CN115173881B - Attenuator for radio frequency transceiver and radio frequency transceiver - Google Patents
Attenuator for radio frequency transceiver and radio frequency transceiver Download PDFInfo
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- CN115173881B CN115173881B CN202210785183.7A CN202210785183A CN115173881B CN 115173881 B CN115173881 B CN 115173881B CN 202210785183 A CN202210785183 A CN 202210785183A CN 115173881 B CN115173881 B CN 115173881B
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- transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/40—Circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H11/00—Networks using active elements
- H03H11/02—Multiple-port networks
- H03H11/24—Frequency-independent attenuators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The application relates to an attenuator for a radio frequency transceiver and the radio frequency transceiver, wherein a receiving path transformer and a transmitting path transformer in the radio frequency transceiver are stacked; the receiving path transformer and the transmitting path transformer share an attenuator, and the attenuator is arranged between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the receiving path transformer and the transmitting path transformer; the attenuator comprises n coupling coils which adopt coupling lines to form a passive inductance structure; the attenuator is used for enabling the current working path transformer to achieve different total attenuation values by controlling the coupling coils and the ground wire to be in different conducting states. The attenuator adopts a passive inductance structure, has no directivity, can be matched with the stacked transformer for use, and can realize the attenuation function under the receiving path and the transmitting path simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to an attenuator for a radio frequency transceiver and a radio frequency transceiver.
Background
As shown in fig. 1, a conventional radio frequency transceiver structure (radio frequency transceiver device) includes a separate power detection path, a receiving path (RX) and a transmitting path (TX), and magnetic coupling between the receiving path and a transformer of a transmitter causes signal crosstalk between the two paths, so that a larger distance is required between the two paths to reduce the magnetic coupling, thereby achieving the purpose that signals between the two paths do not interfere with each other, which consumes a larger chip area. In addition, a Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) is required for both the receive path and the transmit path, thereby further consuming chip area and increasing chip cost.
The prior art does not give an effective solution to the above-mentioned problems with radio frequency transceiver structures.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the above technical problems or at least partially solve the above technical problems, the present application provides an attenuator for a radio frequency transceiver and a radio frequency transceiver.
In a first aspect, the present application provides an attenuator for a radio frequency transceiver in which a receive path transformer and a transmit path transformer are stacked; the receiving path transformer and the transmitting path transformer share an attenuator, and the attenuator is arranged between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the receiving path transformer and the transmitting path transformer;
the attenuator comprises n coupling coils which adopt coupling lines to form a passive inductance structure; the attenuator is used for enabling the current working path transformer to realize different total attenuation values by controlling each coupling coil to be in different conducting states with the ground wire; the current working path is a receiving path in a current working state or a transmitting path in a current working state.
Optionally, the attenuator further comprises 2n control switches and control units; two ends of each coupling coil are respectively provided with a control switch, and each control switch is connected with the ground wire and the control unit; the control unit is used for controlling the conducting state of each coupling coil and the ground wire through each control switch.
Optionally, when the control switches at two ends of a coupling coil are in a conducting state, the control switches at two ends of the coupling coil are equivalent to resistors, the coupling coil is conducted with a ground wire through the control switches, and single attenuation is added to the transformer of the current working path; when the control switches at two ends of a coupling coil are in an off state, the coupling coil floats, and the coupling coil does not influence the gain of the current working path transformer.
Optionally, the number n of coupling coils is set according to a preset total attenuation value of the current working path transformer and a single attenuation value of the current working path transformer caused by each coupling coil individually.
Optionally, the single attenuation value caused by each coupling coil is determined by the coupling coefficient variation value between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the current working path transformer caused by the coupling coil.
Optionally, the coupling coefficient variation value is determined by a first coupling coefficient and a second coupling coefficient; the first coupling coefficient is a coupling coefficient between the coupling coil and a primary coil of the current working path transformer, and the second coupling coefficient is a coupling coefficient between the coupling coil and a secondary coil of the current working path transformer.
