JP2003282933A - Single photon detector and method of removing after pulse thereof - Google Patents
Single photon detector and method of removing after pulse thereofInfo
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- JP2003282933A JP2003282933A JP2002089887A JP2002089887A JP2003282933A JP 2003282933 A JP2003282933 A JP 2003282933A JP 2002089887 A JP2002089887 A JP 2002089887A JP 2002089887 A JP2002089887 A JP 2002089887A JP 2003282933 A JP2003282933 A JP 2003282933A
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、単一光子検出を必
要とする光通信・情報処理分野（量子暗号等）、レーザ
ーライダー等の極微弱光検出を必要とする光応用計測分
野、等で必要となる単一光子検出装置およびその出力処
理方法に関し、特に、単一光子検出装置およびそのアフ
ターパルス除去方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is applied in the field of optical communication / information processing (quantum cryptography, etc.) that requires single photon detection, the field of optical measurement that requires extremely weak light detection such as laser lidar, etc. More specifically, the present invention relates to a required single-photon detector and its output processing method, and more particularly to a single-photon detector and its afterpulse elimination method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来技術】アフターパルスは、アバランシェフォトダ
イオードを受光素子とする単一光子検出器に顕著な雑音
で、出力検出の誤動作の原因になる。アフターパルスは
光子検出直後に発生する確率が高く、時間の経過ととも
に発生確率は低下する。光子検出直後からアフターパル
スが発生し時間の経過とともに漸減して行くが、この間
に、単一光子検出器は、光子が存在しない時刻に誤って
アフターパルスを検出し、光子検出時刻として記録して
しまう。2. Description of the Related Art After-pulse is a noticeable noise in a single photon detector using an avalanche photodiode as a light receiving element, and causes a malfunction of output detection. The afterpulse has a high probability of occurring immediately after photon detection, and the occurrence probability decreases with the passage of time. An afterpulse is generated immediately after photon detection and gradually decreases with the passage of time.During this time, the single photon detector erroneously detects the afterpulse at the time when no photon exists and records it as the photon detection time. I will end up.
【０００３】簡単のため、光子パルス列が通信路（光フ
ァイバー等）を経由して光子検出器に入射する場合を考
える。予め設定した検出予定時刻に単一光子検出器を動
作させると、通信路が透明で、且つ、単一光子検出器の
量子効率が１の場合、単一光子検出器は全ての光子を検
出する。従って、検出予定時刻と検出時刻は一致する。
しかしながら、一般に、通信路には損失があり、この場
合、光子が単一光子検出器に入射する前に損失を受けて
消えてしまうこともある。更に、現状の技術レベルでは
量子効率を１とすることは非常に困難であり、光子が入
射したにもかかわらず単一光子検出器が検出時刻を記録
しないことも度々ある。For simplicity, let us consider a case where a photon pulse train enters a photon detector via a communication path (optical fiber or the like). When the single photon detector is operated at the preset scheduled detection time, the single photon detector detects all photons when the communication path is transparent and the quantum efficiency of the single photon detector is 1. . Therefore, the scheduled detection time and the detection time match.
However, in general, there is a loss in the communication path, where photons can be lost and disappear before they hit the single photon detector. Further, at the current technical level, it is very difficult to set the quantum efficiency to 1, and the single photon detector often does not record the detection time even if a photon is incident.
【０００４】図１に検出予定時刻をＴｉ、ｉ ＝ １、
２、３、…、１２として、１２本のパルス列に対して２
個の光子が検出された場合を考える。但し、どのパルス
に光子が含まれるかは確率的で、検出前に２個の光子の
検出時刻を正確に予言することはできない。図１（ａ）
は検出予定時刻を示す図であり、所定周期のＴ０〜Ｔ１
２が検出予定時刻である。図１（ａ）では、一例とし
て、Ｔ３とＴ９を検出時刻とした。黒丸は光子を表す。In FIG. 1, the scheduled detection time is Ti, i = 1,
2, 2, ..., 2 for 12 pulse trains
Consider the case where individual photons are detected. However, which pulse contains a photon is probabilistic, and the detection time of two photons cannot be accurately predicted before detection. Figure 1 (a)
Is a diagram showing a scheduled detection time, and T0 to T1 in a predetermined cycle.
