CN110987390A - Rotary fatigue test device and method for realizing turbine blade gradient temperature field - Google Patents
Rotary fatigue test device and method for realizing turbine blade gradient temperature field Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
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- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rotary fatigue test device and a method for realizing a turbine blade gradient temperature field, which comprises a high-speed rotary test bed, an electromagnetic induction power supply, an induction heating coil, a cooling cover, a cooling water pipe, a circulating water cooler, a thermocouple and a temperature display, wherein the high-speed rotary test bed is connected with the cooling water pipe; the method is characterized in that the electromagnetic induction heating principle of metal is utilized, the induction device in a reasonable design form is used for realizing local heating of the blade shroud of the turbine blade in a high-speed rotating state, after the local temperature of the blade shroud is increased, the temperature of a key checking part at the blade root is changed through heat conduction, and the current and the frequency of an induction heating coil are adjusted to realize accurate control of the temperature of the blade so as to meet the test requirements. Meanwhile, circulating water cooling devices are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the turbine disc to ensure that the blades and the turbine disc form a gradient temperature field; the strength of the turbine disk material in a high-speed rotation state is guaranteed to reach the standard, and low-cycle fatigue failure cannot occur before the blades. The method can be used for the rotary fatigue test of the gradient temperature field of the gas turbine blade of the aero-engine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rotary fatigue test device and method for realizing a gradient temperature field of a turbine blade of an aero-engine, and belongs to the field of high-temperature rotary fatigue tests of turbine blades of aero-engines.
Background
The aeroengine gas turbine rotor comprises a turbine disc, a turbine shaft, turbine blades and other parts, wherein the turbine blades are key parts for converting high-temperature gas into rotor mechanical energy. When the gas turbine works, the gas turbine is surrounded by frequently-changed high-temperature gas to generate temperature stress; and can bear huge centrifugal stress, aerodynamic force and vibration load caused by high-speed rotation. The harsh operating environment makes gas turbine blades one of the main components that determines the life of aircraft engines, and the structural strength of the turbine blades is important since failure of the blades in the event of failure can have extremely serious consequences.
The problem of low-cycle fatigue is caused by the fact that the aero-engine is started and stopped for many times during service, and the low-cycle fatigue test of the turbine blade at high temperature needs to be carried out in consideration of the high-temperature working state of the turbine blade. Aiming at the characteristic that high temperature and high centrifugal stress exist in the high-temperature low-cycle fatigue of the turbine blade, the current test methods mainly comprise three types: simulation test, test bed test and high-speed rotation test bed test. The main problems of the simulation test are: the simulation piece is difficult to design and has certain differences with the geometry, process and stress state of the real turbine rotor blade. The stress field and the temperature field of the blade can be accurately simulated by performing the hanging test on the engine test bed, but the blade needs to be uniformly arranged around the turbine disc during the test of the test bed, and after the single blade fails due to fatigue failure, the single blade collides with other blades in the casing to cause the failure of a large number of blades and damage the casing, so that the test process is complex, the test cost is huge, the failure influence factors of the blade in the test process are too many, and the high-temperature low-cycle fatigue mechanism is difficult to analyze specially. When a high-speed rotating test bed is utilized to carry out a high-temperature low-cycle rotating fatigue test of the blades in a laboratory, a few symmetrical blades can be arranged on the turbine disc, and balancing weights are added, so that the test cost is low, and the failure modes of the blades can be conveniently collected, detected and analyzed after the test. In order to simulate the high-temperature operating state of the blades, the entire gas turbine rotor needs to be placed in a high-temperature furnace, and the turbine disk and the blades need to be heated to the same temperature. However, when the turbine blade rotor actually works, a gradient temperature field exists when the temperature of the blade is high and the temperature of the turbine disk is low. Based on the gradient temperature field distribution characteristics, the material used by the actual turbine disk is different from the material used by the blades, the applicable temperature range of the turbine disk is smaller than the actual temperature of the blades, and if the turbine disk and the blades which are the same as the actual condition are used in the test, the condition that the low-cycle fatigue failure of the turbine disk occurs before the blades can possibly occur, so that the aim of checking the low-cycle fatigue life of the blades cannot be achieved, and the test failure is caused. If the turbine disk for the test is made of the same material as the blades, the turbine disk is not consistent with the real structure of the engine, the test cost is obviously increased, and the test period is prolonged.