Alternatively, the single attenuation caused by each coupling coil is different or the same.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a radio frequency transceiver device, the radio frequency transceiver device being packaged in a chip, the radio frequency transceiver device comprising a receive path, a transmit path, and an attenuator as defined in any one of the above; in the chip, the reception path and the transmission path are stacked.
Optionally, the receiving path and the transmitting path are both provided with a three-stage transformer; according to the direction of the received signals of the radio frequency transceiver, the three-stage transformers are a first-stage transformer, a second-stage transformer and a third-stage transformer respectively; the first-stage transformer is not provided with the attenuator, and the second-stage transformer and the third-stage transformer are both provided with the attenuator.
Optionally, two adjacent inductance coils in each stage of transformer are twisted according to a preset shape and are arranged on different metal layers of the chip.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has the following advantages:
according to the attenuator for the radio frequency transceiver and the radio frequency transceiver, the attenuator adopts the passive inductance structure, and directivity does not exist, so that the attenuator can be matched with the stacked transformer for use, and the attenuation function can be realized under a receiving path and a transmitting path; meanwhile, a receiving path transformer and a transmitting path transformer are stacked in the radio frequency transceiver, so that the receiving path transformer and the transmitting path transformer share an attenuator, the chip area utilization rate of the radio frequency transceiver is effectively increased, a coupling line mode is adopted, a gain adjusting device is not required to be arranged independently, and the cost is effectively reduced; in addition, different total attenuation values of the current working path transformer are realized by adjusting different conducting states of the coupling coils and the ground wire.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a prior art radio frequency transceiver;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a radio frequency transceiver according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial schematic diagram of the radio frequency transceiver shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an adjustable attenuator according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the following description, suffixes such as "module", "component", or "unit" for representing elements are used only for facilitating the description of the present invention, and have no specific meaning per se. Thus, "module," "component," or "unit" may be used in combination.
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a conventional radio frequency transceiver mechanism. As shown in fig. 1, the conventional radio frequency transceiver structure includes independent power detection paths, a reception path (RX), and a transmission path (TX), wherein the reception path includes a multi-stage Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), a Phase Shifter (PS), a VGA, etc., and the transmission path includes a multi-stage amplifier (PA), a Phase Shifter (PS), a VGA, etc.; the receiving antenna switches the receiving path and the transmitting path by a switching Switch (T/R Switch).
Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of a radio frequency transceiver provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the phase shifter of fig. 2. As shown in fig. 2-3, in order to solve the chip area problem, the embodiment of the invention provides a T/R folding structure, wherein three paths of a conventional radio frequency transceiver are formed into a folding structure, and when the radio frequency transceiver is in a receiving operation mode, a switch is used to switch to a receiving path, so that a receiving signal of a receiving Antenna (ANT) is transmitted to a multi-stage low noise amplifier, a transformer, an attenuator and a phase shifter, and signal receiving is realized. When the phase shifter works in a transmitting mode, the phase shifter transmits an output signal to the PA, vds=1v of the PA, and the transistor works normally; the first stage transistor VDS=0 of LNA, the transistor is cut off, the transistor is equivalent to a cut-off capacitor, but L3 can still couple the output signal of PA in the transmitting mode into LNA, the coupled signal is smaller, but can be detected from the power detection port after being amplified by the second stage LNA and the third stage LNA, thus realizing the function of realizing power detection by using LNA under the working of the transmitting mode PA.
As shown in fig. 2 to fig. 4, in the embodiment of the present invention, the radio frequency transceiver is packaged in a chip, and a folded transformer is used to eliminate magnetic coupling between a transmit path and a receive path, so that the receive path and the transmit path can be completely stacked together. The receiving path transformer is directly embedded into the transmitting path transformer, and more than half of the area is saved on the premise of hardly influencing the performance. The transformer is arranged between two adjacent stages of amplifiers of the radio frequency transceiver, and each stage of amplifier of the radio frequency transceiver is divided into each stage of Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) of a receiving path and each stage of Power Amplifier (PA) of a transmitting path.
