CN115173881A - Attenuator for radio frequency transceiver and radio frequency transceiver - Google Patents
Attenuator for radio frequency transceiver and radio frequency transceiver Download PDFInfo
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- CN115173881A CN115173881A CN202210785183.7A CN202210785183A CN115173881A CN 115173881 A CN115173881 A CN 115173881A CN 202210785183 A CN202210785183 A CN 202210785183A CN 115173881 A CN115173881 A CN 115173881A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/40—Circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H11/00—Networks using active elements
- H03H11/02—Multiple-port networks
- H03H11/24—Frequency-independent attenuators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The application relates to an attenuator for a radio frequency transceiver and a radio frequency transceiver, wherein a receiving path transformer and a transmitting path transformer are stacked; the receiving path transformer and the transmitting path transformer share an attenuator which is arranged between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the receiving path transformer and the transmitting path transformer; the attenuator comprises n coupling coils which adopt coupling wires to form a passive inductance structure; the attenuator is used for enabling the current working path transformer to achieve different total attenuation values by controlling the coupling coils and the ground wire to be in different conduction states. The attenuator adopts a passive inductance structure, and has no directivity, so the attenuator can be matched with the stacked transformer for use, and can realize the attenuation function under a receiving path and a transmitting path.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to an attenuator for a radio frequency transceiver and a radio frequency transceiver.
Background
As shown in fig. 1, a conventional radio frequency transceiver structure (radio frequency transceiver) includes independent power detection paths, a receiving path (RX), and a transmitting path (TX), and magnetic coupling between the transformer of the transmitter and the receiving path may cause signal crosstalk between the two paths, so that a larger distance is required between the two paths to reduce magnetic coupling, and thus signals between the two paths do not interfere with each other, and thus a larger chip area is consumed. In addition, a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) is required for both the receive path and the transmit path, thereby further consuming chip area and increasing chip cost.
The prior art does not provide an effective solution to the above-mentioned problems with radio frequency transceiver architectures.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problem or at least partially solve the above technical problem, the present application provides an attenuator for a radio frequency transceiving apparatus and a radio frequency transceiving apparatus.
In a first aspect, the present application provides an attenuator for a radio frequency transceiver device in which a receive path transformer and a transmit path transformer are arranged in a stack; the receiving path transformer and the transmitting path transformer share an attenuator, and the attenuator is arranged between primary coils and secondary coils of the receiving path transformer and the transmitting path transformer;
the attenuator comprises n coupling coils which adopt coupling wires to form a passive inductance structure; the attenuator is used for enabling the current working path transformer to realize different total attenuation values by controlling each coupling coil and the ground wire to be in different conduction states; the current working path is a receiving path in a working state at present or a transmitting path in the working state at present.
Optionally, the attenuator further comprises 2n control switches and a control unit; two ends of each coupling coil are respectively provided with a control switch, and each control switch is connected with the ground wire and the control unit; the control unit is used for controlling the conduction state of each coupling coil and the ground wire through each control switch.
Optionally, when the control switches at two ends of a coupling coil are in a conducting state, the control switches at two ends of the coupling coil are equivalent to a resistor, the coupling coil is conducted with the ground wire through the control switches, and single attenuation is added to the current working path transformer; when the control switches at two ends of a coupling coil are in an off state, the coupling coil floats, and the gain of the current working path transformer is not influenced by the coupling coil.
Optionally, the number n of the coupling coils is set according to a preset total attenuation value of the current working path transformer and a single attenuation value of each coupling coil separately causing the current working path transformer.
Optionally, the single attenuation value caused by each coupling coil is determined by the value of the coupling coefficient change between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the current working path transformer caused by the coupling coil.
Optionally, the coupling coefficient variation value is determined by a first coupling coefficient and a second coupling coefficient; the first coupling coefficient is a coupling coefficient between the coupling coil and the primary coil of the current working path transformer, and the second coupling coefficient is a coupling coefficient between the coupling coil and the secondary coil of the current working path transformer.
