CN115166912B - Micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, optical receiver, temperature control debugging method and optical transceiver - Google Patents
Micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, optical receiver, temperature control debugging method and optical transceiver Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4266—Thermal aspects, temperature control or temperature monitoring
- G02B6/4268—Cooling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29331—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by evanescent wave coupling
- G02B6/29335—Evanescent coupling to a resonator cavity, i.e. between a waveguide mode and a resonant mode of the cavity
- G02B6/29338—Loop resonators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29331—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by evanescent wave coupling
- G02B6/29335—Evanescent coupling to a resonator cavity, i.e. between a waveguide mode and a resonant mode of the cavity
- G02B6/29338—Loop resonators
- G02B6/2934—Fibre ring resonators, e.g. fibre coils
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4286—Optical modules with optical power monitoring
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Abstract
The invention relates to a micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, an optical receiver, a temperature control debugging method and an optical transceiver, which are used for solving the technical problems that the refractive index changes and the process errors are caused by heat generated in the environment temperature change and the modulation process of the existing optical transmitter and optical receiver, and the resonance peak is offset to reduce the wavelength division multiplexing effect. The optical transmitter comprises a micro-ring modulator and a first temperature control adjusting unit, and the debugging method comprises the following steps: 1. setting a first annular waveguide radius; 2. acquiring the resistance value of the adjustable resistor; 3. adjusting the first heater to meet V' i ≤V′ 0i . The optical receiver comprises a micro-ring filter and a second temperature control adjusting unit, and the debugging method comprises the following steps: 1. acquiring an initial reference voltage; 2. adjusting the second heater to minimize the output optical power of the second linear waveguide; 3. and adjusting the second heater and the reference voltage to realize the filtering of the corresponding wavelength. The optical transceiver comprises the optical transmitter and the optical receiver.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, a wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver and a temperature control adjusting method thereof, in particular to a micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, an optical receiver, a temperature control debugging method and an optical transceiver.
Background
With the development of internet technology and the advent of big data age, technologies such as cloud computing, cloud storage, artificial intelligence and the like are rising, the demands of all communities on communication capacity are increasing, and data centers around the world are doubled in recent ten years according to statistics, and the increase of internet business data is more than 10 times.
The wavelength division multiplexing system transmits different information carried by different wavelengths in the same optical fiber through the multiplexer according to the principle that the light of different wavelengths is not interfered with each other, so that the channel of the existing optical fiber communication is expanded, the efficiency of carrying information by the light is improved, and the communication capacity is greatly expanded. The wavelength division system based on the silicon-based integrated chip is the most commercialized design mode at present, and the silicon-based integrated chip can be produced on a large scale through a semiconductor production line because of the CMOS compatibility, so that the production cost is reduced.
The silicon-based integrated platform has higher refractive index difference, is favorable for realizing large-scale, small-size and high-density device integration, but simultaneously, the sensitivity of the silicon waveguide to temperature change (the thermo-optical coefficient is 1.84E-4/. Degree.C), so that wavelength division multiplexing devices on the integrated platform, such as micro-ring resonators, are also very sensitive to temperature change. The temperature of the micro-ring modulator in the optical transmitter and the micro-ring filter in the optical receiver are controlled so that the resonance peak is kept at a desired position, which is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the prior optical transmitter and optical receiver have refractive index change caused by heat generated in the process of changing and modulating the ambient temperature and have technical errors during processing, so that the shift of resonance peaks causes the reduction of the wavelength division multiplexing effect, and provides a micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, an optical receiver, a temperature control debugging method and an optical transceiver.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter is characterized in that:
the device comprises a laser, n micro-ring modulators sequentially connected with the laser and n first temperature control adjusting units respectively connected with the n micro-ring modulators, wherein n is an integer and is more than or equal to 1; the emitted light of the laser comprises n wavelength working beams, the n working beams correspond to the n micro-ring modulators and the n first temperature control and regulation units respectively, and each wavelength working beam is split into a detection beam and a beam to be transmitted; the light beam to be transmitted enters a corresponding micro-ring modulator for transmission, the detection light beam enters a corresponding first temperature control and regulation unit as a contrast light signal, and the detection light beam accounts for 1% -10% of the working light beam;
the micro-ring modulator comprises a first linear waveguide and a first annular waveguide which is coupled and connected with the first linear waveguide; the n first linear waveguides are connected in sequence;
the first temperature control adjusting unit comprises a first heater, an input signal detector, an output signal detector and a first temperature control circuit which are integrally arranged on the first annular waveguide;
the input signal detector comprises an input photoelectric detector and a fixed value resistor, and is used for detecting the detection light beam and generating an input detection signal;
the output signal detector comprises an output photoelectric detector and an adjustable resistor, and is used for detecting the light beam in the first annular waveguide and generating an output detection signal;
the first temperature control circuit comprises a first comparator, a first operation circuit and a first digital-to-analog converter which are sequentially connected; the two input ends of the first comparator are respectively connected with the output end of the input signal detector and the output end of the output signal detector and are used for carrying out comparison analysis on the input detection signal and the output detection signal; the first operation circuit is used for performing operation according to the comparison analysis result of the first comparator, inputting the operation result to the first digital-to-analog converter, and connecting the first digital-to-analog converter with the first heater for adjusting the temperature of the first heater according to the operation result.
