CN114609729B - Temperature control adjusting system and debugging method of micro-ring modulator wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter - Google Patents

Temperature control adjusting system and debugging method of micro-ring modulator wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter Download PDF

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CN114609729B
CN114609729B CN202210239013.9A CN202210239013A CN114609729B CN 114609729 B CN114609729 B CN 114609729B CN 202210239013 A CN202210239013 A CN 202210239013A CN 114609729 B CN114609729 B CN 114609729B
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micro
ring
ring modulator
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temperature control
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CN114609729A (en
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王斌浩
韩溪林
鲍慎雷
张文富
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XiAn Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS
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XiAn Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29331—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by evanescent wave coupling
    • G02B6/29335—Evanescent coupling to a resonator cavity, i.e. between a waveguide mode and a resonant mode of the cavity
    • G02B6/29338—Loop resonators
    • G02B6/2934—Fibre ring resonators, e.g. fibre coils
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4266—Thermal aspects, temperature control or temperature monitoring

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a temperature control adjusting system and a debugging method of a micro-ring modulator wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, which aim to solve the technical problems that the micro-ring modulator in the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter generates heat in the temperature change and modulation process to cause the change of refractive index and the processing process error to cause the shift of a resonance peak. The system comprises n micro-ring modulation units which are sequentially cascaded, wherein each micro-ring modulation unit comprises a micro-ring modulator, a photoelectric detector, an adjustable resistor, a comparator and a digital-to-analog converter which are sequentially connected; the comparator is used for receiving the output voltage signal of the corresponding micro-ring modulator and the voltage signal output by the output end of the previous micro-ring modulator or the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter. The method comprises the steps of 1, obtaining an optical power compensation coefficient of a wavelength; 2. acquiring the resistance value of the adjustable resistor; 3. when the voltage signal is actually used, the voltage signal received in the comparator is calculated, judged and adjusted; 4. and adding a modulation signal, and circularly monitoring the resonant wavelength of the micro-ring modulator.

Description

Temperature control adjusting system and debugging method of micro-ring modulator wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter
Technical Field
The invention relates to a temperature control adjusting method of a wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, in particular to a temperature control adjusting system based on a micro-ring modulator wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter and a self-adaptive wavelength stabilization debugging method thereof.
Background
With the development of internet technology and the arrival of big data era, technologies such as cloud computing, cloud storage, artificial intelligence and the like are started, and the demand of various social circles on communication capacity is increasing. According to statistics, data centers around the world have doubled in the last decade, and internet business data has increased by more than 10 times. The wavelength division multiplexing system improves the efficiency of carrying information by light and greatly expands the communication capacity.
The wavelength division multiplexing system transmits different information carried by light with different wavelengths in the same optical fiber through a multiplexer according to the principle that the light with different wavelengths does not interfere with each other, thereby expanding the channel of the existing optical fiber communication. The wavelength division system based on the silicon-based integrated chip is the most commercialized design method at present, and the silicon-based integrated chip has CMOS compatibility, so that the silicon-based integrated chip can be produced in a large scale through a semiconductor production line, and the production cost is reduced.
The silicon-based integrated platform has higher refractive index difference, which is beneficial to realizing large-scale, small-size and high-density device integration, but the sensitivity of the silicon waveguide to temperature change (thermo-optic coefficient is 1.84E-4/DEG C) causes that wavelength division multiplexing devices on the integrated platform, such as microring resonators, are very sensitive to temperature change. The change of the ambient temperature and the heat generated in the modulation process can cause the change of the refractive index, which leads to the shift of the resonance peak, thereby the wavelength division multiplexing effect is degraded, and how to control the temperature of the modulator, so that the resonance peak is kept at the desired position, is a problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the wavelength division multiplexing effect is reduced due to the shift of a resonance peak caused by the change of a refractive index caused by the heat generated in the process of changing the environmental temperature and modulating the micro-ring modulator in a wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter and the process error in processing, and provides a temperature control adjusting system and a debugging method of the micro-ring modulator wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a temperature control regulating system of a micro-ring modulator wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter is characterized in that:
comprising a photodetector PD 0 Adjustable resistance R 0 N micro-ring modulation units which are sequentially cascaded, wherein n is the number of wavelengths transmitted by the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter;
the micro-ring modulation unit comprises a micro-ring modulator, a heater, a photoelectric detector and a temperature control regulating circuit, wherein the heater, the photoelectric detector and the temperature control regulating circuit are integrated on the micro-ring modulator;
the micro-ring modulator comprises an input straight waveguide, an annular waveguide coupled with the input straight waveguide and an output straight waveguide coupled with the output of the annular waveguide which are sequentially connected; the output straight waveguides and the input straight waveguides in the n micro-ring modulators are connected in sequence; the input straight waveguide in the 1 st micro-ring modulator is used for being connected with the laser output of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter;
the input end of the photoelectric detector is connected with the corresponding output straight waveguide and is used for receiving the optical signal of the output straight waveguide and converting the optical signal into an electric signal; the annular waveguide is provided with a heater, and the heater is connected with a corresponding temperature control adjusting circuit;
the temperature control adjusting circuit comprises an adjustable resistor, a comparator and a digital-to-analog converter which are sequentially connected along the signal transmission direction; the digital-to-analog converters are connected with the corresponding heaters; the input end of the adjustable resistor is connected with the output end of the corresponding photoelectric detector, the first output end of the adjustable resistor is connected with one input end of the corresponding comparator, and the second output end of the adjustable resistor is also connected with the other input end of the comparator in the next-stage temperature control adjusting circuit;
the photoelectric detector PD 0 For connection with the optical signal output of the wavelength division multiplex optical transmitter, a photodetector PD 0 Output terminal and adjustable resistor R 0 Is connected to an adjustable resistor R 0 The output end of the comparator is connected with the other input end of the comparator in the 1 st temperature control regulating circuit;
the comparator is used for comparing the input voltage signal and the output voltage signal of the corresponding micro-ring modulator, and the output of the comparator is connected with the input of the corresponding digital-to-analog converter; the digital-to-analog converter is used for processing the output signal of the comparator and then adjusting the current on the heater.
Further, the relationship between the radius of the ring waveguide of the micro-ring modulator and the corresponding wavelength is as follows: m lambda m ＝2πrn eff Where m is the resonance order, λ m Is the resonance wavelength of the mth order, r is the radius of the micro-ring modulator, n eff Is the effective refractive index of the annular waveguide;
the waveguide material of the micro-ring modulator is silicon, and the thickness of the waveguide is 200-500nm; can realize wavelength division multiplexing of 1260nm-1360nm or 1530nm-1625nm wave band;
the heater is a titanium nitride heater or a lightly doped silicon resistance heater;
the photoelectric detector is a germanium-silicon photodiode.
The invention provides a debugging method of a temperature control regulating system of a wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter of a micro-ring modulator, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a1, inputting laser output containing n wavelengths from the input end of a first micro-ring modulator, wherein the total power of input light intensity is P t (ii) a Simultaneously starting a temperature control adjusting circuit and a photoelectric detector, adjusting the heaters on the micro-ring modulators and enabling the total optical power output by the n micro-ring modulators to be minimum;
a2, under the state of the step A1, according to the photoelectric detector PD at the input end of the h-th micro-ring modulator h-1 And an output terminal photodetector PD h The difference value of the current values is used for calculating the optical power value P of the corresponding wavelength in the h micro-ring modulator h (ii) a The optical power compensation coefficient in the h-th micro-ring modulator is K h ＝(P t /n)/P h Wherein h is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n;
a3, continuously adjusting the heaters on the micro-ring modulators, performing standardized light modulation amplitude analysis on the micro-ring modulators, and recording the current signal ratio I at the maximum value point of the variation of the standardized light modulation amplitude curve corresponding to each micro-ring modulator out /I in And adjusting the adjustable resistance to realize V out ＝V in (ii) a The current-to-signal ratio at the maximum point of the variation of the normalized light modulation amplitude curve for the h-th micro-ring modulator is I h /I h-1 ，R 0 To a fixed value set as required, I 0 For photo-detector PD 0 Measured current value, V 0 ＝I 0 ·R 0 At V h-1 ＝V h Under the conditions according to I h /I h-1 ＝R h-1 /R h Sequentially calculating the resistance value of the adjustable resistor;
a4, starting a wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, simultaneously starting a temperature control regulating system and a photoelectric detector, and sequentially judging whether the resonant wavelength is changed or not from a first micro-ring modulator to each micro-ring modulator;
judging whether the resonance wavelength of the h-th micro-ring modulator is changed according to V' h ＝K h ·I′ h ·R h ，V′ h-1 ＝K h-1 ·I′ h-1 ·R h-1 Calculating V' h And V' h-1 (ii) a Wherein, V' h Is the actual output voltage, I' h Measuring the actual output current, V ', for a photodetector' h-1 Is the actual input voltage, I' h-1 Measuring an actual input current for the photodetector; k is 0 Optical power compensation factor, K, for laser output of a wavelength division multiplexed optical transmitter 0 ＝1；
If V' h-1 ＝V′ h Continuing to judge the resonance wavelength of the h +1 th micro-ring modulator;
if V' h-1 ≠V′ h The comparator outputs the signal to the digital-to-analog converter, the digital-to-analog converter processes the signal and then adjusts the current loaded on the heater to heat the micro-ring modulator, and then the resonant wavelength of the micro-ring modulator is adjusted to V' h-1 ＝V′ h (ii) a Continuing to judge the resonance wavelength of the h +1 th micro-ring modulator until the judgment of the n micro-ring modulators is finished;
and A5, adding modulation signals to the n micro-ring modulators, repeating the step A4, and circularly judging whether the resonant wavelengths of the n micro-ring modulators are changed or not until the work of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter is finished.