Optionally, the individual attenuations caused by each coupling coil are different or the same.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a radio frequency transceiver device, which is packaged in a chip, and includes a receiving path, a transmitting path, and the attenuator described above; in the chip, the receive path and the transmit path are arranged in a stack.
Optionally, the receiving path and the transmitting path are both provided with a three-stage transformer; according to the direction of a receiving signal of the radio frequency receiving and transmitting device, the three-stage transformers are respectively a first-stage transformer, a second-stage transformer and a third-stage transformer; the first-stage transformer is not provided with the attenuator, and the second-stage transformer and the third-stage transformer are both provided with attenuators.
Optionally, two adjacent inductor coils in each stage of transformer are twisted according to a preset shape and are arranged on different metal layers of the chip.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has the following advantages:
according to the attenuator for the radio frequency transceiver and the radio frequency transceiver provided by the embodiment of the application, the attenuator is of a passive inductance structure, and the directivity does not exist, so that the attenuator can be matched with the stacked transformer for use, and the attenuation function can be realized under a receiving path and a transmitting path at the same time; meanwhile, a receiving path transformer and a transmitting path transformer are stacked in the radio frequency transceiver, so that the receiving path transformer and the transmitting path transformer share the attenuator, the chip area utilization rate of the radio frequency transceiver is effectively increased, and a coupled line mode is adopted, a gain adjusting device is not required to be arranged independently, so that the cost is effectively reduced; in addition, different total attenuation values of the current working path transformer are realized by adjusting different conduction states of each coupling coil and the ground wire.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional RF transceiver;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a radio frequency transceiver according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial schematic diagram of the RF transceiver shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an adjustable attenuator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the following description, suffixes such as "module", "component", or "unit" used to denote elements are used only for facilitating the explanation of the present invention, and have no specific meaning in itself. Thus, "module", "component" or "unit" may be used mixedly.
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a conventional radio frequency transceiving mechanism. As shown in fig. 1, a conventional radio frequency transceiver architecture includes separate power detection (RX) and Transmit (TX) paths, wherein the RX path includes multiple stages of Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs), phase Shifters (PSs), VGAs, etc., and the transmit path includes multiple stages of amplifiers (PAs), phase Shifters (PS), VGAs, etc.; the receiving antenna switches a receiving path and a transmitting path by a Switch (T/R Switch).
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an rf transceiver according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the phase shifter of fig. 2. As shown in fig. 2-3, to solve the problem of chip area, an embodiment of the present invention provides a T/R folding structure, in which three paths of a conventional rf transceiver are folded, and when the transceiver is in a receiving mode, a switch is switched to the receiving path, so as to transmit a receiving signal of a receiving Antenna (ANT) to a multi-stage low noise amplifier, a transformer, an attenuator, and a phase shifter, thereby implementing signal reception. When the phase shifter works in a transmitting mode, the phase shifter transmits an output signal to the PA, VDS =1V of the PA, and the transistor works normally; the first stage transistor VDS =0 of the LNA, the transistor is turned off, the transistor is equivalent to an off capacitor, but the L3 can still couple the output signal of the PA in the transmission mode to the LNA, the coupled signal is small, but the output signal can be detected from the power detection port after being amplified by the second stage LNA and the third stage LNA, so that the function of realizing power detection by using the LNA under the operation of the PA in the transmission mode is realized, therefore, the embodiment of the invention realizes three functions on the basis of consuming the same area as that of a branch circuit designed conventionally, and the area utilization efficiency is greatly increased.
As shown in fig. 2-4, in the embodiment of the present invention, the rf transceiver is packaged in a chip, and a folding transformer is used to eliminate the magnetic coupling between the transmitting path and the receiving path, so that the receiving path and the transmitting path can be completely stacked together. The receiving path transformer is directly embedded in the transmitting path transformer, and more than half of the area is saved on the premise of hardly influencing the performance. The transformer is arranged between two adjacent stages of amplifiers of the radio frequency transceiver, and each stage of amplifier of the radio frequency transceiver is divided into each stage of Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) of a receiving path and each stage of Power Amplifier (PA) of a transmitting path.
