CN112080612A - Metal piece surface residual stress optimization method and device based on electromagnetic induction heating and surface rapid cooling - Google Patents

Metal piece surface residual stress optimization method and device based on electromagnetic induction heating and surface rapid cooling Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112080612A
CN112080612A CN202010794493.6A CN202010794493A CN112080612A CN 112080612 A CN112080612 A CN 112080612A CN 202010794493 A CN202010794493 A CN 202010794493A CN 112080612 A CN112080612 A CN 112080612A
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electromagnetic induction
residual stress
heating
induction heating
rapid cooling
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CN202010794493.6A
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Inventor
孟龙晖
方成刚
张�浩
洪荣晶
黄筱调
王�华
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NANJING GONGDA CNC TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
Nanjing Tech University
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NANJING GONGDA CNC TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
Nanjing Tech University
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Priority to CN202010794493.6A priority Critical patent/CN112080612A/en
Publication of CN112080612A publication Critical patent/CN112080612A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C21D1/10Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for optimizing the residual stress of the surface of a metal workpiece based on electromagnetic induction heating and rapid cooling, and belongs to the field of machining. The part is slowly heated in an electromagnetic induction heating mode, so that the temperature distribution in the part is uniform, the plastic deformation of local materials caused by overlarge temperature gradient is avoided, after the part is slowly heated to a certain temperature, the outer surface of the part is rapidly cooled by liquid nitrogen, the outer layer material is cooled and rapidly shrunk and is prevented by the inner layer material to generate tensile stress, the outer layer material is subjected to tensile plastic deformation, the size of the part is increased, the part is continuously cooled to the normal temperature, and finally the surface material is subjected to the compression effect of the inner layer material due to the increase of the surface material, so that the residual compressive stress is formed on the outer layer material, the fatigue life of the part is prolonged, and the performances of the part in various aspects such as corrosion resistance are improved.

