CN115165337A - Turbine blade rotation thermal-mechanical fatigue test device and method - Google Patents
Turbine blade rotation thermal-mechanical fatigue test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 114
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- 238000005050 thermomechanical fatigue Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a turbine blade rotation thermal-mechanical fatigue test device and method, and belongs to the field of turbine blade high-temperature rotation thermal-fatigue tests. The device comprises a test cavity, a load applying system, a heating system, an air cooling system, a temperature measuring system and a control system; the test cavity provides a safe test space for the turbine blade rotation thermal-mechanical fatigue test, the measured blade is placed in the test cavity through a load application system, and the load application system is used for providing rotation centrifugal load for the measured blade; the heating system, the air cooling system and the temperature measuring system are arranged around the tested blade; the control system is used for controlling the rotating speed of the load applying system and controlling the working parameters of the heating system and the air cooling system; the device realizes rapid temperature rise and temperature reduction of the turbine blade in a high-speed rotation state, realizes accurate control of the temperature of the turbine blade by adjusting induction heating power and blowing flow, and realizes all-dimensional test under a simulated real working condition by designing a temperature and rotating speed load spectrum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for testing the rotating thermal-mechanical fatigue of a turbine blade of an aeroengine, belonging to the field of high-temperature rotating thermal-fatigue tests of turbine blades.
Background
The gas turbine blade is used as the most critical part of an aircraft engine rotor part, the working temperature of the gas turbine blade can reach over 1000 ℃, the centrifugal stress exceeds 100kN-150kN (15 tons), and the working environment is extremely severe. Under various working profiles of starting and stopping, cruising, accelerating, force application and the like of the engine, the temperature load and the centrifugal load of the blade are changed, so that the thermal-mechanical fatigue performance, namely the service life under the coupling action of the temperature and the load, of the blade needs to be considered in design and use management.
At present, the thermal-mechanical fatigue performance test research methods of the turbine blade mainly comprise three methods: material test, simulation part level single-axis test, part level single-axis test. The material test is to design a standard fatigue sample, then mount the standard fatigue sample on a material fatigue testing machine, and carry out a temperature-load coupling fatigue test, and the method can only reflect the basic thermal-mechanical fatigue performance of the material and is difficult to popularize on the analysis of the service life of the blade; stress distribution caused by a structure is considered in a single-axis test of a simulation piece, but the problems that the design of the simulation piece is difficult, and the geometric, technological and stress states of the simulation piece are different from those of a real turbine blade are solved; the part-level single-shaft test is to directly mount a real blade on a single-shaft tension-compression fatigue testing machine for test research, but the method can only research the thermal-mechanical fatigue performance on a specified single section, cannot truly reflect the distribution condition of centrifugal stress (physical force) and the contact boundary condition of a rabbet of the blade in a high-speed rotation state, has insufficient characteristics on the actual complex temperature, load state and contact boundary of the blade, and has limited accuracy and applicability of an established life model. In addition, the aviation engine airworthiness regulations require that the key life limiting parts such as engine blades and the like must be subjected to comprehensive test examination before being put into use so as to ensure the safety and reliability of the engine, and the test examination meeting the airworthiness regulations requires that the test examination is as close as possible to the real working conditions of the blades, namely the tenon contact and high-temperature and high-speed rotation centrifugal load states.
Therefore, a turbine blade thermal-mechanical fatigue performance testing device and a turbine blade thermal-mechanical fatigue performance testing method which are close to the real working conditions are needed, the requirements of the turbine blade on high-temperature and high-speed rotation coupling effects are met, the turbine blade thermal-mechanical fatigue performance testing device has the characteristics that the rotating speed and the temperature can be coupled in real time, the control precision is good, the safety is high, and the application range is wide, the problem that the existing thermal-mechanical fatigue of the blades cannot realize high-speed rotation testing is solved, the thermal-mechanical fatigue testing conditions of the turbine blades are closer to the working conditions of an engine, and the examination is more real.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention is designed on a high-speed rotating test bed, and carries out local induction heating and air blowing cooling on the assembled blade, thereby realizing the rapid temperature rise and temperature fall control of the blade and providing the thermal-mechanical fatigue test system and method for the turbine blade in a high-speed rotating state. The basic principle of the invention is that an induction heating and blowing device with a reasonable structure is designed on a high-speed rotation test bed, the turbine blade is quickly heated and cooled in a high-speed rotation state, the temperature of the blade is accurately controlled by adjusting induction heating power and blowing flow to meet the test requirement, and the vacuum degree requirement and the temperature monitoring of the blade are realized by arranging a vacuum pump and an infrared thermometer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a turbine blade rotating thermal-mechanical fatigue test device comprises a test cavity, a load applying system, a heating system, an air cooling system, a temperature measuring system and a control system.
