CN115176541B

CN115176541B - Multifunctional agricultural equipment with selectable sowing and planting functions

Info

Publication number: CN115176541B
Application number: CN202210926748.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴俊�; 汤庆; 蒋兰; 吴崇友; 关卓怀; 江东
Original assignee: Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Current assignee: Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Priority date: 2022-08-03
Filing date: 2022-08-03
Publication date: 2024-05-14
Anticipated expiration: 2042-08-03
Also published as: CN115176541A

Abstract

The invention discloses multifunctional agricultural equipment with a selectable sowing and planting function, which comprises a soil preparation slotting module and a power system, wherein the soil preparation slotting module and the power system are in driving connection; the soil preparation slotting module comprises slotting elements, wherein the slotting elements can be used for slotting planting furrows in the soil; the multifunctional agricultural equipment further comprises a seeding module and a transplanting module which do not operate simultaneously, and the power system provides power for the module for executing operation in the seeding module and the transplanting module; the sowing module and the transplanting module can respectively sow and insert seedlings into the planting ditches, and at least the transplanting module can be detached relative to the soil preparation slotting module. According to the multifunctional agricultural equipment with the selectable sowing and planting functions, through the modular design, a user can configure the equipment to execute corresponding operation according to the needs in the use process, the operation modes are various, various requirements in crop planting can be met, the equipment purchase cost of the user is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.

Description

Multifunctional agricultural equipment with selectable sowing and planting functions

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to multifunctional agricultural equipment with a selectable sowing and planting function.

Background

In the agricultural planting process, a plurality of links such as soil preparation, planting, fertilization and the like are provided, planting methods are classified more, two types of sowing and transplanting are generally provided, and in addition, ditching, soil covering and the like are required in the planting process of certain crops. The existing agricultural equipment generally can only meet certain items in the links, other items need other machines to finish, particularly sowing and transplanting, and the existing agricultural equipment cannot be compatible in the same machine because the planting modes of the two are completely different, but the existing agricultural equipment cannot meet the requirements when single-item operations such as fertilization and the like are needed, so that for enterprises planted on a large scale, a plurality of machines need to be equipped, and the production efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides multifunctional agricultural equipment which can be designed in a modularized manner and has the function of selectable sowing and planting and can be configured according to requirements.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the multifunctional agricultural equipment with the selectable sowing and planting functions comprises a soil preparation slotting module and a power system, wherein the soil preparation slotting module and the power system are in driving connection; the soil preparation slotting module comprises slotting elements, wherein the slotting elements can be used for slotting planting furrows in the soil; the multifunctional agricultural equipment further comprises a seeding module and a transplanting module which do not operate simultaneously, and the power system provides power for the module for executing operation in the seeding module and the transplanting module; the sowing module and the transplanting module can respectively sow and insert seedlings into the planting ditches, and at least the transplanting module can be detached relative to the soil preparation slotting module.

Further, the fertilizer distributor also comprises a fertilizer application module; the fertilizing module can independently operate and can also operate simultaneously with one of the seeding module and the transplanting module.

Further, the soil covering device further comprises a soil covering module, wherein the soil covering module can be disassembled and assembled relative to the soil preparation slotting module and the transplanting module respectively; when the sowing operation is executed, the transplanting module is removed, and the earthing module is arranged at the rear side of the soil preparation slotting module; when transplanting operation is executed, the transplanting module is connected with the rear side of the soil preparation slotting module, and the earthing module is arranged on the rear side of the transplanting module.

Further, the soil covering module comprises a connecting frame and a soil covering wheel assembly arranged at the rear side of the connecting frame; the front end of the connecting frame is connected with the rear side of the soil preparation slotting module, and the length of the connecting frame is adjustable; when the seeding operation is executed, the transplanting module is removed, and the connecting frame is in a shortened state; when the transplanting operation is executed, the connecting frame is in an extension state, and the connecting frame penetrates through the transplanting module.

Further, the device also comprises a profiling adjusting module; when the transplanting module works, the transplanting module is connected with the soil preparation slotting module through the profiling adjusting module; the profiling adjusting module comprises a hanging frame, a lifting oil cylinder, a detecting wheel device and a flow adjusting device;

The hanging frame comprises a front frame body, a rear frame body and a floating frame body between the front frame body and the rear frame body; the front frame body and the rear frame body are respectively connected with the soil preparation slotting module and the transplanting module, and at least one of the two can be detached relative to the connected module; the lifting oil cylinder is used for changing the shape of the floating frame body so as to enable the transplanting module to do lifting movement; the detection wheel device acts on the flow regulating device to change the oil supply state of the lifting oil cylinder.

Further, the flow regulating device comprises a regulating valve and a first force application rod, wherein the first force application rod can act on a valve core of the regulating valve; the rear frame body is provided with a plurality of detection wheel devices which are distributed in a dispersed manner in the left-right direction, and all the detection wheel devices are connected with the same first force application rod through stay wires.

Further, the transplanting module comprises a plurality of transplanting mechanisms, each transplanting mechanism is provided with a transplanting needle, a groove deepening element corresponding to each transplanting mechanism is rotatably arranged on the rear frame body, the groove deepening element is arranged on the front side of the transplanting mechanism, and the movement track of the end part of each transplanting needle is close to the groove deepening element.

Further, the soil preparation slotting module comprises a first module seat body and a cover body which are fixed relatively, wherein a rotary tillage cutter group and a stop lever group which are arranged front and back are arranged in the cover body, a flexible soil retaining plate is arranged on the rear side of the cover body, and a metal strip is arranged on the lower side of the soil retaining plate.

Further, the soil preparation slotting module further comprises a soil leveling roller which is arranged on the rear side of the soil blocking plate and can actively rotate, and the slotting element is a slotting disc fixed on the soil leveling roller.

Further, the soil preparation system further comprises a ditching module, wherein the ditching module can be detached relative to the soil preparation slotting module; when the ditching module is installed on the soil preparation slotting module, the ditching module is arranged at the rear side of the rotary tillage cutter head and is installed in the middle relative to the rotary tillage cutter head; the ditching module comprises a ditching shovel and a ditch wall compacting disc; the ditching shovel is provided with an enveloping surface which is arranged around the rotary tillage cutter head; the trench wall compaction plate is mounted on and removable relative to the soil leveling roller.

Further, the ditching module comprises a detachable seat body, and the detachable seat body can be detached relative to the first module seat body; the front side of the upper end of the ditching shovel is rotatably arranged on the detachable seat body, and a pressure spring is arranged between the rear side of the upper end of the ditching shovel and the detachable seat body.

Further, the rotary tillage cutter group is provided with a middle cutter head and side cutter groups arranged at two sides of the middle cutter group; the middle cutter group is provided with a centering cutter disc, and each side of the centering cutter disc is provided with a first cutter disc and a second cutter disc which are sequentially arranged in a direction away from the centering cutter disc; the number of rotary blades contained in the centering cutter disc, the second cutter disc and the first cutter disc is gradually decreased from front to back; the number of left tillage cutters and right tillage cutters contained in the centering cutter disc is equal, and the bending directions of all the rotary tillage cutters in the first cutter disc deviate from the centering cutter disc; the number of rotary blades in the second cutter head, the bending direction of which faces the centering cutter head, is more than the number of rotary blades in the second cutter head, the bending direction of which faces away from the centering cutter head.

Further, the power system includes a power access box having a first input shaft and a plurality of first output shafts; one of the first output shafts is in driving connection with the rotary tillage cutter group of the soil preparation slotting module; the other first output shafts are used for directly or indirectly driving all or part of other active operating parts to operate.

Further, one of the first output shafts is connected with a control box, and the control box comprises a second input shaft connected with the first output shaft and a second output shaft used for being connected with the transplanting module; a speed changing assembly and a plant spacing adjusting assembly are arranged between the first output shaft and the second output shaft;

The plant spacing adjusting assembly comprises a plant spacing adjusting shaft and a plant spacing adjusting device; the speed changing device can keep the rotation speed of the plant spacing adjusting shaft consistent when the second input shaft is connected with power with different standard rotation speeds;

the plant spacing adjusting device is used for adjusting the transmission speed ratio between the plant spacing adjusting shaft and the second output shaft.