Therefore, the gradient temperature field of the turbine blade rotor cannot be realized in the high-temperature low-cycle rotary fatigue test of the turbine rotor blade of the aeroengine at present, so that the test cost is huge, the test efficiency is low, and even the condition that a turbine disc fails in advance before the blade occurs can occur.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior test technology, the invention creatively provides a device and a method for testing the rotary fatigue of the gas turbine blade of the aircraft engine in the gradient temperature field, which can be used for realizing the gradient temperature distribution characteristic from the top of the blade to the blade root to the turbine disc by carrying out local induction heating at the blade shroud part of the blade. The basic principle of the invention is that the electromagnetic induction heating principle of metal is utilized, the induction device with a reasonable design is used for realizing the local heating of the blade shroud of the turbine blade in a high-speed rotation state, after the local temperature of the blade shroud is increased, the temperature of the key examination part at the blade root is changed through heat conduction, and the current and the frequency of the induction heating coil are adjusted to realize the accurate control of the temperature of the blade, so that the temperature of the blade meets the test requirements. Meanwhile, circulating water cooling devices are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the turbine disc, so that a gradient temperature field is formed by the blades and the turbine disc, the strength of the material of the turbine disc in a high-speed rotating state is guaranteed to reach the standard, and low-cycle fatigue failure cannot occur before the blades.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a rotary fatigue test device for realizing a turbine blade gradient temperature field comprises a high-speed rotary test bed, an electromagnetic induction power supply, an induction heating coil, a cooling cover, a cooling water pipe, a circulating water cooler, a thermocouple and a temperature display;
the high-speed rotation test bed comprises a test cavity, a motor, a speed increasing head, a core shaft, a turbine disc and turbine blades, wherein the test cavity is formed by enclosing a cover plate and a base; one end of the speed increasing head is connected with the motor, and the other end of the speed increasing head penetrates through the opening in the center of the cover plate to extend into the test cavity and is connected with the mandrel through a connecting piece; the turbine disc is arranged on the mandrel and is fixedly joggled with the turbine blades;
the outer ring of the turbine blade is provided with an annular induction heating coil with an opening; the annular induction heating coil with the opening is fixed through a bracket on the base and is connected with a variable frequency induction power supply outside the test cavity;
a cooling cover is arranged on the periphery of the turbine disc and is fixed in the test cavity through a supporting seat; a cooling water pipe is wound on the outer wall of the cooling cover and is connected with a circulating water cooler outside the test cavity;
thermocouples are arranged on the side wall of the turbine blade, the surface of the turbine disk and the cooling cover close to the turbine blade, and lead wires of the thermocouples are connected with a temperature display outside the test cavity.
Preferably, the distance between the annular induction heating coil with the opening and the top of the turbine blade is 1.8-5.8 mm, and preferably 1.8-3.8 mm.
Preferably, a through hole for the cooling water pipe to pass through is formed in the cover plate of the high-speed rotation test bed, and insulating glue is filled in the through hole.
Preferably, the annular induction heating coil with the opening comprises an upper induction copper pipe and a lower induction copper pipe which are wound into an annular shape of 4/5-5/6, and the double induction copper pipes are formed by winding one induction copper pipe back and forth; a U-shaped magnetic bundling device is arranged around the induction copper pipe, and the opening of the U-shaped magnetic bundling device is inward; the upper portion and the lower portion of the induction copper pipe are respectively provided with an insulating upper fixing plate and an insulating lower fixing plate, and the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate are fastened through bolts.
Preferably, a mounting hole is formed in a cover plate of the high-speed rotation test bed, an insulating flange is mounted at the mounting hole, a joint connected with an induction copper pipe in the induction heating coil is arranged on the insulating flange, and the variable-frequency induction power supply is connected with the joint of the induction copper pipe.