The test cavity provides a safe test space for the turbine blade rotation thermal-mechanical fatigue test, the tested blade is placed in the test cavity through a load applying system, and the load applying system is used for providing rotation centrifugal load for the tested blade; the heating system, the air cooling system and the temperature measuring system are arranged around the tested blade and are respectively used for providing heating and cooling functions for the turbine blade to be tested and measuring the temperature of the blade in real time; the control system is used for controlling the rotating speed of the load applying system and controlling the working parameters of the heating system and the air cooling system.
The heating system adopts an electromagnetic induction heating mode to realize rapid temperature rise of the measured blade and comprises an induction power supply, an induction coil and a fixing mechanism; the induction coil is suspended in the test cavity through a fixing mechanism, distributed on the periphery of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the measured blade and has a double-layer structure; the induction power supply is positioned outside the test cavity, and the power connection wire of the induction coil is connected with the external induction power supply through a cross-connection flange arranged on the test cavity.
Preferably, the load applying system comprises a power device, a driving shaft, a switching tool and a wheel disc, wherein one end of the driving shaft is connected with the external power device, and the other end of the driving shaft extends into the test cavity; the rotary table is installed on the driving shaft through a switching tool, and the blade to be tested is connected with the rotary table through a joggle joint structure.
Preferably, the induction coil is composed of a beam magnetic core and a hollow tube having a rectangular cross section.
Preferably, the double-layer induction coil is connected to the fixing mechanism through a distance adjusting bolt, and the distance adjusting bolt is used for adjusting the axial distance and the radial distance between the induction coil and the measured blade.
Preferably, the air cooling system comprises an air pump, an electromagnetic valve, a blowing nozzle, a nozzle mounting disc and a pipeline; the blowing nozzles are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the driving shaft through the nozzle mounting disc and are positioned above the blade to be measured, and the blowing angle of the blowing nozzles is adjustable; the air pump is positioned outside the test chamber, the air injection nozzle is connected with the air pump through a pipeline, and the electromagnetic valve is arranged on the external pipeline and used for adjusting the air injection flow of the air pump.
Preferably, the air blowing direction of the air blowing nozzle is from the blade root to the blade shroud.
Preferably, the temperature measuring system adopts an infrared thermometer, the focal length of the infrared thermometer is adjusted within the range of 50-500 mm, the diameter of a temperature measuring spot is less than 1mm, the temperature measuring system has a function of maintaining a temperature display peak value, and the peak value maintaining time is 1-5 s.
Preferably, the device also comprises a camera which is arranged below a transparent observation window at the bottom of the test cavity.