Further, the relationship between the radius of the first annular waveguide of the micro-ring modulator and the corresponding wavelength is: mλ (m lambda) m ＝2πr 1 n 1eff Wherein m is the resonant order, lambda m Resonance of the mth orderWavelength r 1 Is the radius of the first annular waveguide, n 1eff An effective refractive index of the first annular waveguide;
the waveguide material of the micro-ring modulator is silicon, and the thickness of the waveguide of the micro-ring modulator is 200nm-1000nm, so that wavelength division multiplexing of wave bands of 1260nm-1360nm or 1530nm-1625nm can be realized.
Further, the input photoelectric detector and the output photoelectric detector are germanium-silicon photodiodes;
the first heater is a titanium nitride heater or a lightly doped silicon resistance heater.
The invention provides a temperature control debugging method of the micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a1, designing the radius of a first annular waveguide of each micro-ring modulator, and shifting the resonance peak of the first annular waveguide to a wave band smaller than the wavelength of a corresponding working beam;
a2, carrying out standardized light modulation amplitude analysis on each micro-ring modulator by adjusting a first heater on each micro-ring modulator;
the current signal ratio at the maximum point of the standardized light modulation amplitude curve change of the ith micro-ring modulator is I i /I 0i ，R 0 To set the resistance of the constant value resistor according to the requirement, I 0i Is a photodetector PD 0i Measured current value, V 0i ＝I 0i ·R 0 At V 0i ＝V i Under the condition of according to I i /I 0i ＝R 0 /R i Sequentially calculating the resistance value of the adjustable resistor; i= … n;
a3, starting the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, and simultaneously starting the temperature control and adjustment system, the input signal detector and the output signal detector; starting to adjust the transmission state of the working beam in the micro-ring modulator from the first micro-ring modulator;
judging the transmission state of the working beam in the micro-ring modulator according to V 'for the ith micro-ring modulator' 0i ＝I′ 0i ·R 0 ，V′ i ＝I′ i ·R i Wherein V' i Output voltage V 'after optical signal in the first annular waveguide of the ith micro-ring modulator is converted into electric signal' 0i Comparing the input voltage of the optical signal converted into the electric signal for the ith micro-ring modulator;
based on step A1, at this time V' i ＞V′ 0i The first comparator will be V' 0i And V' i The comparison signal is output to a first operation circuit, the first operation circuit operates the signal and outputs the signal to a first digital-to-analog converter, and the first digital-to-analog converter adjusts current loaded on a first heater according to the operation result to heat the micro-ring modulator until V '' i ≤V′ 0i Maintaining the temperature for enabling the resonance peak to be at an ideal position, and ensuring that a light beam to be transmitted enters a first linear waveguide for transmission;
and then adjusting the next micro-ring modulator until the adjustment of the n micro-ring modulators is completed, so that the light beams to be transmitted in the working light beams of the n micro-ring modulators are transmitted in the first linear waveguide of the micro-ring modulator.
The invention also provides a micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver, which is characterized in that:
the device comprises n micro-ring filters and n second temperature control adjusting units connected with the n micro-ring filters respectively, wherein the n second temperature control adjusting units are correspondingly connected with n adjustable reference voltages; n is the total number of wavelengths received in the wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
the micro-ring filter comprises a second linear waveguide and a second annular waveguide which is coupled and connected with the second linear waveguide; the n second linear waveguides are connected in sequence;
the second temperature control adjusting unit comprises a second heater, an output signal detecting component and a second temperature control circuit which are integrally arranged on the second annular waveguide;
the output signal detection assembly comprises a photoelectric detector, a transimpedance amplifier and a low-pass filter which are connected in sequence; the photoelectric detector is connected with the second annular waveguide and is used for detecting optical signals in the second annular waveguide; the resistor in the transimpedance amplifier is an adjustable resistor; the output signal detection component is used for generating output voltage and transmitting the output voltage to the second temperature control circuit;
the second temperature control circuit comprises a second comparator, a second operation circuit and a second digital-to-analog converter which are sequentially connected; the second comparator is used for receiving the reference voltage and the output voltage and performing comparison analysis; the second operation circuit is used for performing operation according to the comparison analysis result of the second comparator, inputting the operation result to the second digital-to-analog converter, and connecting the second digital-to-analog converter with the second heater for adjusting the temperature of the second heater according to the operation result.
Further, the relationship between the radius of the second annular waveguide of the micro-ring filter and the corresponding wavelength is: mλ (m lambda) m ＝2πr 2 n 2eff Wherein m is the resonant order, lambda m Is the resonance wavelength of the m-th order, r 2 Is the radius of the second annular waveguide, n 2eff An effective refractive index of the second annular waveguide;
the waveguide material of the micro-ring filter is silicon, the waveguide thickness of the micro-ring filter is 200nm-1000nm, and wavelength division multiplexing of wave bands of 1260nm-1360nm or 1530nm-1625nm can be realized.
Further, the photodetector is a germanium-silicon photodiode;
the second heater is a titanium nitride heater or a lightly doped silicon resistance heater.
