加入配方量的黄腐酸钾、鱼蛋白低聚肽并搅拌均匀，即得。
二、田间试验
试验地点：温室大棚；
试验果蔬品种：水果黄瓜（德蕾克）；
试验药剂：实施例1-6果蔬品质调节剂，以及对比例1-3调节剂；
试验方法：选择大棚中生长一致的黄瓜，划分成面积为15平方米的若干小区。在黄瓜生长期的初花期，按照5点取样法，在各小区挂牌标记相同节位处（中上部）同时期的雌花，然后开始喷施调节剂，共喷施3次，喷施时间间隔为3天。调节剂稀释倍数为800倍，每次喷液量控制为25 L/亩。以喷施等量清水为空白对照。各处理重复3次，各小区随机排列。在黄瓜成熟期，采摘各小区标记的大小一致、瓜形正常黄瓜，每取样点采摘一根黄瓜，每处理共15根，采摘后用冰盒带回实验室，随机选取6根用于口感评价，剩余用于香气成分检测。
1、香气成分检测
参照郝丽宁等（2013）“不同基因型黄瓜果实香气组成的主成分分析和聚类分析”（《西北农林科技大学学报：自然科学版》2013年第5期）所述的方法。将黄瓜去皮，每根黄瓜取头部、中部、尾部各１份，混合榨成匀浆。称30 g匀浆倒入100 mL三角瓶中，添加30 μL内标物辛醛溶液（1 μL/mL）和分析纯氯化钠3 g，立即密封，用磁力搅拌器搅拌，使其溶解混合均匀。
将萃取头插入GC-MS进样口，于250℃老化2h。将老化好的固相微萃取头插入三角瓶的顶空部分，推出纤维头进行萃取。萃取头与瓜汁液面相距0.5 cm，40℃水浴中萃取40min。
GC-MS分析：（1）色谱条件：色谱柱HPINNWAX （60m×0.25mm×0.25μA），起始温度40℃，保持2.5 min，然后以6℃/min升温至230℃，保持7 min。进样口温度220℃，载气流速1.0mL/min，不分流进样。（2）电离方式：离子源温度250℃，电离方式EI，电子能量70 eV。质量扫描范围35-400 amu；发射电流100 μA，检测电压1.4 Kv。
计算各样品中特征香气成分(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛、(E)-2-壬烯醛、(E)-6-壬烯醛的含量：香气成分含量(μg/g)=[各成分的峰面积 / (内标的峰面积×样品质量(g))]×内标质量浓度(μg/μL)×内标体积(μL)。结果如下表1所述。
表1 特征香气成分检测结果
从表1结果可以看出，本发明中壳聚糖功能化纳米硒、黄腐酸钾、鱼蛋白低聚肽三者的复合物，相较于对比例1-3，能够明显增加特征香气成分(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛的含量，对(E)-2-壬烯醛、(E)-6-壬烯醛含量的影响不明显。
（2）口感评价
将采摘的黄瓜洗净，不去皮，从中间切开，品尝黄瓜果实中间位置的口感，评价其脆度、涩味，共分为4个等级，数值越高代表口感越好。评价结果见见下表2所述。
表1 特征香气成分检测结果
从表2结果可以看出，各项处理的黄瓜脆度均较好，但对比例1-3以及空白对照稍有涩味，而本发明实施例1-6处理的黄瓜无涩味。实施例1-6处理的黄瓜在清香味、脆度、涩味等方面综合评价，其口感好于对比例1-3以及空白对照。
上述实例仅仅是对本发明的进一步解释，并不是对本发明的限定，通过将上述方案进行简单的调整进而得到的方案，同样在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种果蔬品质调节剂，其特征在于，包括如下组分及其重量百分含量：
壳聚糖功能化纳米硒，10-25%
黄腐酸钾，2-10%
鱼蛋白低聚肽，8-24%
润湿分散剂， 1-6%
水，余量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的果蔬品质调节剂，其特征在于，各组分的重量百分比为：
壳聚糖功能化纳米硒，12-18%
黄腐酸钾，4-8%
鱼蛋白低聚肽，10-16%
润湿分散剂，3-5%
水，余量。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的果蔬品质调节剂，其特征在于，所述鱼蛋白低聚肽中，小肽≥43%，游离氨基酸≥38%。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的果蔬品质调节剂，其特征在于，所述润湿分散剂包括：壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、三硅氧烷聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、甘油脂肪酸聚氧乙烯醚、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚、三苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯羊毛脂醇、聚氧乙烯山梨聚糖脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯甘油基单脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯烷基胺中的一种或多种。
5.一种制备权利要求1所述的果蔬品质调节剂的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤，
（1）称取配方量的润湿分散剂，加入配方量的水中混合均匀；
（2）然后，加入配方量的黄腐酸钾、鱼蛋白低聚肽并搅拌均匀
（3）最后，加入配方量的壳聚糖功能化纳米硒并搅拌均匀，即得。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述壳聚糖功能化纳米硒通过如下方法制备：
(1) 将浓度为10-30 mmol/L 的亚硒酸钠溶液与浓度为20-40 mmol/L 的碘化钾溶液按1:1(v/v) 混合，加入亚硒酸钠溶液20-40(v/v) 倍的水，搅拌均匀；
(2) 加入与亚硒酸钠溶液等体积的浓度为50-70 mmol/L的抗坏血酸溶液，反应20-40分钟；
(3) 静置老化24 小时，得浅红色透明胶体溶液；
(4) 在8000-10000 转/分的转速下离心20-40 分钟除去上清液，水洗和醇洗除去未反应的杂质；
(5) 纳米硒粒子重新分散成等量溶胶，加入与亚硒酸钠溶液等体积的浓度为0.32-0.64 mg/mL的壳聚糖溶液，获得壳聚糖功能化纳米硒复合物。
7.权利要求1所述的果蔬品质调节剂用于改善果蔬品质的用途，其特征在于，所述果蔬为黄瓜，所述改善果蔬品质表现为增加黄瓜果实的清香气味、口感。
8.权利要求1所述的果蔬品质调节剂用于增加水果黄瓜果实中特征香气成分 (E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛的含量的用途。
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Denomination of invention: A fruit and vegetable quality regulator and its application Effective date of registration: 20231218 Granted publication date: 20230714 Pledgee: Bank of China Limited by Share Ltd. Guilin branch Pledgor: GUILIN JIQI BIOCHEMISTRY CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2023980072510 |