A test method of the turbine blade rotating thermal-mechanical fatigue test device comprises the following steps:
1) Placing the tested blade in a test cavity through a load applying system, carrying out cold test run and adjusting the blade until a rotor of the load applying system stably runs and can reach an appointed rotating speed;
2) Installing a heating system, and adjusting the position of an induction coil to ensure that the axial distance between the induction coil and the blade is not less than 3mm and the radial distance is not less than 6mm; then, carrying out thermal state test run, dynamically adjusting the power of the induction power supply in the speed change process of the load application system, and adjusting the position of the induction coil according to the operation result until the induction coil stably operates and can reach the specified rotating speed;
3) Installing an air cooling system, and adjusting the air injection angle of the air cooling system to enable the air injection direction to be from the blade root to the blade shroud; then, performing blowing test run, dynamically adjusting the blowing amount in the speed change process of the load applying system, and adjusting the air injection position and the air injection direction according to the operation result until the operation is stable and the specified rotating speed can be reached;
4) Installing a temperature measuring system, and aligning the temperature measuring system to the position of a blade measuring point; setting a temperature and a rotating speed load spectrum, adjusting the power of an induction power supply in a heating system and the air blowing amount of an air cooling system through a controller, displaying the rotating speed and the temperature in real time, and recording the blade state;
the temperature and rotating speed load spectrum comprises a homodromous coupling load spectrum, a reverse coupling load spectrum, a constant temperature coupling load spectrum and a constant speed coupling load spectrum; the homodromous coupling load spectrum refers to the condition that the temperature and the rotating speed simultaneously increase or decrease, the reverse coupling load spectrum refers to the condition that the temperature and the rotating speed reversely increase or decrease, the constant-temperature coupling load spectrum refers to the condition that the temperature is not changed and the rotating speed circularly increases or decreases, and the constant-speed coupling load spectrum refers to the condition that the rotating speed is not changed and the temperature circularly increases or decreases.
Further, in the blowing test process in the step 3), a blowing test load spectrum is set to include the following three working conditions:
a. firstly, the blowing flow is increased to the maximum and kept constant, then the rotor is gradually accelerated to the maximum, the rotor is decelerated to the minimum after a period of time is kept, and finally the blowing flow is reduced to the minimum;
b. simultaneously increasing the blowing flow and the rotating speed, keeping for a period of time after the blowing flow and the rotating speed are both increased to the maximum, and simultaneously reducing the blowing flow and the rotating speed;
c. firstly, the blowing air flow is increased to the maximum, then the rotating speed is gradually increased while the blowing air flow is gradually reduced, after the blowing air flow is reduced to zero, the rotating speed of the rotor is increased to the maximum and is kept for a period of time, then the rotating speed is gradually reduced while the blowing air flow is gradually increased, and when the rotating speed is reduced to zero, the blowing air flow is increased to the maximum, and the process is circulated.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) According to the invention, the induction coil and the blowing nozzle with special structures are designed and installed on the high-speed rotation test bed, so that the local position of the blade is quickly heated and cooled, meanwhile, the blade installed on the wheel disc through the joggle structure realizes high-speed rotation through the switching tool and the driving shaft, and finally, the high-speed rotation thermal-mechanical fatigue test of the turbine blade is realized.
2) The invention designs a special real-time temperature monitoring and controlling system, can realize the precise regulation and control of the blade temperature through the real-time linkage of the non-contact infrared thermometer, the controller, the induction power supply and the electromagnetic valve, can display various parameters such as rotating speed, temperature, current, airflow and the like in a computer in real time for a tester to judge in real time, and further ensures the reliability and the scientificity of the thermal-mechanical fatigue test of the blade.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a turbine blade rotary thermo-mechanical fatigue test apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the structure of the test apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a detail view of the blade local heating and cooling structure arrangement;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a turbine blade rotational thermo-mechanical fatigue testing method;
FIG. 5 is a jet run load spectrum;
FIG. 6 is a thermal-mechanical fatigue homodromous coupling load spectrum;
FIG. 7 is a thermal-mechanical fatigue reverse coupling load spectrum;
FIG. 8 is a thermo-mechanical fatigue constant temperature coupling load spectrum;
FIG. 9 is a thermo-mechanical fatigue blade constant velocity coupling load spectrum;
in the figure, 1, a test chamber, 2, a driving device, 3, a rotating speed sensor, 4, a driving shaft, 5, a wheel disc, 6, an induction coil, 7, a turbine blade to be detected, 8, a fixing mechanism, 9, a vacuum gauge, 10, an induction power supply, 11, a vacuum pump, 12, an air pump, 13, an electromagnetic valve, 14, a pipeline, 15, an air blowing nozzle, 16, a nozzle mounting disc, 17, an infrared thermometer, 18, an infrared thermometer protective shell, 19, an observation window, 20, a camera, 21, a cross-connecting flange, 22, a controller, 23 and a display.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a turbine blade rotation thermal-mechanical fatigue test device is used for performing thermal-mechanical fatigue performance test on a turbine blade 7 to be tested under the temperature-rotation speed coupling effect, and comprises a test cavity 1, a driving device 2, a rotation speed sensor 3, a driving shaft 4, a wheel disc 5, the turbine blade 7 to be tested, an induction coil 6, an induction power supply 10, a fixing mechanism 8, a vacuum gauge 9, a vacuum pump 11, an air pump 12, an electromagnetic valve 13, a pipeline 14, an air blowing nozzle 15, a nozzle mounting disc 16, an infrared thermometer 17 and a controller 22.