The invention also provides a temperature control regulating system of the micro-ring modulator wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, which is characterized in that:
comprising a photodetector PD 0 Adjustable resistance R 0 And n micro-ring modulation units which are cascaded in sequence, wherein n is the number of wavelengths transmitted by the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter;
the micro-ring modulation unit comprises a micro-ring modulator, a heater, a photoelectric detector and a temperature control regulating circuit, wherein the heater, the photoelectric detector and the temperature control regulating circuit are integrated on the micro-ring modulator;
the micro-ring modulator comprises an input straight waveguide, an annular waveguide coupled with the input straight waveguide and an output straight waveguide coupled with the output of the annular waveguide which are sequentially connected; the output straight waveguides and the input straight waveguides in the n micro-ring modulators are connected in sequence; the input straight waveguide in the 1 st micro-ring modulator is used for being connected with the laser output of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter;
the input end of the photoelectric detector is connected with the corresponding output straight waveguide and is used for receiving the optical signal of the output straight waveguide and converting the optical signal into an electric signal; the annular waveguide is provided with a heater, and the heater is connected with a corresponding temperature control adjusting circuit;
the temperature control adjusting circuit comprises an adjustable resistor, a comparator and a digital-to-analog converter which are sequentially connected along the signal transmission direction; the digital-to-analog converters are connected with the corresponding heaters; the input end of the adjustable resistor is connected with the output end of the corresponding photoelectric detector, and the output end of the adjustable resistor is connected with one input end of the corresponding comparator;
the photoelectric detector PD 0 For connection with the optical signal output of the wavelength division multiplex optical transmitter, photodetector PD 0 Output terminal and adjustable resistor R 0 Is connected with an adjustable resistor R 0 The output end of the voltage regulator is connected with the other input end of the comparator in each temperature control regulating circuit;
the comparator is used for comparing and analyzing the input voltage signals of the two input ends, and the output of the comparator is connected with the input of the digital-to-analog converter; the digital-to-analog converter is used for processing the output signal of the comparator and then adjusting the current on the heater.
Further, the relationship between the radius of the ring waveguide of the micro-ring modulator and the corresponding wavelength is as follows: m lambda m ＝2πrn eff Where m is the resonance order, λ m Is the resonance wavelength of the mth order, r is the radius of the micro-ring modulator, n eff Is the effective refractive index of the annular waveguide;
the waveguide material of the micro-ring modulator is silicon, and the thickness of the waveguide is 200-500nm; can realize wavelength division multiplexing of 1260nm-1360nm or 1530nm-1625nm wave band;
the heater is a titanium nitride heater or a lightly doped silicon resistance heater;
the photoelectric detector is a germanium-silicon photodiode.
The invention also provides a debugging method of the temperature control regulating system of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter of the micro-ring modulator, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
b1, inputting laser output containing n wavelengths from the input end of the first micro-ring modulator, wherein the total power of input light intensity is P t (ii) a Simultaneously starting a temperature control adjusting circuit and a photoelectric detector, adjusting the heaters on the micro-ring modulators and enabling the total optical power output by the n micro-ring modulators to be minimum;
b2, in the state of the step B1, according to the photoelectric detector PD at the input end of the h-th micro-ring modulator h-1 And a photodetector PD at the output terminal h The difference value of the current values is used for calculating the optical power value P of the corresponding wavelength in the h micro-ring modulator h Then the optical power compensation coefficient in the h-th micro-ring modulator is K h ＝(P t /n)/P h Wherein h is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n;
b3, continuously adjusting the heaters on the micro-ring modulators, performing standardized light modulation amplitude analysis on the micro-ring modulators, and recording the current signal ratio I at the maximum value point of the variation of the standardized light modulation amplitude curve corresponding to each micro-ring modulator out /I in And adjusting the adjustable resistance to realize V out ＝V in (ii) a The current-to-signal ratio at the maximum point of the variation of the normalized light modulation amplitude curve for the h-th micro-ring modulator is I h /I 0 ，R 0 To a fixed value set as required, I 0 Is a photodetector PD 0 Measured current value, V 0 ＝I 0 ·R 0 At V 0 ＝V h Under the conditions according to I h /I 0 ＝R 0 /R h Calculating the resistance value of each adjustable resistor;
b4, starting the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, simultaneously starting the temperature control regulating system and the photoelectric detector, and sequentially judging whether the resonant wavelength is changed or not from the first micro-ring modulator to each micro-ring modulator;
judging whether the resonance wavelength of the h-th micro-ring modulator is changed according to V' h ＝K h ·I′ h ·R h ，V′ 0 ＝K 0 ·I′ 0 ·R 0 Calculating V' h And V' 0 (ii) a Wherein，V′ h Is the actual output voltage, I' h Measuring the actual output current, V ', for a photodetector' 0 Is the actual input voltage, I' 0 Measuring an actual input current for the photodetector; k 0 Optical power compensation factor, K, for laser output of a wavelength division multiplexed optical transmitter 0 ＝1；
If V' 0 ＝V′ h Continuing to judge the resonance wavelength of the h +1 th micro-ring modulator;
if V' 0 ≠V′ h The comparator outputs the signal to the digital-to-analog converter, the digital-to-analog converter processes the signal and then adjusts the current loaded on the heater to heat the micro-ring modulator, and then the resonant wavelength of the micro-ring modulator is adjusted to V' 0 ＝V′ h (ii) a Continuing to judge the resonance wavelength of the h +1 th micro-ring modulator until the judgment of the n micro-ring modulators is finished;
and B5, adding modulation signals to the n micro-ring modulators, repeating the step B4, and circularly judging whether the resonant wavelengths of the n micro-ring modulators are changed or not until the work of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter is finished.
The invention also provides a temperature control regulating system of the micro-ring modulator wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, which is characterized in that:
comprising a photodetector PD 0 Adjustable resistance R 0 And n micro-ring modulation units which are cascaded in sequence, wherein n is the number of wavelengths transmitted by the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter;
the micro-ring modulation unit comprises a micro-ring modulator, a heater, a photoelectric detector and a temperature control regulating circuit, wherein the heater, the photoelectric detector and the temperature control regulating circuit are integrated on the micro-ring modulator;
the micro-ring modulator comprises an input straight waveguide, an annular waveguide coupled with the input straight waveguide and an output straight waveguide coupled with the output of the annular waveguide which are sequentially connected; the annular waveguide comprises a through end and a downloading end, the through end of the annular waveguide is coupled with the input straight waveguide and the output straight waveguide, and the photoelectric detector is connected with the downloading end of the annular waveguide; the output straight waveguides and the input straight waveguides in the n micro-ring modulators are connected in sequence; the input straight waveguide in the 1 st micro-ring modulator is used for being connected with the laser output of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter;
the annular waveguide is provided with a heater, and the heater is connected with a temperature control adjusting circuit;
the temperature control adjusting circuit comprises an adjustable resistor, a comparator and a digital-to-analog converter which are sequentially connected along the signal transmission direction, and the digital-to-analog converter is connected with the corresponding heater; the input end of the adjustable resistor is connected with the output end of the corresponding photoelectric detector, and the output end of the adjustable resistor is connected with one input end of the corresponding comparator;
the photoelectric detector PD 0 For connection with the optical signal output of the wavelength division multiplex optical transmitter, a photodetector PD 0 Output terminal and adjustable resistor R 0 Is connected to an adjustable resistor R 0 The output end of the voltage regulator is connected with the other input end of the comparator in each temperature control regulating circuit;
the comparator is used for comparing and analyzing the input voltage signals of the two input ends, and the output of the comparator is connected with the input of the digital-to-analog converter; the digital-to-analog converter is used for processing the output signal of the comparator and then adjusting the current on the heater.