The invention also provides a temperature control debugging method of the micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
b1, obtaining initial reference voltages of all second comparators;
b2, adjusting the second heaters integrated on the second annular waveguides to enable the resonance wavelength of the micro-annular filter to be smaller than the input optical signal with the corresponding wavelength, and enabling n wavelengths to sequentially enter the n second annular waveguides from small to large or from large to small;
b3, starting the micro-ring filter and the second temperature control adjusting unit, and adjusting the filtering effect of the micro-ring filter from the 1 st micro-ring filter;
b3.1, filter the j-th micro-ringThe filtering effect of the wave device is regulated, and the optical signal in the jth micro-ring filter is processed by the output signal detection component to form an output voltage V j The second comparator receives the output voltage V j And an initial reference voltage V' j And comparing; j= … n;
V j ＜V′ j then: step a, regulating a second heater through a second temperature control circuit to enable V to be formed j Raised to V j1 And V is j1 Greater than V' j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step b, regulating the reference voltage to be 2V' j Make V j1 Less than 2V' j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Repeating step a to make V j1 Raised to V j2 And V is j2 Greater than 2V' j Repeating the step b, and adjusting the reference voltage to 3V' j Make V j2 Less than 3V' j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Repeating step a and step b until the second heater is adjusted to not realize V jn ＞nV′ j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If the voltage regulation precision meets the requirement, maintaining the temperature by adopting a second heater for enabling the resonance peak to be at an ideal position, realizing the corresponding wavelength filtering in the j-th micro-ring filter, and executing B3.3; if the voltage regulation precision does not meet the requirement, executing B3.2;
b3.2, taking (n-1) V' j With nV' j Median voltage V of (2) M1 Adjusting the second heater to judge the output voltage and the median voltage V M1 Is the relation of:
if the output voltage is greater than the median voltage V M1 Then take the median voltage V M1 With nV' j Median voltage V of (2) M2 Regulating the second heater to judge the output voltage and the median voltage V M2 Is a relationship of (2); if the output voltage cannot be greater than the median voltage V M1 Then (n-1) V 'is taken' j And median voltage V M1 Median voltage V of (2) M3 Regulating the second heater to judge the output voltage and the median voltage V M3 Is a relationship of (2);
sequentially judging the median value of the reference voltage until the output voltage cannot be larger than the median voltage and the adjustment accuracy of the voltage meets the requirement, and maintaining the temperature by using a second heater for enabling the resonance peak to be in an ideal position so as to realize the corresponding wavelength filtering in the j-th micro-ring filter;
and then adjusting the next micro-ring filter until the adjustment of the n micro-ring filters is completed, and realizing the corresponding wavelength filtering in the n micro-ring filters.
Further, in step B1, the initial reference voltage V' j The calculation formula of (2) is as follows
V′ j ＝(P j -P j loss (j) )·R j ·G j
Wherein P is j The original optical power corresponding to the optical wavelength in the jth micro-ring filter, P j loss (j) The maximum loss value of the optical power of the corresponding optical wavelength in the jth micro-ring filter is R j Photodetector PD connected for jth micro-ring filter j Response rate of G j Is a photodetector PD j Gain of the connected transimpedance amplifier.
The invention also provides a micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical transceiver, which is characterized in that: the optical transmitter comprises the micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter and the micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter provided by the invention has fewer detectors and smaller system loss; in operation, each micro-ring modulator corresponds to a working light beam with one wavelength and is not interfered by the light energy of different wavelengths.
2. The temperature control debugging method of the micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter provided by the invention adopts a ring-by-ring analysis mode for the micro-ring modulator, and the photoelectric detector is adopted to detect the input and output signals of the single micro-ring modulator, so that the influence on adjustment caused by that the micro-ring modulator cannot achieve the complete filtering effect and the wavelength part light is not filtered is reduced.
3. The detector used by the wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver provided by the invention is based on the detector which needs to be used by the receiving end, and the system loss is small.
4. The temperature control debugging method of the wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver provided by the invention uses a detector to observe the input and output signals of a single micro-ring modulator in a ring-by-ring analysis mode, so that the optical signals are sequentially output according to the wavelength; in operation, the reaction speed is faster because the reference voltage changes along with the output voltage; therefore, the temperature control debugging method has the characteristics of high reaction speed and small loss.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter (lasers are not shown in the figure);
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a temperature control debugging process of the micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a normalized optical modulation amplitude analysis principle of the micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter in embodiment 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a normalized optical modulation amplitude analysis principle of the micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter in embodiment 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a temperature control debugging flow of the micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver according to the present invention.