Description

Metal piece surface residual stress optimization method and device based on electromagnetic induction heating and surface rapid cooling
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a method and a device for optimizing the surface residual stress of a metal piece based on electromagnetic induction heating and surface rapid cooling, and belongs to the field of mechanical engineering.
Background art:
with the rapid development of the industrial field, the requirements on the processing quality of mechanical workpieces and the reliability of the workpieces are also higher and higher. For a metal workpiece, the distribution of the surface residual stress of the metal workpiece can seriously affect the fatigue life, the corrosion resistance, the crack resistance and other performances of the part, and how to effectively optimize the distribution of the surface residual stress of the metal workpiece so as to improve the performances of the metal workpiece in various aspects is a problem which is constantly solved by the manufacturing industry and related scientific researchers. The traditional method mainly comprises two aspects of optimization and subsequent optimization in the machining process, wherein the optimization in the machining process mainly considers optimization of machining parameters, such as changing of cutting parameters, adoption of a coolant with strict requirements, a specific cutter and the like, and the corresponding optimization process is difficult to simultaneously consider machining efficiency and machining surface quality (such as roughness and the like), and moreover, the too harsh coolant can greatly improve the corresponding manufacturing cost; the subsequent optimization is mainly an additional optimization procedure for optimizing corresponding stress distribution after the previous manufacturing is completed, and mainly comprises shot blasting, ultrasonic impact, nitriding, carburizing and the like, although the shot blasting and ultrasonic impact method can obviously improve the residual stress distribution on the surface of the part and can obtain larger residual compressive stress, the corresponding treatment can seriously affect the surface roughness of the part and is not suitable for high-precision occasions, the nitriding and carburizing treatment usually has an unobvious improvement effect on the residual stress on the surface and sometimes can be very slight and even pollute the environment, the existing ultrasonic vibration aging treatment can greatly reduce the residual compressive stress in the part, but can not form larger residual compressive stress distribution at all, the optimization effect is very limited and only harmful stress can be reduced, without the formation of favorable stresses.
The traditional metal part is often subjected to residual tensile stress on the surface of the part due to the combined action of a plurality of factors in the manufacturing and processing processes, and the fatigue life and the corrosion resistance of the part are both greatly and negatively influenced.
For machined metal parts, an optimization method which is low in cost, efficient, pollution-free and does not have negative influence on the surface precision of the parts is needed at present, and no corresponding solution is found in the prior art.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to solve the problems that: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the method and the device for optimizing the surface residual stress of the metal part based on electromagnetic induction heating and surface rapid cooling are provided, so that the method for optimizing the surface residual stress of the metal part is low in cost, high in efficiency, free of pollution and free of negative influence on the surface precision of the part
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a metal piece surface residual stress optimization method based on electromagnetic induction heating and surface rapid cooling is characterized in that: the heating process of the metal piece comprises the following steps:
step S1, determining different final electromagnetic induction heating temperatures and coolants according to different specific metal workpiece materials and optimization effects required to be achieved;
step S2, placing the part into an induction coil, and opening protective gas before heating;
step S3, heating by stages according to the set highest heating temperature, increasing the power of the electromagnetic inductor after the inside and the outside of the metal workpiece uniformly reach the temperature of the first stage, and uniformly heating the metal workpiece to the temperature of the second stage;
step S4, repeating the steps S1-S3, and finally enabling the internal and external temperatures of the metal workpiece to be consistent and reach a specified final temperature value;
step S5, rapidly putting the metal workpiece into the coolant in the flow, and rapidly cooling the metal workpiece;
and step S6, taking out the part after the metal workpiece is completely cooled, and finishing the optimization of the surface stress of the part.
In step S1, the electromagnetic induction device is equipped with a corresponding concentrator. Thereby achieving the effect of saving energy consumption.
In step S2, carbon dioxide is used as a shielding gas to isolate the metal workpiece from oxygen during the heating process.
In the step S3, the metal workpiece is heated in stages, so that local plastic deformation of the part due to excessive thermal stress caused by uneven temperature distribution during heating is avoided.
The final heating temperature of the part in the step S4 needs to be determined according to the material of different metal pieces and the degree of residual stress needed to be optimized, so as to ensure the optimized effectiveness of the method.
The coolant in step S5 is flowing instead of static, which avoids the local temperature rise of the coolant from affecting the rapid cooling effect, and the coolant can be selected from water solution, or liquid nitrogen, liquid carbon dioxide, etc., depending on the material of the part and the optimization requirement.
The utility model provides a metalwork surface residual stress optimization device based on electromagnetic induction heating and surperficial rapid cooling, stirring vane 5 in filter screen 4 and the container in spiral pipe, container, the one end of spiral pipe is protective gas air inlet 1, and survey in the spiral pipe and be equipped with a plurality of protective gas outlets 2, and the spiral pipe is in filter screen 4 in as for the container, and filter screen 4 below is equipped with stirring vane 5 in the container.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the method for optimizing the residual stress on the surface of the metal piece based on electromagnetic induction heating and rapid surface cooling, the air nozzles of the protective gas are fixed on the induction coil and are arranged in a relatively tight manner, so that the part is protected, and meanwhile, the induction coil is protected correspondingly, and overheating oxidation is prevented.
2. In the metal piece surface residual stress optimizing device based on electromagnetic induction heating and surface rapid cooling, the equipment is simple, the cost is low, no pollutant is generated, and the environment friendliness is high.
3. According to the optimization method for the surface residual stress of the metal part based on electromagnetic induction heating and surface rapid cooling, the traditional thinking mode of optimizing the surface residual stress through mechanical force action is abandoned, uneven plastic deformation is generated on the surface of the part through temperature action, the surface residual stress generates an optimization effect, the optimization method is simple to operate and good in optimization effect, any influence on the surface precision and the roughness of the part is avoided, the defects of the traditional processing methods such as shot blasting and ultrasonic impact are eliminated, and the optimization method is particularly suitable for occasions with high precision requirements.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of an induction coil of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the induction coil of the present invention heating a part.
Fig. 3 is a front view schematically illustrating the structure of the coolant container according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of the coolant container according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic of the stress distribution of the present invention prior to optimization.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the stress distribution after optimization of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the stress distribution of the present invention prior to optimization.
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the stress distribution after optimization of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the path location of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a comparative graphical representation of the surface stress distribution before and after optimization of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-protective gas inlet, 2-protective gas outlet, 3-metal workpiece, 4-container inner filter screen and 5-container inner stirring blade.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As in fig. 1-10.
Example 1
A metal piece surface residual stress optimization method based on electromagnetic induction heating and surface rapid cooling comprises the following steps:
s1, determining different final electromagnetic induction heating temperatures and coolants according to different metal piece specific materials and optimization effects required to be achieved;
s2, placing the part into an induction coil, and opening protective gas before heating;
s3, heating by stages according to the set highest heating temperature, increasing the power of the electromagnetic inductor after the inside and the outside of the belt part uniformly reach the temperature of one stage, and uniformly heating the part to the temperature of the next stage;
s4, repeating the steps to finally enable the internal and external temperatures of the part to be consistent and reach the specified final temperature value;
s5, rapidly putting the parts into the coolant in the flow, and rapidly cooling the parts;
and S6, taking out the part after the part is completely cooled, and finishing the optimization of the surface stress of the part.
Preferably, the induction coil in step S2 is hollow, and the induction coil is used as the shielding gas transmission pipe;
preferably, the gas outlets of the shielding gas in step S2 are uniformly distributed in four directions and are arranged more closely;
preferably, the protective gas in step S2 is carbon dioxide;
preferably, the heating time of each stage in step S3 is shorter for smaller parts, and the heating time for larger and thicker parts needs to be increased appropriately to ensure that the parts can be heated uniformly;
preferably, in step S5, to avoid the contact between the part and oxygen, after reaching the specified heating temperature, the current of the induction coil is cut off while continuing to release the shielding gas, and the induction coil and the part are put into the coolant together;
preferably, in step S5, the container for holding the coolant should be provided with a circulation device, so that the coolant is continuously circulated in the container;
preferably, in step S5, after the induction coil and the coolant are put into the coolant, the shielding gas is rapidly turned off so that the part is sufficiently contacted with the coolant and rapidly cooled.
In the above embodiment, if the metal workpiece of titanium alloy is: heating to about 1000 ℃ by taking 200 ℃ as a heating temperature step value.
If for a metal workpiece of nickel alloy: heating to about 800 ℃ by taking 200 ℃ as a heating temperature step value.
If for a metal workpiece of an aluminum alloy: heating to about 500 ℃ by taking 100 ℃ as a heating temperature step value.
For materials with different masses, the frequency of 5kg of material heating current is controlled to be about 20kHz, the frequency of 100kg of material heating current is controlled to be about 25kHz, and the frequency of 5t of material heating current is controlled to be about 50 kHz.
Example 2
The utility model provides a metalwork surface residual stress optimization device based on electromagnetic induction heating and surperficial rapid cooling, stirring vane 5 in filter screen 4 and the container in spiral pipe, container, the one end of spiral pipe is protective gas air inlet 1, and survey in the spiral pipe and be equipped with a plurality of protective gas outlets 2, and the spiral pipe is in filter screen 4 in as for the container, and filter screen 4 below is equipped with stirring vane 5 in the container.
As shown in FIGS. 5 to 10, the surface is originally distributed with the residual stress σ0After the member is uniformly heated, the whole member material is uniformly expanded, when the outer layer material is rapidly cooled, its volume can be quickly contracted, at the same time, it can produce correspondent strain delta, at this moment the subsurface layer has not been cooled and can produce coolingThe change in volume, and thus the surface layer, is hindered by the subsurface material, producing a tensile stress sigma in the surface material1And inducing tensile plastic strain delta thereofpThe volume of the material is increased, after the material of the inner layer and the outer layer is uniformly cooled, the volume of the material is increased due to the tensile plastic deformation of the surface material, and at the moment, the material of the secondary surface can generate the barrier effect on the material, namely, the compressive stress sigma is generated on the materialcThe subsurface itself generating a tensile stress σtAnd finally an equilibrium state is reached.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (7)

