CN113946315A - Quantum true random number generation method based on weak coherent pulse sequence - Google Patents
Quantum true random number generation method based on weak coherent pulse sequence Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quantum true random number generation method, a quantum true random number generation system and a storage medium based on a weak coherent pulse sequence, wherein a single photon sequence is generated through a single photon light source or attenuated weak coherent pulse sequence, a path selection light path is constructed through a cascade beam splitter, output port detection is realized through a multi-channel single photon detector or a time division multiplexing system and a single-channel single photon detector, laser pulses with fixed repetition frequency are attenuated through an optical attenuator, and the average photon number of single pulses is reduced to obtain null pulses and the weak coherent pulse sequence with characteristics close to single photons. The true random number generated by the invention accords with the basic principle of quantum mechanics, has the advantages of high generation rate, good stability, simple structure, easy integration and the like, can be used as a brand new scheme of a true random number generator, and provides important support for applications such as safe communication, machine learning, random algorithm and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of computer and quantum optics interdisciplinary science, in particular to a technology for obtaining a weak coherent pulse sequence by attenuating laser pulses and generating random numbers by detecting non-empty pulse time sequence positions, and particularly relates to a method, a system and a storage medium for generating quantum true random numbers based on the weak coherent pulse sequence.
Background
Single photon light sources are non-classical light sources that are widely used in the field of quantum optics, particularly quantum communication, and are generally implemented by exciting quantum dots or diamond color center defects. The single photon state photon characteristics are different from the coherent photon, the ideal value of the zero-delay second-order correlation coefficient is 0, and the physical reality can be expressed as follows: the single photons will be randomly output from the two output ports with a probability ratio equal to the splitting ratio when passing through the optical beam splitter. This property is widely used in quantum sensing, quantum computing, and path-selective quantum communication. On the other hand, the core of the quantum communication technology is to distribute quantum states to both communication parties in a fidelity and lossless manner, and any interference (either eavesdropping attack or environmental accident) to a transmission channel breaks through a quantum state synchronous sharing mechanism, so that both communication parties can perceive the interference. The most mature quantum secret communication technology in the quantum communication technology branch is essentially to realize real-time sharing of the female parent keys of both communication parties through quantum state distribution, and to perform encryption and decryption processing on plaintext information through the female parent keys or the transformation passwords, so that brute force cracking risks are avoided to the maximum extent. This property is based on the heisenberg principle of inaccuracy, benefiting from the true random nature inherent to quantum communication. The random number generation technology plays an important role in Monte Carlo estimation, PN code division multiple access, Hardcore encryption, machine learning model training and other applications.
Random numbers generated by the algorithm are all pseudo-random numbers, and future random numbers can be predicted theoretically according to generated random numbers (through a large amount of calculation); only the random number generated by a true random event is a true random number, which is usually obtained by hardware noise generated in the machine operating environment, including amplifying circuit thermal noise, electromagnetic field environmental noise, etc., which has an uncontrollable risk and a low random number generation speed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to generate a weak coherent pulse sequence by using attenuated pulse laser; construction of 1-M by cascading 1-M equal-scale optical splittersNA path selection optical path;weak coherent pulse input from single port will equal probability from MNThe single-photon output port outputs true random events; detecting the serial number of the output port by using a weak coherent pulse detector with 2N channels, or multiplexing different weak coherent pulses at different time sequence positions by using a time division multiplexing system and passing through MNDetecting the serial number of an output port by a weak coherent pulse detector which is multiple of the repetition frequency of the weak coherent pulse sequence; and converting the serial numbers of the output ports into a digital sequence according to a time sequence, namely the quantum true random number sequence.
In order to achieve the effect, the method for generating the quantum true random number based on the weak coherent pulse sequence provided by the invention realizes the generation of the single photon sequence through the single photon light source or the attenuation weak coherent pulse sequence, realizes the construction of the path selection light path through the cascade beam splitter, realizes the detection of an output port through the multi-channel single photon detector or the time division multiplexing system and the single channel single photon detector, and reduces the average photon number of the single pulse through the attenuation of the laser pulse with fixed repetition frequency of the optical attenuator to obtain the null pulse and the weak coherent pulse sequence with the characteristic close to the single photon.
Preferably, the single photon sequence produces a sequence of weakly coherent pulses with an average photon number of a single pulse of 0.1 by attenuating the laser pulses.
Preferably, the path selection optical path is constructed by constructing a pair of multipath selection optical paths, so that single photons input by a single port can be output from a plurality of ports at equal probability.
Preferably, the random process can be realized by a free space optical path or an all-fiber device, and can also be realized by a chip integrated optical path.