Each stage of amplifier is provided with an inductance coil, and two inductance coils of two adjacent stages of amplifiers form a transformer. As shown in the figure, the first stage amplifier to the fourth stage amplifier may be defined according to the transmission direction of the reception signal of the reception receiving antenna in a specific implementation. The first Stage amplifier is a low noise amplifier (LNA Stage-1) or a power amplifier (PA Stage-4), and the second Stage amplifier is a low noise amplifier (LNA Stage-2) or a power amplifier (PA Stage-3); the third Stage amplifier is a low noise amplifier (LNA Stage-2) or a power amplifier (PA Stage-3); the fourth Stage amplifier is a low noise amplifier (LNA Stage-4) or a power amplifier (PA Stage-1).
The receiving path and the transmitting path are provided with three stages of transformers; according to the direction of a receiving signal of the radio frequency receiving and transmitting device, the three-stage transformers are respectively a first-stage transformer, a second-stage transformer and a third-stage transformer; the first-stage transformer is not provided with the attenuator, and the second-stage transformer and the third-stage transformer are both provided with attenuators. That is, the transformer between the first-stage amplifier and the second-stage amplifier is referred to as a first-stage transformer, no attenuator is provided, the transformer between the second-stage amplifier and the third-stage amplifier and the transformer between the third-stage amplifier and the fourth-stage amplifier are referred to as a second-stage transformer and a third-stage transformer, respectively, and the second-stage transformer and the third-stage transformer are both provided with attenuators.
Optionally, two adjacent inductor coils in each stage of transformer are twisted according to a preset shape and are arranged on different metal layers of the chip. For example, the two inductor coils of each transformer of the receiving path are twisted into a figure 8 according to the figure, the inductor after being folded can self-cancel the magnetic coupling with other transformers, the two inductor coils of the transformer of the receiving path are folded into a figure 8, the magnetic couplings between the two coils of the transformer are not influenced by each other because the two coils are folded at the same time, and the magnetic couplings of the upper half coil and the lower half coil can be cancelled.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a transformer with an attenuator according to an embodiment of the present invention. The attenuator is disposed between the transformers of the adjacent two stages of amplifiers in the stack. Specifically, two adjacent stages of amplifiers are respectively connected with two inductance coils, the two inductance coils respectively form a primary coil and a secondary coil of the transformer, and the attenuator is arranged between the primary coil and the secondary coil. Based on the arrangement, compared with the traditional radio frequency transceiving mechanism shown in fig. 1, a plurality of VGAs do not need to be arranged behind the phase shifter, so that the chip area consumption is further reduced, and the chip cost is reduced. In some embodiments, the attenuator may allow for an adjustable total attenuation between the primary coil and the secondary coil.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an attenuator of an embodiment of the present invention. A receiving path transformer (namely, a transformer of a receiving path) and a transmitting path transformer (a transformer of a transmitting path) in the radio frequency transceiver are arranged in a stacking manner; the receiving path transformer and the transmitting path transformer share an attenuator which is arranged between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the receiving path transformer and the transmitting path transformer; namely between the primary and secondary coils of the receive path transformer and between the primary and secondary coils of the transmit path transformer;
the attenuator comprises n coupling coils which adopt coupling wires to form a passive inductance structure; the attenuator is used for enabling the current working path transformer to realize different total attenuation values by controlling each coupling coil and the ground wire to be in different conduction states; the current working path is a receiving path in a working state at present or a transmitting path in the working state at present; wherein n is an integer greater than 1.
The attenuator in the embodiment of the invention adopts a passive inductance structure, and has no directivity, so that the attenuator can be matched with the stacked transformer for use, and can realize the attenuation function under a receiving path and a transmitting path at the same time; meanwhile, a receiving path transformer and a transmitting path transformer are stacked in the radio frequency transceiver, so that the receiving path transformer and the transmitting path transformer share an attenuator, the chip area utilization rate of the radio frequency transceiver is effectively increased, and a coupling line mode is adopted, so that a gain adjusting device (such as a VGA) is not required to be independently arranged, and the cost is effectively reduced; in addition, different total attenuation values of the current working path transformer are realized by adjusting different conduction states of each coupling coil and the ground wire.