Each stage of amplifier is provided with an inductance coil, and two inductance coils of two adjacent stages of amplifiers form a transformer. As shown, the first stage amplifier to the fourth stage amplifier may be defined in a specific implementation according to a transmission direction of a reception signal of the reception antenna. The first-Stage amplifier is a low-noise amplifier (LNA Stage-1) or a power amplifier (PA Stage-4), and the second-Stage amplifier is a low-noise amplifier (LNA Stage-2) or a power amplifier (PA Stage-3); the third-Stage amplifier is a low noise amplifier (LNA Stage-2) or a power amplifier (PA Stage-3); the fourth Stage amplifier is a low noise amplifier (LNA Stage-4) or a power amplifier (PA Stage-1).
Wherein, the receiving path and the transmitting path are both provided with three-stage transformers; according to the direction of the received signals of the radio frequency transceiver, the three-stage transformers are a first-stage transformer, a second-stage transformer and a third-stage transformer respectively; the first-stage transformer is not provided with the attenuator, and the second-stage transformer and the third-stage transformer are both provided with the attenuator. That is, the transformers between the first-stage amplifier and the second-stage amplifier are referred to as a first-stage transformer, no attenuator is provided, the transformers between the second-stage amplifier and the third-stage amplifier, and the transformers between the third-stage amplifier and the fourth-stage amplifier are referred to as a second-stage transformer and a third-stage transformer, respectively, each of which is provided with an attenuator.
Optionally, two adjacent inductance coils in each stage of transformer are twisted according to a preset shape and are arranged on different metal layers of the chip. For example, the two inductance coils of each transformer of the receiving path are twisted into 8 shapes according to the illustration, the inductance after folding can be seen to self-offset the magnetic coupling of other transformers, the two inductance coils of the receiving path transformer are folded into 8 shapes, the magnetic coupling between the two coils of the transformer is not affected mutually because the two coils are folded simultaneously, and the magnetic coupling of the upper half circle and the lower half circle can be offset mutually.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a transformer with an attenuator according to an embodiment of the invention. The attenuator is disposed between transformers of adjacent two-stage amplifiers of the stack. Specifically, two adjacent two-stage amplifiers are respectively connected with two inductance coils, the two inductance coils respectively form a primary coil and a secondary coil of the transformer, and an attenuator is arranged between the primary coil and the secondary coil. Based on this arrangement, it is not necessary to provide a plurality of VGAs behind the phase shifter, compared to the conventional radio frequency transceiver mechanism shown in fig. 1, thereby further reducing the chip area consumption and the chip cost. In some embodiments, the attenuator may achieve an overall attenuation adjustability between the primary and secondary coils.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an attenuator according to an embodiment of the present invention. A receiving path transformer (i.e. a transformer of a receiving path) and a transmitting path transformer (a transformer of a transmitting path) in the radio frequency transceiver are stacked; the receiving path transformer and the transmitting path transformer share an attenuator, and the attenuator is arranged between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the receiving path transformer and the transmitting path transformer; namely, between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the receiving path transformer and between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the transmitting path transformer;
the attenuator comprises n coupling coils which adopt coupling lines to form a passive inductance structure; the attenuator is used for enabling the current working path transformer to realize different total attenuation values by controlling each coupling coil to be in different conducting states with the ground wire; the current working path is a receiving path in a current working state or a transmitting path in a current working state; wherein n is an integer greater than 1.
The attenuator of the embodiment of the invention adopts a passive inductance structure, has no directivity, can be matched with the stacked transformer for use, and can realize the attenuation function under a receiving path and a transmitting path simultaneously; meanwhile, a receiving path transformer and a transmitting path transformer are stacked in the radio frequency transceiver, so that the receiving path transformer and the transmitting path transformer share an attenuator, the chip area utilization rate of the radio frequency transceiver is effectively increased, and a coupling line mode is adopted, a gain adjusting device (such as VGA) is not required to be independently arranged, and the cost is effectively reduced; in addition, different total attenuation values of the current working path transformer are realized by adjusting different conducting states of the coupling coils and the ground wire.
