CN115167816A - Quantum random number generation control method and quantum random number generation device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quantum random number generation control method and a quantum random number generation device, and relates to the field of quantum communication equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum communication equipment, in particular to a quantum random number generation control method and a quantum random number generation device.
Background
Quantum random numbers are true random numbers, the principle being based essentially on quantum properties. The generation mode comprises vacuum fluctuation noise, phase noise, LED noise, SLED noise and the like, and the phase noise of pulsed light generated by the laser is interfered by the optical fiber interferometer and then converted into amplitude to be detected by the photoelectric detector, so that random numbers are generated.
In the process of generating quantum random numbers based on phase noise, the front pulse light and the rear pulse light generate various pulse lights with different amplitudes when interfering. The positions of the front pulse light and the rear pulse light are aligned by an interferometer, but when the pulse light is sampled by an analog-to-digital converter, a time delay chip is needed to adjust the light emitting position of the light source or the sampling position of the analog-to-digital converter. When the pulsed light is aligned with the sampling position, normal sampling can be performed. The scheme has the defects that: due to the attribute characteristics of the delay chip, when the working temperature changes, the delay position also changes greatly, the detected data value is not accurate, the pulse optical signal cannot be effectively sampled, the performance of the quantum random number generating device is poor, the price of the delay chip is high, and the cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a quantum random number generation control method and a quantum random number generation device, which are used for solving the defects of poor performance and high cost in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, a quantum random number generation control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
and adjusting the duty ratio of the pulse light signal to a set threshold value.
And adjusting the interference period between the pulse light signals to a set threshold value.
And adjusting the sampling position of the optical pulse signal to the middle position of the interfered optical pulse signal.
And sampling the pulse optical signals according to the adjusted sampling positions of the pulse optical signals and generating quantum random numbers based on the sampled pulse optical signals.
As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the adjusting the duty cycle of the pulsed light signal to the set threshold value comprises:
under the condition that the light emitting period is not changed, the pulse width of a pulse light signal emitted by a light source is continuously increased until the duty ratio of the pulse light signal reaches a set threshold value.
As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the adjusting the duty ratio of the pulsed light signal to the set threshold value comprises:
and under the condition that the pulse width is not changed, continuously reducing the light-emitting period of the light source until the duty ratio of the pulse light signal is greater than a set threshold value.
As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, adjusting the period of interference between pulsed light signals to a set threshold value includes:
and continuously increasing the arm length difference of the optical fiber interferometer until the interference period between the pulse light signals is 5T, wherein T is the light emitting period of the light source.
As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, adjusting the sampling position of the optical pulse signal to the middle position of the interfered optical pulse signal includes:
and the length of the optical fiber of the optical path between the light source and the photoelectric detector is increased, so that the sampling position of the pulse light is aligned with the middle position of the optical signal of the interfered optical pulse.
As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, increasing the length of the optical fiber in the optical path between the light source and the photodetector comprises:
and judging whether a pulse light signal is not detected in real time within a set time period, if so, extending the length of an optical fiber of a light path between the light source and the photoelectric detector by 0.5Tc/n, wherein T is the light emitting period of the light source, c is the propagation speed of light in the optical fiber, and n is the refractive index of the light in the optical fiber.
In a second aspect, the quantum random number generation apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present invention includes a light source, an interferometer, a photodetector, an analog-to-digital converter, and a data processor, where the quantum random number generation apparatus is implemented by using the quantum random number generation control method described in the first aspect.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is configured to execute the method in the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, where the electronic device includes:
a processor;
a memory for storing the processor-executable instructions;
the processor is configured to read the executable instructions from the memory and execute the instructions to implement the method according to the first aspect.
The quantum random number generation control method and the quantum random number generation device provided by the embodiment of the invention have the following beneficial effects:
(1) By improving the duty ratio of the pulse light signals, the probability of detecting the pulse light signals is improved, and the interfered pulse light signals can be effectively sampled;
(2) By increasing the length of the optical fiber of the optical path between the light source and the photoelectric detector, the detection probability of the pulse light signals is further improved, and the interfered pulse light signals can be effectively sampled;
(3) By adjusting the interference period between the pulse light signals to a set threshold value, the phase correlation between the pulse light signals generating interference is reduced, the randomness of the quantum random number is improved, the quantum random number is not easy to crack by the outside, and the safety and the reliability are high;
(4) The method has the advantages that a delay chip and other delay control modes are not needed, various stability problems caused by delay drift are avoided, the performance of the quantum random number generating device is improved, the cost of the delay chip is high, and the cost of the quantum random number generating device is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a quantum random number generation control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a quantum random number generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the quantum random number generation control method provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
and S101, adjusting the duty ratio of the pulse light signal to a set threshold value.
In a possible implementation manner, the step specifically includes:
under the condition that the light emitting period is not changed, the pulse width of the pulse light signal emitted by the light source is continuously increased until the duty ratio of the pulse light signal reaches a set threshold value.
Specifically, the pulse width of the pulsed light signal emitted by the light source may be adjusted (increased or decreased) by changing the light source drive signal emitted by the controller.