Preferably, the cooling cover comprises an upper cooling cover and a lower cooling cover, the upper cooling cover is sleeved on the periphery of the outer wall of the turbine disc above the turbine blades, and the lower cooling cover is sleeved on the periphery of the outer wall of the turbine disc below the turbine blades; the upper cooling cover and the lower cooling cover are respectively fixed in the test cavity through the supporting seat.
Preferably, the inner walls of the upper cooling cover and the lower cooling cover are parallel to the outer wall of the turbine disc, and the gap between the inner wall of the upper cooling cover and the outer wall of the turbine disc is 2-8mm, preferably 2-4 mm.
Preferably, the cooling cover and the cooling water pipe are made of copper.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the invention adopts the induction heating coil to heat the local position of the blade shroud, so that the local temperature is rapidly increased; under the action of heat conduction, heat expands towards the blade root and the turbine disk, and the temperature gradient field distribution characteristic of the whole rotor is fundamentally realized. The insulating flange on the cover plate ensures that the induction heating coil does not generate obvious induction heating effect on the cover plate when passing through the cover plate. The variable-frequency induction power source is provided with a current and power display, and the current and power change condition of the induction coil can be monitored; in the test, the induction frequency or the current can be adjusted, so that the temperature field of the local position of the blade is changed, and the temperature of the examined part of the blade is accurately controlled.
2) According to the invention, the cooling cover is sleeved on the outer wall of the turbine disc, the cooling cover is fixed in the test cavity and does not rotate along with the turbine disc, the copper pipe is wound on the copper cooling cover, and cold water is introduced into the copper cooling cover to take away heat radiated to the cooling cover by the turbine disc, so that the temperature of the turbine disc is reduced. The circulating water cooler can ensure that the cold water has enough flow velocity in the water pipe to take away enough heat by changing the pressure difference in the water pipe, and further ensures the gradient temperature field distribution characteristics of the turbine rotor.
3) The invention arranges a plurality of thermocouples for detecting the temperature of the typical positions of the turbine disk and the turbine blade as the detection parameters of the rotor gradient temperature field; because the thermocouples on the turbine disk and the turbine blades cannot rotate along with the turbine disk, the thermocouples are also arranged at the reference positions on the cooling cover, and the temperature on the turbine disk and the turbine blades can be regulated and controlled through the reference temperature values on the cooling cover in the test process through the relationship among the temperature values at different positions on the turbine disk, the turbine blades and the cooling cover, so that the stability of the temperature field in the test process is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a turbine blade gradient temperature field rotary fatigue test device;
FIG. 2(a) is a schematic view of an induction heating coil structure;
FIG. 2(b) is a schematic view of an induction heating coil;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the cooling jacket and the cooling water pipe;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of thermocouple placement locations;
FIG. 5 is a graph of temperature and rotational speed changes during a blade rotational fatigue test;
FIG. 6 is a temperature field distribution diagram of a blade shroud after local heating;
in the figure, 1, a vacuum cavity cover plate, 2, a small supporting base, 3, a large supporting base, 4, a small mounting ring, 5, a turbine blade, 6, a large mounting ring, 7, a thermocouple lead, 8 thermocouples, 9, a fixing support, 10, an acceleration head, 11, a flexible shaft, 12, a turbine disc, 13, a cooling water pipe, 14, a cooling cover, 15, an induction heating coil, 16, an induction coil lead, 17, a temperature display, 18, a variable frequency induction power supply, 19, a circulating water cooler, 20, a fixing nut, 21, an insulating flange, 22, an induction copper pipe, 23, an insulating fixing plate, 24, a magnetic bundling device, 25, an upper cooling cover, 26, a lower cooling cover, 27, a tester base, 28 and a mandrel are switched.