The reference numerals are as follows:
101-first linear waveguide, 102-first annular waveguide, 103-first heater, 104-output photodetector, 105-input photodetector, 106-first comparator, 107-first arithmetic circuit, 108-first digital-to-analog converter, 201-second linear waveguide, 202-second annular waveguide, 203-second heater, 204-photodetector, 205-transimpedance amplifier, 206-low pass filter, 207-second comparator, 208-second arithmetic circuit, 209-second digital-to-analog converter, 210-receiving device.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, where the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter includes a laser (not shown in the figure), n micro-ring modulators sequentially connected to the laser, and n first temperature control adjustment units respectively connected to the n micro-ring modulators, where n is an integer and n is greater than or equal to 1; the emitted light of the laser comprises n wavelength working beams, the n working beams correspond to the n micro-ring modulators and the n first temperature control and regulation units respectively, and each wavelength working beam is split into a detection beam and a beam to be transmitted; the light beam to be transmitted enters the corresponding micro-ring modulator for transmission, the detection light beam enters the corresponding first temperature control and regulation unit as a contrast light signal, and the detection light beam accounts for 1% -10% of the working light beam.
The micro-ring modulator comprises a first linear waveguide 101 and a first annular waveguide 102 coupled with the first linear waveguide 101; the n first linear waveguides 101 are connected in sequence; the relationship between the radius of the first annular waveguide 102 of the micro-ring modulator and the corresponding wavelength is: mλ (m lambda) m ＝2πr 1 n 1eff Wherein m is the resonant order, lambda m Is the resonance wavelength of the m-th order, r 1 Is the radius, n, of the first annular waveguide 102 1eff An effective refractive index of the first annular waveguide 102; the waveguide material of the micro-ring modulator is silicon, the waveguide thickness of the micro-ring modulator is 200nm-1000nm, and wavelength division multiplexing of wave bands of 1260nm-1360nm or 1530nm-1625nm can be realized.
The first temperature control adjusting unit comprises a first heater 103, an input signal detector, an output signal detector and a first temperature control circuit which are integrally arranged on the first annular waveguide 102; specifically, the first heater 103 is a titanium nitride heater or a lightly doped silicon resistive heater; the input signal detector comprises an input photoelectric detector 105 and a fixed value resistor, and is used for detecting the detection light beam and generating an input detection signal; the output signal detector comprises an output photoelectric detector 104 and an adjustable resistor, and is used for detecting the light beam in the first annular waveguide 102 and generating an output detection signal; the input photodetector 105 and the output photodetector 104 are silicon germanium photodiodes.
The first temperature control circuit comprises a first comparator 106, a first operation circuit 107 and a first digital-to-analog converter 108 which are connected in sequence; two input ends of the first comparator 106 are respectively connected with the output end of the input signal detector and the output end of the output signal detector, and are used for comparing and analyzing the input detection signal and the output detection signal; the first operation circuit 107 is configured to perform an operation according to a comparison analysis result of the first comparator 106, and input the operation result to the first digital-to-analog converter 108, where the first digital-to-analog converter 108 is connected to the first heater 103, and is configured to adjust a temperature of the first heater 103 according to the operation result.
Referring to fig. 2, the temperature control debugging method of the micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter includes the following steps:
a1, designing the radius of the first annular waveguide 102 of each micro-ring modulator, so that the resonance peak of the first annular waveguide 102 shifts to a wave band smaller than the wavelength of the corresponding working beam.
A2, performing standardized optical modulation amplitude analysis on each micro-ring modulator by adjusting the first heater 103 on each micro-ring modulator.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, OMA at different wavelengths is shown for the transmitted response at two different bias voltages (0V/3V) and the average of the two responses obtained by the detector; in order to maximize the resonant cavity, lambda corresponding to the maximum OMA at this time is recorded max And taking the average transmission response loss of the (B) as a reference for temperature control feedback adjustment; lambda (lambda) max The average transmission loss of the corresponding drop end is a, and alpha=P in an ideal state can be obtained out /P in ＝10 0.1a . The output photodetector 104 will couple out the optical power in the waveguide with a duty cycle k, at which point P n ＝(1-α)(1-k)P in . Under ideal conditions R n ＝R 0 *P in /P n Taking the case shown in fig. 3 as an example, a= -6dB can be obtained at this time, α=0.25, let R be 0 10. OMEGA.and k is 0.05, R being 1 ＝R 0 *P in /P 1 ＝14Ω。
The current signal ratio at the maximum point of the standardized light modulation amplitude curve change of the ith micro-ring modulator is I i /I 0i ，R 0 I is the resistance of a fixed-value resistor which is set according to the requirement 0i To input the photodetector 105PD 0i Measured current value, I i To output the photo detector 104PD i A measured current value; v (V) 0i ＝I 0i ·R 0 At V 0i ＝V i Under the condition of according to I i /I 0i ＝R 0 /R i In turnCalculating the resistance value of the adjustable resistor, i= … n; that is, by adjusting the temperature of the first annular waveguide 102, the effective refractive index N of the first annular waveguide 102 is changed eff The optical wavelength passing through the first annular waveguide 102 is enabled to meet the resonance condition of the first annular waveguide 102, the temperature of each first annular waveguide 102 is sequentially adjusted, and each optical wavelength can meet the resonance condition of the corresponding first annular waveguide 102; reading the current magnitude I of the corresponding output photodetector 104 of each first annular waveguide 102 at the moment 1 ，I 2 ...I n To determine the respective resistance R in the system in the corresponding input light wavelength state 1 ...R n Is a resistance value of (a).