Further, the speed changing device comprises a speed changing shaft, a first gear and a second gear which are fixed on the second input shaft, and a sliding wheel set which is installed on the speed changing shaft in a sliding manner, wherein the sliding wheel set comprises a third gear and a fourth gear which are relatively fixed; a first gear set is arranged between the speed change shaft and the plant spacing adjusting shaft; the sliding wheel set can be switched among three positions, namely a middle position, a first position and a second position at two sides of the middle position; when the sliding wheel set is in the middle position, the third gear and the fourth gear are arranged between the first gear and the second gear; when the sliding wheel set is at a first position, the first gear is meshed with the third gear, and the transmission ratio between the second input shaft and the speed change shaft is a first transmission ratio; when the sliding wheel set is at the second position, the second gear is meshed with the fourth gear, and the transmission ratio between the second input shaft and the speed changing shaft is a second transmission ratio.

Further, the plant spacing adjusting assembly further comprises an intermediate shaft in the power flow direction, the intermediate shaft is positioned between the plant spacing adjusting shaft and the second output shaft, and power is transmitted between the intermediate shaft and the second output shaft through a second gear set; a plurality of first adjusting gears are arranged on the plant spacing adjusting shaft, the number of teeth of each first adjusting gear is different from each other, and second adjusting gears which are equal to the number of the first adjusting gears and are meshed in one-to-one correspondence are fixed on the intermediate shaft; the plant spacing adjustment assembly further includes engagement means capable of engaging between different ones of the first adjustment gears and the plant spacing adjustment shaft.

Further, one of the first output shafts of the power system is connected with a third input shaft of the conversion box; the conversion box further comprises two third output shafts; the two third output shafts are respectively connected with a first oil pump and a second oil pump, and the first oil pump and the second oil pump are both connected with an oil tank;

The soil leveling roller of the soil preparation slotting module and the transplanting mechanism of the transplanting module are driven to operate by a first hydraulic motor and a second hydraulic motor respectively;

The first oil pump is a duplex pump, and two oil outlets of the first oil pump are respectively connected with the first hydraulic motor and the second hydraulic motor;

The transplanting module is connected with the soil preparation slotting module through a profiling adjusting module; the profiling adjusting module comprises a hanging frame, a lifting oil cylinder and a flow adjusting device;

the second oil pump is connected with the lifting oil cylinder through the flow regulating device.

Further, the conversion box further comprises a transition shaft, and a first speed reduction wheel set is arranged between the third input shaft and the transition shaft; and a large driving wheel is fixed on the transition shaft, and a small driving wheel meshed with the large driving wheel is fixed on each third output shaft.

The beneficial effects are that: according to the multifunctional agricultural equipment with the selectable sowing and planting functions, through the modular design, a user can configure the equipment to execute corresponding operation according to the needs in the use process, the operation modes are various, various requirements in crop planting can be met, the equipment purchase cost of the user is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a split state diagram of all modules of a multifunctional agricultural equipment with optional sowing functionality;

FIG. 2 is a side view block diagram of agricultural equipment in a whole+transplanting mode;

FIG. 3 is a top view block diagram of agricultural equipment in a whole+transplanting mode;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the agricultural equipment in the integral +transplanting mode with the seedling blanket frame divided into left and right sections;

FIG. 5 is a side view block diagram of agricultural equipment in the whole + fertilizer + seed mode;

FIG. 6 is a top view block diagram of the agricultural equipment in the whole + fertilizer + seed mode;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a soil preparation slot module;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a soil preparation slit module;

FIG. 9 is an idle state diagram of the retaining plate;

FIG. 10 is a state diagram of the retaining plate when it is impacted by soil;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the portion A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 12 is an exploded view of the slotted element;

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a ditch wall compact disc;

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a middle knife set;

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary blade assembly;

FIG. 16 is a mating structure of the tail of the rotary blade with the retention block;

FIG. 17 is a top view of the powertrain of the first embodiment;

FIG. 18 is a side view of the powertrain of the first embodiment;

FIG. 19 is an external structural view of the control box section;

FIG. 20 is a first view angle block diagram of the interior of the control box;

FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional structural view of a portion of the transmission assembly;

FIG. 22 is a second view angle block diagram of the interior of the control box;

FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of a plant spacing adjustment assembly portion;

FIG. 24 is a top plan view of a powertrain in a second embodiment;

FIG. 25 is a block diagram of a transfer case;

FIG. 26 is a block diagram of a flow regulating device;

FIG. 27 is a block diagram of a buffer stop mechanism;

FIG. 28 is a block diagram of a detector wheel assembly;

FIG. 29 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of a flow regulator;

FIG. 30 is a graph of the motion profile of the end of a pin versus a trench deepening element;

FIG. 31 is a first block diagram of a signal acquisition device;

Fig. 32 is a second structural diagram of the signal acquisition device.

In the figure: a soil preparation slotting module 1; a first module base 11; a cover 12; a top cover 121; a front cover 122; a side plate 123; a reinforcing rod 124; a vertical adjustment rod 125; a lateral adjustment lever 126; a side fixing plate 127; a roller 128; a rotary tillage cutter group 13; a middle knife set 13A; a centering cutterhead 131; a first cutterhead 132; a second cutterhead 133; a side blade group 13B; a rotating roller 13a; rotary blades 13b; a center shaft 13c; a holding block 13d; an elastic member 13e; a proximity sensor 13f; a bar set 14; a soil blocking plate 15; a metal strip 16; a slit element 17; a first tray 171; a second tray 172; an annular portion 173; a soil leveling roller 18; a second pre-pressing device 19; a connection seat 191; a spring hold down mechanism 192;

A seeding module 2; a seed box 21; a seed metering device 22; a seed discharging tube 23;

A transplanting module 3; a seedling blanket holder 31; a transplanting mechanism 32; a pin 321; a trench deepening member 33; a blanket rest 34;

A power system 4; a power access box 41; a first input shaft 411; a first output shaft 412; a control box 42; a second input shaft 421; a second output shaft 422; a shift shaft 423; plant spacing adjustment shaft 424; a first gear set 425; a second gear set 426; a first gear 42a; a second gear 42b; a third gear 42c; a fourth gear 42d; a first slide shaft 42e; a fork 42f; a first manipulating handle 42g; a first holding mechanism 42h; an intermediate shaft 42i; a first regulating gear 42j; a second regulating gear 42k; a joint ball 42m; a second slide shaft 42n; a ball ejecting member 42p; a second manipulating handle 42q; a second holding mechanism 42r; a first universal joint 431; a second gimbal 432; a third universal joint 433; a side gearbox 434; a chain drive assembly 435; a transfer box 44; a third input shaft 441; a third output shaft 442; a transition shaft 443; a first reduction wheel set 444; a large drive wheel 445; a small transmission wheel 446; a first oil pump 451; a second oil pump 452; a first hydraulic motor 453; a second hydraulic motor 454; an oil pump mount 455;

a fertilization module 5; a fertilizer box 51; fertilizer apparatus 52; a fertilizer discharging pipe 53;

A profiling adjusting module 6; a hooking frame 61; a front frame 61a; a rear frame 61b; a floating frame 61c; an upper frame 611; a lower frame 612; a stop lever 613; a lift cylinder 62; a detection wheel device 63; a fixed wheel frame 631; a middle wheel frame 632; a floating wheel frame 633; a detection wheel 634; a first spring 635; an adjustment handle 636; a second link 637; a flow rate adjustment device 64; a regulating valve 641; a first force application lever 642; a valve core 643; holding position a; a slow rising bit b; a quick lifting position c; a slow descent bit d; fast lowering e; a valve seat 644; a second spring 645; a pull wire 65; a second urging lever 66; an intervention mechanism 67; a mechanism seat 671; a third manipulating handle 672; a first link 673; a retention plate 674; a holding unit 675; a rotating shaft 676; a follower plate 681; a guide rod 682; guide sleeve 683; a stopper pin 684; a third spring 685;

A signal acquisition device 7; a land wheel 71; a first pre-pressing device 72; a float wheel arm 721; a spring pre-compression mechanism 722; a first friction block 73; a second friction block 74; a tachometer sensor 75;

A soil covering module 8; a connection frame 81; a cover wheel assembly 82;

A ditching module 9; a ditching shovel 91; an envelope surface 91a; a groove wall compact disc 92; a planar side 92a; conical surface 92b; hoop 92c; a third screw 92d; a detachable base 93; a compression spring 94; u-shaped bolt 95.

Detailed Description

The multifunctional agricultural equipment with optional sowing and planting functions shown in fig. 1 comprises a soil preparation slotting module 1 and a power system 4 which are in driving connection; the soil preparation slotting module 1 comprises slotting elements 17, wherein the slotting elements 17 can be used for slotting planting furrows in the soil; the multifunctional agricultural equipment further comprises a seeding module 2 and a transplanting module 3 which do not work simultaneously, and the power system 4 provides power for the module which executes the work in the seeding module and the transplanting module; the sowing module 2 and the transplanting module 3 can respectively sow and insert seedlings into the planting ditches, and at least the transplanting module 3 in the sowing module 2 and the transplanting module 3 can be detached relative to the soil preparation slotting module 1.