2 is the scheduled detection time. In FIG. 1A, as an example, T3 and T9 are the detection times. Black circles represent photons.
【０００５】検出は、理想的には、光子が単一光子検出
器に入射するタイミング、即ち、図１（ｂ）に示す検出
時刻Ｔ３とＴ９に検出することである。しかし、アフタ
ーパルスの発生確率は光子検出直後が最も高く、図１
（ｃ）に示すように、検出予定時刻Ｔ３およびＴ９の後
のタイミングＴ４とＴ１１でアフターパルスが発生する
と単一光子検出器が誤って検出して結局誤動作すること
がある。このため、アフターパルス発生により単一光子
検出器は、本来、光子が存在しない時刻を誤って検出時
刻として記録してしまうので、アフターパルスの発生を
未然に防止、又は、発生したアフターパルスを除去して
検出時刻を修正するための手法が必要になる。Detecting is ideally detecting at the timing when a photon enters the single photon detector, that is, at the detection times T3 and T9 shown in FIG. 1 (b). However, the probability of occurrence of afterpulses is highest immediately after photon detection, as shown in Fig. 1.
As shown in (c), if an afterpulse occurs at timings T4 and T11 after the scheduled detection times T3 and T9, the single photon detector may erroneously detect and eventually malfunction. Therefore, the after-pulse generation causes the single-photon detector to erroneously record the time when no photon exists as the detection time.Therefore, the after-pulse is prevented from occurring or the generated after-pulse is removed. Then, a method for correcting the detection time is required.
【０００６】従来の技術を示す学術論文 Ａｐｐｌｉｅ
ｄ Ｏｐｔｉｃｓ Ｖｏｌｕｍｅ３５、 Ｎｕｍｂｅｒ
１２、 ｐ． １９５６ （発行年１９９６）は、図
２（ａ）に示すように光子検出後、予め設定した時間
（休止時間）、単一光子検出器を休止させて、アフター
パルスの発生頻度が十分に低くなった時点から動作を再
開させることによりアフターパルスの発生を防止するも
のであった。ここで、「休止時間」と本発明で使用する
「基準値」は、共に、「アフターパルスの発生が無視で
きる程度の時間」に相当する量であるが、本発明では単
一光子検出器を休止させることがないため「休止時間」
の代わりに「基準値」とした。Academic papers showing conventional techniques Applie
d Optics Volume35, Number
12, p. In 1956 (published year 1996), after the photon detection, the single photon detector is stopped for a preset time (pause time) as shown in FIG. After that, the operation is restarted from the point where the after-pulse is generated. Here, the "pause time" and the "reference value" used in the present invention are both amounts corresponding to "a time period in which the occurrence of afterpulses can be ignored". However, in the present invention, a single photon detector is used. "Pause time" because there is no pause
Was used as the "reference value" instead of.
【０００７】尚、後記する本発明で提案するアフターパ
ルス除去方法は「発生したアフターパルスを除去する手
法」であり、従来技術の電子回路のように「アフターパ
ルスの発生を防止する手法」（所定時間検出を行わない
手法）ではない。また、本発明は除去のための計算アル
ゴリズムを対象としており、電子回路でアフターパルス
の発生を未然に防止する手法とは原理的に異なる。The after-pulse removing method proposed by the present invention described later is a "method of removing the generated after-pulse", and is a "method of preventing the occurrence of the after-pulse" like a conventional electronic circuit (predetermined method). It is not a method that does not detect time). Further, the present invention is directed to a calculation algorithm for removal, which is in principle different from the method of preventing the occurrence of afterpulses in an electronic circuit.