Optionally, the attenuator further comprises 2n Control switches and Control units (Control units); the control unit may be composed of two independent control units in a specific implementation. Two ends of each coupling coil are respectively provided with a control switch, and each control switch is connected with the ground wire and the control unit; the control switch is optionally a transistor; the control unit is used for controlling the conducting state of each coupling coil and the ground wire through each control switch. Each coupling coil is disposed between the primary and secondary coils of the reception path transformer and the transmission path transformer. In this embodiment, the control unit controls the working state of the control switch, for example, sends a control signal 0 or 1 to each control unit to control, so that not only can the total attenuation value of the working path transformer be dynamically adjusted, but also the control mode is simplified, and the control complexity is reduced.
When the control switches at two ends of a coupling coil are in a conducting state, the control switches at two ends of the coupling coil are equivalent to resistors, the coupling coil is conducted with a ground wire through the control switches, and single attenuation is added to a current working path transformer; when the control switches at two ends of a coupling coil are in an off state, the coupling coil floats, and the coupling coil does not influence the gain of the current working path transformer. Single attenuation means that one coupling coil alone causes attenuation of the transformer.
In some embodiments, the number n of coupling coils is set according to a preset total attenuation value of the current working path transformer and a single attenuation value of the current working path transformer caused by each coupling coil alone. Of course, the single attenuation caused by each coupling coil is different or the same. In the same case, total attenuation value = product of single attenuation value and number n. In different cases, the total attenuation value = sum of the single attenuation values of all coupled coils.
In some embodiments, the single attenuation value caused by each coupling coil is determined by the coupling coil causing a change in coupling coefficient between the primary and secondary coils of the current working path transformer. Alternatively, as shown in fig. 5, the coupling coefficient variation value Δk is determined by the first coupling coefficient K1 and the second coupling coefficient K2, i.e., Δk=k1×k2; the first coupling coefficient is a coupling coefficient between the coupling coil and a primary coil of the current working path transformer, and the second coupling coefficient is a coupling coefficient between the coupling coil and a secondary coil of the current working path transformer.
In this embodiment, the attenuator adopts a passive inductance structure, and has no directivity, so that the attenuator can realize attenuation functions in both receiving and transmitting modes when being used in combination with the stacked transformer. The basic principle of the attenuator is as follows: the loss of the transformer in the current working path is controlled by controlling the on and off of the transistor switch, when the transistor switch is on, the two ends of the coupling line are equivalent to the grounding through a resistor, and a part of signals are coupled to the ground from the coil, so that the loss of the coil is increased, and the gain of the radio frequency transceiver is reduced; when the transistor switch is disconnected, the coupling line floats, the energy lost by the coupling line is very small, and the gain of the radio frequency transceiver is almost unchanged, so that different system gains can be realized by controlling different combinations of on and off of different coupling lines, and the function of the attenuator is realized.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing embodiment numbers of the present invention are merely for the purpose of description, and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many forms may be made by those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims, which are to be protected by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An attenuator for a radio frequency transceiver, wherein a receive path transformer and a transmit path transformer in the radio frequency transceiver are stacked; the receiving path transformer and the transmitting path transformer share an attenuator, and the attenuator is arranged between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the receiving path transformer and the transmitting path transformer;
the attenuator comprises n coupling coils which adopt coupling lines to form a passive inductance structure; the attenuator is used for enabling the current working path transformer to realize different total attenuation values by controlling each coupling coil to be in different conducting states with the ground wire; the current working path is a receiving path in a current working state or a transmitting path in a current working state; n is an integer greater than 1.
2. The attenuator for a radio frequency fransceiver device of claim 1, further comprising 2n control switches and control units; two ends of each coupling coil are respectively provided with a control switch, and each control switch is connected with the ground wire and the control unit; the control unit is used for controlling the conducting state of each coupling coil and the ground wire through each control switch.