Further, the relationship between the radius of the ring waveguide of the micro-ring modulator and the corresponding wavelength is as follows: m lambda m ＝2πrn eff Where m is the resonance order, λ m Is the resonance wavelength of the mth order, r is the radius of the micro-ring modulator, n eff Is the effective refractive index of the annular waveguide;
the waveguide material of the micro-ring modulator is silicon, and the thickness of the waveguide is 200-500nm; can realize wavelength division multiplexing of 1260nm-1360nm or 1530nm-1625nm wave band;
the heater is a titanium nitride heater or a lightly doped silicon resistance heater;
the photoelectric detector is a germanium-silicon photodiode.
The invention also provides a debugging method of the temperature control regulating system of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter of the micro-ring modulator, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
c1, inputting laser output containing n wavelengths from the input end of the first micro-ring modulator, wherein the total power of input light intensity is P t (ii) a Simultaneously starting a temperature control adjusting circuit and a photoelectric detector, adjusting the heaters on the micro-ring modulators and enabling the total optical power output by the n micro-ring modulators to be minimum;
c2, under the state of the step C1, according to the current value of the h micro-ring modulator measured by the photoelectric detector connected with the downloading end of the annular waveguide in the h micro-ring modulator, calculating the optical power value P corresponding to the wavelength in the h micro-ring modulator h Then the optical power compensation coefficient in the h-th micro-ring modulator is K h ＝(P t /n)/P h Wherein h is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n;
c3, continuously adjusting the heaters on the micro-ring modulators, performing standardized light modulation amplitude analysis on the micro-ring modulators, and recording the current signal ratio I at the maximum value point of the variation of the standardized light modulation amplitude curve corresponding to each micro-ring modulator out /I in And adjusting the adjustable resistance to realize V out ＝V in (ii) a The current-to-signal ratio at the maximum point of the variation of the normalized light modulation amplitude curve for the h-th micro-ring modulator is I h /I 0 ，R 0 To a fixed value set as required, I 0 Is a photodetector PD 0 Measured current value, V 0 ＝I 0 ·R 0 At V 0 ＝V h Under the conditions according to I h /I 0 ＝R 0 /R h Calculating the resistance value of each adjustable resistor;
c4, starting the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, simultaneously starting the temperature control regulating system and the photoelectric detector, and sequentially judging whether the resonant wavelength is changed or not from the first micro-ring modulator to each micro-ring modulator;
judging whether the resonance wavelength of the h-th micro-ring modulator is changed according to V' h ＝K h ·I′ h ·R h ，V′ 0 ＝K 0 ·I′ 0 ·R 0 Calculating V' h And V' 0 (ii) a Wherein, V' h Is the actual output voltage, I' h Measuring the actual output current, V ', for a photodetector' 0 Is the actual input voltage, I' 0 Measuring an actual input current for the photodetector; k is 0 Optical power compensation factor, K, for laser output of a wavelength division multiplexed optical transmitter 0 ＝1；
If V' 0 ＝V′ h Continuing to judge the resonant wavelength of the h +1 th micro-ring modulator;
if V' 0 ≠V′ h The comparator outputs the signal to the digital-to-analog converter, the digital-to-analog converter processes the signal and then adjusts the current loaded on the heater to heat the micro-ring modulator, and then the resonant wavelength of the micro-ring modulator is adjusted to V' 0 ＝V′ h (ii) a Continuing to judge the resonance wavelength of the h +1 th micro-ring modulator until the judgment of the n micro-ring modulators is finished;
and C5, adding modulation signals to the n micro-ring modulators, repeating the step C4, and circularly judging whether the resonant wavelengths of the n micro-ring modulators are changed or not until the work of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter is finished.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the temperature control regulating system of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter integrates a heater on the micro-ring modulator, connects the heater with the temperature control regulating circuit, and regulates and controls the temperature of the micro-ring modulator by comparing voltage signals, so that a resonance peak in the annular waveguide is kept at a required position, and the quality of a modulation signal is improved.
2. The debugging method of the temperature control regulating system of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter provided by the invention has the advantages that the detector is used for monitoring the optical input signal and the optical output signal of a single micro-ring modulator in a step-by-step comparison mode, so that the reduction of the extinction ratio of the modulation signal caused by the fact that the micro-ring modulator cannot work at the required resonance wavelength is reduced, the number of the detectors used in the regulating system is small, and the loss is small.
3. The stepwise comparison temperature control adjustment mode can reduce the influence caused by the modulation error of the front micro-ring modulator, and is more suitable for the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter with more micro-ring modulators.
4. The debugging method of the temperature control regulating system of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter provided by the invention monitors the output signals of all the annular waveguides by using the detector in a directional comparison mode, and compares the output signals with the input signals of the micro-ring modulators at the starting end so as to avoid the influence on the regulation of the subsequent micro-ring modulators caused by the error of the temperature control regulating circuit of one of the micro-ring modulators.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single-bus step-by-step comparison structure of a temperature control adjustment system of a wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter of a micro-ring modulator according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a single bus step-by-step comparison debugging method of the temperature control adjustment system of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter of the micro-ring modulator in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single-bus directional comparison structure of an embodiment 2 of a temperature control adjustment system of a wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter of a micro-ring modulator according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a single-bus directional comparison debugging method of the temperature control adjustment system of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter of the micro-ring modulator according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a dual-bus orientation comparison structure of the temperature control adjustment system of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter of the micro-ring modulator in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a dual-bus directional comparison debugging method of the temperature control adjustment system of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter of the micro-ring modulator according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a standardized light modulation amplitude analysis principle of a single-bus micro-ring modulator in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of analyzing a normalized light modulation amplitude of a dual-bus micro-ring modulator in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
The reference numbers are as follows:
1-input straight waveguide, 2-annular waveguide, 21-pass end, 22-download end, 3-heater, 4-photodetector, 5-adjustable resistor, 6-comparator, 7-digital-to-analog converter and 8-output straight waveguide.
Detailed Description
The Through end 21 of the annular waveguide 2 of the micro-ring modulator is a Through end, and the download end 22 is a Drop end.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, this embodiment provides a temperature control adjustment system of a wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter of a micro-ring modulator, which is a step-by-step comparison temperature control adjustment circuit of a single-bus micro-ring modulator, and specifically includes a photodetector PD 0 Adjustable resistance R 0 And 16 micro-ring modulation units which are cascaded in sequence, namely, the number of wavelengths transmitted by the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter is 16.
The micro-ring modulation unit comprises a micro-ring modulator, a heater 3, a photoelectric detector 4 and a temperature control adjusting circuit, wherein the heater 3, the photoelectric detector 4 and the temperature control adjusting circuit are integrated on the micro-ring modulator; the micro-ring modulator comprises an input straight waveguide 1, an annular waveguide 2 coupled with the input straight waveguide 1 and an output straight waveguide 8 coupled with the output of the annular waveguide 2 which are sequentially connected; the output straight waveguides 8 and the input straight waveguides 1 in the 16 micro-ring modulators are connected in sequence; the input straight waveguide 1 in the 1 st micro-ring modulator is used for connection with the laser output of a wavelength division multiplexed optical transmitter.
The input end of the photoelectric detector 4 is connected with the corresponding output straight waveguide 8 and is used for receiving the optical signal of the output straight waveguide 8 and converting the optical signal into an electric signal; the annular waveguide 2 is provided with a heater 3, the heater 3 is connected with a corresponding temperature control adjusting circuit, specifically, the heater 3 is a titanium nitride heater or a lightly doped silicon resistance heater, and the heater 3 can enable the micro-ring modulator to work at a designed wavelength through thermo-optic effect tuning.
The relationship between the radius of the ring waveguide 2 of the micro-ring modulator and the corresponding wavelength is as follows: m lambda m ＝2πrn eff Where m is the resonance order, λ m Is the resonance wavelength of the mth order, r is the radius of the micro-ring modulator, n eff Is the effective refractive index of the annular waveguide 2; the waveguide material of the micro-ring modulator is silicon, the thickness of the waveguide is 200-500nm, and the common thickness is 220nm; can realize wavelength division multiplexing of 1260nm-1360nm or 1530nm-1625nm wave bands.