The soil preparation lancing module 1 is used for carrying out rotary tillage, stubble cleaning and leveling treatment on the soil. Specifically, as shown in fig. 7-8, the soil preparation slotting module 1 comprises a first module seat 11 and a cover 12 which are relatively fixed, wherein a rotary tillage cutter set 13 and a stop lever set 14 which are arranged front and back are arranged in the cover 12, a flexible soil retaining plate 15 is arranged at the rear side of the cover 12, and a metal strip 16 is arranged at the lower side of the soil retaining plate 15. The soil preparation slotting module 1 further comprises a soil leveling roller 18 which is arranged on the rear side of the soil blocking plate 15 and can actively rotate, and the slotting elements 17 are slotting disks fixed on the soil leveling roller 18.

The seeding module 2 comprises a seed box 21, a seed metering device 22 and a seed metering tube 23; the lower end of the seed discharging tube 23 is placed at the rear side of the slit element 17.

The transplanting module 3 comprises a seedling blanket frame 31 and a transplanting mechanism 32, and the number of the seedling blanket frame 31 and the transplanting mechanism 32 is multiple, so that multiple transplanting operations can be performed simultaneously. The seedling blanket is placed on the seedling blanket frame 31, the transplanting mechanism 32 is provided with a transplanting needle 321, and the transplanting needle 321 can move along a specific track so as to separate plants in the seedling blanket in sequence and transplant the plants into the planting furrows. The overall structure and operation principle of the transplanting module 3 are identical to those of a transplanting mechanism in a transplanting machine, and are not repeated here. In addition, the transplanting module 3 further includes a blanket rest 33 detachable with respect to the first module housing 11.

The agricultural equipment further comprises a fertilizing module 5; the fertilizer application module 5 can operate independently or simultaneously with one of the sowing module 2 and the transplanting module 3.

The fertilizer module 5 includes a fertilizer box 51, a fertilizer applicator 52, and a fertilizer tube 53, the end of the fertilizer tube 53 being disposed on the front side of the slotted element 17 and on the rear side of the retaining plate 15.

By adopting the modularized structure, the agricultural equipment can perform 5 functional modes of soil preparation, sowing, soil preparation, transplanting (shown in fig. 2-4), soil preparation, fertilization, sowing (shown in fig. 5-6), soil preparation, fertilization and transplanting, and a user can select and install functional modules according to the functional modes, and can detach unused modules to save energy consumption.

During the soil preparation, fertilization and seeding modes, the rotary tillage cutter group 13 carries out rotary tillage operation firstly, the metal strip 16 is used for pre-scraping the soil after rotary tillage, then the fertilizer discharge pipe 53 is used for throwing fertilizer into the soil to form a fertilizer belt, the soil is flattened by the follow-up soil flattening roller 18, the planting ditch is pressed out in the flattened soil through the slotting element 17, then the seed is thrown into the planting ditch by the seed throwing pipe 23, and finally the soil at two sides of the planting ditch is filled into the planting ditch through the earthing module 8 to finish seeding. Because fertilize earlier and ditching then, can put into planting ditch with a part fertilizer when opening planting ditch, and when follow-up earthing, cover planting ditch both sides soil together with fertilizer in, so can realize the make full use of fertilizer, and the fertilizer fully surrounds the seed, follow-up can play a role better. Similarly, the planting process of the soil preparation, fertilization and transplanting modes is similar to the above process. The fertilizer is less in dosage and high in utilization rate through the mode.

The agricultural equipment further comprises a soil covering module 8, wherein the soil covering module 8 can be disassembled and assembled relative to the soil preparation slotting module 1 and the transplanting module 3 respectively; when the sowing operation is performed, the transplanting module 3 is removed, and the earthing module 8 is arranged at the rear side of the soil preparation slotting module 1; when transplanting operation is executed, the transplanting module 3 is connected with the rear side of the soil preparation slotting module 1, and the earthing module 8 is arranged on the rear side of the transplanting module 3.

In the first scheme, the transplanting module 3 can be detached relative to the soil preparation slotting module 1, and the seeding module 2 and the fertilizing module 5 are light in weight and small in occupied volume, and are always arranged on the soil preparation slotting module 1. The front-rear length of the connecting frame 81 included in the earthing module 8 is fixed, and as shown in fig. 3 and 6, the earthing module 8 is suitable for earthing after the seed is put into the seed pipe 23 in the sowing mode or earthing after the plant is transplanted into the soil by the transplanting mechanism 32 in the transplanting mode by changing the installation position of the earthing module 8. When the sowing mode and the transplanting mode are switched, the transplanting module 3 and the earthing module 8 are required to be disassembled and assembled.

In a second aspect, the soil covering module 8 further comprises a connecting frame 81 and a soil covering wheel assembly 82 arranged at the rear side of the connecting frame 81; the front end of the connecting frame 81 is connected with the rear side of the soil preparation slotting module 1, and the length of the connecting frame 81 is adjustable; when the sowing operation is performed, the transplanting module 3 is removed, and the connection frame 81 is in a shortened state; when the transplanting operation is performed, the connection frame 81 is in an elongated state, and the connection frame 81 passes through the transplanting module 3.

In this case, as shown in fig. 4, the transplanting module 3 is divided into left and right parts, and the connection frame 81 passes through a gap between the left and right parts. When the sowing mode and the transplanting mode are switched, only the transplanting module 3 is required to be disassembled and assembled, the connecting frame 81 is matched with the corresponding mode to be lengthened or shortened (as shown in fig. 6), and the earthing module 8 is not required to be disassembled and assembled. The shroud wheel assemblies 82 are equal in number to the slotted elements 17 and are aligned one after the other.

Preferably, the agricultural equipment further comprises a profiling adjusting module 6; when the transplanting module 3 works, the transplanting module 3 is connected with the soil preparation slotting module 1 through a profiling adjusting module 6; the profiling adjusting module 6 comprises a hanging frame 61, a lifting oil cylinder 62, a detecting wheel device 63 and a flow adjusting device 64;

The hanging rack 61 comprises a front rack body 61a, a rear rack body 61b and a floating rack body 61c therebetween; the front frame body 61a and the rear frame body 61b are respectively connected with the soil preparation slotting module 1 and the transplanting module 3, and at least one of the two is detachable relative to the connected module; the lifting cylinder 62 is used for changing the shape of the floating frame 61c so as to enable the transplanting module 3 to do lifting motion; the detection wheel device 63 acts on the flow rate adjustment device 64 to change the oil supply state to the lift cylinder 62.

There are three oil supply states of the lift cylinder 62, namely: the pressure maintaining state, the oil feeding state and the oil discharging state, wherein the oil feeding state and the oil discharging state can be respectively divided into a plurality of gears to change the execution speed of the lifting operation or the lowering operation of the lifting oil cylinder 62.

As shown in fig. 26, the flow rate adjustment device 64 includes an adjustment valve 641 and a first biasing lever 642, and the first biasing lever 642 can act on a valve body 643 of the adjustment valve 641; the rear frame 61b is provided with a plurality of detection wheel devices 63 distributed in a dispersed manner in the left-right direction, and all the detection wheel devices 63 are connected to the same first force application rod 642 through a pull wire 65.

As shown in fig. 28, the detection wheel device 63 includes a fixed wheel frame 631, an intermediate wheel frame 632, a floating wheel frame 633, and a detection wheel 634; the fixed wheel frame 631 is fixed to the rear frame body 61 b; the middle wheel frame 632 is arranged on the fixed wheel frame 631, and the relative position of the middle wheel frame 632 and the fixed wheel frame 631 is rotationally adjustable; the floating wheel frame 633 is rotatably installed on the middle wheel frame 632, and a first spring 635 is connected between the floating wheel frame 633 and the middle wheel frame 632; the detection wheel 634 is rotatably mounted on a floating wheel carriage 633. The wire 65 is composed of a sleeve and a wire core, and one end of the sleeve and the wire core are fixed to the intermediate wheel frame 632 and the floating wheel frame 633, respectively, while the other end of the sleeve and the wire core are fixed to the valve seat 644 and the first biasing rod 642, respectively, where the regulator valve 641 is located. A second spring 645 is provided between the first biasing rod 642 and the valve seat 644. The middle wheel frame 632 is rotatably installed relative to the fixed wheel frame 631, the fixed wheel frame 631 is also rotatably installed with an adjusting handle 636, the adjusting handle 636 is connected with the middle wheel frame 632 through a second connecting rod 637, and the fixed wheel frame 631 is provided with a stop groove for embedding the adjusting handle 636.