The test chamber 1, the driving device 2, the rotating speed sensor 3, the driving shaft 4 and the wheel disc 5 form a load applying system, centrifugal load is applied to the turbine blade to be tested under the action of high-speed rotation, the wheel disc 5 is designed and processed according to the test requirements of the turbine blade to be tested, and the wheel disc is connected with the turbine blade to be tested through a joggle structure.
The induction coil 6, the fixing mechanism 8 and the induction power supply 10 form a heating system, and the heating system is used for realizing temperature rise control in the thermal-mechanical fatigue process of the turbine blade and ensuring that a temperature load spectrum meets the test requirement. In the embodiment, the section of the induction coil is a rectangular hollow tube with the diameter of 6mm multiplied by 8mm, and a beam magnetic core is arranged outside the induction coil so as to improve the heating efficiency of the blade; the induction coil penetrates through the insulating flange in a coaxial structure to be connected with an induction power supply, so that the magnetic flux leakage condition of the penetration region is reduced.
The infrared thermometer 18, the controller 22 and the like constitute a temperature measurement system for measuring the blade temperature in real time.
The vacuum gauge 9, the vacuum pump 11, the air pump 12, the electromagnetic valve 13, the pipeline 14, the blowing nozzle 15 and the nozzle mounting plate 16 form an air cooling system for rapid cooling control in the thermal-mechanical fatigue process of the blade; the number of the blowing nozzles 15 is even, the blowing nozzles are circumferentially and symmetrically arranged on the nozzle mounting plate 16, and the radial positions of the nozzles and the gas spraying mode are adjustable to meet the testing requirements of different blades; the electromagnetic valve is used for adjusting the blowing flow to control the cooling speed.
In this embodiment, the vacuum pump 11 is a centrifugal vacuum pump and a plunger vacuum pump connected in parallel to improve the vacuum pumping efficiency, and is connected to the air pump 12 to ensure that the vacuum pumps work simultaneously when the air pump works.
It should be noted that the fixing mechanism 8 in the heating system and the nozzle mounting plate 16 in the air cooling system are both installed in the upper space of the wheel disc 5 in the test chamber 1, and if the wheel disc is smaller, the fixing mechanism and the nozzle mounting plate can be designed integrally and uniformly, and the fixing of the induction coil and the installation of the nozzle can be realized at the same time.
As shown in fig. 3, the design and installation structure of the nozzle mounting plate 16, the air blowing nozzle 15 and the induction coil 6 adopted in the present embodiment are given, wherein the nozzle mounting plate 16 is installed on the upper cover plate of the test chamber, the cross section is an inverted near T-shaped structure, the inner side is used for preventing the rotor from falling due to the excessive unbalance generated on the driving shaft 4, and the outer side is used for installing the air blowing nozzle 15 and the induction coil 6.
Wherein, the nozzle mounting disc 16 is switchoverred to through installation connecting rod 24 and installation montant 25 to blowing nozzle 15, process the U-shaped through-hole and through bolted connection installation connecting rod 24 on installation montant 25, realize blowing nozzle about and rotatory two degrees of freedom remove, radial movement then removes through the installation connecting rod on the nozzle mounting disc and realizes, finally realizes blowing nozzle's free activity to be suitable for different blade structures and size, improve test device suitability.