In a possible implementation manner, the step may further specifically include:
and under the condition that the pulse width is not changed, continuously reducing the light emitting period of the light source until the duty ratio of the pulse light signal is greater than a set threshold value.
Specifically, the light emission period of the light source may be adjusted (reduced or increased) by changing the light source driving signal emitted by the controller. The duty ratio is the ratio of the pulse width to the light emitting period, and the duty ratio of the pulse light signal is improved by increasing the pulse width of the pulse light signal emitted by the light source or reducing the light emitting period of the light source. The larger the duty ratio is, the higher the probability that the pulsed light signal is effectively sampled is, and when the duty ratio of the pulsed light signal is greater than or equal to 95%, the pulsed light signal can be effectively sampled without requiring the sampling position of the analog-to-digital converter to be aligned with the pulsed light signal.
And S102, adjusting the interference period between the pulse light signals to a set threshold value.
In a possible implementation manner, the step may further specifically include:
and continuously increasing the arm length difference of the fiber optic interferometer until the interference period between the pulse light signals reaches a set threshold value. Wherein the period of interference
，nIs the refractive index of the light in the fiber,
is the arm length difference of the optical fiber interferometer,cis the propagation speed of the light.
In particular, the interference period T 1 The larger the arm length difference of the fiber interferometer is, the longer the time interval between the generation of the 2 beams of pulse optical signals and the occurrence of interference is, the interference period T 1 The larger the value of (c). Theoretically, the interference period T 1 The larger the better, but comprehensive simulation and experiments show that when the interference period is at [3T,5T]Within the range, the obtained quantum random number is safe and reliable, wherein the interference period T 1 Is 5T, where T is the light emitting period of the light source. When T is 1 <At 5T, the safety of the generated quantum random number is low because the phase correlation between pulse light signals generating interference is large; when T is 1 >At 5T, the difference of the arm lengths of the optical fiber interferometers is too long, and the reliability of the generated quantum random numbers is poor. Namely, under normal conditions, the interference period is T, that is, interference occurs between two pulse light signals adjacent to each other (i.e. the first pulse light signal and the second pulse light signal); when interference period T 1 At 5T, the first pulse optical signal and the sixth pulse optical signal interfere with each other, and the phase correlation between the first pulse optical signal and the sixth pulse optical signal is small, so that the generated quantum random number has high safety.
And S103, adjusting the sampling position of the optical pulse signal to the middle position of the interfered optical pulse signal.
In a possible implementation manner, the step may further specifically include:
and the length of the optical fiber of the optical path between the light source and the photoelectric detector is increased, so that the sampling position of the pulse light is aligned to the middle position of the optical signal of the interfered optical pulse.
In a possible implementation manner, increasing the length of the optical fiber of the optical path between the light source and the photodetector may specifically include:
in a set time period, whether a pulse light signal is not detected is judged in real time, if so, the optical fiber of a light path between a light source and a photoelectric detector is prolonged by 0.5Tc/n (namely the pulse light signal is always in a trough period in the time period), wherein T is the light emitting period of the light source, c is the propagation speed of light in the optical fiber, and n is the refractive index of the light in the optical fiber, at the moment, the pulse light signal is converted into a wave crest period from the trough period, so that the situation that the pulse light signal cannot be effectively sampled when the duty ratio of the pulse light signal is increased to more than 95% is avoided.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the optical fiber length of the optical path between the light source and the optical fiber interferometer may be increased, and the optical fiber length of the optical path between the optical fiber interferometer and the photodetector may also be increased.
And S104, sampling the pulse light signal according to the adjusted sampling position of the pulse light signal, and generating a quantum random number based on the sampled pulse light signal.
In particular, there is no strict precedence relationship between steps S101-S103.
As shown in fig. 2, the quantum random number generation apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes a light source, an interferometer, a photodetector, an analog-to-digital converter, and a data processor, where the quantum random number generation apparatus is implemented by using the quantum random number generation control method described in the first aspect.
Example 3
Fig. 3 is a structure of an electronic device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the electronic device may be either or both of the first device and the second device, or a stand-alone device separate from them, which stand-alone device may communicate with the first device and the second device to receive the collected input signals therefrom. FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with a disclosed embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 3, the electronic device includes one or more processors 401 and memory 402.
The processor 401 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or other form of processing unit having pervasive data processing capability and/or instruction execution capability and may control other components in an electronic device to perform desired functions.
The input device 403 may also include, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, and the like.
The output device 404 can output various information to the outside. The output devices 404 may include, for example, a display, speakers, a printer, and a communication network and its connected remote output devices, among others.
Of course, for simplicity, only some of the components of the electronic device relevant to the present disclosure are shown in fig. 3, omitting components such as buses, input/output interfaces, and the like. In addition, the electronic device may include any other suitable components, depending on the particular application.
Example 4
In addition to the above-described methods and apparatus, embodiments of the present disclosure may also be a computer program product comprising computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps in the methods of infiltration data annotation, encapsulation, and retrieval according to various embodiments of the present disclosure described in the "exemplary methods" section of this specification above.