Optionally, the attenuator further comprises 2n Control switches and Control units (Control units); in a specific implementation, the control unit can be composed of two independent control units. Two ends of each coupling coil are respectively provided with a control switch, and each control switch is connected with the ground wire and the control unit; the control switch is optionally a transistor; the control unit is used for controlling the conduction state of each coupling coil and the ground wire through each control switch. Each coupling coil is disposed between the primary and secondary coils of the receive path transformer and the transmit path transformer. In the present embodiment, the control unit controls the operating state of the control switch, for example, the control unit transmits a control signal 0 or 1 to each control unit for control, so that not only the total attenuation value of the operation path transformer can be dynamically adjusted, but also the control method can be simplified and the control complexity can be reduced.
When control switches at two ends of a coupling coil are in a conducting state, the control switches at the two ends of the coupling coil are equivalent to a resistor, the coupling coil is conducted with a ground wire through the control switches, and single attenuation is added to the current working path transformer; when the control switches at two ends of one coupling coil are in an off state, the coupling coil floats, and the coupling coil does not influence the gain of the transformer in the current working path. Single attenuation means that one coupling coil alone causes attenuation of the transformer.
In some embodiments, the number n of coupling coils is set according to a preset total attenuation value of the current operating path transformer and a single attenuation value of each coupling coil individually causing the current operating path transformer. Of course, the individual attenuations caused by each coupling coil are different or the same. In the same case, total attenuation value = product of single attenuation value and number n. In different cases, total attenuation value = the sum of the individual attenuation values of all coupled coils.
In some embodiments, the single attenuation value caused by each coupling coil is determined by a value of a change in coupling coefficient between a primary coil and a secondary coil of the current working path transformer caused by the coupling coil. Optionally, as shown in fig. 5, the coupling coefficient variation value Δ K is determined by a first coupling coefficient K1 and a second coupling coefficient K2, i.e., Δ K = K1 × K2; the first coupling coefficient is a coupling coefficient between the coupling coil and the primary coil of the current working path transformer, and the second coupling coefficient is a coupling coefficient between the coupling coil and the secondary coil of the current working path transformer.
In the embodiment, the attenuator adopts a passive inductance structure, and has no directivity, so that the attenuator can be used together with the stacked transformer to realize the attenuation function in the receiving and transmitting modes. The basic principle of the attenuator is as follows: the loss of the current working path transformer is controlled by controlling the on and off of the transistor switch, when the transistor switch is switched on, two ends of the coupling line are equivalent to be grounded through a resistor, a part of signals are coupled to the ground from the coil, so that the loss of the coil is increased, and the gain of the radio frequency transceiver is reduced; when the transistor switch is switched off, the coupling line floats, the energy loss through the coupling line is very small, and the gain of the radio frequency transceiver is almost unchanged, so that different system gains can be realized by controlling different combinations of on and off of different coupling lines, and the function of the attenuator is realized.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An attenuator for a radio frequency transceiver device, wherein a receive path transformer and a transmit path transformer are stacked in the radio frequency transceiver device; the receiving path transformer and the transmitting path transformer share an attenuator which is arranged between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the receiving path transformer and the transmitting path transformer;
the attenuator comprises n coupling coils which adopt coupling wires to form a passive inductance structure; the attenuator is used for enabling the current working path transformer to realize different total attenuation values by controlling each coupling coil and the ground wire to be in different conduction states; the current working path is a receiving path in a working state at present or a transmitting path in the working state at present.
2. The attenuator for radio frequency transceiving apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising 2n control switches and control units; two ends of each coupling coil are respectively provided with a control switch, and each control switch is connected with the ground wire and the control unit; and the control unit is used for controlling the conduction state of each coupling coil and the ground wire through each control switch.