【０００８】[0008]
【本発明が解決しようとする問題】図３は従来の単一光
子検出器の休止・再開を実現する電子回路の一例であ
る。但し、休止時間の調整は時定数回路Ｒｓ１、Ｒｓ２
において遅延線等の電子部品で行われるため、一度設定
すると再調整は難しい。また、休止時間を電子回路が持
つ固有の信号遅延時間よりも短く設定することもできな
い。これに対して、アフターパルス発生確率の時間依存
性は受光素子であるアバランシェフォトダイオードの動
作温度や動作電圧に大きく依存するため休止時間は常に
調整できる方が望ましい。FIG. 3 shows an example of an electronic circuit that realizes suspension and resumption of the conventional single photon detector. However, the adjustment of the pause time is performed by the time constant circuits Rs1 and Rs2.
Since it is performed by electronic components such as a delay line, it is difficult to readjust once setting. In addition, the pause time cannot be set shorter than the unique signal delay time of the electronic circuit. On the other hand, since the time dependence of the afterpulse generation probability largely depends on the operating temperature and operating voltage of the avalanche photodiode, which is a light receiving element, it is desirable that the rest time can always be adjusted.
【０００９】更に、アバランシェフォトダイオードは素
子間でも微妙に特性が異なるため、図３中のコンデンサ
ーの容量や抵抗値を個々の素子に対して最適化する必要
があり、電子回路によるアフターパルス発生防止法は非
常に煩雑である。本発明の目的は、上記従来例の問題点
に鑑み、休止時間に相当する基準値の設定変更、発生し
たアフターパルスの除去を簡単、容易に行うことができ
る単一光子検出器およびそのアフターパルス除去方法を
提供することである。Further, since avalanche photodiodes have subtly different characteristics between elements, it is necessary to optimize the capacitance and resistance value of the capacitor shown in FIG. 3 for each element, preventing the occurrence of afterpulses by an electronic circuit. The method is very complicated. In view of the problems of the above-mentioned conventional example, an object of the present invention is to change the setting of the reference value corresponding to the pause time and to easily and easily remove the generated afterpulse, and a single photon detector and the afterpulse. It is to provide a removal method.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、上記課題を解
決するために、以下の解決手段を採用する。
（１）アフターパルス除去方法において、アバランシェ
フォトダイオードを受光素子とする単一光子検出手段が
光子を検出するステップ、制御手段が、すべての検出時
刻を記憶し、直前の光子検出時刻との時間差が予め設定
した基準値よりも長い検出時刻のみを有効と判断するス
テップから構成されることを特徴とする。
（２）上記（１）記載のアフターパルス除去方法におい
て、制御手段が、検出予定時刻を予め設定し、検出予定
時刻でのみ前記単一光子検出器を動作させるように設定
するステップから構成されることを特徴とする。The present invention adopts the following means for solving the above problems. (1) In the after-pulse removal method, a step in which a single photon detecting means using an avalanche photodiode as a light receiving element detects a photon, and a control means stores all detection times, and a time difference from the immediately preceding photon detection time It is characterized by comprising a step of judging that only a detection time longer than a preset reference value is valid. (2) In the afterpulse elimination method described in (1) above, the control means comprises a step of presetting a scheduled detection time and setting the single photon detector to operate only at the scheduled detection time. It is characterized by
【００１１】（３）上記（１）または（２）記載のアフ
ターパルス除去方法において、請求項１または２記載の
アフターパルス除去方法において、計時手段が、単一光
子検出手段の検出時刻を計時するステップから構成され
ることを特徴とする。
（４）上記（１）乃至（３）記載のアフターパルス除去
方法において、制御手段が、基準値をアフターパルスの
発生が無視できる時間程度に設定するステップから構成
されることを特徴とする。(3) In the afterpulse removing method according to (1) or (2) above, in the afterpulse removing method according to claim 1 or 2, the time measuring means measures the detection time of the single photon detecting means. It is characterized by comprising steps. (4) In the afterpulse removing method described in any one of (1) to (3) above, the control means comprises a step of setting the reference value to a time period during which the occurrence of the afterpulse can be ignored.