When the detecting wheel device 63 operates, the detecting wheel 634 is always in contact with the ground under the action of the first spring 635 and moves up and down along with the fluctuation of the ground, so that the wire core of the wire 65 can pull the first force application rod 642 to rotate. Since the number of the detecting wheel devices 63 is plural, the pulling amplitude of the lowest detecting wheel 634 to the first force applying rod 642 is the largest, and therefore the detecting wheel device 63 corresponding to the lowest ground potential position among all the detecting wheel devices 63 is the detecting wheel device 63 with the determining function, the position of the valve core 643 is adjusted accordingly, so that all the transplanting mechanisms 32 can be successfully planted, and the situation that plants fail to land or land is too shallow can not occur.

The angle of the middle wheel frame 632 can be adjusted by adjusting the handle 636, so that the optimal adjusting range of the detecting wheel 634 can be adjusted according to the soil property, and the best profiling adjusting effect can be achieved. If the soil is softer, the middle wheel carriage 632 may be lowered to allow the detection wheel 634 to perform the detection motion in a lower elevation range, and if the soil is harder, the middle wheel carriage 632 may be raised to allow the detection wheel 634 to perform the detection motion in a higher elevation range.

As shown in fig. 29, the valve element 643 of the regulator valve 641 has 5 valve positions, which are: a holding position a arranged in the middle, a slow ascending position b and a fast ascending position c arranged at one side of the holding position a, and a slow descending position d and a fast descending position e arranged at the other side of the holding position a.

When the ground is flat, the holding position a of the valve core 643 is arranged between the lifting oil cylinder 62 and the oil tank, no oil flows between the lifting oil cylinder 62 and the oil tank, the lifting oil cylinder 62 is in a pressure maintaining state, and the height of the transplanting mechanism 32 is kept unchanged; when the topography is gently raised, the pulling amplitude of the first force applying rod 642 by the detecting wheel device 63 with a determining function is reduced, the first force applying rod 642 is pulled back by the second spring 645, the slow-speed rising position b of the valve core 643 is acted, hydraulic oil enters the rod cavity of the lifting oil cylinder 62, and the rear frame body 61b is slowly lifted by the lifting oil cylinder 62; if the topography suddenly rises, the determining detection wheel device 63 releases the first force application rod 642 to displace greatly in a short time, the second spring 645 pulls the first force application rod 642 back to displace greatly, the quick lifting position c of the valve core 643 acts, the flow rate of hydraulic oil entering the rod cavity of the lift cylinder 62 is significantly increased, and thus the lift cylinder 62 makes the rear frame 61b quickly rise. When the topography is gently lowered, the pulling amplitude of the first force application rod 642 by the detection wheel device 63 with a determining function is increased, the slow lowering position d of the valve core 643 is acted, and the oil in the rod cavity of the lifting oil cylinder 62 flows out, so that the rear frame body 61b is slowly lowered by the lifting oil cylinder 62; if the topography suddenly drops, the determined detection wheel device 63 significantly increases the pulling displacement of the first force application lever 642 in a short time, and the rapid drop position e of the valve element 643 is acted, so that the hydraulic oil outflow rate in the lever cavity of the lift cylinder 62 significantly increases, and the lift cylinder 62 rapidly drops the rear frame 61 b. Through the above process, the profiling function is achieved, so that the transplanting mechanism 32 can be lifted or lowered according to the fluctuation of the ground, and the transplanting effect is ensured.

Preferably, the flow rate adjusting device 64 further includes a second force-applying rod 66 capable of acting on the valve core 643, and further includes an intervention mechanism 67 acting on the second force-applying rod 66, where the intervention mechanism 67 may be an electric actuator such as an electric push rod, or may be a manual operation assembly; in this embodiment, the intervention mechanism 67 is a manual manipulation assembly, which includes a mechanism housing 671 and a third manipulation handle 672 rotatably mounted on the mechanism housing 671; the third manipulating handle 672 is connected to the second biasing rod 66 via a first link 673 to drive the second biasing rod 66 to rotate relative to the valve seat 644, thereby pushing the valve core 643 to move. The intervention mechanism 67 further includes a position maintaining plate 674, the position maintaining plate 674 has a plurality of maintaining grooves, the mechanism seat 671 is provided with a maintaining unit 675, the maintaining unit 675 acts on different maintaining grooves to enable the third operating handle 672 to maintain at a corresponding position, and a user can adjust the state of the valve core 643 through the third operating handle 672, so that different valve positions of the valve core 643 are between the lift cylinder 62 and the oil tank to manually change the oil supply state of the lift cylinder 62.

Preferably, the floating frame 61c includes an upper frame 611 and a lower frame 612 that are always parallel to each other, and two ends of the upper frame 611 and the lower frame 612 are respectively rotatably connected to the front frame 61a and the rear frame 61b. A limit rod 613 is fixed to the upper frame body 611. As shown in fig. 27, a follower plate 681 is fixed on a rotating shaft 676 of the third control handle 672, a guide rod 682 is rotatably connected to the follower plate 681, a guide sleeve 683 is slidably sleeved on the guide rod 682, the guide sleeve 683 is rotatably connected relative to the limit rod 613, a limit pin 684 is mounted at the end of the guide rod 682, and a third spring 685 is arranged between the limit pin 684 and the guide sleeve 683.

Through the structure, when the profile modeling adjustment module 6 executes lifting operation, the rear side of the upper frame body 611 is tilted upwards, the limiting rod 613 rotates along with the upper frame body 611, so that the guide sleeve 683 slides along the guide rod 682, and the third spring 685 is compressed until the third spring 685 is compressed to the limit position in the process of moving the guide sleeve 683 to the end part of the guide rod 682, thereby effectively playing a role in buffering and limiting. Because the follower plate 681 rotates along with the third operating handle 672, the positions of the ends of the stop lever 613 connected with the follower plate 681 are different in different gears, i.e. in different oil supply states, and the positions of the positions where the guide sleeve 683 can move are different, i.e. the corresponding limiting angles of the upper frame 611 are different, so that the buffer limiting effect can be effectively achieved in each gear, and the tool is prevented from being severely collided and damaged when the rear frame 61b encounters a great upward impact force during rapid lifting.

The transplanting module 3 comprises a plurality of transplanting mechanisms 32, the transplanting mechanisms 32 are provided with transplanting pins 321, the rear frame body 61b is rotatably provided with a groove deepening element 33 corresponding to each transplanting mechanism 32, the groove deepening element 33 is arranged on the front side of the transplanting mechanism 32, and the movement track of the end part of each transplanting pin 321 is close to the groove deepening element 34.

Here, the groove deepening member 33 has a disk-like structure, and its edge has a gradually narrowing cutting edge. "approaching" is defined herein as that the movement trace of the end of the pin 321 is tangential to the outer contour of the groove deepening element 33 or the minimum gap width between the two does not exceed a set value, and the set value may be selected with reference to the radius of the groove deepening element 33, for example, 0.1r, r is a radius value.

The groove deepening element 33 and the transplanting mechanism 32 move up and down along with the rear frame body 61b, if the planting depth exceeds the depth of the planting groove, the groove deepening element 33 can expand the depth of the planting groove to a proper depth before the plant transplanted by the transplanting mechanism 32 enters the soil, so if the position of the rear frame body 61b is adjusted to be too low by the profiling adjusting module 6, the groove deepening element 33 can deepen the planting groove in time, and breakage caused by too deep insertion of the inserting needle 321 or damage to the root of the plant is avoided.

In the soil preparation slotting module 1, the stop lever group 14 consists of a plurality of stop levers 141 which are arranged in a straight line array in the left-right direction, and gaps exist between the adjacent stop levers 141; the metal strip 16 is preferably a metal rod with a relatively heavy mass such as a steel strip; during operation, the rotary tillage cutter group 13 rotates reversely, namely, in a rotation period, the heads of the rotary tillage cutters sequentially pass through the lower end, the front end, the top end and the rear end, so that after the rotary tillage cutter group 13 stirs soil, the stubble and the straw are thrown backwards together, after the thrown-backwards substances contact the stop lever group 14, the massive soil, the stubble and the straw are blocked by the stop lever group 14, the finely divided soil passes through gaps among the stop levers 141 and continues to move backwards until the finely divided soil slides along the soil retaining plate 15 after touching the soil retaining plate 15, and thus, the finely divided soil falling behind buries the massive soil, the stubble and the straw falling in advance, and a better soil leveling effect can be achieved.