3. The attenuator of claim 1, wherein when the control switches at two ends of a coupling coil are turned on, the control switches at two ends of the coupling coil are equivalent to resistors, the coupling coil is turned on to ground through the control switches, and a single attenuation is added to the transformer at the current working path; when the control switches at two ends of a coupling coil are in an off state, the coupling coil floats, and the gain of the current working path transformer is not influenced by the coupling coil.
4. The attenuator for radio frequency transceiving apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the number n of the coupling coils is set according to a preset total attenuation value of the current operation path transformer and a single attenuation value of each coupling coil individually causing the current operation path transformer.
5. The attenuator for radio frequency transceiving apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the single attenuation value caused by each coupling coil is determined by a coupling coefficient change value between a primary coil and a secondary coil of the current operating path transformer caused by the coupling coil.
6. The attenuator for radio frequency transceiving apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the coupling coefficient variation value is determined by a first coupling coefficient and a second coupling coefficient; the first coupling coefficient is a coupling coefficient between the coupling coil and the primary coil of the current working path transformer, and the second coupling coefficient is a coupling coefficient between the coupling coil and the secondary coil of the current working path transformer.
7. The attenuator for radio frequency transmissions and receptions as set forth in claim 3, wherein the individual attenuations caused by each of the coupling coils are different or the same.
8. A radio frequency transceiver device, wherein the radio frequency transceiver device is packaged in a chip, the radio frequency transceiver device comprising a receive path, a transmit path, and the attenuator of any one of claims 1-7; in the chip, the receive path and the transmit path are arranged in a stack.
9. The radio frequency transceiver device of claim 8, wherein the receive path and the transmit path are each provided with a three-stage transformer; according to the direction of a receiving signal of the radio frequency transceiver, the three-stage transformers are respectively a first-stage transformer, a second-stage transformer and a third-stage transformer; the first-stage transformer is not provided with the attenuator, and the second-stage transformer and the third-stage transformer are both provided with attenuators.
10. The radio frequency transceiver device of claim 8, wherein two adjacent inductors of each transformer are twisted according to a predetermined shape and are disposed on different metal layers of the chip.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210785183.7A CN115173881B (en) | 2022-07-05 | 2022-07-05 | Attenuator for radio frequency transceiver and radio frequency transceiver |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210785183.7A CN115173881B (en) | 2022-07-05 | 2022-07-05 | Attenuator for radio frequency transceiver and radio frequency transceiver |
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| CN115173881A true CN115173881A (en) | 2022-10-11 |
| CN115173881B CN115173881B (en) | 2023-05-23 |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09153772A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-10 | Toko Inc | High frequency tuning circuit |
| US6147568A (en) * | 1998-02-26 | 2000-11-14 | Mitel Semiconductor Limited | Radio-frequency variable attenuator |
| US6888436B1 (en) * | 1999-09-28 | 2005-05-03 | Denkenseiki Re. In. Corporation | Isolation transformers |
| WO2016002737A1 (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2016-01-07 | 株式会社村田製作所 | High frequency module |
| US10574287B1 (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-02-25 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Wireless transceiver with reconfigurable transformers |
| WO2021239226A1 (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-02 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Fast antenna switch |
| CN216252731U (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-04-08 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | Radio frequency transceiver |
-
2022
- 2022-07-05 CN CN202210785183.7A patent/CN115173881B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09153772A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-10 | Toko Inc | High frequency tuning circuit |
| US6147568A (en) * | 1998-02-26 | 2000-11-14 | Mitel Semiconductor Limited | Radio-frequency variable attenuator |
| US6888436B1 (en) * | 1999-09-28 | 2005-05-03 | Denkenseiki Re. In. Corporation | Isolation transformers |
| WO2016002737A1 (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2016-01-07 | 株式会社村田製作所 | High frequency module |
| US10574287B1 (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-02-25 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Wireless transceiver with reconfigurable transformers |
| WO2021239226A1 (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-02 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Fast antenna switch |
| CN216252731U (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-04-08 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | Radio frequency transceiver |
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| CN115173881B (en) | 2023-05-23 |
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