【００１２】（５）上記（１）乃至（４）記載のアフタ
ーパルス除去方法において、請求項１乃至４のいずれか
１項記載のアフターパルス除去法において、制御手段
が、前記基準値を検出時刻とともに設定し、直前の検出
時刻との時間差が基準値以上となる検出時刻のみを有効
と判断して、そのときの光子検出値を記憶手段に格納す
るステップから構成されることを特徴とする。
（６）アバランシェフォトダイオードを受光素子とする
単一光子検出器を備えた単一光子検出装置において、光
子検出時刻を記録して、直前の検出時刻との時間差が予
め設定した基準値よりも長い検出時刻のみを有効と判断
する制御手段を備えたことを特徴とする。(5) In the afterpulse removing method according to any one of (1) to (4) above, in the afterpulse removing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the control means detects the reference value at the detection time. Is set together with the above, and only the detection time at which the time difference from the immediately preceding detection time is equal to or greater than the reference value is determined to be valid, and the photon detection value at that time is stored in the storage means. (6) In a single-photon detector including a single-photon detector having an avalanche photodiode as a light-receiving element, the photon detection time is recorded and the time difference from the immediately preceding detection time is longer than a preset reference value. It is characterized in that it is provided with a control means for judging that only the detection time is valid.
【００１３】[0013]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の基本的な実施の形態につ
いて以下詳細に説明する。本発明の単一光子検出装置
は、アバランシェフォトダイオードを受光素子とする単
一光子検出手段を設け、該単一光子検出器のアフターパ
ルス除去のための計算アルゴリズムを実行しその演算結
果をもとに所定の制御を行い所定の入出力機器（Ｉ／
Ｏ）に出力するマイクロコンピュータからなる制御手段
を設け、該制御手段はＣＰＵ、メモリ、Ｉ／Ｏインター
フェースを備え、検出予定時刻が該制御手段の記憶手段
に予め格納され、検出予定時刻でのみ該単一光子検出手
段が動作するように設定され、検出予定時刻に光子が間
違えなく検出されたことを確認するために検出時刻の計
時手段を設けて構成する。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The basic embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. The single-photon detection device of the present invention is provided with a single-photon detection means having an avalanche photodiode as a light receiving element, executes a calculation algorithm for removing afterpulses of the single-photon detector, and based on the calculation result. To the specified input / output device (I /
O) is provided with a control means composed of a microcomputer, the control means is provided with a CPU, a memory, and an I / O interface, and the scheduled detection time is stored in advance in the storage means of the control means. The single photon detection means is set to operate, and a detection time counting means is provided in order to confirm that the photons are correctly detected at the scheduled detection time.
【００１４】アフターパルス除去のための計算アルゴリ
ズムは、検出時刻を光子およびアフターパルスも含めて
全て記録した後、直前の光子検出時刻との時間差が予め
設定した基準値よりも長い検出時刻のみを記憶装置に再
格納する。これは、最初に光子が検出され、次にアフタ
ーパルスが検出されるという順番になっているので、測
定期間内の最初の光子時刻の次の検出時刻がアフターパ
ルスの発生と極めて深い関係にあるためである。そこで
前記基準値をアフターパルスの発生が無視できる時間程
度遅れた時刻に設定する。The calculation algorithm for removing afterpulses records all detection times including photons and afterpulses, and then stores only the detection times whose time difference from the immediately preceding photon detection time is longer than a preset reference value. Re-store in device. Since the order is such that the photon is detected first and the afterpulse is detected next, the detection time next to the first photon time in the measurement period has a very deep relationship with the occurrence of the afterpulse. This is because. Therefore, the reference value is set to a time delayed by a time when the occurrence of the afterpulse can be ignored.