The fixed mechanism 8 is installed on the nozzle mounting plate, the induction coil 6 is connected to the fixed mechanism 8 through the distance adjusting bolt 26 in a switching mode and can achieve position adjustment up and down and left and right, the induction coil 6 is symmetrically arranged on the upper end face and the lower end face of the measured blade 7, the distance between the induction coil and the measured blade is adjusted through the distance adjusting bolt 26, and the heating function of different blade sizes is achieved.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, in consideration of the situation that the rotor is unbalanced due to the failure and the rotor may fall off due to the failure and the breakage of the blade may occur in the later stage of the fatigue, the nozzle mounting disk 16 is designed to be a middle through hole structure, the driving shaft passes through the through hole, and the inner side of the nozzle mounting disk 16 maintains a 1-2mm gap with the through hole, so as to prevent the rotor from swinging back and forth and falling off due to the imbalance.
The infrared thermometer 17 is arranged in the test cavity, and a protective shell is arranged outside the test cavity, has a heat insulation function, and ensures the normal work of the infrared thermometer; the infrared thermometer 17 is used as a temperature measuring system, and the temperature signal measured by the infrared thermometer 17 is received by the controller 22 and is continuously compared with the test setting signal, so that the power of the power supply and the flow of the air pump are controlled, the temperature change is regulated, and the measured temperature is ensured to be consistent with the set temperature.
The display 23 is used for displaying the test process information in real time, including signals of rotating speed, temperature, vacuum degree, vibration characteristic and the like; the camera 20 is arranged below a transparent observation window at the bottom of the test chamber 1, monitors the condition inside the test chamber in real time through an observation window 19 arranged at the bottom of the test chamber and transmits the condition to the display. In addition, a vacuum pump and a vacuum gauge can be further included for ensuring the vacuum degree in the test cavity and the like.
As shown in fig. 4, the testing method of the turbine blade rotating thermal-mechanical fatigue testing device comprises the following steps:
1) Determining materials of a driving shaft and a wheel disc according to the rotating speed to be measured and the temperature range of the turbine blade, and designing and processing structures of the driving shaft and the wheel disc;
2) According to the structure, the size, the spatial position and the like of the blade, a blade rotor to be tested is installed on a high-speed rotating test bed;
3) Performing cold test running, if the rotor stably runs and reaches the designated rotating speed during the cold test running, and the vibration of the driving shaft is less than 50um, performing the next test, otherwise, reinstalling the blade rotor, and performing the cold test running until the stable running requirement is met;
4) Installing a nozzle mounting disc, an air blowing nozzle, a connecting pipeline and an air pump, connecting the electromagnetic valve and the flowmeter, and adjusting the position and the angle of the air blowing nozzle according to the position of the blade to focus the air blowing direction of the nozzle on the blade examination part;
5) Performing blowing test run, setting the rotation speed to be from minimum to maximum, then linearly reducing the speed to be minimum, changing the blowing flow during the period, observing whether the rotor stably runs and reaches the specified rotation speed during the test run, if the vibration of the driving shaft is less than 50um, performing the next test, and if not, readjusting the position and the angle of a blowing nozzle, and continuing the test run until the stable operation requirement is met;
fig. 5 shows a blow-down test run load spectrum comprising: a) Firstly, the blowing flow is increased to the maximum and kept constant, then the rotor is gradually accelerated to the maximum, the rotor is reduced to the minimum after being kept for a period of time, and finally the blowing flow is reduced to the minimum; b) The flow of the blowing gas is increased to the maximum, the flow is reduced to the minimum after the flow is kept for a period of time, and the rotating speed of the rotor is synchronously increased to the maximum load-holding value and reduced to the minimum after the flow is kept for a period of time; c) Firstly, the blowing flow is increased to the maximum, then the blowing flow is reduced to the minimum, the rotating speed of a rotor is increased to the maximum in the period, then the rotating speed of the rotor is kept for a period of time, the blowing flow is gradually increased to the maximum in the process of gradually reducing the rotating speed of the rotor, and finally the blowing flow is reduced to the minimum;
6) Installing an induction coil, an induction power supply and a fixing mechanism, and adjusting the position of the induction coil to ensure that the positions of the coil and the blade meet the test requirements, wherein in the embodiment, the axial distance between the coil and the blade is not less than 3mm, and the radial distance is not less than 6mm;
7) Starting an induction power supply, adjusting the power supply power to enable the blades to reach a higher temperature which is 100 ℃ lower than the test temperature, then starting hot test running, setting the rotating speed to be from minimum to maximum, then linearly reducing the speed to minimum, observing whether the rotor stably runs and reaches the specified rotating speed during test running, if the vibration of a driving shaft is less than 50 mu m, carrying out the next test, and if not, reinstalling a heating system and continuing test running until the stable running requirement is met;
8) An infrared thermometer is arranged in the test cavity and connected to a temperature measurement and control instrument, all signals are input into a controller, the controller can adjust heating power and blowing flow according to temperature, a temperature-rotating speed coupling load spectrum is given, a thermal-mechanical coupling test run is started, whether the rotor stably runs and reaches a specified rotating speed during the test run is observed, if the vibration of a driving shaft is smaller than 50 mu m, the next test can be carried out, otherwise, a test device is detected and the test run is continued until the stable running requirement is met.