The retaining plate 15 is made of a flexible and wear-resistant material such as rubber, and the retaining plate 15 and the cover 12 form a complete cover for covering the rotary tillage cutter set 13 and the stop lever set 14. For the soil with large expansion ratio, the soil volume is doubled after the soil is rotary tillage in a hardened state, and the inner space of the cover shell is variable due to the flexibility of the soil retaining plate 15, so that the soil with different expansion ratios can be adapted to the self-adaptive space adjustment, and when the soil quantity is large, the soil retaining plate 15 is bent backwards to increase the inner space of the cover shell, so that the problems of hilling and the like are avoided. The metal strips 16 can maintain the sagging of the lower side of the retaining plate 15, so that the curvature of the upper side of the retaining plate 15 is greater than the curvature of the lower side of the retaining plate 15 when the retaining plate 15 encounters a large amount of soil impact, thus, as can be seen in comparison with fig. 9 and 10, the lifting of the lower end of the retaining plate 15 is smaller, no gap is formed to cause soil leakage, and the lifting distance of the lower end of the metal strips 16 is much smaller than that of the rigid retaining plate in the scheme of combining the flexible retaining plate 15 and the metal strips 16 when the retaining plate 15 is hinged on the rear side of the cover 12 and encounters the same amount of soil impact. In addition, the metal strips 16 also play a role in homogenizing and pre-scraping the soil sliding down from the soil retaining plate 15, so that the subsequent leveling difficulty is reduced.

The cover 12 includes a top cover 121 and a front cover 122, and side panels 123; the front cover 122 is arc-shaped, a reinforcing rod 124 is fixed to the lower edge thereof, and the height of the lower edge of the front cover 122 can be adjusted. Specifically, a vertical adjusting rod 125 is rotatably connected to the reinforcing rod 124, and a transverse adjusting rod 126 is installed on the upper side of the vertical adjusting rod 125; the lateral adjustment lever 126 is adjustable in position in the direction of extension of the vertical adjustment lever 125, and the lateral position of the lateral adjustment lever 126 relative to the first module housing 11 can also be adjusted. As shown in fig. 11, a side fixing plate 127 for connecting the side of the front cover 122 is mounted on the inner side of the side plate 123, a bar-shaped hole is formed in one of the side fixing plate 127 and the front cover 122, a circular hole is formed in the other, and the two are fixed by screws.

Through the above structure, the height of the lower edge of the front cover 122 is adjustable, and the installation is stable after adjustment. The height of the lower edge of the front cover 122 is adjusted according to the soil type, so that soil leakage at the lower edge of the front cover 122 in the soil throwing process of the rotary tillage cutter unit 13 can be prevented, and more of front soil can be caused to cause hilling.

The side plate 123 is rotatably provided with a roller 128, and the roller 128 lifts the lower side of the side plate 123 to prevent the lower side of the side plate 123 from hanging grass and hilling.

In the prior art, the slotting elements 17 are generally welded and fixed on the soil leveling roller 18, in this way, if the slotting elements 17 are damaged, the entire soil leveling roller 18 and the slotting elements 17 thereon are scrapped, and the soil leveling roller 18 is easy to deform when the slotting elements 17 are welded on the soil leveling roller 18, so that in order to solve the above problems, the slotting elements 17 are preferably removable relative to the soil leveling roller 18.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 12, the slotting element 17 includes a first disc 171 and a second disc 172, both edges of which are formed with cutting edges, and the cutting edges on both edges together form a complete slotting cutting edge. The first disc 171 has an annular portion 173 sleeved on the soil leveling roller 18, a plurality of radial holes are formed in the annular portion 173 in a circumferential array, and the annular portion 173 is fixed on the soil leveling roller 18 by a plurality of first screws 174 passing through the radial holes; the first disc 171 and the second disc 172 are fixed relatively by a plurality of second screws 175, and the annular portion 173 is in a non-exposed state. When the slotting element 17 needs to be disassembled, all the second screws 175 are unscrewed, then the second disc 172 moves along the axial direction of the soil leveling roller 18 to separate the second disc 172 from the first disc 171, and finally all the first screws 174 are unscrewed, so that the first disc 171 can be disassembled, and the disassembly of the slotting element 17 is completed. The process of installing the slit element 17 is opposite to the above-described disassembly process, and will not be described again.

The soil leveling roller 18 is connected with the first module base 11 through a second pre-pressing device 19. The second pre-pressing device 19 comprises two connecting seats 191, two ends of each connecting seat 191 are respectively connected with the soil leveling roller 18 and the first module seat body 11 in a rotating mode, and the two connecting seats 191 are respectively matched with two side plates 123 of the cover body 12 in a plane pair mode, so that the two side plates 123 can limit left-right deflection movement of the connecting seats 191, and the soil leveling roller 18 is prevented from producing left-right movement to affect ditching effects of planting ditches. A spring hold-down mechanism 192 is provided between the connection mount 191 and the first module housing 11 to ensure pressure between the soil leveling roller 18 and the ground.

The agricultural equipment further comprises a ditching module 9, the ditching module 9 being detachable relative to the soil preparation slotting module 1; when the ditching module 9 is installed on the soil preparation slotting module 1, the ditching module 9 is arranged at the rear side of the rotary tillage cutter head 13 and is installed in the middle relative to the rotary tillage cutter head 13; the ditching module 9 comprises a ditching shovel 91 and a ditching wall compacting disc 92; the ditching shovel 91 has an envelope surface 91a provided around the rotary blade set 13; the ditch wall compaction trays 92 are mounted on the soil leveling rollers 18 and are removable relative to the soil leveling rollers 18.

A pair of trench wall compacting plates 92 are fixed on the soil leveling roller 18, and each trench wall compacting plate 92 is provided with an inward plane side 92a and an outward conical surface 92b, wherein the plane side 92a is close to the side wall of the ditching shovel 91; the conical surface 92b is used for compacting the trench wall.

As shown in fig. 13, the trench wall compacting plate 92 has a conical hollow structure, and has a hoop 92c inside, and both sides of the opening of the hoop 92c are tightened by a third screw 92 d.

The hoop 92c is tightly hooped on the outer wall of the soil leveling roller 18 and is in a non-exposed state, so that the axial space of the soil leveling roller 18 is not occupied, and the soil leveling operation is not affected.

The ditching module 9 comprises a detachable seat 93, and the detachable seat 93 can be detached relative to the first module seat 11; the front side of the upper end of the ditching shovel 91 is rotatably mounted on the detachable seat body 93, and a pressure spring 94 is arranged between the rear side of the upper end of the ditching shovel 91 and the detachable seat body 93.

The detachable base 93 is fixed to the first module base 11 by a U-bolt 95.

Through setting up rotation connection and pressure spring 94, can rotate backward in order to cushion the impact when the ditching shovel 91 runs into hard thing such as root, avoid damaging.

The rotary tillage cutter set 13 is provided with a middle cutter head and side cutter sets 13B arranged at two sides of the middle cutter set 13A; as shown in fig. 14, the middle cutter set 13A has a centering cutter disc 131, and a first cutter disc 132 and a second cutter disc 133 are sequentially disposed on each side of the centering cutter disc 131 in a direction away from the centering cutter disc 131; the number of rotary blades contained in the centering cutter disc 131, the second cutter disc 133 and the first cutter disc 132 decreases from front to back in sequence; the number of left and right tilling blades included in the centering cutter disc 131 is equal, and the bending directions of all the rotary tilling blades in the first cutter disc 132 deviate from the centering cutter disc 131; the number of rotary blades in the second cutter disc 133 with the bending direction facing the centering cutter disc 131 is greater than the number of rotary blades with the bending direction facing away from the centering cutter disc 131.

Preferably, the number of rotary blades included in the centering cutter disc 131 is 4, wherein the number of left and right rotary blades are 2, two sides of the centering cutter disc 131 are respectively provided with 2 first cutter discs 132 and 1 second cutter disc 133, the first cutter discs 132 comprise 2 rotary blades, the second cutter discs 133 comprise 3 rotary blades, the number of rotary blades of which the bending direction faces the centering cutter disc 131 is 2, and the number of rotary blades of which the bending direction faces away from the centering cutter disc 131 is 1. Each cutter head in the side cutter group 13B comprises 2 rotary tilling blades, wherein the number of the left tilling blade and the right tilling blade is 1 respectively. Along the rotation circumference of rotary blade group 13, correspond to each rotary blade that above-mentioned middle part group 13A contained, all have rather than belonging to same blade disc or adjacent blade disc, and the relative contained angle in circumference is the acute angle rotary blade, so, middle part group 13A is the soil clamp more easily, promotes the volume of throwing soil to effectively throw away the unnecessary soil of ditching discharge.