A3, starting the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, and simultaneously starting the temperature control and adjustment system, the input signal detector and the output signal detector; starting to adjust the transmission state of the working beam in the micro-ring modulator from the first micro-ring modulator; according to V' 01 ＝I′ 01 ·R 0 ，V′ 1 ＝I′ 1 ·R 1 Wherein V' 1 Is the output voltage V 'after the optical signal in the annular waveguide of the first micro-ring modulator is converted into the electric signal' 01 Comparing the input voltage of the optical signal converted into the electric signal for the first micro-ring modulator; based on step A1, at this time V' 1 ＞V′ 01 The comparator outputs the signal to the operation circuit, the operation circuit outputs the signal to the digital-to-analog converter after operating the signal, and the digital-to-analog converter adjusts the current loaded on the heater to heat the micro-ring modulator according to the operation result until V '' 1 ≤V′ 01 The maintenance temperature is used for enabling the resonance peak to be in an ideal position, and the light beam to be transmitted is ensured to enter the linear waveguide for transmission.
Judging the transmission state of the working beam in the micro-ring modulator according to V 'for the ith micro-ring modulator' 0i ＝I′ 0i ·R 0 ，V′ i ＝I′ i ·R i Wherein V' i Output voltage V 'after optical signal is converted into electric signal in the first annular waveguide 102 of the ith micro-ring modulator' 0i Conversion of optical signals to electrical for the ith micro-ring modulatorInput voltage after signal.
Based on step A1, at this time V' i ＞V′ 0i The first comparator 106 will V' 0i And V' i The comparison signal is output to a first operation circuit 107, the first operation circuit 107 operates the signal and outputs the signal to a first digital-to-analog converter 108, and the first digital-to-analog converter 108 adjusts the current loaded on the first heater 103 according to the operation result to heat the micro-ring modulator until V '' i ≤V′ 0i The maintenance of the temperature is used to make the resonance peak at the ideal position, so as to ensure that the light beam to be transmitted enters the first linear waveguide 101 for transmission.
And then the next micro-ring modulator is adjusted until the adjustment of the n micro-ring modulators is completed, so that the light beams to be transmitted in the working light beams of the n micro-ring modulators are transmitted in the first linear waveguide 101 of the micro-ring modulator.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 5, the present embodiment provides a micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver, where the wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver includes n micro-ring filters and n second temperature control adjusting units connected to the n micro-ring filters respectively, and the n second temperature control adjusting units are correspondingly connected to n adjustable reference voltages; n is the total number of wavelengths received in the wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
The micro-ring filter comprises a second linear waveguide 201 and a second annular waveguide 202 coupled with the second linear waveguide 201; n second linear waveguides 201 are connected in sequence; the relationship between the radius of the second annular waveguide 202 of the micro-ring filter and the corresponding wavelength is: mλ (m lambda) m ＝2πr 2 n 2eff Wherein m is the resonant order, lambda m Is the resonance wavelength of the m-th order, r 2 Is the radius, n, of the second annular waveguide 202 2eff An effective refractive index of the second annular waveguide 202; the waveguide material of the micro-ring filter is silicon, the waveguide thickness of the micro-ring filter is 200nm-1000nm, and wavelength division multiplexing of wave bands of 1260nm-1360nm or 1530nm-1625nm can be realized.
The second temperature control adjusting unit comprises a second heater 203, an output signal detecting component and a second temperature control circuit which are integrally arranged on the second annular waveguide 202, wherein the second heater 203 is a titanium nitride heater or a lightly doped silicon resistance heater.
The output signal detection component comprises a photoelectric detector 204, a transimpedance amplifier 205 and a low-pass filter 206 which are connected in sequence; the photodetector 204 is a germanium-silicon photodiode and is connected to the second annular waveguide 202 for detecting an optical signal in the second annular waveguide 202; the resistance in the transimpedance amplifier 205 is an adjustable resistance; the output signal detection component is used for generating output voltage and transmitting the output voltage to the second temperature control circuit.
The output end of the transimpedance amplifier 205 is further connected to a receiving device 210, for receiving the optical signals with the corresponding wavelengths filtered by the respective micro-ring filters.
The second temperature control circuit comprises a second comparator 207, a second operation circuit 208 and a second digital-to-analog converter 209 which are connected in sequence; the second comparator 207 is used for receiving the reference voltage and the output voltage and performing comparison analysis; the second operation circuit 208 is configured to perform an operation according to a comparison analysis result of the second comparator 207, and input the operation result to the second digital-to-analog converter 209, where the second digital-to-analog converter 209 is connected to the second heater 203, and is configured to adjust a temperature of the second heater 203 according to the operation result.
Referring to fig. 6, the temperature control debugging method of the micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver includes the following steps:
b1, acquiring initial reference voltages of the second comparators 207; initial reference voltage V' j The calculation formula of (2) is as follows
V′ j ＝(P j -P j loss (j) )·R j ·G j
Wherein P is j The original optical power corresponding to the optical wavelength in the jth micro-ring filter, P j loss (j) The maximum loss value of the optical power of the corresponding optical wavelength in the jth micro-ring filter is R j Photodetector 204PD connected for the jth micro-ring filter j Response rate of G j Is a photodetector 204PD j Gain of the connected transimpedance amplifier 205, j= … n.