【００１５】（実施例）図４は本発明の単一光子検出手
段を備えた単一光子検出装置の構成図である。図４の装
置は、光子検出を行う単一光子検出器からなる単一光子
検出手段１、計時手段として用いる時計２、単一光子検
出器のアフターパルス除去のための計算アルゴリズムを
実行しその演算結果をもとに所定の制御を行い所定の入
出力機器（Ｉ／Ｏ）に出力するマイクロコンピュータか
らなる制御手段３からなり、該制御手段は（図示しな
い）ＣＰＵ、メモリからなる記憶手段４、（図示しな
い）Ｉ／Ｏインターフェースを備える。前記記憶手段４
には検出予定時刻、及び、基準値が予め格納されてい
る。(Embodiment) FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a single-photon detecting device provided with the single-photon detecting means of the present invention. The apparatus of FIG. 4 executes a single-photon detecting means 1 composed of a single-photon detector for detecting a photon, a clock 2 used as a clocking means, a calculation algorithm for removing afterpulses of the single-photon detector, and its calculation. The control means 3 comprises a microcomputer for performing predetermined control based on the result and outputting to a predetermined input / output device (I / O). The control means is a CPU (not shown), a storage means 4 including a memory, It has an I / O interface (not shown). The storage means 4
The expected detection time and the reference value are stored in advance.
【００１６】（動作）制御手段３は記憶手段４に格納さ
れた検出予定時刻を参照して、単一光子検出手段１を検
出予定時刻でのみ動作させる。検出予定時刻に光子が間
違えなく検出されたことを確認するために単一光子検出
手段１の出力を計時手段２で計測した検出時刻を記憶手
段４に格納する。全ての測定が終了するまで、検出時刻
を記憶手段４に格納し続ける。測定終了後、アフターパ
ルス除去のための計算アルゴリズムを制御手段３で実行
し、アフターパルスの発生ではないと判断した検出時刻
を記憶手段４に再格納する。(Operation) The control means 3 refers to the scheduled detection time stored in the storage means 4 and operates the single photon detection means 1 only at the scheduled detection time. The detection time at which the output of the single photon detection means 1 is measured by the time measuring means 2 is stored in the storage means 4 in order to confirm that the photons are detected at the scheduled detection time without error. The detection time is kept stored in the storage means 4 until all the measurements are completed. After the measurement is completed, the control means 3 executes the calculation algorithm for removing the afterpulse, and the detection time at which it is determined that the afterpulse is not generated is stored in the storage means 4 again.
【００１７】（計算アルゴリズム）図５は計算アルゴリ
ズムのフローチャートである。
（ステップ１）計算アルゴリズムを開始する。
（ステップ２）基準値Ｔａｐを入力する。基準値はアフ
ターパルスの発生が無視できる程度の時間であるが、動
作条件や素子特性に応じて任意に調整することができ
る。
（ステップ３）記憶手段４に格納されたｎ個の検出時刻
データに対してＴｉ、ｉ ＝ １、２、３、…、ｎを割
り当てる作業を行う。尚、検出時刻データは検出時刻の
早いものからＴｉに割り当てられる。(Calculation Algorithm) FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the calculation algorithm. (Step 1) Start the calculation algorithm. (Step 2) Input a reference value Tap. The reference value is such a time that the occurrence of afterpulses can be ignored, but it can be arbitrarily adjusted according to operating conditions and device characteristics. (Step 3) Ti, i = 1, 2, 3, ..., N is assigned to the n pieces of detection time data stored in the storage means 4. The detection time data is assigned to Ti from the earliest detection time.