10 When the instruments and parameters work normally during the test, the formal test is started, the data of the parameters in the test process are recorded, and the conditions of the test site are monitored and recorded by a camera.
Fig. 6-9 show the thermo-mechanical fatigue coupling load spectrum achievable by the test method of the present invention, fig. 6 shows homodromous coupling, synchronous temperature and speed rise and fall, fig. 7 shows counter coupling, asynchronous temperature and speed rise and fall, fig. 8 shows constant temperature coupling, constant temperature, cyclic speed rise and fall, and fig. 9 shows constant speed coupling, constant speed, cyclic speed rise and fall.
Through the test, the thermal-mechanical fatigue performance of the turbine blade to be tested can be simulated under the condition close to the real working condition, the requirement of the high-temperature and high-speed rotation coupling effect of the turbine blade is met, the turbine blade thermal-mechanical fatigue test system has the characteristics of real-time coupling of the rotating speed and the temperature, good control precision, high safety and wide application range, and test data are more comprehensive and accurate.
The foregoing lists merely illustrate specific embodiments of the invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A turbine blade rotating thermal-mechanical fatigue test device is characterized by comprising a test cavity (1), a load applying system, a heating system, an air cooling system, a temperature measuring system and a control system;
the testing cavity (1) provides a safe testing space for the turbine blade rotation thermal-mechanical fatigue test, the tested blade (7) is arranged in the testing cavity (1) through a load applying system, and the load applying system is used for providing rotation centrifugal load for the tested blade; the heating system, the air cooling system and the temperature measuring system are arranged around the blade (7) to be measured and are respectively used for providing heating and cooling functions for the turbine blade to be measured and measuring the temperature of the blade in real time; the control system is used for controlling the rotating speed of the load applying system and controlling the working parameters of the heating system and the air cooling system;
the heating system adopts an electromagnetic induction heating mode to realize rapid temperature rise of the detected blade and comprises an induction power supply (10), an induction coil (6) and a fixing mechanism (8); the induction coil (6) is suspended in the test cavity (1) through a fixing mechanism (8), distributed on the periphery of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the measured blade and has a double-layer structure; the induction power supply is positioned outside the test cavity (1), and the power connection wire of the induction coil (6) is connected with the external induction power supply through a cross-connection flange arranged on the test cavity (1).
2. The turbine blade rotating thermo-mechanical fatigue test device of claim 1, wherein the load applying system comprises a power device, a driving shaft (4), a switching tool and a wheel disc (5), one end of the driving shaft (4) is connected with the external power device, and the other end of the driving shaft extends into the test cavity (1); the rotary disc (5) is installed on the driving shaft (4) through a switching tool, and the blade to be measured is connected with the rotary disc (5) through a joggle structure.
3. The turbine blade rotary thermo-mechanical fatigue test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the induction coil (6) is composed of a beam core and a hollow tube having a rectangular cross section.
4. Turbine blade rotary thermo-mechanical fatigue test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the double layer induction coil is transferred to the fixing means (8) by means of a pitch bolt for adjusting the axial and radial distance between the induction coil and the blade under test.