B2, adjusting the second heater 203 integrated on each second annular waveguide 202 to make the resonance wavelength of the micro-annular filter smaller than the input optical signal with the corresponding wavelength; meanwhile, n wavelengths sequentially enter n second annular waveguides 202 in order from small to large or from large to small due to a change in effective refractive index caused by temperature adjustment.
B3, starting the micro-ring filter and the second temperature control adjusting unit, and adjusting the filtering effect of the micro-ring filter from the 1 st micro-ring filter;
the filtering effect of the j-th micro-ring filter is adjusted, and the optical signal in the j-th micro-ring filter is processed by the output signal detection component to form an output voltage V j The second comparator 207 receives the output voltage V j And an initial reference voltage V' j And comparing; the wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver structure shown in fig. 5 is schematically shown, where n wavelengths are λ 1 、λ 2 ...λ n Light of different wavelength optical signals is input from the left side of the waveguide, and the resonance wavelength of the micro-ring filter is not lambda 0 、λ 1 、λ 2 ...λ n The resonance wavelength is smaller than the wavelength of the input light, and the Drop end response of each ring is very low. For the jth micro-ring filter, we set the initial reference voltage V 'according to the input optical power' j Greater than V j The second heater 203 starts to operate so that the Drop end response rises, V j Becomes large (in order to prevent the initial reference voltage set from being excessively large, V j Cannot reach, V' j Smaller initial value in general), final V j Will be equal to or greater than V' j . At V n Equal to or greater than V' j After that, V' j At a certain amplitude, the reference voltage V' j Again greater than V j The second heater 203 continues to operate so that the Drop end response rises, V j And continue to grow larger. With V 'under this process cycle' j Rise of V j Will not be greater than V' j Description of V 'at this time' j Exceeding V j Is assumed to be V j After x times of adjustment, V j Cannot be greater than V' j The temperature ranges of the x-th and x-1 th adjustments are controlled by the second heater 203The micro-loop filter is locked in the current state, and feedback adjustment is completed, in the adjustment mode, the adjustment amplitude of the reference voltage is small, the adjustment amplitude meets the adjustment precision requirement of the voltage, but the smaller the adjustment amplitude of the reference voltage is, the longer the adjustment process is, and the small-amplitude adjustment is suitable for small span between the initial reference voltage and the reference voltage after x times of adjustment.
The embodiment adopts a median method of reference voltage for comparison, and specifically:
b3.1 based on the initial reference voltage V 'in step B1' j V of the acquisition method j ＜V′ j Then: step a, adjusting the second heater 203 by the second temperature control circuit to make V j Raised to V j1 And V is j1 Greater than V' j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step b, regulating the reference voltage to be 2V' j Make V j1 Less than 2V' j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Repeating step a to make V j1 Raised to V j2 And V is j2 Greater than 2V' j Repeating the step b, and adjusting the reference voltage to 3V' j ，V j2 Less than 3V' j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Until the second heater 203 is adjusted so that V cannot be realized jn ＞nV′ j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If the voltage regulation precision meets the requirement, maintaining the temperature by adopting the second heater 203 for enabling the resonance peak to be at an ideal position, realizing the corresponding wavelength filtering in the j-th micro-ring filter, and executing B3.3; and if the voltage regulation precision is not satisfactory, executing the step B3.2.
B3.2, taking (n-1) V' j With nV' j Median voltage V of (2) M1 The second heater 203 is adjusted to determine the output voltage and the median voltage V M1 Is the relation of:
if the output voltage can be greater than the median voltage V M1 Then take the median voltage V M1 With nV' j Median voltage V of (2) M2 Adjusting the second heater 203 to determine the output voltage and the median voltage V M2 Is a relationship of (2);
if the output voltage cannot be greater than the median voltage V M1 Then (n-1) V 'is taken' j And median voltage V M1 Median voltage V of (2) M3 Adjusting the second heater 203 to determine the output powerVoltage and median voltage V M3 Is a relationship of (2);
and taking the median value of the reference voltage to judge in sequence until the output voltage cannot be larger than the median voltage and the adjustment precision of the median voltage meets the requirement, adopting the second heater 203 to maintain the temperature for enabling the resonance peak to be in an ideal position, and realizing the corresponding wavelength filtering in the j-th micro-ring filter.
And B3.3, adjusting the next micro-ring filter until the adjustment of the n micro-ring filters is completed, and realizing the corresponding wavelength filtering in the n micro-ring filters.
Example 3
The present embodiment provides a wavelength division multiplexer including the above-described micro-ring based wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter and the above-described micro-ring based wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver.