The working principle of the micro-ring modulator is as follows:
the micro-ring modulator also comprises P-type and N-type doping injected into the straight waveguide and the annular waveguide 2 silicon structure and an electrode connected with the waveguides, and is used for realizing the modulation of the wavelength in the micro-ring modulator; according to resonance condition m lambda of micro-ring modulator m ＝2πrn eff The input wavelength from the left side of FIG. 1 is λ 1 、λ 2 ...λ n Of the optical signal of (a). When light of a certain wavelength meets the resonance condition of the ring waveguide 2 of a micro-ring modulator, the optical signal of the wavelength is coupled into the ring waveguide 2, the light of the wavelength is reduced in the straight waveguide, and if the light of each wavelength corresponds to the resonance condition of one ring waveguide 2, the power of the final output light of the straight waveguide can reach 0 under ideal conditions. If a modulation signal is applied to the annular waveguide 2, the effective refractive index n of the annular waveguide 2 is changed eff Then the resonance condition of the annular waveguide 2 will also change as the resonance wavelength is adjusted from λ to λ 0 、λ 1 、λ 2 ...λ n At a certain wavelength, the optical signal can be changed from a non-resonant state to a resonant state, or vice versa.
The temperature control adjusting circuit comprises an adjustable resistor 5, a comparator 6 and a digital-to-analog converter 7 which are sequentially connected along the signal transmission direction, and specifically, the photoelectric detector 4 is a germanium-silicon photodiode; the digital-to-analog converter 7 is connected with the corresponding heater 3, and the digital-to-analog converter 7 realizes the adjustment and control of the current applied to the heater 3, thereby compensating the influence of the environmental temperature and the processing error on the resonant wavelength.
The input end of the adjustable resistor 5 is connected with the output end of the corresponding photoelectric detector 4, the first output end of the adjustable resistor 5 is connected with one input end of the corresponding comparator 6, and the second output end of the adjustable resistor 5 is also connected with the other input end of the comparator 6 in the next-stage temperature control adjusting circuit;
photoelectric detector PD 0 For connection with the optical signal output of the wavelength division multiplex optical transmitter, a photodetector PD 0 Output terminal and adjustable resistor R 0 Is connected to an adjustable resistor R 0 Output terminal and 1 st temperature controlThe other input of the comparator 6 in the regulating circuit is connected.
The comparator 6 is used for comparing and analyzing the input voltage signal and the output voltage signal of each micro-ring modulator, the output of the comparator 6 is connected with the input of the digital-to-analog converter 7, and the digital-to-analog converter 7 is used for adjusting the current on the heater 3 after processing the signals.
When the temperature of the micro-ring modulator changes in the working process, the resonance peak of the micro-ring resonant cavity shifts due to the change of the refractive index of the waveguide caused by the thermo-optic effect, and the quality of the modulation signal slides down. At this time V of the micro-ring modulator out And V in When the signals are not equal, the output signal of the comparator 6 changes the temperature of the micro-ring modulator through the heater 3 when V is out And V in When the resonance peaks are equal, the heater 3 is stopped to control the temperature in a temperature range in which the resonance peaks can be located at ideal positions.
Referring to fig. 2, the specific debugging process of the step-by-step comparison temperature control adjusting circuit of the single-bus micro-ring modulator of the temperature control adjusting system of the micro-ring modulator wdm optical transmitter is as follows:
a1, inputting laser output containing 16 wavelengths from the input end of a first micro-ring modulator, wherein the input optical power is total power P t (ii) a And simultaneously starting a temperature control regulating circuit and a photoelectric detector 4, and regulating the heaters 3 on the micro-ring modulators to ensure that the total optical power output by the 16 micro-ring modulators is minimum.
A2, under the state of the step A1, according to the photoelectric detector PD at the input end of the h-th micro-ring modulator h-1 And an output terminal photodetector PD h The difference value of the current values is used for calculating the optical power value P of the corresponding wavelength in the h-th micro-ring modulator h (ii) a The optical power compensation coefficient in the h-th micro-ring modulator is K h ＝(P t /16)/P h Wherein h is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 16.
And A3, continuously adjusting the heaters 3 on the micro-ring modulators, performing standardized Optical Modulation Amplitude (OMA) analysis on the micro-ring modulators, and changing the effective refractive index N of the annular waveguide 2 by adjusting the temperature of the annular waveguide 2 of the micro-ring modulators eff Passing light through the annular waveguide 2A certain wavelength satisfies the resonance condition of the annular waveguide 2, and the temperature of each annular waveguide 2 is adjusted in sequence, so that each wavelength can satisfy the resonance condition of the corresponding annular waveguide 2;
referring to fig. 7, it can be understood that the bias voltage needs to be set according to the design and the working voltage of the micro-ring modulator, the loading voltage when the output signal is "1" level is adopted, and the voltage adopted in this embodiment is 3V. The OMA at different wavelengths is shown, and in order to maximize the OMA of the cavity, the λ corresponding to the maximum OMA is recorded max The average transmission response loss of (a) is taken as a reference for temperature control feedback regulation, and the specific method for obtaining the maximum OMA is as follows: according to the temperature of each micro-ring modulator determined in the step A1, the output current signals I when the micro-ring modulators are loaded with 0V voltage and 3V voltage are respectively recorded through the temperature of the up-regulation heater 3 and the temperature of the down-regulation heater 3 out When the difference is maximum, the corresponding value is the maximum OMA value. Setting lambda max The corresponding average transmission loss is adB, and the transmission loss can be converted into transmission loss alpha = P out /P in ＝10 0.1a In fact, there exists light of each wavelength in the waveguide, and in this embodiment, there are 16 wavelengths of light, corresponding to 16 micro-ring modulators, each of which has a photodetector 4, and light with a light intensity ratio k in the waveguide is coupled into the photodetector 4 through a coupler, and light intensity measured by the photodetector 4 of the h-th micro-ring modulator should be light intensity measured by the coupler
Figure BDA0003543524870000151
Figure BDA0003543524870000152
The photodetector 4 photocurrent I = RP, R is responsivity, and P is light intensity. Thus having P h /P h-1 ＝I h /I h-1 ＝R h-1 /R h Therefore, R is in an ideal condition h ＝R h-1 *P h-1 /P h Wherein R is h Is the resistance value of the h-th adjustable resistor 5.
Recording the current signal ratio I measured by the photoelectric detector 4 at the maximum value point of the change of the standardized light modulation amplitude curve corresponding to each micro-ring modulator out /I in And adjusting the adjustable resistor 5 to realize V out ＝V in (ii) a The current-to-signal ratio at the maximum point of the variation of the normalized light modulation amplitude curve for the h-th micro-ring modulator is I h /I h-1 ，R 0 To a fixed value set as required, I 0 For photo-detector PD 0 Measured current value, V 0 ＝I 0 ·R 0 At V h-1 ＝V h Under the conditions according to I h /I h-1 ＝R h-1 /R h The resistance value of the adjustable resistor 5 is calculated in turn.
A4, starting a wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, simultaneously starting a temperature control regulating system and a photoelectric detector 4, and sequentially judging whether the resonant wavelength is changed or not from a first micro-ring modulator to each micro-ring modulator;
judging whether the resonance wavelength of the h-th micro-ring modulator is changed according to V' h ＝K h ·I′ h ·R h ，V′ h-1 ＝K h-1 ·I′ h-1 ·R h-1 Calculating V' h And V' h-1 (ii) a Wherein, V' h Is the actual output voltage, I' h Measuring the actual output current, V ', for the photodetector 4' h-1 Is the actual input voltage, I' h-1 Measuring the actual input current for the photodetector 4; k is 0 Optical power compensation factor, K, for laser output of a wavelength division multiplexed optical transmitter 0 =1; if V' h-1 ＝V′ h Continuing to judge the resonance wavelength of the h +1 th micro-ring modulator; if V' h-1 ≠V′ h The comparator 6 outputs a signal to the digital-to-analog converter 7, the digital-to-analog converter 7 processes the signal and then adjusts the current loaded on the heater 3 to heat the ring waveguide 2 of the micro-ring modulator, and then the resonant wavelength of the micro-ring modulator is adjusted to V' h-1 ＝V′ h (ii) a Then go on to h +1And judging the resonance wavelength of each micro-ring modulator until the judgment of 16 micro-ring modulators is finished.
And A5, adding modulation signals to the 16 micro-ring modulators, repeating the step A4, and circularly judging whether the resonance wavelength of the 16 micro-ring modulators is changed or not until the work of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter is finished.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 3, the present embodiment provides a temperature control adjustment system for a wdm optical transmitter, which is a directional comparison temperature control adjustment circuit for a single-bus micro-ring modulator, including a photo detector PD 0 Adjustable resistance R 0 And 8 micro-ring modulation units which are sequentially cascaded, namely the number of the wavelengths transmitted by the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter is 8.