The computer program product may write program code for performing the operations of the disclosed embodiments of the present invention in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, C + + or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computing device, partly on the user's device, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computing device and partly on a remote computing device, or entirely on the remote computing device or server.
Furthermore, embodiments of the present disclosure may also be a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps in the methods of infiltration data annotation, encapsulation, and retrieval according to various embodiments of the present disclosure described in the "exemplary methods" section of this specification above.
The computer-readable storage medium may take any combination of one or more readable media. The readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. A readable storage medium may include, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or a combination of any of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the readable storage medium include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
The foregoing describes the general principles of the present disclosure in conjunction with specific embodiments, however, it is noted that the advantages, effects, etc. mentioned in the present disclosure are merely examples and are not limiting, and they should not be considered essential to the various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the foregoing disclosure of specific details is for the purpose of illustration and description and is not intended to be limiting, since the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific details set forth herein.
In the present specification, the embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts in the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system embodiment, since it basically corresponds to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment for relevant points.
The block diagrams of devices, apparatuses, systems involved in the disclosure of the present invention are only given as illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that the connections, arrangements, configurations, etc. must be made in the manner shown in the block diagrams. These devices, apparatuses, devices, systems may be connected, arranged, configured in any manner, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. Words such as "including," "comprising," "having," and the like are open-ended words that mean "including, but not limited to," and are used interchangeably therewith. The words "or" and "as used herein mean, and are used interchangeably with, the word" and/or, "unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The word "such as" is used herein to mean, and is used interchangeably with, the phrase "such as but not limited to".
The disclosed methods and apparatus may be implemented in a number of ways. For example, the methods and apparatus disclosed herein may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination of software, hardware, and firmware. The above-described order for the steps of the method is for illustrative purposes only, and the steps of the method disclosed herein are not limited to the order specifically described above unless specifically indicated otherwise. Further, in some embodiments, the present disclosure may also be embodied as a program recorded in a recording medium, the program including machine-readable instructions for implementing a method according to the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure also covers a recording medium storing a program for executing the method according to the present disclosure.
It is also noted that in the devices, apparatus and methods disclosed herein, components or steps may be broken down and/or re-combined. Such decomposition and/or recombination should be considered equivalents of the present disclosure. The previous description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, the description is not intended to limit the disclosed embodiments to the form disclosed herein. While a number of example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, adaptations, additions, and sub-combinations thereof.
It will be appreciated that the relevant features of the method and apparatus described above may be referred to one another. In addition, "first", "second", and the like in the above embodiments are used to distinguish the embodiments, and do not represent merits of the embodiments.
The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalent alternatives or equivalent variations fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A quantum random number generation control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adjusting the duty ratio of the pulse light signal to a set threshold value;
adjusting the interference period between the pulse light signals to a set threshold value;
adjusting the sampling position of the optical pulse signal to the middle position of the interfered optical pulse signal;
and sampling the pulse optical signals according to the adjusted sampling positions of the pulse optical signals, and generating quantum random numbers based on the sampled pulse optical signals.
2. The quantum random number generation control method according to claim 1, wherein adjusting the duty cycle of the pulsed light signal to a set threshold value comprises:
under the condition that the light emitting period is not changed, the pulse width of a pulse light signal emitted by a light source is continuously increased until the duty ratio of the pulse light signal reaches a set threshold value.
3. The quantum random number generation control method according to claim 1, wherein adjusting the duty cycle of the pulsed light signal to a set threshold value comprises:
and under the condition that the pulse width is not changed, continuously reducing the light emitting period of the light source until the duty ratio of the pulse light signal is greater than a set threshold value.
4. The quantum random number generation control method according to claim 1, wherein adjusting the interference period between pulsed light signals to a set threshold value comprises:
and continuously increasing the arm length difference of the optical fiber interferometer until the interference period between the pulse light signals is 5T, wherein T is the light emitting period of the light source.
5. The quantum random number generation control method according to claim 1, wherein adjusting the sampling position of the pulsed light signal to an intermediate position of the interfered light pulse light signal comprises:
and the length of the optical fiber of the optical path between the light source and the photoelectric detector is increased, so that the sampling position of the pulse light is aligned with the middle position of the optical signal of the interfered optical pulse.
6. The quantum random number generation control method of claim 5, wherein increasing the optical fiber length of the optical path between the light source and the photodetector comprises:
and judging whether a pulse light signal is not detected or not in real time within a set time period, if so, prolonging the length of an optical fiber of a light path between the light source and the photoelectric detector by 0.5Tc/n, wherein T is the light emitting period of the light source, c is the propagation speed of light in the optical fiber, and n is the refractive index of the light in the optical fiber.
7. A quantum random number generation device, comprising a light source, an interferometer, a photodetector, an analog-to-digital converter and a data processor, characterized in that the quantum random number generation device is realized by the quantum random number generation control method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the storage medium stores a computer program for performing the method of any of the preceding claims 1-6.
9. An electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device comprises:
a processor;
a memory for storing the processor-executable instructions;
the processor is configured to read the executable instructions from the memory and execute the instructions to implement the method of any one of claims 1-6.
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