Claims (5)
1. A temperature control debugging method of a micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter adopts the micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, wherein the micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter comprises a laser, n micro-ring modulators sequentially connected with the laser and n first temperature control adjusting units respectively connected with the n micro-ring modulators, n is an integer and n is more than or equal to 1; the emitted light of the laser comprises n wavelength working beams, the n working beams correspond to the n micro-ring modulators and the n first temperature control and regulation units respectively, and each wavelength working beam is split into a detection beam and a beam to be transmitted; the light beam to be transmitted enters a corresponding micro-ring modulator for transmission, the detection light beam enters a corresponding first temperature control and regulation unit as a contrast light signal, and the detection light beam accounts for 1% -10% of the working light beam;
the micro-ring modulator comprises a first linear waveguide (101) and a first annular waveguide (102) coupled with the first linear waveguide (101); the n first linear waveguides (101) are sequentially connected;
the first temperature control adjusting unit comprises a first heater (103), an input signal detector, an output signal detector and a first temperature control circuit which are integrally arranged on the first annular waveguide (102);
the input signal detector comprises an input photoelectric detector (105) and a fixed value resistor, and is used for detecting the detection light beam and generating an input detection signal;
the output signal detector comprises an output photoelectric detector (104) and an adjustable resistor, and is used for detecting the light beam in the first annular waveguide (102) and generating an output detection signal;
the first temperature control circuit comprises a first comparator (106), a first operation circuit (107) and a first digital-to-analog converter (108) which are connected in sequence; two input ends of the first comparator (106) are respectively connected with the output end of the input signal detector and the output end of the output signal detector and are used for carrying out comparison analysis on the input detection signal and the output detection signal; the first operation circuit (107) is used for performing operation according to the comparison analysis result of the first comparator (106), inputting the operation result to the first digital-to-analog converter (108), and the first digital-to-analog converter (108) is connected with the first heater (103) and is used for adjusting the temperature of the first heater (103) according to the operation result;
the relationship between the radius of the first annular waveguide (102) of the micro-ring modulator and the corresponding wavelength is as follows: mλ (m lambda) m ＝2πr 1 n 1eff Wherein m is the resonant order, lambda m Is the resonance wavelength of the m-th order, r 1 Is the radius of the first annular waveguide (102), n 1eff Is the effective refractive index of the first annular waveguide (102);
the waveguide material of the micro-ring modulator is silicon, the waveguide thickness of the micro-ring modulator is 200nm-1000nm, and wavelength division multiplexing of wave bands of 1260nm-1360nm or 1530nm-1625nm can be realized; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a1, setting the radius of a first annular waveguide (102) for designing each micro-ring modulator, so that the resonance peak of the first annular waveguide (102) shifts to a wave band smaller than the wavelength of a corresponding working beam;
a2, carrying out standardized light modulation amplitude analysis on each micro-ring modulator by adjusting a first heater (103) on each micro-ring modulator; the current signal ratio at the maximum point of the standardized light modulation amplitude curve change of the ith micro-ring modulator is I i /I 0i ，R 0 To be set according to the needResistance value of constant value resistor, I 0i For inputting the photo detector (105) PD 0i Measured current value, I i For outputting the photo detector (104) PD i A measured current value; v (V) 0i ＝I 0i ·R 0 At V 0i ＝V i Under the condition of according to I i /I 0i ＝R 0 /R i Sequentially calculating the resistance value of the adjustable resistor; i= … n;
a3, starting the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, and simultaneously starting the temperature control and adjustment system, the input signal detector and the output signal detector; starting to adjust the transmission state of the working beam in the micro-ring modulator from the first micro-ring modulator;
judging the transmission state of the working beam in the micro-ring modulator according to V 'for the ith micro-ring modulator' 0i ＝I′ 0i ·R 0 ，V′ i ＝I′ i ·R i Wherein V' i Is the output voltage of the ith micro-ring modulator after the optical signal is converted into the electric signal in the first annular waveguide (102), V' 0i Comparing the input voltage of the optical signal converted into the electric signal for the ith micro-ring modulator;
based on step A1, at this time V' i ＞V′ 0i The first comparator (106) will be V' 0i And V' i The comparison signal is output to a first operation circuit (107), the first operation circuit (107) operates the signal and outputs the signal to a first digital-to-analog converter (108), and the first digital-to-analog converter (108) adjusts the current loaded on the first heater (103) according to the operation result to heat the micro-ring modulator until V '' i ≤V′ 0i Maintaining a temperature for enabling the resonance peak to be at an ideal position, and ensuring that a light beam to be transmitted enters a first linear waveguide (101) for transmission;
and then adjusting the next micro-ring modulator until the adjustment of the n micro-ring modulators is completed, so that the light beams to be transmitted in the working light beams of the n micro-ring modulators are transmitted in the first linear waveguide (101) of the micro-ring modulators.
2. The temperature control debugging method of the micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter according to claim 1, wherein the temperature control debugging method comprises the following steps:
the input photoelectric detector (105) and the output photoelectric detector (104) are germanium-silicon photodiodes;
the first heater (103) is a titanium nitride heater or a lightly doped silicon resistive heater.