The micro-ring modulation unit comprises a micro-ring modulator, a heater 3, a photoelectric detector 4 and a temperature control adjusting circuit, wherein the heater 3, the photoelectric detector 4 and the temperature control adjusting circuit are integrated on the micro-ring modulator; the micro-ring modulator comprises an input straight waveguide 1, an annular waveguide 2 coupled with the input straight waveguide 1 and an output straight waveguide 8 coupled with the output of the annular waveguide 2 which are sequentially connected; the micro-ring modulator also comprises P-type and N-type doping injected in the straight waveguide and annular waveguide 2 silicon structures and electrodes connected with the waveguides, and is used for realizing the modulation of the wavelength in the micro-ring modulator; an output straight waveguide 8 and an input straight waveguide 1 in the 8 micro-ring modulators are sequentially connected, and an input straight waveguide 1 in the 1 st micro-ring modulator is used for being connected with the output of a laser of a wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter; the photoelectric detector 4 is connected with the corresponding output straight waveguide 8 and is used for receiving and converting the optical signal of the output straight waveguide 8; the annular waveguide 2 is provided with a heater 3, the heater 3 is connected with a temperature control adjusting circuit, and the heater 3 is a titanium nitride heater or a lightly doped silicon resistance heater.
The relationship between the radius of the ring waveguide 2 of the micro-ring modulator and the corresponding wavelength is as follows: m lambda m ＝2πrn eff Where m is the resonance order, λ m Is the resonance wavelength of the mth order, r is the radius of the micro-ring modulator, n eff Is the effective refractive index of the annular waveguide 2; the waveguide material of the micro-ring modulator is silicon, the thickness of the waveguide is 200-500nm, and the preferred thickness of the waveguide is 220nm; can realize 1260nm-136 pairsWavelength division multiplexing in the wavelength range of 0nm or 1530nm to 1625 nm.
The temperature control adjusting circuit comprises an adjustable resistor 5, a comparator 6 and a digital-to-analog converter 7 which are sequentially connected along the signal transmission direction, and specifically, the photoelectric detector 4 is a germanium-silicon photodiode; the digital-to-analog converter 7 is connected to the heater 3.
The input end of the adjustable resistor 5 is connected with the output end of the corresponding photoelectric detector 4, and the output end of the adjustable resistor 5 is connected with one input end of the corresponding comparator 6; photoelectric detector PD 0 For connection with the optical signal output of the wavelength division multiplex optical transmitter, photodetector PD 0 Output terminal and adjustable resistor R 0 Is connected to an adjustable resistor R 0 Is connected with the other input terminal of the comparator 6 in each temperature control regulating circuit.
The comparator 6 is used for comparing and analyzing the input voltage signals of the two input ends, and the output of the comparator 6 is connected with the input of the digital-to-analog converter 7; the digital-to-analog converter 7 is used to process the signal and then adjust the current on the heater 3.
Referring to fig. 4, the specific debugging process of the directional comparison temperature control adjusting circuit of the single-bus micro-ring modulator of the temperature control adjusting system of the micro-ring modulator wdm optical transmitter is as follows:
b1, inputting laser output containing 8 wavelengths from the input end of the first micro-ring modulator, wherein the total power of an input optical signal is P t (ii) a Simultaneously starting a temperature control adjusting circuit and a photoelectric detector 4, adjusting the heaters 3 on each micro-ring modulator, and enabling the total optical power output by 8 micro-ring modulators to be minimum;
b2, in the state of the step B1, according to the photoelectric detector PD at the input end of the h-th micro-ring modulator h-1 And an output terminal photodetector PD h The difference value of the current values is used for calculating the optical power value P of the corresponding wavelength in the h-th micro-ring modulator h Then the optical power compensation coefficient in the h-th micro-ring modulator is K h ＝(P t /8)/P h Wherein h is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8;
b3, continuously adjusting the heaters 3 on the micro-ring modulators to modulate the micro-ringsThe device performs standardized light modulation amplitude analysis, and changes the effective refractive index N of the annular waveguide 2 by adjusting the temperature of the annular waveguide 2 of the micro-ring modulator eff A certain wavelength of light passing through the ring waveguide 2 is made to satisfy a resonance condition of the ring waveguide 2.
Referring to fig. 7, it can be understood that the bias voltage needs to be set according to the design and the working voltage of the micro-ring modulator, the loading voltage when the output signal is "1" level is adopted, and the voltage adopted in this embodiment is 3V. At this time, the power measured by the h-th micro-ring modulator photodetector 4 is the same as the structure power compared step by step,
Figure BDA0003543524870000181
Figure BDA0003543524870000182
because is with P 0 A directional comparison is made, so R h ＝R 0 *P 0 /P h . When the ideal conditions are satisfied, the effect of the step-by-step comparison and the directional comparison is the same, taking the case shown in fig. 7 as an example, when a = -4.9 dB, α =0.32 can be obtained, assuming that a total of 8 micro-ring modulators and 8 bands of light propagate in the bus, the optical power of each band is the same, R is the same 0 R can be calculated to be 10 omega and k is 5% 8 ＝22.17Ω。
Recording the current-signal ratio I at the maximum point of the change of the standardized light modulation amplitude curve corresponding to each micro-ring modulator out /I in And adjusting the adjustable resistor 5 to realize V out ＝V in (ii) a The current-to-signal ratio at the maximum point of the variation of the normalized light modulation amplitude curve for the h-th micro-ring modulator is I h /I 0 ，R 0 To a fixed value set as required, I 0 For photo-detector PD 0 Measured current value, V 0 ＝I 0 ·R 0 At V 0 ＝V h Under the conditions according to I h /I 0 ＝R 0 /R h Calculating the resistance value of each adjustable resistor 5;
b4, starting the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, simultaneously starting the temperature control regulating system and the photoelectric detector 4, and sequentially judging whether the resonant wavelength is changed or not from the first micro-ring modulator to each micro-ring modulator;
judging whether the resonance wavelength of the h-th micro-ring modulator is changed according to V' h ＝K h ·I′ h ·R h ，V′ 0 ＝K 0 ·I′ 0 ·R 0 Calculating V' h And V' 0 (ii) a Wherein, V' h Is the actual output voltage, I' h Measuring the actual output current, V ', for photodetector 4' 0 Is the actual input voltage, I' 0 Is a photodetector PD 0 Measuring an actual input current; k 0 Optical power compensation factor, K, for laser output of a wavelength division multiplexed optical transmitter 0 ＝1；
If V' 0 ＝V′ h Continuing to judge the resonant wavelength of the h +1 th micro-ring modulator;
if V' 0 ≠V′ h If the voltage drop is greater than or equal to V ', the comparator 6 outputs a signal to the digital-to-analog converter 7, the digital-to-analog converter 7 processes the signal and then adjusts the current loaded on the heater 3 to heat the micro-ring modulator, and then the resonant wavelength of the micro-ring modulator is adjusted to V' 0 ＝V′ h (ii) a Continuing to judge the resonance wavelength of the h +1 th micro-ring modulator until the judgment of the 8 micro-ring modulators is finished;
and B5, adding modulation signals to the 8 micro-ring modulators, repeating the step B4, and circularly judging whether the resonant wavelengths of the 8 micro-ring modulators are changed or not until the work of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter is finished.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 5, the present embodiment is a temperature control adjusting system for a wdm optical transmitter, which is formed by a directional comparison temperature control adjusting circuit of a dual-bus micro-ring modulator, and includes a photodetector PD 0 Adjustable resistance R 0 And 8 micro-ring modulation units cascaded in sequence, 8 being wavelength division multiplexing light emissionThe number of wavelengths transmitted by the machine;
the micro-ring modulation unit comprises a micro-ring modulator, a heater 3, a photoelectric detector 4 and a temperature control adjusting circuit, wherein the heater 3, the photoelectric detector 4 and the temperature control adjusting circuit are integrally arranged on the micro-ring modulator; the micro-ring modulator comprises an input straight waveguide 1, an annular waveguide 2 coupled with the input straight waveguide 1 and an output straight waveguide 8 coupled with the output of the annular waveguide 2 which are sequentially connected; the micro-ring modulator also comprises P-type and N-type doping injected into the straight waveguide and the annular waveguide 2 silicon structure and an electrode connected with the waveguides, and is used for realizing the modulation of the wavelength in the micro-ring modulator; the annular waveguide 2 comprises a through end 21 and a downloading end 22, the through end 21 of the annular waveguide 2 is coupled with the input straight waveguide 1 and the output straight waveguide 8, and the photoelectric detector 4 is connected with the downloading end 22 of the annular waveguide 2; the output straight waveguides 8 and the input straight waveguides 1 in the 8 micro-ring modulators are connected in sequence; the input straight waveguide 1 in the 1 st micro-ring modulator is used for connection with the laser output of a wavelength division multiplexed optical transmitter.