【００１８】（ステップ４）使用する変数ｉ、ｊに零を
代入して初期化を行う。
（ステップ５）変数ｉを１増加する。
（ステップ６）検出時刻Ｔｉ＋１に対して直前の検出時
刻Ｔｉとの時間差がステップ２で設定した基準値Ｔａｐ
よりも長い場合、ＹＥＳ、短い場合ＮＯとする条件文を
実行する。ＹＥＳの場合、直前の検出時刻との時間差が
予め設定した基準値Ｔａｐよりも長い検出時刻となり有
効となる。
（ステップ７）変数ｊを１増加してステップ６で有効と
された検出時刻Ｔｉ＋１をＴｊに代入する。(Step 4) Zeros are substituted for the variables i and j to be used for initialization. (Step 5) The variable i is incremented by 1. (Step 6) The time difference between the detection time Ti + 1 and the immediately preceding detection time Ti is the reference value Tap set in step 2.
If it is longer than that, the conditional statement that the answer is YES, and if it is less than NO is executed. In the case of YES, the detection time whose time difference from the immediately preceding detection time is longer than the preset reference value Tap becomes valid. (Step 7) The variable j is incremented by 1 and the detection time Ti + 1 validated in step 6 is substituted for Tj.
【００１９】（ステップ８）変数ｉ＋１が検出時刻デー
タの総数ｎと一致するか否かを判定する。一致する場合
（ＹＥＳ）、検出時刻データはこれ以上ないのでステッ
プ９へ移動する。一致しない場合（ＮＯ）、検出時刻デ
ータがまだ残っているのでステップ５へ戻って一連の作
業を繰り返す。
（ステップ９）ステップ６で直前の検出時刻との時間差
が予め設定した基準値よりも長い検出時刻のみがＴｉ、
ｉ ＝ １、２、３、…、ｊに代入されているのでこれ
を記憶手段４に再格納させる。このとき、ｊはステップ
６で有効とされた検出時刻の総数である。
（ステップ１０）全ての作業が終了し、計算アルゴリズ
ムを終了する。(Step 8) It is judged whether or not the variable i + 1 matches the total number n of the detection time data. If they match (YES), there is no more detection time data, and the process moves to step 9. If they do not match (NO), the detection time data still remains, and therefore the process returns to step 5 to repeat a series of operations. (Step 9) Only Ti at the detection time whose time difference from the immediately preceding detection time at step 6 is longer than the preset reference value is Ti,
Since i = 1, 2, 3, ..., J is substituted, it is stored again in the storage means 4. At this time, j is the total number of detection times validated in step 6. (Step 10) All the operations are completed, and the calculation algorithm is completed.
【００２０】図１に示したアフターパルスを除去するた
めに上記アルゴリズムを適用した結果を図６に示す。図
６（ａ）は検出予定時刻を示し、図６（ｂ）はアフター
パルスを含む検出信号を示し、図６（ｃ）はアフターパ
ルスの除去に成功した本発明の検出信号を示す図であ
る。本発明のアフターパルス除去方法を適用すれば図６
（ｃ）に示すようにアフターパルスは完全に除去され
る。FIG. 6 shows the result of applying the above algorithm to remove the afterpulses shown in FIG. FIG. 6A shows a scheduled detection time, FIG. 6B shows a detection signal including an afterpulse, and FIG. 6C shows a detection signal of the present invention in which the afterpulse is successfully removed. . If the after-pulse removal method of the present invention is applied, the result shown in FIG.
Afterpulses are completely removed as shown in (c).
【００２１】[0021]
【発明の効果】本発明は、アバランシェフォトダイオー
ドを受光素子とするアフターパルス除去方法として、発
生したアフターパルスの除去を簡単、容易に行うことが
できる。また、電子回路による従来例の休止時間に相当
する基準値の設定変更も容易にできる。INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is a method of removing an afterpulse using an avalanche photodiode as a light receiving element, which can easily and easily remove the generated afterpulse. Further, it is possible to easily change the setting of the reference value corresponding to the pause time of the conventional example by the electronic circuit.
【図１】アフターパルスの説明図である。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of afterpulses.
【図２】従来の電子回路によるアフターパルス発生防止
の説明図である。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of prevention of afterpulse generation by a conventional electronic circuit.
【図３】従来の電子回路の構成図である。FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a conventional electronic circuit.