5. The turbine blade rotary thermo-mechanical fatigue test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the air cooling system comprises an air pump (12), a solenoid valve (13), an air blowing nozzle (15), a nozzle mounting plate (16) and a pipeline (14); the blowing nozzles (15) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the driving shaft through nozzle mounting plates (16) and are positioned above the blade to be tested, and the blowing angle of the blowing nozzles (15) is adjustable; the air pump (12) is positioned outside the test chamber (1), the air injection nozzle is connected with the air pump through a pipeline, and the electromagnetic valve (13) is arranged on the external pipeline and used for adjusting the air blowing flow of the air pump.
6. The turbine blade rotating thermo-mechanical fatigue test apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blowing direction of the blowing nozzle (15) is from the blade root to the blade tip shroud.
7. The turbine blade rotating thermal-mechanical fatigue test device of claim 1, wherein the temperature measurement system adopts an infrared thermometer, the focal length of the infrared thermometer is adjusted within the range of 50mm to 500mm, the diameter of a temperature measurement spot is less than 1mm, the device has a temperature display peak value holding function, and the peak value holding time is 1 to 5s.
8. Turbine blade rotary thermo-mechanical fatigue test apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a camera arranged below a transparent viewing window at the bottom of the test chamber (1).
9. A testing method based on the turbine blade rotating thermal-mechanical fatigue testing device of claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Placing the tested blade (7) in the test cavity (1) through a load applying system, carrying out cold test run and adjusting the blade until a rotor of the load applying system stably runs and can reach an appointed rotating speed;
2) Installing a heating system, and adjusting the position of an induction coil to ensure that the axial distance between the induction coil and the blade is not less than 3mm and the radial distance is not less than 6mm; then, carrying out thermal state test run, dynamically adjusting the power of the induction power supply in the speed change process of the load application system, and adjusting the position of the induction coil according to the operation result until the induction coil stably operates and can reach the specified rotating speed;
3) Installing an air cooling system, and adjusting the air injection angle of the air cooling system to enable the air injection direction to be from the blade root to the blade shroud; then, performing blowing test run, dynamically adjusting the blowing amount in the speed change process of the load applying system, and adjusting the air injection position and the air injection direction according to the operation result until the operation is stable and the specified rotating speed can be reached;
4) Installing a temperature measuring system, and aligning the temperature measuring system to the position of a blade measuring point; setting a temperature and a rotating speed load spectrum, adjusting the power of an induction power supply in a heating system and the air blowing amount of an air cooling system through a controller, displaying the rotating speed and the temperature in real time, and recording the state of a blade;
the temperature and rotating speed load spectrum comprises a homodromous coupling load spectrum, a reverse coupling load spectrum, a constant temperature coupling load spectrum and a constant speed coupling load spectrum; the homodromous coupling load spectrum refers to the condition that the temperature and the rotating speed simultaneously increase or decrease, the reverse coupling load spectrum refers to the condition that the temperature and the rotating speed reversely increase or decrease, the constant-temperature coupling load spectrum refers to the condition that the temperature is not changed and the rotating speed circularly increases or decreases, and the constant-speed coupling load spectrum refers to the condition that the rotating speed is not changed and the temperature circularly increases or decreases.
10. The testing method of the turbine blade rotating thermal-mechanical fatigue testing apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein in the blowing test run process of step 3), the blowing test run load spectrum is set to include the following three conditions:
a. firstly, the blowing flow is increased to the maximum and kept constant, then the rotor is gradually accelerated to the maximum, the rotor is decelerated to the minimum after a period of time is kept, and finally the blowing flow is reduced to the minimum;
b. simultaneously increasing the blowing flow and the rotating speed, keeping for a period of time after the blowing flow and the rotating speed are both increased to the maximum, and simultaneously reducing the blowing flow and the rotating speed;
c. firstly, the blowing air flow is increased to the maximum, then the rotating speed is gradually increased while the blowing air flow is gradually reduced, the rotating speed of the rotor is increased to the maximum and kept for a period of time after the blowing air flow is reduced to 0, then the rotating speed is gradually reduced while the blowing air flow is gradually increased, the blowing air flow is increased to the maximum when the rotating speed is reduced to 0, and the process is circulated.
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