Preferably, the random process can be realized by cascading optical beam splitters, or cascading a polarization beam splitter and a polarization rotator.
Preferably, the random number sequence generated by selecting each port of the optical path to output by using the detection path of the single-photon detector can be realized in parallel by a multi-channel single-photon detector, and can also be realized in series by a time division multiplexing system and a single-channel high-speed single-photon detector.
Preferably, the weak coherent pulse sequence is realized by attenuating a laser pulse sequence, or by an electric pumping/optical pumping quantum dot or a diamond color center defect, or a second-order nonlinear crystal/periodic polarization waveguide spontaneous frequency down-conversion effect or an optical fiber/third-order nonlinear waveguide spontaneous four-wave mixing effect.
Preferably, the average photon number of the single pulse is reduced to 0.1 by power calculation, and the empty pulse accounts for 90%.
A system for realizing the method for generating the quantum true random number based on the weak coherent pulse sequence comprises the following steps:
the single-photon sequence generating unit is used for realizing the generation of the single-photon sequence through a single-photon light source or an attenuated weak coherent pulse sequence;
the path selection optical path construction unit is used for realizing the construction of the path selection optical path through the cascade beam splitter;
the output port detection unit is used for realizing output port detection through a multi-channel single-photon detector or a time division multiplexing system and a single-channel single-photon detector;
and the weak coherent pulse sequence generating unit is used for attenuating the laser pulse with fixed repetition frequency through the optical attenuator and reducing the average photon number of the single pulse to obtain a null pulse and a weak coherent pulse sequence with the characteristic close to a single photon.
A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the above-mentioned method.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the random number sequence is generated by detecting the non-empty pulse time sequence position in the weak coherent pulse sequence with the average photon number of the single pulse of 0.5, sampling the non-empty pulse time sequence position in a fixed length and encoding the non-empty pulse time sequence position, the method is simple in structure and easy to integrate, the random number sequence which is high in repetition frequency, good in stability and has true random attributes conforming to the basic principle of quantum mechanics can be generated, and a brand-new solution thought is provided for application of safe communication, learning of the random number sequence, a random algorithm and the like.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a quantum true random number generation method based on a weak coherent pulse sequence.
Detailed Description
Features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below, and in order to make objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention by illustrating examples of the present invention.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The embodiment provides a quantum true random number generation method based on a weak coherent pulse sequence, which includes generating a single photon sequence through a single photon light source or attenuating the weak coherent pulse sequence, constructing a path selection light path through a cascade beam splitter, detecting an output port through a multi-channel single photon detector or a time division multiplexing system and a single-channel single photon detector, attenuating a laser pulse with a fixed repetition frequency through an optical attenuator, and reducing the average photon number of single pulses to obtain a weak coherent pulse sequence with a null pulse and a characteristic close to a single photon.
In some embodiments, the single photon sequence produces a sequence of weakly coherent pulses with an average photon number of a single pulse of 0.1 by attenuating the laser pulses.
In some embodiments, the path selection optical path construction enables single photons input by a single port to be output from multiple ports with equal probability by constructing a pair of multi-path selection optical paths.
In some embodiments, the stochastic process can be implemented by either free space optics or all-fiber devices, or chip integrated optics.
In some embodiments, the random process may be implemented by cascading both optical beam splitters and polarization rotators.
In some embodiments, the random number sequence generated by selecting the output of each port of the optical path by using the detection path of the single-photon detector can be realized in parallel by a multi-channel single-photon detector, or can be realized in series by a time division multiplexing system and a single-channel high-speed single-photon detector.
In some embodiments, the weak coherent pulse sequence is achieved by attenuating a laser pulse sequence, or by electrical/optical pumping quantum dots or diamond color center defects or second order nonlinear crystal/periodically poled waveguide spontaneous frequency down-conversion effect or fiber/third order nonlinear waveguide spontaneous four-wave mixing effect.
In some embodiments, the average photon number per pulse is reduced to 0.1 by power calculation, resulting in a null pulse fraction of 90%.
The invention provides a system embodiment of a quantum true random number generation method based on a weak coherent pulse sequence, which comprises the following steps:
the single-photon sequence generating unit is used for realizing the generation of the single-photon sequence through a single-photon light source or an attenuated weak coherent pulse sequence;
the path selection optical path construction unit is used for realizing the construction of the path selection optical path through the cascade beam splitter;
the output port detection unit is used for realizing output port detection through a multi-channel single-photon detector or a time division multiplexing system and a single-channel single-photon detector;
and the weak coherent pulse sequence generating unit is used for attenuating the laser pulse with fixed repetition frequency through the optical attenuator and reducing the average photon number of the single pulse to obtain a null pulse and a weak coherent pulse sequence with the characteristic close to a single photon.