3. The attenuator for use in a radio frequency fransceiver device of claim 2, wherein when the control switches at both ends of a coupling coil are in a conductive state, the control switches at both ends of the coupling coil are equivalent to resistors, the coupling coil is conducted to a ground line through the control switches, and a single attenuation is added to the current working path transformer; when the control switches at two ends of a coupling coil are in an off state, the coupling coil floats, and the coupling coil does not influence the gain of the current working path transformer.
4. The attenuator for a radio frequency fransceiver device according to claim 2, characterized in that the number n of coupling coils is set according to a preset total attenuation value of the current operating path transformer and a single attenuation value of the current operating path transformer caused by each coupling coil alone.
5. An attenuator for a radio frequency fransceiver device according to claim 3, characterized in that the single attenuation value caused by each coupling coil is determined by the coupling coefficient variation value between the primary coil and the secondary coil of the current operational path transformer caused by the coupling coil.
6. The attenuator for a radio frequency fransceiver device of claim 5, wherein the coupling coefficient variation value is determined by a first coupling coefficient and a second coupling coefficient; the first coupling coefficient is a coupling coefficient between the coupling coil and a primary coil of the current working path transformer, and the second coupling coefficient is a coupling coefficient between the coupling coil and a secondary coil of the current working path transformer.
7. An attenuator for use in a radio frequency fransceiver device according to claim 3, wherein the single attenuation caused by each coupling coil is different or the same.
8. A radio frequency transceiver device, wherein the radio frequency transceiver device is packaged in a chip, the radio frequency transceiver device comprising a receive path, a transmit path, and an attenuator according to any one of claims 1-7; in the chip, the reception path and the transmission path are stacked.
9. The radio frequency transceiver device of claim 8, wherein the receive path and the transmit path are each provided with a tertiary transformer; according to the direction of the received signals of the radio frequency transceiver, the three-stage transformers are a first-stage transformer, a second-stage transformer and a third-stage transformer respectively; the first-stage transformer is not provided with the attenuator, and the second-stage transformer and the third-stage transformer are both provided with the attenuator.
10. The radio frequency transceiver of claim 9, wherein two adjacent inductor coils in each of the first, second and third transformers are twisted according to a predetermined shape and disposed on different metal layers of the chip.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210785183.7A CN115173881B (en) | 2022-07-05 | 2022-07-05 | Attenuator for radio frequency transceiver and radio frequency transceiver |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210785183.7A CN115173881B (en) | 2022-07-05 | 2022-07-05 | Attenuator for radio frequency transceiver and radio frequency transceiver |
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| CN115173881A CN115173881A (en) | 2022-10-11 |
| CN115173881B true CN115173881B (en) | 2023-05-23 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09153772A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-10 | Toko Inc | High frequency tuning circuit |
| US6147568A (en) * | 1998-02-26 | 2000-11-14 | Mitel Semiconductor Limited | Radio-frequency variable attenuator |
| US6888436B1 (en) * | 1999-09-28 | 2005-05-03 | Denkenseiki Re. In. Corporation | Isolation transformers |
| WO2016002737A1 (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2016-01-07 | 株式会社村田製作所 | High frequency module |
| US10574287B1 (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-02-25 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Wireless transceiver with reconfigurable transformers |
| WO2021239226A1 (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-02 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Fast antenna switch |
| CN216252731U (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-04-08 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | Radio frequency transceiver |
-
2022
- 2022-07-05 CN CN202210785183.7A patent/CN115173881B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09153772A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-10 | Toko Inc | High frequency tuning circuit |
| US6147568A (en) * | 1998-02-26 | 2000-11-14 | Mitel Semiconductor Limited | Radio-frequency variable attenuator |
| US6888436B1 (en) * | 1999-09-28 | 2005-05-03 | Denkenseiki Re. In. Corporation | Isolation transformers |
| WO2016002737A1 (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2016-01-07 | 株式会社村田製作所 | High frequency module |
| US10574287B1 (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-02-25 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Wireless transceiver with reconfigurable transformers |
| WO2021239226A1 (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-02 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Fast antenna switch |
| CN216252731U (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-04-08 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | Radio frequency transceiver |
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| CN115173881A (en) | 2022-10-11 |
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