The annular waveguide 2 is provided with a heater 3, the heater 3 is connected with a temperature control adjusting circuit, and specifically, the heater 3 is a titanium nitride heater or a lightly doped silicon resistance heater.
The relationship between the radius of the ring waveguide 2 of the micro-ring modulator and the corresponding wavelength is as follows: m lambda m ＝2πrn eff Where m is the resonance order, λ m Is the resonance wavelength of the mth order, r is the radius of the micro-ring modulator, n eff Is the effective refractive index of the annular waveguide 2; the waveguide material of the micro-ring modulator is silicon, the thickness of the waveguide is 200-500nm, and the preferred waveguide thickness is 220nm; can realize wavelength division multiplexing of 1260nm-1360nm or 1530nm-1625nm wave bands.
The temperature control adjusting circuit comprises an adjustable resistor 5, a comparator 6 and a digital-to-analog converter 7 which are sequentially connected along the signal transmission direction in the annular waveguide 2, and specifically, the photoelectric detector 4 is a germanium-silicon photoelectric diode; the digital-to-analog converters 7 are connected to the respective heaters 3.
The input end of the adjustable resistor 5 is connected with the output end of the corresponding photoelectric detector 4, and the output end of the adjustable resistor 5 is connected with one input end of the corresponding comparator 6;
photoelectric detector PD 0 Is inputtedThe end is used for being connected with the optical signal output of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, and the photoelectric detector PD 0 Output terminal and adjustable resistor R 0 Is connected to an adjustable resistor R 0 The output end of the comparator is connected with the other input end of the comparator 6 in each temperature control adjusting circuit;
the comparator 6 is used for comparing and analyzing the input voltage signals of the two input ends, and the output of the comparator 6 is connected with the input of the digital-to-analog converter 7; the digital-to-analog converter 7 is used for processing the signal and then adjusting the current on the heater 3.
Referring to fig. 6, the specific debugging process of the directional comparison temperature control adjusting circuit of the dual-bus micro-ring modulator of the temperature control adjusting system of the micro-ring modulator wdm optical transmitter includes:
c1, inputting optical signals containing 8 wavelengths from an input end of a first micro-ring modulator, simultaneously starting a temperature control adjusting circuit and a photoelectric detector 4, adjusting heaters 3 on the micro-ring modulators, and enabling total optical power output by the 8 micro-ring modulators to be minimum;
c2, under the state of the step C1, according to the current value of the h micro-ring modulator measured by the photoelectric detector 4 connected with the download end 22 of the annular waveguide 2 in the h micro-ring modulator, calculating the optical power value P of the corresponding wavelength in the h micro-ring modulator h Then the optical power compensation coefficient in the h-th micro-ring modulator is K h ＝(P t /8)/P h Wherein h is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 8;
and C3, continuously adjusting the heaters 3 on the micro-ring modulators, and performing standardized light modulation amplitude analysis on the micro-ring modulators.
Referring to fig. 8, it can be understood that the bias voltage needs to be set according to the design and the working voltage of the micro-ring modulator, and the loading voltage when the output signal is "1" level is adopted, and the voltage adopted in this embodiment is 3V. Lambda [ alpha ] max The average transmission loss of the corresponding drop end is a dB, and alpha = P can be obtained under an ideal state out /P in ＝10 0.1a . The photodetector 4 will couple out k of the optical power in the waveguide, at which time
Figure BDA0003543524870000211
Figure BDA0003543524870000212
Under ideal conditions R h ＝R 0 *P 0 /P h . Taking the case shown in fig. 8 as an example, when a = -6 dB, α =0.25 can be obtained, assuming that a total of 8 micro-ring modulators and 8 wavelength bands of light propagate in the bus, the optical power of each wavelength band is the same, and R is the same 0 Is 10. Omega. In this case R 8 ＝R 0 *P 0 /P 8 =336.84 Ω. Furthermore, after setting the resistance values of the resistors, if the temperature of the ring waveguide 2 of the micro-ring modulator changes, the effective refractive index N of the ring waveguide 2 is caused to change eff When the coupling efficiency of the annular waveguide 2 to the optical signal is reduced, the output optical signal in the straight waveguide is enhanced, the output current of the photoelectric detector 4 is changed accordingly, and finally V is in ≠V out The comparator 6 outputs a signal to the digital to analogue converter 7 which converts the signal to a current output by the digital to analogue converter 7 to cause the heater 3 to start operating, regulating the temperature back to the desired resonance condition position.
Recording the current-signal ratio I at the maximum point of the change of the standardized light modulation amplitude curve corresponding to each micro-ring modulator out /I in And adjusting the adjustable resistor 5 to realize V out ＝V in (ii) a The current-to-signal ratio at the maximum point of the variation of the normalized light modulation amplitude curve for the h-th micro-ring modulator is I h /I 0 ，R 0 To a fixed value set as required, I 0 For photo-detector PD 0 Measured current value, V 0 ＝I 0 ·R 0 At V 0 ＝V h Under the conditions according to I h /I 0 ＝R 0 /R h The resistance value of each adjustable resistor 5 is calculated.
C4, starting the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, simultaneously starting the temperature control regulating system and the photoelectric detector 4, and sequentially judging whether the resonant wavelength changes for each micro-ring modulator from the first micro-ring modulator;
judging whether the resonant wavelength of the 1 st micro-ring modulator is changed according to V' 1 ＝K 1 ·I′ 1 ·R 1 ，V′ 0 ＝K 0 ·I′ 0 ·R 0 Calculating V' 1 And V' 0 (ii) a Wherein, V' h Is the actual output voltage, I' 1 Measuring the actual output current, V ', for photodetector 4' 0 Is the actual input voltage, I' 0 Is a photodetector PD 0 Measuring an actual input current; k 0 Optical power compensation factor, K, for laser output of a wavelength division multiplexed optical transmitter 0 =1; if V' 0 ＝V′ 1 Continuing to judge the resonance wavelength of the 2 nd micro-ring modulator; if V' 0 ≠V′ 1 The comparator 6 outputs a signal to the digital-to-analog converter 7, the digital-to-analog converter 7 processes the signal and then adjusts the current loaded on the heater 3 to heat the micro-ring modulator, and further adjusts the resonant wavelength of the micro-ring modulator to V' 0 ＝V′ 1 (ii) a Continuing to judge the resonance wavelength of the 2 nd micro-ring modulator until the judgment of the 8 micro-ring modulators is finished; by tuning each loop in turn from loop 1 to loop 8, the overall system is protected from the effects of temperature variations on the resonance peak that occur during operation.
And C5, adding modulation signals to the 8 micro-ring modulators, repeating the step C4, and circularly judging whether the resonant wavelength is changed or not for the 8 micro-ring modulators until the work of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter is finished.
Under the structure with a large number of micro-ring modulators, the structure with step-by-step comparison is more superior because the influence caused by the modulation error of the previous micro-ring modulator can be reduced. Assuming that the optical power of each band is 1, and the filtering performance of the h-th micro-ring modulator is problematic, R is compared step by step h+1 ＝R h *P h /P h+1 ＝R h *[n-α(n-h+1)]/(1-k)[n-α(n-h)]Compared with the original R h+1 ＝R h *[n-α(n-h)]/(1-k)[n-α(n-h-1)]Error is [ n-alpha (n-h + 1) ]][n-α(n-h-1)]/[n-α(n-h)] 2 This error ratio is compared directionally [ n- α (n-h-1) ]]/[n-α(n-h)]The error caused by the previous micro-ring modulator is smaller in step-by-step comparison, and the method is more suitable for the situation that the micro-ring modulator has more structures.