3. The temperature control debugging method of the micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver adopts the micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver, wherein the micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver comprises n micro-ring filters and n second temperature control adjusting units which are respectively connected with the n micro-ring filters, and the n second temperature control adjusting units are correspondingly connected with n adjustable reference voltages; n is the total number of wavelengths received in the wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
the micro-ring filter comprises a second linear waveguide (201) and a second annular waveguide (202) which is coupled with the second linear waveguide (201); n second linear waveguides (201) are sequentially connected;
the second temperature control adjusting unit comprises a second heater (203), an output signal detecting component and a second temperature control circuit which are integrally arranged on the second annular waveguide (202);
the output signal detection assembly comprises a photoelectric detector (204), a transimpedance amplifier (205) and a low-pass filter (206) which are connected in sequence; the photoelectric detector (204) is connected with the second annular waveguide (202) and is used for detecting optical signals in the second annular waveguide (202); the resistance in the transimpedance amplifier (205) is an adjustable resistance; the output signal detection component is used for generating output voltage and transmitting the output voltage to the second temperature control circuit;
the second temperature control circuit comprises a second comparator (207), a second operation circuit (208) and a second digital-to-analog converter (209) which are connected in sequence; the second comparator (207) is used for receiving a reference voltage and an output voltage and performing comparison analysis; the second operation circuit (208) is used for performing operation according to the comparison analysis result of the second comparator (207), inputting the operation result to the second digital-to-analog converter (209), and connecting the second digital-to-analog converter (209) with the second heater (203) for adjusting the temperature of the second heater (203) according to the operation result;
the relationship between the radius of the second annular waveguide (202) of the micro-ring filter and the corresponding wavelength is as follows: mλ (m lambda) m ＝2πr 2 n 2eff Wherein m is the resonant order, lambda m Is the resonance wavelength of the m-th order, r 2 Is the radius of the second annular waveguide (202), n 2eff Is the effective refractive index of the second annular waveguide (202);
the waveguide material of the micro-ring filter is silicon, the waveguide thickness of the micro-ring filter is 200nm-1000nm, and wavelength division multiplexing of wave bands of 1260nm-1360nm or 1530nm-1625nm can be realized; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
b1, acquiring initial reference voltages of the second comparators (207);
b2, adjusting the second heater (203) integrated on each second annular waveguide (202) to enable the resonance wavelength of the micro-annular filter to be smaller than the input optical signal with the corresponding wavelength, and enabling n wavelengths to sequentially enter the n second annular waveguides (202) from small to large or from large to small;
b3, starting the micro-ring filter and the second temperature control adjusting unit, and adjusting the filtering effect of the micro-ring filter from the 1 st micro-ring filter;
b3.1, adjusting the filtering effect of the jth micro-ring filter, wherein the optical signal in the jth micro-ring filter is processed by the output signal detection component to form an output voltage V j The second comparator (207) receives the output voltage V j And an initial reference voltage V' j And comparing; j= … n;
V j ＜V′ j then: step a, regulating a second heater (203) through a second temperature control circuit to enable V j Raised to V j1 And V is j1 Greater than V' j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step b, regulating the reference voltage to be 2V' j Make V j1 Less than 2V' j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Repeating step a to make V j1 Raised to V j2 And V is j2 Greater than 2V' j Repeating the step b, and adjusting the reference voltage to 3V' j Make V j2 Less than 3V' j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Repeating step a and step b until the second heater (203) is adjusted to not achieve V jn ＞nV′ j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If the voltage regulation precision meets the requirement, maintaining the temperature by adopting a second heater (203) for enabling a resonance peak to be in an ideal position, realizing the corresponding wavelength filtering in the j-th micro-ring filter, and executing B3.3; if the voltage regulation precision does not meet the requirement, executing B3.2;
b3.2, taking (n-1) V' j With nV' j Median voltage V of (2) M1 Adjusting the second heater (203) to determine the output voltage and the median voltage V M1 Is the relation of:
if the output voltage is greater than the median voltage V M1 Then take the median voltage V M1 With nV' j Median voltage V of (2) M2 Adjusting the second heater (203) to determine the output voltage and the median voltage V M2 Is a relationship of (2);
if the output voltage cannot be greater than the median voltage V M1 Then (n-1) V 'is taken' j And median voltage V M1 Median voltage V of (2) M3 Adjusting the second heater (203) to determine the output voltage and the median voltage V M3 Is a relationship of (2);
sequentially judging the median value of the reference voltage until the output voltage cannot be larger than the median voltage and the adjustment accuracy of the voltage meets the requirement, and maintaining the temperature by using a second heater (203) for enabling the resonance peak to be in an ideal position so as to realize the corresponding wavelength filtering in the j-th micro-ring filter;
and B3.3, adjusting the next micro-ring filter until the adjustment of the n micro-ring filters is completed, and realizing the corresponding wavelength filtering in the n micro-ring filters.
4. A temperature control debugging method of a micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver according to claim 3, wherein:
the photodetector (204) is a germanium-silicon photodiode, and the second heater (203) is a titanium nitride heater or a lightly doped silicon resistance heater.
5. The temperature control debugging method of the micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing optical receiver according to claim 4, wherein the temperature control debugging method comprises the following steps:
in step B1Initial reference voltage V' j The calculation formula of (c) is as follows,
V′ j ＝(P j -P j loss (j) )·R j ·G j
Wherein P is j The original optical power corresponding to the optical wavelength in the jth micro-ring filter, P j loss (j) The maximum loss value of the optical power of the corresponding optical wavelength in the jth micro-ring filter is R j Photodetector (204) PD connected for the jth micro-ring filter j Response rate of G j Is a photodetector (204) PD j Gain of the connected transimpedance amplifier.
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