【図４】本発明のアフターパルス除去装置の構成図であ
る。FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of an afterpulse removing device of the present invention.
【図５】本発明のアフターパルス除去方法のフローチャ
ートである。FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the afterpulse removing method of the present invention.
【図６】本発明によるアフターパルス除去の説明図であ
る。FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of afterpulse removal according to the present invention.
１ 単一光子検出手段 ２ 計時手段 ３ 制御手段 ４ 制御手段内部の記憶手段 1 Single photon detection means 2 Timekeeping means 3 control means 4 Storage means inside control means
フロントページの続き Ｆターム(参考） 2G065 AB15 AB19 BA09 BC04 BC33 CA12 CA30 DA05 5F049 MA07 NA17 NB01 NB07 NB10 UA20 5K102 AA01 AA52 AB11 KA12 KA28 KA39 MA02 MB08 MC26 MD03 MH03 MH14 MH27 PH33 RD27 RD28 Continued front page F term (reference) 2G065 AB15 AB19 BA09 BC04 BC33 CA12 CA30 DA05 5F049 MA07 NA17 NB01 NB07 NB10 UA20 5K102 AA01 AA52 AB11 KA12 KA28 KA39 MA02 MB08 MC26 MD03 MH03 MH14 MH27 PH33 RD27 RD28
Claims (6)
子とする単一光子検出手段が光子を検出するステップ、
制御手段が、すべての検出時刻を記憶し、直前の光子検
出時刻との時間差が予め設定した基準値よりも長い検出
時刻のみを有効と判断するステップから構成されること
を特徴とするアフターパルス除去方法。1. A step of detecting a photon by a single photon detecting means using an avalanche photodiode as a light receiving element,
Afterpulse removal, characterized in that the control means comprises a step of storing all detection times and judging that only a detection time whose time difference from the immediately preceding photon detection time is longer than a preset reference value is effective. Method.
において、制御手段が、検出予定時刻を予め設定し、検
出予定時刻でのみ前記単一光子検出器を動作させるよう
に設定するステップから構成されることを特徴とするア
フターパルス除去方法。2. The afterpulse removal method according to claim 1, wherein the control means sets a scheduled detection time in advance and sets the single photon detector to operate only at the scheduled detection time. An afterpulse removing method characterized by the following.
除去方法において、計時手段が、単一光子検出手段の検
出時刻を計時するステップから構成されることを特徴と
するアフターパルス除去方法。3. The afterpulse removing method according to claim 1, wherein the timekeeping means comprises a step of timing the detection time of the single photon detecting means.
フターパルス除去方法において、制御手段が、基準値を
アフターパルスの発生が無視できる時間程度に設定する
ステップから構成されることを特徴とするアフターパル
ス除去方法。4. The afterpulse removing method according to claim 1, wherein the control means comprises a step of setting the reference value to a time period during which the occurrence of the afterpulse can be ignored. Afterpulse removal method.
フターパルス除去法において、制御手段が、前記基準値
を検出時刻とともに設定し、直前の検出時刻との時間差
が基準値以上となる検出時刻のみを有効と判断して、そ
のときの光子検出値を記憶手段に格納するステップから
構成されることを特徴とするアフターパルス除去方法。5. The afterpulse elimination method according to claim 1, wherein the control means sets the reference value together with the detection time, and the time difference from the immediately preceding detection time is equal to or larger than the reference value. An after-pulse removal method comprising a step of determining only a detection time as valid and storing a photon detection value at that time in a storage means.
刻との時間差が予め設定した基準値よりも長い検出時刻
のみを有効と判断する制御手段を備えたことを特徴とす
るアバランシェフォトダイオードを受光素子とする単一
光子検出器を備えた単一光子検出装置。6. An avalanche photodiode comprising control means for recording a photon detection time and determining that only a detection time whose time difference from the immediately preceding detection time is longer than a preset reference value is valid. A single-photon detector equipped with a single-photon detector having a light-receiving element.
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