Detailed Description
The invention designs a device for realizing a turbine blade rotor gradient temperature field rotation fatigue test based on an induction heating principle and a water cooling principle. The induction heating coil, the variable-frequency induction power supply, the circulating water cooler, the cooling cover and the cooling water pipe form a heating and cooling system, and the thermocouple and the temperature display form a temperature monitoring system. A through hole for connecting an induction heating coil and a cooling water pipe is reserved on a vacuum cavity cover plate of the high-speed rotation test bed, the induction heating coil is designed to be provided with an open annular loop for heating a blade shroud of the turbine blade, and the blade shroud is connected with an extraluminal variable-frequency induction power supply through an insulating flange on the cover plate. The cooling water pipe is connected with the water cooling machine outside the cavity through the through hole, and the through hole is filled with insulating glue to prevent air leakage. According to different test requirements, the thermocouples are arranged at different positions, led out of the test cavity through thermocouple leads and connected to a temperature display. The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in FIG. 1, the rotary fatigue test device for realizing the gradient temperature field of the gas turbine blade of the aircraft engine mainly comprises an induction heating coil 15, a cooling cover 14, a thermocouple 8 and a lead thereof, a variable frequency induction power supply 18, a water cooling machine 19, a temperature display meter 17, a turbine disc 12 and the turbine blade 5.
The cover plate 1 and the tester base 27 enclose a test cavity, and the test cavity is vacuumized to form a vacuum cavity in the test process; the tester base is a cylinder, the cross section of the tester base is a circular ring, and the large mounting ring 6 is detachably mounted on the bottom surface of the large support base 3 through a screw; the top surface of the large supporting base 3 is mounted on the vacuum cavity cover plate 1 through screws; and a rubber ring is arranged between the vacuum cavity cover plate and the tester base to ensure the sealing effect. The speed-increasing head 10 penetrates through an opening in the center of the vacuum cavity cover plate to extend into the test cavity and is connected with the switching mandrel 28 through the flexible shaft 11; the turbine disc is arranged on the mandrel and is fixedly joggled with the turbine blades;
the periphery of the turbine blade is provided with an induction heating coil 15, the large mounting ring is provided with a fixing support 9, and the induction heating coil 15 is mounted on the fixing support 9 and is consistent with the mounting height of the turbine blade. The lead of the induction heating coil 15 passes through the vacuum cavity cover plate to be connected with an external variable frequency induction power supply 18, the power is supplied by 220V voltage, the heating power can reach 48kW, and the temperature of the local area at the top of the blade can be rapidly increased from room temperature to above 800 ℃.
A cooling cover is sleeved on the periphery of the outer wall of the turbine disc and is fixed in the test cavity through a supporting seat; a cooling water pipe is wound on the outer wall of the cooling cover; the cooling cover 14 and the cooling water pipe 13 are made of copper and welded together, and are fixed in a test cavity of the rotary test bed through screws, the small support base 2, the small mounting ring 4 and the large mounting ring 6. The cooling water pipe is led out through a hole on the cover plate of the vacuum cavity and is connected with an external circulating water cooler 19, so that a cooling water loop is formed. And a thermocouple 8 is welded on the side wall of the blade root of the turbine blade and the side wall of the cooling cover and used for monitoring temperature changes at different positions in the induction heating process, and a thermocouple lead 7 penetrates through the vacuum cavity cover plate and is connected with a temperature display outside the test cavity.
The outside of the high-speed rotating test bed is provided with a variable frequency induction power supply 18, a circulating water cooler 19 and a temperature display 17. The temperature display 17 is used for displaying the temperatures of different positions measured by a plurality of thermocouples in real time and outputting 4-20mV voltage signals. The frequency conversion induction power supply 18 can adjust the heating effect by changing the power, and can detect the temperature change in real time after being connected to the temperature display 17 to output a voltage signal, so as to realize the automatic control of the power. The circulation water cooler 19 adjusts the cooling capacity of the cooling jacket by controlling the flow rate of the circulation water.