In some embodiments, the associated optical system may be implemented by a free-space optical path and an all-fiber optical path, and may be implemented by a chip integrated optical path, and the chip material includes, but is not limited to, high-refractive-index quartz, crystalline silicon, hydrogen-loaded amorphous silicon, silicon nitride, aluminum gallium arsenic, chalcogenide glass, silicon carbide, lithium niobate, and the like.
The invention also provides an embodiment of a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the above-mentioned method.
The invention provides an embodiment of a quantum true random number generation method based on a weak coherent pulse sequence, which comprises the following steps:
s101, generating a single photon sequence, wherein the single photon sequence is generated through a single photon light source or an attenuated weak coherent pulse sequence;
s102, constructing a path selection light path, wherein the path selection light path is constructed through a cascade beam splitter;
s103, detecting an output port, wherein the detection of the output port is realized through a multi-channel single-photon detector or a time division multiplexing system and a single-channel single-photon detector;
and S104, generating a weak coherent pulse sequence, attenuating laser pulses with fixed repetition frequency through an optical attenuator, and reducing the average photon number of single pulses to obtain a null pulse and the weak coherent pulse sequence with the characteristic close to a single photon.
Compared with the prior art, the true random number generated by the method accords with the basic principle of quantum mechanics, has the advantages of high generation rate, good stability, simple structure, easiness in integration and the like, can be used as a brand new scheme of a true random number generator, and provides important support for applications such as safe communication, machine learning, random algorithm and the like.
For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being divided into various units by function, and are described separately. Of course, the functionality of the units may be implemented in one or more software and/or hardware when implementing the present application.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The application may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The application may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
The memory may include forms of volatile memory in a computer readable medium, Random Access Memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.
Computer-readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, a computer readable medium does not include a transitory computer readable medium such as a modulated data signal and a carrier wave.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A quantum true random number generation method based on a weak coherent pulse sequence is characterized in that a single photon sequence is generated through a single photon light source or attenuated weak coherent pulse sequence, a path selection light path is constructed through a cascade beam splitter, output port detection is realized through a multi-channel single photon detector or a time division multiplexing system and a single-channel single photon detector, laser pulses with fixed repetition frequency are attenuated through an optical attenuator, and the average photon number of the single pulses is reduced to obtain null pulses and the weak coherent pulse sequence with characteristics close to the single photon.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sequence of single photons produces a sequence of weakly coherent pulses with an average photon number per pulse of 0.1 by attenuating the laser pulses.
3. The method for generating the quantum true random number based on the weak coherent pulse sequence according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the path selection optical path is constructed by constructing a pair of multi-path selection optical paths, so that single photons input by a single port can be output from a plurality of ports with equal probability.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the random process is implemented by a free space optical path or an all-fiber device, or a chip integrated optical path.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the random process is implemented by cascading optical beam splitters or cascading polarization beam splitters and polarization rotators.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the random number sequence is generated by a multichannel single-photon detector in parallel or by a time division multiplexing system and a single-channel high-speed single-photon detector in series by selecting the output of each port of the optical path through the detection path of the single-photon detector.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the weak coherent pulse sequence is realized by attenuating a laser pulse sequence, or by an electrical/optical pumping square quantum dot or a diamond color center defect or a second order nonlinear crystal/periodically polarized waveguide spontaneous frequency down-conversion effect or an optical fiber/third order nonlinear waveguide spontaneous four-wave mixing effect.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the average photon number of the single pulse is reduced to 0.1 by power calculation to obtain 90% of empty pulse.
9. A system for implementing the weak coherent pulse sequence based quantum true random number generation method of claims 1-8, comprising:
the single-photon sequence generating unit is used for realizing the generation of the single-photon sequence through a single-photon light source or an attenuated weak coherent pulse sequence;
the path selection optical path construction unit is used for realizing the construction of the path selection optical path through the cascade beam splitter;
the output port detection unit is used for realizing output port detection through a multi-channel single-photon detector or a time division multiplexing system and a single-channel single-photon detector;
and the weak coherent pulse sequence generating unit is used for attenuating the laser pulse with fixed repetition frequency through the optical attenuator and reducing the average photon number of the single pulse to obtain a null pulse and a weak coherent pulse sequence with the characteristic close to a single photon.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| CN115167816A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-10-11 | 国开启科量子技术(北京)有限公司 | Quantum random number generation control method and quantum random number generation device |
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