Through the cutter disc layout, the situation that raised soil strips are formed on two sides of a ditch formed by the ditching shovel 91 can be effectively avoided, particularly, when the rotary tillage cutter set 13 runs, the rear side of the centering cutter disc 131 is blocked by the ditching shovel 91 and cannot throw soil to the rear side, and the centering cutter disc 131 is provided with equal numbers of left tillage cutters and right tillage cutters, so that the centering cutter disc 131 is used for discharging soil to two sides, the first cutter disc 132 is used for throwing soil to the oblique rear side, and because the bending modes of all the rotary tillage cutters in the first cutter disc 132 are deviated from the centering cutter disc 131, the soil thrown by the first cutter disc 132 is gradually deviated from the centering cutter disc 131 in the left-right direction, and the first cutter disc 132 is used for pushing and extruding part of soil to the direction deviating from the first cutter disc 132; because the second cutterhead 133 contains the rotary blades quantity more, and its soil throwing volume is big, can throw away the soil that the side direction was arranged together, because the second cutterhead 133 bending direction orientation the quantity of rotary blades of blade 131 placed in the middle is more than the quantity of the rotary blades of blade 131 placed in the middle of bending direction deviating from in the middle, it can effectively balance the soil volume in middle part, prevents that middle part soil loss is too much on the contrary and forms the low-lying.

Each cutter head included in the side cutter set 13B includes a left cutter and a right cutter, which are preferably staggered by 180 °, all the left cutters included in the side cutter set 13B are preferably arranged along a spiral line, all the right cutters are also preferably arranged along a spiral line, and the positions of the individual rotary cutters can be finely adjusted as required to ensure the overall dynamic balance of the rotary cutter set 13B.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 15, in the rotary blade set 13, rotary blades 13b are mounted on a rotating roller 13a, the rotary blades 13b can rotate relative to the rotating roller 13a, the rotating roller 13a is of a hollow structure, a central shaft 13c capable of sliding along the axial direction of the rotary blades is coaxially mounted at the middle of the rotary blade set, and an elastic element 13e for applying axial force to the central shaft 13c is arranged between the central shaft 13c and the rotating roller 13 a; a holding block 13d corresponding to each rotary blade 13b is fixed on the center shaft 13c, a positioning V-shaped groove is formed in the holding block 13d, the tail part of each rotary blade 13b extends into the rotating roller 13a, and the tail part of each rotary blade 13b is provided with a protruding part embedded in the positioning V-shaped groove (as shown in figure 16); a proximity sensor 13f for detecting the shaft end of the center shaft 13c is mounted on a transition seat at one end of the rotating roller 13a, the proximity sensor 13f is connected with a control unit, and the control unit is also connected with a pushing unit acting on the valve core 643. Through the structure, when the rotary blade 13b bumps into stones or hard tree roots and other foreign matters, the rotary blade 13b can rotate relative to the rotating roller 13a to protect the rotary blade 13b from damage, after the rotary blade 13b rotates relative to the rotating roller 13a, the protruding part at the tail part of the rotating roller 13a is separated from the positioning V groove and pushes the middle shaft 13c to move, the middle shaft 13c moves to enable the proximity sensor 13f to generate a trigger signal, and the control unit controls the pushing unit to act on the valve core 643 according to the trigger signal, so that the lifting cylinder 62 lifts the rear frame 61b at the fastest extending speed to protect components on the rear frame 61b from damage.

The power system 4 comprises a power access box 41, wherein the power access box 41 is provided with a first input shaft 411 and a plurality of first output shafts 412; one of the first output shafts 412 is in driving connection with the rotary tillage cutter group 13 of the soil preparation slotting module 1; the other first output shaft 412 is used to directly or indirectly drive all or part of other active components.

Here, the actively operating component means a component that needs to be connected with a driving force to perform a corresponding task. In the invention, the parts needing to be connected with power are not only the soil preparation slotting module 1, but also the soil leveling roller 18, the transplanting mechanism 32, the profiling adjusting module 6, the seed metering device 22, the fertilizer distributor 52 and the like. The above active components may be all directly or indirectly operated by the power output by the first input shafts 411 of the power access box 41, or some active components may be operated by other active actuator driving elements included in the power system 4, for example: transplanting mechanism 32 may be operated by a separate hydraulic system driven hydraulic motor, or by a separate motor driven seed metering device 22, fertilizer device 52, etc.

In a first embodiment, as shown in fig. 17-16, one of the first output shafts 412 is connected to a control box 42, the control box 42 comprising a second input shaft 421 connected to the first output shaft 412 and a second output shaft 422 for connecting to the transplanting module 3; a speed changing assembly and a plant spacing adjusting assembly are arranged between the first output shaft 412 and the second output shaft 422;

The speed changing assembly comprises a speed changing device, and the plant spacing adjusting assembly comprises a plant spacing adjusting shaft 424 and a plant spacing adjusting device; the speed change device can keep the rotation speed of the plant spacing adjusting shaft 424 consistent when the second input shaft 421 is connected with power with different standard rotation speeds;

The plant spacing adjusting device is used for adjusting the transmission speed ratio between the plant spacing adjusting shaft 424 and the second output shaft 422.

The second output shaft 422 is connected with the transplanting module 3 through a first universal joint 431, and the connection between the second output shaft 422 and the first universal joint 431 is detachable. The power access box 41 also has a first output shaft 412 in driving connection with the soil grading roller 18, and in particular, the first output shaft 412 drives the soil grading roller 18 in operation via a second universal joint 432 and a chain drive assembly 435. In addition, the first output shaft 412 driving the rotary blade set 13 transmits power to the rotary blade set 13 through the third universal joint 433 and the side gear box 434.

The standard rotation speed refers to a theoretical input rotation speed, and the actual rotation speed fluctuation is ignored, so that the rotation speed of the plant spacing adjusting shaft 424 is kept consistent when the speed change device is used for connecting power with different rated rotation speeds, so that the plant spacing can be conveniently adjusted by the plant spacing adjusting device.

As shown in fig. 20-19, the speed changing device comprises a speed changing shaft 423, a first gear 42a and a second gear 42b fixed on the second input shaft 421, and a sliding wheel set slidably mounted on the speed changing shaft 423, wherein the sliding wheel set comprises a third gear 42c and a fourth gear 42d which are relatively fixed; a first gear set 425 is arranged between the speed changing shaft 423 and the plant spacing adjusting shaft 424; the sliding wheel set can be switched among three positions, namely a middle position, a first position and a second position at two sides of the middle position; when the sliding wheel set is in the neutral position, the third gear 42c and the fourth gear 42d are disposed between the first gear 42a and the second gear 42 b; when the sliding wheel set is at the first position, the first gear 42a is meshed with the third gear 42c, and the transmission ratio between the second input shaft 421 and the speed change shaft 423 is a first transmission ratio; when the sliding wheel set is at the second position, the second gear 42b is meshed with the fourth gear 42d, and the transmission ratio between the second input shaft 421 and the speed change shaft 423 is a second transmission ratio.

The first gear ratio is different from the second gear ratio, preferably, the first gear ratio is 3:4, and the first gear ratio is suitable for the situation that the first input shaft 411 is connected with a tractor with an output rotating speed of 540 revolutions per minute; the second gear ratio is 1:1, and is suitable for the condition that the first input shaft 411 is connected with a tractor with the output rotating speed of 720 revolutions per minute. When the sliding wheel set is placed in the middle position, no power is transmitted between the first input shaft 411 and the speed change shaft 423 because no gears are meshed, and the transplanting module 3 stops running.

Therefore, when the multifunctional agricultural equipment is connected with two main flow tractors with different output rotating speeds of 540 revolutions per minute or 720 revolutions per minute, the sliding wheel sets are controlled to slide to different positions, so that the rotating speed of the plant spacing adjusting shaft 424 can be maintained at a fixed value accessory, and the follow-up rotating speed adjustment is convenient.

The position switching of the sliding wheel set is realized by driving a first sliding shaft 42e through a shifting fork 42f, and the sliding wheel set can rotate relative to the shifting fork 42f and cannot axially slide relative to the shifting fork; the first slide shaft 42e is fixedly connected with the fork 42f, and the first slide shaft 42e is driven by the first operating handle 42g or an electric actuator such as a push rod to slide relative to the housing of the control housing 42, and in fig. 19, the first slide shaft 42e is driven by the first operating handle 42g to slide. The position of the first slide shaft 42e with respect to the case is held by the first holding mechanism 42 h.