1. A method for optimizing the residual stress of the surface of a metal piece based on electromagnetic induction heating and surface rapid cooling is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the heating process of the metal piece comprises the following steps:
s1, determining different final electromagnetic induction heating temperatures and coolants according to different specific metal workpiece materials and optimization effects required to be achieved;
step S2, placing the part into an induction coil, and opening protective gas before heating;
step S3, heating by stages according to the set highest heating temperature, increasing the power of the electromagnetic inductor after the inside and the outside of the metal workpiece uniformly reach the temperature of the first stage, and uniformly heating the metal workpiece to the temperature of the second stage;
step S4, repeating the steps S1-S3, and finally enabling the internal and external temperatures of the metal workpiece to be consistent and reach a specified final temperature value;
step S5, rapidly putting the metal workpiece into the coolant in the flow, and rapidly cooling the metal workpiece;
and step S6, taking out the part after the metal workpiece is completely cooled, and finishing the optimization of the surface stress of the part.
2. The method for optimizing the surface residual stress of the metal member based on the electromagnetic induction heating and the surface rapid cooling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic induction device is equipped with a corresponding concentrator in the step S1.
3. The method for optimizing the surface residual stress of the metal member based on the electromagnetic induction heating and the surface rapid cooling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S2 is performed by using carbon dioxide as a protective gas to isolate the metal workpiece from oxygen during the heating process.
4. The method for optimizing the surface residual stress of the metal member based on the electromagnetic induction heating and the surface rapid cooling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal workpiece is heated in stages in step S3.
5. The method for optimizing surface residual stress of a metal member based on electromagnetic induction heating and surface rapid cooling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the final heating temperature of the part in the step S4 is determined according to different metal member materials and the degree of the residual stress required to be optimized.
6. The method for optimizing surface residual stress of a metal member based on electromagnetic induction heating and surface rapid cooling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coolant in the step S5 is flowing.
7. The utility model provides a metalwork surface residual stress optimizes device based on electromagnetic induction heating and surperficial rapid cooling, characterized by includes stirring vane (5) in spiral pipe, the container filter screen (4) and the container, the one end of spiral pipe is protective gas air inlet (1), and survey in the spiral pipe and be equipped with a plurality of protective gas outlets (2), and the spiral pipe is equipped with stirring vane (5) in the container in as for filter screen (4) in the container, filter screen (4) below in the container.
CN202010794493.6A 2020-08-10 2020-08-10 Metal piece surface residual stress optimization method and device based on electromagnetic induction heating and surface rapid cooling Pending CN112080612A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112877520A (en) * 2021-01-14 2021-06-01 上海交通大学 Surface strengthening device and method for applying elastic stress field and deep cooling field to metal workpiece and assisting ultrasonic rolling
CN113930603A (en) * 2021-10-18 2022-01-14 一汽解放汽车有限公司 Method for prolonging fatigue life of frame longitudinal beam, longitudinal beam structure and heat treatment device
CN115165337A (en) * 2022-08-04 2022-10-11 浙江海骆航空科技有限公司 Turbine blade rotation thermal-mechanical fatigue test device and method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62238332A (en) * 1986-04-07 1987-10-19 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Manufacture of pipe
JP2002003933A (en) * 2000-06-14 2002-01-09 High Frequency Heattreat Co Ltd Hardening apparatus and hardening method
US20090183804A1 (en) * 2008-01-22 2009-07-23 Caterpillar Inc. Localized induction heating for residual stress optimization
CN110964898A (en) * 2019-12-20 2020-04-07 荆州环球汽车零部件制造有限公司 Induction quenching process for hardening alloy cast iron camshaft by using compressed air
CN111676351A (en) * 2020-07-29 2020-09-18 中国石油大学(华东) Heat treatment method for regulating residual stress by local temperature difference