As the preferred embodiment of the invention, the cover plate of the vacuum cavity is provided with a through hole for the cooling water pipe to pass through, and the through hole is filled with insulating glue to prevent air leakage.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 2(a), the annular induction heating coil with the opening comprises a double-layer induction copper pipe wound into an annular shape of 4/5-5/6, wherein the opening is convenient for arranging and observing a thermocouple on a blade, the thermocouple is difficult to install and test due to the small opening, and the overall heating efficiency of the coil is reduced due to the large opening. The double-layer copper pipe is formed by winding a copper pipe back and forth, and a U-shaped magnetic restraining device with an inward opening is arranged around the copper pipe; the double-layer copper tube and the U-shaped magnetic beam device can ensure that a generated magnetic field is concentrated at the local position of the copper tube, the magnetic field can only be heated to the blade top crown and cannot heat the whole turbine disc, the local magnetic field is distributed as shown in figure 2(b), and no magnetic field exists in the center of the coil. The upper portion and the lower portion of the induction copper pipe are respectively provided with an insulating upper fixing plate and an insulating lower fixing plate, and the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate are fastened through bolts. The insulating flange connected with the induction copper pipe is used for being installed at a mounting hole on the vacuum cavity cover plate, and a joint connected with the induction copper pipe in the induction heating coil is arranged on the insulating flange and is connected with a variable-frequency induction power supply outside the test cavity through a fixing nut.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the cooling cover comprises an upper cooling cover 25 and a lower cooling cover 26, the upper cooling cover is sleeved on the periphery of the outer wall of the turbine disk above the turbine blades, the lower cooling cover is sleeved on the periphery of the outer wall of the turbine disk below the turbine blades, the upper cooling cover and the lower cooling cover are respectively fixed in the test cavity through a small mounting ring 4 and a large mounting ring 6, and the small mounting ring is connected with the vacuum cavity cover plate through a small support base 2; the inner walls of the upper cooling cover and the lower cooling cover are parallel to the outer wall of the turbine disc, the upper cooling cover and the lower cooling cover are made of copper, and a gap between the upper cooling cover and the outer wall of the turbine disc is 2-8 mm; and cooling water pipes 13 are uniformly arranged on the outer walls of the upper cooling cover and the lower cooling cover, and the cooling water pipes are made of copper.
The gradient temperature field rotary fatigue test method based on the induction heating and circulating water cooling principle, which is realized by the device, comprises the following steps:
1) the structure and the size of the induction heating coil and the cooling cover are determined according to the size of the turbine disc with the blades, the distance between the induction coil and the top of the blades is 2mm, and the distance between the surface of the cooling cover and the surface of the turbine disc is 4 mm. The induction coil is designed into an 4/5 circular ring and is coated with the magnetic bundling device 24 on the induction copper pipe, as shown in fig. 2, so as to ensure that the magnetic induction lines can only heat the local position of the top end of the blade; the insulating flange 21 is designed to prevent the induction coil from heating the vacuum chamber cover plate; the insulating fixing plate 23 is designed to ensure the roundness of the induction coil.
2) A plurality of thermocouples were welded to different portions of the blade and the turbine disk, respectively, as shown in fig. 4. The top of the blade, the middle of the blade and the root of the blade are respectively provided with a thermocouple, and the mortise and the web of the turbine disk are respectively provided with a thermocouple. And welding a thermocouple on the cooling cover as a reference thermocouple.
3) The turbine disc with the blades is installed on a mandrel of the test bed, the induction coil and the cooling cover are fixed inside the test cavity, the gap is adjusted, the relative positions of the induction coil and the cooling cover are reasonable, and the installation height of the induction coil is consistent with that of the turbine blades.
4) And respectively leading out the thermocouple lead 7, the cooling water pipe 13 and the induction heating coil 15 to an external temperature display 17, a circulating water cooler 19 and a variable frequency induction power supply 18 through a vacuum cavity cover plate, and performing vacuum sealing work at corresponding positions of the vacuum cavity cover plate.
5) And starting the variable frequency induction power supply and the circulating water cooler, and observing the temperature measurement result of the thermocouple on the temperature display. If the temperature of the turbine blade is too low, the induced current is increased, if the temperature of the turbine disk is too high, the flow of the cooling water is increased, and when the temperature of the examined part reaches the target temperature, the temperatures of the blade, the turbine disk and the reference position are recorded.
6) Stopping heating, taking down thermocouples on the turbine blade and the turbine disc, reserving the reference position thermocouples on the cooling cover, starting the high-speed rotating test bed, and enabling the reference position temperature to reach the standard by adjusting the current/power of the variable frequency induction power supply and the flow rate of cooling water in the high-speed rotating state of the turbine blade.