22-21, The plant spacing adjustment assembly further includes an intermediate shaft 42i, the intermediate shaft 42i being located between the plant spacing adjustment shaft 424 and the second output shaft 422 in the power flow direction, the intermediate shaft 42i and the second output shaft 422 transmitting power therebetween through a second gear set 426; a plurality of first adjusting gears 42j are mounted on the plant spacing adjusting shaft 424, the number of teeth of the first adjusting gears 42j is different from each other, and second adjusting gears 42k which are equal to the number of the first adjusting gears 42j and are meshed in a one-to-one correspondence manner are fixed on the intermediate shaft 42 i; the plant distance adjusting assembly further includes engagement means for enabling engagement between the different first adjusting gears 42j and the plant distance adjusting shaft 424.

The center of the plant spacing adjusting shaft 424 is provided with an axial hole, a radial hole communicated with the axial hole is formed in the position of each first adjusting gear 42j, a joint ball 42m capable of moving along the radial hole is arranged in the radial hole, and a sphere containing groove which is arranged in a circumferential array is formed on the hole wall of the hole in the first adjusting gear 42 j; the engagement device includes a second slide shaft 42n that slides with respect to the axial hole, the ball-ejecting member 42p is fixed to the second slide shaft 42n, and the second slide shaft 42n is driven by an electric actuator such as a second operating handle 42q or an electric push rod to slide along the radial hole. The position of the second slide shaft 42n with respect to the casing of the control box 42 is held by the second holding mechanism 42 r.

By controlling the second sliding shaft 42n to slide, the ball ejecting element 42p moves to the position of the different first adjusting gears 42j, the joint balls 42m are ejected out and embedded into the ball accommodating grooves of the first adjusting gears 42j, and the different first adjusting gears 42j are jointed with the plant spacing adjusting shaft 424, so that the transmission ratio between the plant spacing adjusting shaft 424 and the intermediate shaft 42i is changed, and the adjustment of the planting plant spacing is realized.

In the second embodiment, one of the first output shafts 412 of the power system 4 is connected to the third input shaft 441 of the shift box 44; the transfer case 44 further includes two third output shafts 442; the two third output shafts 442 are respectively connected with a first oil pump 451 and a second oil pump 452, and the first oil pump 451 and the second oil pump 452 are both connected with an oil tank;

the soil leveling roller 18 of the soil preparation slotting module 1 and the transplanting mechanism 32 of the transplanting module 3 are respectively driven to run by a first hydraulic motor 453 and a second hydraulic motor 454;

The first oil pump 451 is a duplex pump, two oil outlets of the first oil pump 451 are a first oil outlet and a second oil outlet respectively, and in the transplanting mode, the first oil outlet and the second oil outlet are connected with the first hydraulic motor 453 and the second hydraulic motor 454 respectively;

The seeding module 2 and the fertilizing module 5 are respectively driven to run by a third hydraulic motor and a fourth hydraulic motor, the hydraulic motors working in the second hydraulic motor 454 and the third hydraulic motor are connected with the fourth hydraulic motor in series and are both connected with the second oil outlet, in order to achieve the purpose, when the seeding is not needed for transplanting, the pipeline connected with the second hydraulic motor 454 is disconnected and connected with the third hydraulic motor, otherwise, when the seeding is not needed for transplanting, the pipeline connected with the third hydraulic motor is disconnected and connected with the second hydraulic motor 454, so that the hydraulic resources can be fully utilized, and the number of oil pumps is reduced.

The second oil pump 452 is connected to the lift cylinder 62 via the flow regulator 64.

The first oil pump 451 and the second oil pump 452 are both mounted on the oil pump mounting seat 455, and the third output shaft 442 is connected to the oil pump by a coupling.

The first oil pump 451 is provided with first speed regulating valve on the oil circuit that connects with first hydraulic motor 453, is provided with the second speed regulating valve on the oil circuit that connects with first oil pump 451 and second hydraulic motor 454, and first speed regulating valve and second speed regulating valve all are connected with control system control, in addition, still are connected with signal acquisition device 7 on the control system.

The signal acquisition device 7 comprises a land wheel 71 and a speed measuring sensor 75 for measuring the rotating speed of the land wheel 71, the control system obtains the running speed of the machine tool according to the value acquired by the speed measuring sensor 75, and adjusts the second speed regulating valve according to the running speed so as to regulate the flow passing through the second hydraulic motor 454, and the rotating speed control of the second hydraulic motor 454 is realized, so that the planting plant spacing can be kept stable.

The plant spacing adjusting device is arranged on the first module base 11 of the soil preparation slotting module 1 through a first pre-pressing device 72, the first pre-pressing device 72 comprises a floating wheel arm 721, and a spring pre-pressing mechanism 722 is arranged between the floating wheel arm 721 and the first module base 11; the floating wheel arm 721 and the ground wheel 71 are respectively provided with a first friction block 73 and a second friction block 74, and the first friction block 73 and the second friction block 74 are in contact with each other to generate friction force when they move relative to each other. By arranging the friction plate, the rotation of the land wheel 71 can be stopped in time after the transplanting module 3 is lifted, and if the land wheel 71 does not rotate in time, signals are continuous, the transplanting mechanism 32 continues to execute seedling separation operation, so that plants are wasted. When the signal acquisition device 7 is not used, the signal acquisition device 7 can be detached.

As shown in fig. 25, the transfer case 44 further includes a transition shaft 443, and a first reduction gear set 444 is disposed between the third input shaft 441 and the transition shaft 443; a large transmission wheel 445 is fixed on the transition shaft 443, and a small transmission wheel 446 meshed with the large transmission wheel 445 is fixed on each third output shaft 442.

Through above-mentioned driving system 4, through setting up transfer case 44 and the hydraulic system that contains first oil pump 451 and second oil pump 452, can distribute power a plurality of initiative moving spare parts, driving system reasonable in design for the driving system of machines is comparatively retrencied, and the reliability is high.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, it being noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional agricultural device with selectable sowing and planting functions comprises a soil preparation slotting module (1) and a power system (4), which are in driving connection; the soil preparation slotting module (1) is characterized by comprising slotting elements (17), wherein the slotting elements (17) can be used for slotting planting furrows in the soil; the multifunctional agricultural equipment further comprises a seeding module (2) and a transplanting module (3), wherein the seeding module and the transplanting module do not work simultaneously, and the power system (4) provides power for the module for executing the work in the seeding module and the transplanting module; the sowing module (2) and the transplanting module (3) can respectively sow the planting ditch and insert seedlings, and at least the transplanting module (3) can be detached relative to the soil preparation slotting module (1);

The soil preparation slotting module (1) comprises a first module seat body (11) and a cover body (12) which are relatively fixed, wherein a rotary tillage cutter group (13) and a stop lever group (14) which are arranged front and back are arranged in the cover body (12), a flexible soil retaining plate (15) is arranged at the rear side of the cover body (12), and a metal strip (16) is arranged at the lower side of the soil retaining plate (15);

The stop lever group (14) consists of a plurality of stop levers (141) which are arranged in a straight line array in the left-right direction, and gaps exist between the adjacent stop levers (141); during operation, the rotary tillage cutter group (13) reversely rotates, after the rotary tillage cutter group (13) stirs the soil, the residual stubble and the straw, the soil, the residual stubble and the straw are thrown backwards and upwards, after the thrown-backwards substances contact the stop lever group (14), the large soil, the residual stubble and the straw are blocked by the stop lever group (14), the finely-divided soil passes through the gaps between the stop levers (141) and continues to move backwards until the soil falls along the soil retaining plate (15) after touching the soil retaining plate (15), and the small and broken soil falling backwards buries the large soil, the residual stubble and the straw which fall earlier;

The soil covering device further comprises a soil covering module (8), wherein the soil covering module (8) can be disassembled and assembled relative to the soil preparation slotting module (1) and the transplanting module (3) respectively; when the sowing operation is performed, the transplanting module (3) is removed, and the earthing module (8) is arranged at the rear side of the soil preparation slotting module (1); when transplanting operation is executed, the transplanting module (3) is connected with the rear side of the soil preparation slotting module (1), and the earthing module (8) is arranged on the rear side of the transplanting module (3);

The transplanting module (3) comprises a plurality of transplanting mechanisms (32), the transplanting mechanisms (32) are provided with transplanting pins (321), groove deepening elements (33) corresponding to the transplanting mechanisms (32) are rotatably arranged on the rear frame body (61 b), the groove deepening elements (33) are arranged on the front sides of the transplanting mechanisms (32), and the movement track of the end parts of the transplanting pins (321) is close to the groove deepening elements (33);