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62238332A (en) * 1986-04-07 1987-10-19 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Manufacture of pipe
JP2002003933A (en) * 2000-06-14 2002-01-09 High Frequency Heattreat Co Ltd Hardening apparatus and hardening method
US20090183804A1 (en) * 2008-01-22 2009-07-23 Caterpillar Inc. Localized induction heating for residual stress optimization
CN110964898A (en) * 2019-12-20 2020-04-07 荆州环球汽车零部件制造有限公司 Induction quenching process for hardening alloy cast iron camshaft by using compressed air
CN111676351A (en) * 2020-07-29 2020-09-18 中国石油大学(华东) Heat treatment method for regulating residual stress by local temperature difference

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112877520A (en) * 2021-01-14 2021-06-01 上海交通大学 Surface strengthening device and method for applying elastic stress field and deep cooling field to metal workpiece and assisting ultrasonic rolling
CN112877520B (en) * 2021-01-14 2022-05-27 上海交通大学 Surface strengthening device and method for applying elastic stress field and deep cooling field to metal workpiece and assisting ultrasonic rolling
CN113930603A (en) * 2021-10-18 2022-01-14 一汽解放汽车有限公司 Method for prolonging fatigue life of frame longitudinal beam, longitudinal beam structure and heat treatment device
CN115165337A (en) * 2022-08-04 2022-10-11 浙江海骆航空科技有限公司 Turbine blade rotation thermal-mechanical fatigue test device and method
CN115165337B (en) * 2022-08-04 2024-05-24 浙江海骆航空科技有限公司 Turbine blade rotation thermal-mechanical fatigue test device and method

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