7) The temperature is guaranteed to be unchanged, a rotary fatigue test is formally started, the fatigue test is finished after the target cycle number is reached or a sample is damaged, a variable frequency induction power supply and a circulating water chiller are turned off, the temperature and rotating speed change curve in the test process is shown in figure 5, wherein a dotted line represents the temperature value of a reference position on a cooling cover, a solid line represents the rotating speed of a turbine disc, the temperature value of the reference position is in a stable state after reaching the target temperature, the fatigue test is started, a control speed increasing head is accelerated and then stabilized, the speed is reduced again, the turbine disc stops rotating after the fatigue test is finished, and the reference position starts to be cooled until the reference position reaches the normal temperature state after the variable frequency induction power.
In the invention, the test blade material is DZ125 high-temperature alloy, the working temperature can reach more than 1000 ℃, and the turbine disk material is GH4169, and the normal working temperature is below 650 ℃. FIG. 6 shows the temperature field distribution from the bucket tip to the bucket dovetail location after induction heating of the bucket tip and cooling of the turbine disk with circulating water. As can be seen from FIG. 6, under the heating and cooling device of the invention, the blade forms a remarkable gradient temperature field along with the height of the blade body, and the temperature below the edge plate, especially the temperature of the tenon area is remarkably reduced to be below 600 ℃, so that the temperature of the connection part of the mortise and the tenon of the turbine disc and the temperatures of the auxiliary plate and the mandrel meet the use requirement of a material GH 4169.
Claims (10)
1. A rotary fatigue test device for realizing a turbine blade gradient temperature field is characterized by comprising a high-speed rotary test bed, an electromagnetic induction power supply, an induction heating coil, a cooling cover, a cooling water pipe, a circulating water cooler, a thermocouple and a temperature display;
the high-speed rotation test bed comprises a test cavity, a motor, a speed increasing head, a core shaft, a turbine disc and turbine blades, wherein the test cavity is formed by enclosing a cover plate and a base; one end of the speed increasing head is connected with the motor, and the other end of the speed increasing head penetrates through the opening in the center of the cover plate to extend into the test cavity and is connected with the mandrel through a connecting piece; the turbine disc is arranged on the mandrel and is fixedly joggled with the turbine blades;
the outer ring of the turbine blade is provided with an annular induction heating coil with an opening; the annular induction heating coil with the opening is fixed through a bracket on the base and is connected with a variable frequency induction power supply outside the test cavity;
a cooling cover is arranged on the periphery of the turbine disc and is fixed in the test cavity through a supporting seat; a cooling water pipe is wound on the outer wall of the cooling cover and is connected with a circulating water cooler outside the test cavity;
thermocouples are arranged on the side wall of the turbine blade, the surface of the turbine disk and the cooling cover close to the turbine blade, and lead wires of the thermocouples are connected with a temperature display outside the test cavity.
2. The rotary fatigue testing apparatus for realizing turbine blade gradient temperature field according to claim 1, wherein the distance from the ring-shaped induction heating coil with the opening to the top of the turbine blade is 1.8-5.8 mm.
3. The rotary fatigue testing device for realizing the gradient temperature field of the turbine blade as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cover plate of the high-speed rotary testing table is provided with a through hole for the cooling water pipe to pass through, and the through hole is filled with insulating glue.
4. The rotary fatigue testing device for realizing the gradient temperature field of the turbine blade as claimed in claim 1, wherein the annular induction heating coil with the opening comprises an upper and a lower double-layer induction copper pipes wound into an annular shape of 4/5-5/6, and the double-layer induction copper pipe is formed by winding one induction copper pipe back and forth; a U-shaped magnetic bundling device is arranged around the induction copper pipe, and the opening of the U-shaped magnetic bundling device is inward; the upper portion and the lower portion of the induction copper pipe are respectively provided with an insulating upper fixing plate and an insulating lower fixing plate, and the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate are fastened through bolts.
5. The rotary fatigue testing device for realizing the gradient temperature field of the turbine blade as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cover plate of the high-speed rotary testing platform is provided with a mounting hole, an insulating flange is mounted at the mounting hole, a joint for connecting an induction copper pipe in the induction heating coil is arranged on the insulating flange, and the variable-frequency induction power supply is connected with the joint of the induction copper pipe.