The soil preparation slotting module (1) further comprises a soil leveling roller (18) which is arranged on the rear side of the soil retaining plate (15) and can actively rotate, and the slotting element (17) is a slotting disc fixed on the soil leveling roller (18);

The soil preparation system further comprises a ditching module (9), wherein the ditching module (9) can be detached relative to the soil preparation slotting module (1); when the ditching module (9) is installed on the soil preparation slotting module (1), the ditching module (9) is arranged at the rear side of the rotary tillage cutter head (13) and is installed in the center relative to the rotary tillage cutter head (13); the ditching module (9) comprises a ditching shovel (91) and a ditch wall compacting disc (92); the ditching shovel (91) is provided with an enveloping surface (91 a) which is arranged around the rotary tillage cutter head (13); the trench wall compaction disc (92) is mounted on the soil leveling roller (18) and is detachable relative to the soil leveling roller (18);

The rotary tillage cutter set (13) is provided with a middle cutter set (13A) and side cutter sets (13B) arranged on two sides of the middle cutter set (13A); the middle cutter group (13A) is provided with a centering cutter disc (131), and each side of the centering cutter disc (131) is provided with a first cutter disc (132) and a second cutter disc (133) which are sequentially arranged in a direction away from the centering cutter disc (131); the number of rotary blades contained in the centering cutter disc (131), the second cutter disc (133) and the first cutter disc (132) decreases from front to back in sequence; the number of left tillage cutters and right tillage cutters contained in the centering cutter disc (131) is equal, and the bending directions of all the tillage cutters in the first cutter disc (132) deviate from the centering cutter disc (131); the number of rotary blades in the second cutter head (133) with the bending direction towards the centering cutter head (131) is more than the number of rotary blades with the bending direction away from the centering cutter head (131); each cutter head contained in the side cutter group (13B) comprises a left cutter and a right cutter which are staggered by 180 degrees, all the left cutters contained in the side cutter group (13B) are arranged along a spiral line, and all the right cutters are also arranged along the spiral line.

2. Multifunctional agricultural equipment with optional sowing functionality according to claim 1, further comprising a fertilizing module (5); the fertilizing module (5) can independently operate and can also operate simultaneously with one of the sowing module (2) and the transplanting module (3).

3. Multifunctional agricultural equipment with optional sowing functions according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a profiling adjusting module (6); when the transplanting module (3) works, the transplanting module (3) is connected with the soil preparation slotting module (1) through the profiling adjusting module (6); the profiling adjusting module (6) comprises a hanging frame (61), a lifting oil cylinder (62), a detecting wheel device (63) and a flow adjusting device (64);

The hanging frame (61) comprises a front frame body (61 a), a rear frame body (61 b) and a floating frame body (61 c) between the front frame body and the rear frame body; the front frame body (61 a) and the rear frame body (61 b) are respectively connected with the soil preparation slotting module (1) and the transplanting module (3), and at least one of the two is detachable relative to the connected module; the lifting oil cylinder (62) is used for changing the shape of the floating frame body (61 c) so as to enable the transplanting module (3) to do lifting movement; the detection wheel device (63) acts on the flow rate adjustment device (64) to change the oil supply state to the lift cylinder (62).

4. A multifunctional agricultural implement with selectable sowing functions according to claim 3, characterized in that the flow regulating device (64) comprises a regulating valve (641) and a first forcing lever (642), the first forcing lever (642) being able to act on a valve core (643) of the regulating valve (641); the rear frame body (61 b) is provided with a plurality of detection wheel devices (63) which are distributed in a dispersed manner in the left-right direction, and all the detection wheel devices (63) are connected with the same first force application rod (642) through stay wires (65).

5. Multifunctional agricultural equipment with optional sowing functionality according to claim 1, characterized in that the ditching module (9) comprises a detachable seat (93), which detachable seat (93) is detachable with respect to the first module seat (11); the front side of the upper end of the ditching shovel (91) is rotatably arranged on the detachable seat body (93), and a pressure spring (94) is arranged between the rear side of the upper end of the ditching shovel (91) and the detachable seat body (93).

6. The multifunctional agricultural equipment with optional sowing functions according to claim 1, wherein the power system (4) comprises a power access box (41), the power access box (41) having a first input shaft (411) and a plurality of first output shafts (412); one of the first output shafts (412) is in driving connection with a rotary tillage cutter group (13) of the soil preparation slotting module (1); the other first output shaft (412) is used for directly or indirectly driving all or part of other active operation parts to operate.

7. The multifunctional agricultural equipment with optional sowing functions according to claim 6, wherein one of the first output shafts (412) is connected to a control box (42), the control box (42) comprising a second input shaft (421) connected to the first output shaft (412) and a second output shaft (422) for connecting to the transplanting module (3); a speed change assembly and a plant spacing adjusting assembly are arranged between the first output shaft (412) and the second output shaft (422);

The speed changing assembly comprises a speed changing device, and the plant spacing adjusting assembly comprises a plant spacing adjusting shaft (424) and a plant spacing adjusting device; the speed changing device can keep the rotation speed of the plant spacing adjusting shaft (424) consistent when the second input shaft (421) is connected with power with different standard rotation speeds;

The plant spacing adjusting device is used for adjusting the transmission speed ratio between the plant spacing adjusting shaft (424) and the second output shaft (422).

8. The multifunctional agricultural equipment with selectable sowing functions according to claim 7, wherein the speed change device comprises a speed change shaft (423), further comprising a first gear (42 a) and a second gear (42 b) fixed on the second input shaft (421), and a sliding wheel set slidably mounted on the speed change shaft (423), the sliding wheel set comprising a third gear (42 c) and a fourth gear (42 d) relatively fixed; a first gear set (425) is arranged between the speed change shaft (423) and the plant spacing adjusting shaft (424); the sliding wheel set can be switched among three positions, namely a middle position, a first position and a second position at two sides of the middle position; when the sliding wheel set is in the middle position, the third gear (42 c) and the fourth gear (42 d) are arranged between the first gear (42 a) and the second gear (42 b); when the sliding wheel set is in a first position, the first gear (42 a) is meshed with the third gear (42 c), and the transmission ratio between the second input shaft (421) and the speed change shaft (423) is a first transmission ratio; when the sliding wheel set is in the second position, the second gear (42 b) is meshed with the fourth gear (42 d), and the transmission ratio between the second input shaft (421) and the speed change shaft (423) is a second transmission ratio.

9. The multifunctional agricultural equipment with optional planting function according to claim 7, wherein the plant spacing adjustment assembly further comprises an intermediate shaft (42 i) in the power flow direction, the intermediate shaft (42 i) being located between the plant spacing adjustment shaft (424) and the second output shaft (422), the intermediate shaft (42 i) and the second output shaft (422) transmitting power through a second gear set (426); a plurality of first adjusting gears (42 j) are arranged on the plant spacing adjusting shaft (424), the number of teeth of the first adjusting gears (42 j) is different from each other, and second adjusting gears (42 k) which are equal to the number of the first adjusting gears (42 j) and are meshed in a one-to-one correspondence manner are fixed on the intermediate shaft (42 i); the plant spacing adjustment assembly further comprises engagement means enabling engagement between different ones of the first adjustment gears (42 j) and the plant spacing adjustment shafts (424).

10. Multifunctional agricultural equipment with optional sowing functions according to claim 6, characterized in that one of the first output shafts (412) of the power system (4) is connected to a third input shaft (441) of a gearbox (44); the transfer box (44) further comprises two third output shafts (442); the two third output shafts (442) are respectively connected with a first oil pump (451) and a second oil pump (452), and the first oil pump (451) and the second oil pump (452) are both connected with an oil tank;

The soil leveling roller (18) of the soil preparation slotting module (1) and the transplanting mechanism (32) of the transplanting module (3) are driven to operate by a first hydraulic motor (453) and a second hydraulic motor (454) respectively;

The first oil pump (451) is a duplex pump, and two oil outlets of the first oil pump are respectively connected with the first hydraulic motor (453) and the second hydraulic motor (454);

The transplanting module (3) is connected with the soil preparation slotting module (1) through a profiling adjusting module (6); the profiling adjusting module (6) comprises a hanging frame (61), a lifting oil cylinder (62) and a flow adjusting device (64);

the second oil pump (452) is connected with the lifting oil cylinder (62) through the flow regulating device (64).

11. The multifunctional agricultural equipment with selectable sowing functions according to claim 10, characterized in that the transfer box (44) further comprises a transition shaft (443), a first reduction wheel set (444) being arranged between the third input shaft (441) and the transition shaft (443); a large driving wheel (445) is fixed on the transition shaft (443), and a small driving wheel (446) meshed with the large driving wheel (445) is fixed on each third output shaft (442).