Claims (9)

1. A temperature control regulating system of a micro-ring modulator wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter is characterized in that:
comprising a photodetector PD 0 And an adjustable resistor R 0 And n micro-ring modulation units which are cascaded in sequence, wherein n is the number of wavelengths transmitted by the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter;
the micro-ring modulation unit comprises a micro-ring modulator, a heater (3) integrated on the micro-ring modulator, a photoelectric detector (4) and a temperature control adjusting circuit;
the micro-ring modulator comprises an input straight waveguide (1), an annular waveguide (2) coupled with the input straight waveguide (1) and an output straight waveguide (8) coupled with the output of the annular waveguide (2), which are sequentially connected; the output straight waveguides (8) and the input straight waveguides (1) in the n micro-ring modulators are connected in sequence; the input straight waveguide (1) in the 1 st micro-ring modulator is used for being connected with the laser output of a wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter;
the input end of the photoelectric detector (4) is connected with the corresponding output straight waveguide (8) and is used for receiving the optical signal of the output straight waveguide (8) and converting the optical signal into an electric signal; the annular waveguide (2) is provided with a heater (3), and the heater (3) is connected with a corresponding temperature control adjusting circuit;
the temperature control adjusting circuit comprises an adjustable resistor (5), a comparator (6) and a digital-to-analog converter (7) which are sequentially connected along the signal transmission direction; the digital-to-analog converters (7) are connected with the corresponding heaters (3); the input end of the adjustable resistor (5) is connected with the output end of the corresponding photoelectric detector (4), the first output end of the adjustable resistor (5) is connected with one input end of the corresponding comparator (6), and the second output end of the adjustable resistor (5) is also connected with the other input end of the comparator (6) in the next-stage temperature control adjusting circuit;
the photoelectric detector PD 0 For coupling with wavelength division multiplexed lightOptical signal output connection of transmitter, photoelectric detector PD 0 Output terminal and adjustable resistor R 0 Is connected with an adjustable resistor R 0 The output end of the comparator (6) is connected with the other input end of the comparator (6) in the 1 st temperature control regulating circuit;
the comparator (6) is used for carrying out comparative analysis on input voltage signals of the two input ends, and the output of the comparator (6) is connected with the input of the corresponding digital-to-analog converter (7); the digital-to-analog converter (7) is used for processing the output signal of the comparator (6) and then adjusting the current on the heater (3).
2. The temperature control system of the micro-ring modulator WDM optical transmitter of claim 1, wherein:
the relationship between the radius of the annular waveguide (2) of the micro-ring modulator and the corresponding wavelength is as follows: m lambda m ＝2πrn eff Where m is the resonance order, λ m Is the resonance wavelength of the mth order, r is the radius of the micro-ring modulator, n eff Is the effective refractive index of the annular waveguide (2);
the waveguide material of the micro-ring modulator is silicon, and the thickness of the waveguide is 200nm-500nm; can realize wavelength division multiplexing of 1260nm-1360nm or 1530nm-1625nm wave bands;
the heater (3) is a titanium nitride heater or a lightly doped silicon resistance heater;
the photoelectric detector (4) is a germanium-silicon photodiode.
3. A method for debugging a temperature control regulation system of a micro-ring modulator wdm optical transmitter according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
a1, inputting laser output containing n wavelengths from the input end of the first micro-ring modulator, wherein the total power of the input light intensity is P t (ii) a Simultaneously starting a temperature control adjusting circuit and a photoelectric detector (4), adjusting the heaters (3) on the micro-ring modulators to minimize the total optical power output by the n micro-ring modulators;
a2, in the state of the step A1, according to the h-th micro-ring modulatorInput-side photodetector PD h-1 And an output terminal photodetector PD h The difference value of the current values is used for calculating the optical power value P of the corresponding wavelength in the h-th micro-ring modulator h (ii) a The optical power compensation coefficient in the h-th micro-ring modulator is K h ＝(P t /n)/P h Wherein h is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n;
a3, continuously adjusting the heaters (3) on the micro-ring modulators, performing standardized light modulation amplitude analysis on the micro-ring modulators, and recording the current signal ratio I at the maximum point of the variation of the standardized light modulation amplitude curve corresponding to each micro-ring modulator out /I in And adjusting the adjustable resistor (5) to realize V out ＝V in (ii) a The current-to-signal ratio at the maximum point of the variation of the normalized light modulation amplitude curve for the h-th micro-ring modulator is I h /I h-1 ，R 0 To a fixed value set as required, I 0 Is a photodetector PD 0 Measured current value, V 0 ＝I 0 ·R 0 At V h-1 ＝V h Under the conditions according to I h /I h-1 ＝R h-1 /R h Sequentially calculating the resistance value of the adjustable resistor (5);
a4, starting a wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, simultaneously starting a temperature control regulating system and a photoelectric detector (4), and sequentially judging whether the resonant wavelength is changed or not for each micro-ring modulator from a first micro-ring modulator;
judging whether the resonance wavelength of the h-th micro-ring modulator is changed according to V' h ＝K h ·I′ h ·R h ，V′ h-1 ＝K h-1 ·I′ h-1 ·R h-1 Calculating V' h And V' h-1 (ii) a Wherein, V' h Is the actual output voltage, I' h Measuring the actual output current, V ', for the photodetector (4)' h-1 Is the actual input voltage, I' h-1 Measuring the actual input current for the photodetector (4); k 0 Optical power compensation factor, K, for laser output of a wavelength division multiplexed optical transmitter 0 ＝1；
If V' h-1 ＝V′ h Then continue to pairJudging the resonance wavelength of the h +1 th micro-ring modulator;
if V' h-1 ≠V′ h The comparator (6) outputs a signal to a digital-to-analog converter (7), the digital-to-analog converter (7) processes the signal and adjusts the current loaded on the heater (3) to heat the micro-ring modulator, and then the resonant wavelength of the micro-ring modulator is adjusted to V' h-1 ＝V′ h (ii) a Continuing to judge the resonance wavelength of the h +1 th micro-ring modulator until the judgment of the n micro-ring modulators is finished;
and A5, adding modulation signals to the n micro-ring modulators, repeating the step A4, and circularly judging whether the resonant wavelengths of the n micro-ring modulators are changed or not until the work of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter is finished.
4. A temperature control regulating system of a micro-ring modulator wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter is characterized in that:
comprising a photodetector PD 0 Adjustable resistance R 0 N micro-ring modulation units which are sequentially cascaded, wherein n is the number of wavelengths transmitted by the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter;
the micro-ring modulation unit comprises a micro-ring modulator, a heater (3) integrated on the micro-ring modulator, a photoelectric detector (4) and a temperature control adjusting circuit;
the micro-ring modulator comprises an input straight waveguide (1), an annular waveguide (2) coupled with the input straight waveguide (1) and an output straight waveguide (8) coupled with the output of the annular waveguide (2) which are sequentially connected; the output straight waveguides (8) and the input straight waveguides (1) in the n micro-ring modulators are connected in sequence; the input straight waveguide (1) in the 1 st micro-ring modulator is used for being connected with the laser output of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter;
the input end of the photoelectric detector (4) is connected with the corresponding output straight waveguide (8) and is used for receiving the optical signal of the output straight waveguide (8) and converting the optical signal into an electric signal; the annular waveguide (2) is provided with a heater (3), and the heater (3) is connected with a corresponding temperature control adjusting circuit;
the temperature control adjusting circuit comprises an adjustable resistor (5), a comparator (6) and a digital-to-analog converter (7) which are sequentially connected along the signal transmission direction; the digital-to-analog converters (7) are connected with the corresponding heaters (3); the input end of the adjustable resistor (5) is connected with the output end of the corresponding photoelectric detector (4), and the output end of the adjustable resistor (5) is connected with one input end of the corresponding comparator (6);
the photoelectric detector PD 0 For connection with the optical signal output of the wavelength division multiplex optical transmitter, photodetector PD 0 Output terminal and adjustable resistor R 0 Is connected with an adjustable resistor R 0 The output end of the voltage regulator is connected with the other input end of the comparator (6) in each temperature control regulating circuit;
the comparator (6) is used for carrying out comparative analysis on input voltage signals of the two input ends, and the output of the comparator (6) is connected with the input of the digital-to-analog converter (7); the digital-to-analog converter (7) is used for processing the output signal of the comparator (6) and then adjusting the current on the heater (3).
5. The temperature control system of the micro-ring modulator WDM optical transmitter according to claim 4, wherein:
the relationship between the radius of the annular waveguide (2) of the micro-ring modulator and the corresponding wavelength is as follows: m lambda m ＝2πrn eff Where m is the resonance order, λ m Is the resonance wavelength of the mth order, r is the radius of the micro-ring modulator, n eff Is the effective refractive index of the annular waveguide (2);
the waveguide material of the micro-ring modulator is silicon, and the thickness of the waveguide is 200nm-500nm; can realize wavelength division multiplexing of 1260nm-1360nm or 1530nm-1625nm wave band;
the heater (3) is a titanium nitride heater or a lightly doped silicon resistance heater;
the photoelectric detector (4) is a germanium-silicon photodiode.