6. The rotary fatigue testing device for realizing the gradient temperature field of the turbine blade as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cooling cover comprises an upper cooling cover and a lower cooling cover, the upper cooling cover is sleeved on the periphery of the outer wall of the turbine disk above the turbine blade, and the lower cooling cover is sleeved on the periphery of the outer wall of the turbine disk below the turbine blade; the upper cooling cover and the lower cooling cover are respectively fixed in the test cavity through the supporting seat.
7. The rotary fatigue testing device for realizing the gradient temperature field of the turbine blade as claimed in claim 6, wherein the inner walls of the upper cooling cover and the lower cooling cover are parallel to the outer wall of the turbine disc, and the gap between the inner walls of the upper cooling cover and the lower cooling cover and the outer wall of the turbine disc is 2-8 mm.
8. The rotary fatigue testing apparatus for realizing the gradient temperature field of the turbine blade as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of the cooling cover and the cooling water pipe is copper.
9. A rotary fatigue test method for realizing a turbine blade gradient temperature field by using the rotary fatigue test device of claim 4, characterized by comprising the steps of:
1) designing an induction heating coil, determining the distance from the induction coil to the top of the turbine blade to be 1.8-5.8 mm, and arranging a beam magnetic device in the induction coil;
2) designing a cooling cover according to the structure of the turbine disc, determining that the surface of the cooling cover is parallel to the surface of the turbine disc, and setting a gap between the inner wall of the cooling cover and the outer wall of the turbine disc to be 2-8 mm; uniformly winding cooling water pipes on the cooling cover;
3) fixing a turbine disc with blades, a cooling cover and an induction coil in a test cavity of a high-speed rotating test bed, wherein the installation height of the induction coil is consistent with that of the turbine blades; a hole is formed in a cover plate of the high-speed rotating test bed, an insulating flange is installed on the cover plate, an induction copper pipe of the induction coil is led out, a connector of the induction copper pipe is arranged on the insulating flange, and the connector is connected to a variable-frequency induction power supply; a hole is formed in the cover plate, and the cooling water pipe is connected to the circulating water cooling machine;
4) thermocouples are arranged on the side wall of the turbine blade and the surfaces of the turbine disc and the cooling cover close to the turbine blade, wherein the temperature values of the thermocouples on the turbine blade and the turbine disc are used as values to be measured, and the temperature values of the thermocouples on the cooling cover are used as reference values; under the static state of the turbine disc, the heating and cooling efficiency is adjusted by changing the parameters of the variable frequency induction power supply and the flow of the circulating water cooler, so that the temperature values of the turbine blades and the thermocouples on the turbine disc meet the test requirements; measuring the correlation among the temperature values of the thermocouples, and recording the working parameters of the variable frequency induction power supply and the circulating water chiller;
5) keeping the parameters of the variable frequency induction power supply and the circulating water cooler unchanged, taking down thermocouples arranged on the turbine disc and the turbine blades, vacuumizing a test cavity, and starting a test bed to enable the rotor to rotate at a high speed; in the process of stable rotation of the rotor, recording the temperature value of a thermocouple on the cooling cover, comparing the temperature value with the temperature value of the same reference position in a static state, and if the difference exists, finely adjusting the working parameters of the variable frequency induction power supply and the circulating water cooler to enable the working parameters to be the same;
6) recording corresponding test parameters, formally developing a rotary fatigue test of the turbine blade under a gradient temperature field, and turning off the variable frequency induction power supply and the circulating water chiller after reaching a specific cycle number or the blade fails.
10. The method for rotational fatigue testing of achievement of a turbine blade gradient temperature field of claim 9, wherein the cooling jackets comprise an upper cooling jacket and a lower cooling jacket, the upper cooling jacket is sleeved on the outer wall of the turbine disk above the turbine blades, and the lower cooling jacket is sleeved on the outer wall of the turbine disk below the turbine blades; the upper cooling cover and the lower cooling cover are respectively fixed in the test cavity through the supporting seat.
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