6. A method for debugging the temperature control regulation system of the micro-ring modulator WDM optical transmitter in claim 4 or 5, comprising the steps of:
b1, laser containing n wavelengthsThe output of the micro-ring modulator is input from the input end of the first micro-ring modulator, and the total power of the input light intensity is P t (ii) a Simultaneously starting a temperature control adjusting circuit and a photoelectric detector (4), adjusting the heaters (3) on the micro-ring modulators to minimize the total optical power output by the n micro-ring modulators;
b2, in the state of the step B1, according to the photoelectric detector PD at the input end of the h-th micro-ring modulator h-1 And a photodetector PD at the output terminal h The difference value of the current values is used for calculating the optical power value P of the corresponding wavelength in the h-th micro-ring modulator h Then the optical power compensation coefficient in the h-th micro-ring modulator is K h ＝(P t /n)/P h Wherein h is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n;
b3, continuously adjusting the heaters (3) on the micro-ring modulators, performing standardized light modulation amplitude analysis on the micro-ring modulators, and recording the current signal ratio I at the maximum value point of the variation of the standardized light modulation amplitude curve corresponding to each micro-ring modulator out /I in And adjusting the adjustable resistor (5) to realize V out ＝V in (ii) a The current-to-signal ratio at the maximum point of the variation of the normalized light modulation amplitude curve for the h-th micro-ring modulator is I h /I 0 ，R 0 To a fixed value set as required, I 0 For photo-detector PD 0 Measured current value, V 0 ＝I 0 ·R 0 At V 0 ＝V h Under the conditions according to I h /I 0 ＝R 0 /R h Calculating the resistance value of each adjustable resistor (5);
b4, starting the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, simultaneously starting the temperature control regulating system and the photoelectric detector (4), and sequentially judging whether the resonant wavelength is changed or not from the first micro-ring modulator to each micro-ring modulator;
judging whether the resonance wavelength of the h-th micro-ring modulator is changed according to V' h ＝K h ·I′ h ·R h ，V′ 0 ＝K 0 ·I′ 0 ·R 0 Calculating V' h And V' 0 (ii) a Wherein, V' h Is the actual output voltage, I' h Is measured by a photoelectric detector (4)Measuring actual output current, V' 0 Is the actual input voltage, I' 0 For photo-detector PD 0 Measuring an actual input current; k is 0 Optical power compensation factor, K, for laser output of a wavelength division multiplexed optical transmitter 0 ＝1；
If V' 0 ＝V′ h Continuing to judge the resonance wavelength of the h +1 th micro-ring modulator;
if V' 0 ≠V′ h The comparator (6) outputs a signal to the digital-to-analog converter (7), the digital-to-analog converter (7) processes the signal, then adjusts the current loaded on the heater (3) to heat the micro-ring modulator, and further adjusts the resonant wavelength of the micro-ring modulator to V' 0 ＝V′ h (ii) a Continuing to judge the resonance wavelength of the h +1 th micro-ring modulator until the judgment of the n micro-ring modulators is finished;
and B5, adding modulation signals to the n micro-ring modulators, repeating the step B4, and circularly judging whether the resonant wavelengths of the n micro-ring modulators are changed or not until the work of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter is finished.
7. A temperature control regulating system of a micro-ring modulator wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter is characterized in that:
comprising a photodetector PD 0 Adjustable resistance R 0 N micro-ring modulation units which are sequentially cascaded, wherein n is the number of wavelengths transmitted by the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter;
the micro-ring modulation unit comprises a micro-ring modulator, a heater (3) integrated on the micro-ring modulator, a photoelectric detector (4) and a temperature control adjusting circuit;
the micro-ring modulator comprises an input straight waveguide (1), an annular waveguide (2) coupled with the input straight waveguide (1) and an output straight waveguide (8) coupled with the output of the annular waveguide (2) which are sequentially connected; the annular waveguide (2) comprises a through end (21) and a downloading end (22), the through end (21) of the annular waveguide (2) is coupled with the input straight waveguide (1) and the output straight waveguide (8), and the photoelectric detector (4) is connected with the downloading end (22) of the annular waveguide (2); the output straight waveguides (8) and the input straight waveguides (1) in the n micro-ring modulators are connected in sequence; the input straight waveguide (1) in the 1 st micro-ring modulator is used for being connected with the laser output of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter;
the annular waveguide (2) is provided with a heater (3), and the heater (3) is connected with a temperature control adjusting circuit;
the temperature control adjusting circuit comprises an adjustable resistor (5), a comparator (6) and a digital-to-analog converter (7) which are sequentially connected along the signal transmission direction, and the digital-to-analog converter (7) is connected with the corresponding heater (3); the input end of the adjustable resistor (5) is connected with the output end of the corresponding photoelectric detector (4), and the output end of the adjustable resistor (5) is connected with one input end of the corresponding comparator (6);
the photoelectric detector PD 0 For connection with the optical signal output of the wavelength division multiplex optical transmitter, photodetector PD 0 Output terminal and adjustable resistor R 0 Is connected to an adjustable resistor R 0 The output end of the voltage regulator is connected with the other input end of the comparator (6) in each temperature control regulating circuit;
the comparator (6) is used for carrying out comparative analysis on input voltage signals of the two input ends, and the output of the comparator (6) is connected with the input of the digital-to-analog converter (7); the digital-to-analog converter (7) is used for processing the output signal of the comparator (6) and then adjusting the current on the heater (3).
8. The temperature control system of the micro-ring modulator WDM optical transmitter according to claim 7, wherein:
the relationship between the radius of the annular waveguide (2) of the micro-ring modulator and the corresponding wavelength is as follows: m lambda m ＝2πrn eff Where m is the resonance order, λ m Is the resonance wavelength of the mth order, r is the radius of the micro-ring modulator, n eff Is the effective refractive index of the annular waveguide (2);
the waveguide material of the micro-ring modulator is silicon, and the thickness of the waveguide is 200-500nm; can realize wavelength division multiplexing of 1260nm-1360nm or 1530nm-1625nm wave band;
the heater (3) is a titanium nitride heater or a lightly doped silicon resistance heater;
the photoelectric detector (4) is a germanium-silicon photodiode.
9. A method for debugging a temperature control regulation system of a micro-ring modulator wdm optical transmitter according to claim 7 or 8, comprising the steps of:
c1, inputting laser output containing n wavelengths from the input end of the first micro-ring modulator, wherein the total power of input light intensity is P t (ii) a Simultaneously starting a temperature control adjusting circuit and a photoelectric detector (4), adjusting the heaters (3) on the micro-ring modulators to minimize the total optical power output by the n micro-ring modulators;
c2, under the state of the step C1, according to the current value of the h micro-ring modulator measured by the photoelectric detector (4) connected with the downloading end (22) of the annular waveguide (2) in the h micro-ring modulator, calculating the optical power value P of the corresponding wavelength in the h micro-ring modulator h Then the optical power compensation coefficient in the h-th micro-ring modulator is K h ＝(P t /n)/P h Wherein h is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n;
c3, continuously adjusting the heaters (3) on the micro-ring modulators, performing standardized light modulation amplitude analysis on the micro-ring modulators, and recording the current signal ratio I at the maximum value point of the variation of the standardized light modulation amplitude curve corresponding to each micro-ring modulator out /I in And adjusting the adjustable resistor (5) to realize V out ＝V in (ii) a The current-to-signal ratio at the maximum point of the variation of the normalized light modulation amplitude curve for the h-th micro-ring modulator is I h /I 0 ，R 0 To a fixed value set as required, I 0 Is a photodetector PD 0 Measured current value, V 0 ＝I 0 ·R 0 At V 0 ＝V h Under the conditions according to I h /I 0 ＝R 0 /R h Calculating the resistance value of each adjustable resistor (5);
c4, starting a wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter, simultaneously starting a temperature control adjusting system and a photoelectric detector (4), and sequentially judging whether the resonant wavelength changes for each micro-ring modulator from the first micro-ring modulator;
judging whether the resonance wavelength of the h-th micro-ring modulator is changed according to V' h ＝K h ·I′ h ·R h ，V′ 0 ＝K 0 ·I′ 0 ·R 0 Calculating V' h And V' 0 (ii) a Wherein, V' h Is the actual output voltage, I' h Measuring the actual output current, V ', for the photodetector (4)' 0 Is the actual input voltage, I' 0 Is a photodetector PD 0 Measuring an actual input current; k 0 Optical power compensation factor, K, for laser output of a wavelength division multiplexed optical transmitter 0 ＝1；
If V' 0 ＝V′ h Continuing to judge the resonance wavelength of the h +1 th micro-ring modulator;
if V' 0 ≠V′ h The comparator (6) outputs a signal to the digital-to-analog converter (7), the digital-to-analog converter (7) processes the signal, then adjusts the current loaded on the heater (3) to heat the micro-ring modulator, and further adjusts the resonant wavelength of the micro-ring modulator to V' 0 ＝V′ h (ii) a Continuing to judge the resonance wavelength of the h +1 th micro-ring modulator until the judgment of the n micro-ring modulators is finished;
and C5, adding modulation signals to the n micro-ring modulators, repeating the step C4, and circularly judging whether the resonant wavelengths of the n micro-ring modulators are changed or not until the work of the wavelength division multiplexing optical transmitter is finished.
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