CN106855486B - Rotary air film cooling type temperature gradient thermo-mechanical fatigue test system - Google Patents

Rotary air film cooling type temperature gradient thermo-mechanical fatigue test system Download PDF

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CN106855486B
CN106855486B CN201710036918.5A CN201710036918A CN106855486B CN 106855486 B CN106855486 B CN 106855486B CN 201710036918 A CN201710036918 A CN 201710036918A CN 106855486 B CN106855486 B CN 106855486B
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test piece
subsystem
clamp
air
test
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CN106855486A (en
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温志勋
张旭辉
吴云伍
童文伟
岳珠峰
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/60Investigating resistance of materials, e.g. refractory materials, to rapid heat changes

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Abstract

The invention discloses a rotary air film cooling type temperature gradient thermo-mechanical fatigue test system, which comprises: the loading subsystem, the heating subsystem, the power subsystem, the air cooling subsystem and the control subsystem enable the test piece to generate an air film cooling temperature gradient field through friction with air under the rotating working condition of the test piece by improving the existing test instrument, ensure that the test piece rotates and bear a single-axis tensile load, well solve the difficulty of simulating the test environment of the test piece temperature gradient field, and have the advantages of simple and feasible operation method and low cost. The rotating test piece improves the traditional thermal mechanical fatigue test system, truly reproduces the air film cooling temperature gradient field under the working state of the blade, ensures that the thermal mechanical fatigue test of the turbine blade of the aeroengine is smoothly carried out, and provides technical foundation and safety guarantee for the safe and reliable work of the aeroengine.

Description

Rotary air film cooling type temperature gradient thermo-mechanical fatigue test system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aerospace engine tests, relates to a thermal mechanical fatigue test system for single crystal turbine blades of an aerospace engine, and particularly relates to a rotary air film cooling type temperature gradient thermal mechanical fatigue test system capable of simulating a temperature gradient service environment of single crystal turbine blades.
Background
Single crystal turbine blade thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) performance is one of the important performance indicators reflecting aeroengines and is an important factor affecting the service life of turbine blades. The blade service process and air friction generate a gas film cooling temperature gradient field in the blade structure, and the temperature gradient field changes along with the working state of the engine, so that various mechanical properties of the turbine blade are directly influenced, and even materials are damaged. In the laboratory environment, in order to ensure the accuracy of the test, the same air film cooling temperature gradient field in the service of the test piece must be truly reproduced, and the test result has reality in the environment.
In the existing domestic temperature gradient control system, a quartz tube is commonly used for infrared radiation heating, the method is simple and feasible and low in cost, but the system is small in driving power, large in thermal inertia and poor in controllability of a temperature field. The heating system in the patent 201110460131.4 is composed of a high-frequency induction heating furnace and an induction heating coil, adopts a double-tube split-half structure, and forms a required temperature gradient by changing the shape of the heating coil and the distance from turbine blades by using cooling water in a copper tube. In the invention patent 201210051835.0, a multi-path high-energy beam structure is utilized to heat and scan according to a set track and output power, and the scanning track and the output power are adjusted in real time through temperature feedback to form a temperature gradient field. However, the temperature control system has high cost, complex process and poor cooling effect, special test instruments are needed to be purchased, special people monitor the test process, the temperature controllability is poor, the temperature field cannot reach the accurate expected effect, and the test measurement is not easy. In particular, the existing test equipment cannot truly reproduce a film-cooled temperature gradient field generated by rotation and air friction of a test piece. Therefore, the thermal engine fatigue of the test piece under the working condition of the simulated rotation test is ensured to be in a temperature gradient environment under service, and the test piece is an important problem to be solved in the study of cooling the single crystal turbine blade.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a rotary air film cooling type temperature gradient thermo-mechanical fatigue test system, which improves the existing test instrument, so that an air film cooling temperature gradient field is generated by friction with air under the rotating working condition of a test piece, the rotation of the test piece is ensured, the uniaxial tensile load is born, the difficulty of simulating the test environment of the test piece temperature gradient field is better solved, the operation method is simple and easy, and the cost is low. The rotating test piece improves the traditional thermal mechanical fatigue test system, truly reproduces the air film cooling temperature gradient field under the working state of the blade, ensures that the thermal mechanical fatigue test of the turbine blade of the aeroengine is smoothly carried out, and provides technical foundation and safety guarantee for the safe and reliable work of the aeroengine.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a rotary gas film cooled temperature gradient thermo-mechanical fatigue test system comprising: the device comprises a loading subsystem, a heating subsystem, a power subsystem, an air cooling subsystem and a control subsystem, and is characterized in that the loading subsystem comprises a chuck, the chuck is connected with a clamp through a thrust bearing, and the clamp is connected with a test piece bolt and a test piece connecting key; the heating subsystem is horizontally arranged at the part of the test piece and surrounds the test piece to heat the test piece; the power subsystem controls the gear to rotate through the motor, and the linkage gear is connected with the lower end clamp in an inscribed manner to drive the lower end clamp to rotate; the air cooling subsystem provides cooling air flow through an air compressor, is connected with the upper hollow chuck through an air duct, and flows out after passing through the upper chuck, the test piece, the lower chuck and the lower chuck; the control subsystem consists of a load controller, a rotameter, a thermocouple and a normally closed electromagnetic valve, and is connected with the loading subsystem, the air cooling subsystem and the heating subsystem through cables. The invention can be used for thermal mechanical fatigue test to truly reproduce the air film cooling temperature gradient field generated by friction between a test piece and air.
Further, the loading subsystem is composed of a fatigue testing machine, a high temperature resistant clamp and a thrust bearing, and is used for providing mechanical load required by the thermo-mechanical fatigue test. The test piece is connected with the high-temperature clamp through bolts, and the test piece connecting key is added for fixing, so that the bolts are prevented from sliding in the rotating process. The fixture is internally connected and fixed on the inner shaft of the thrust bearing, the self-designed thrust bearing sleeve fixes the bearing on the clamping head of the testing machine through rivets, the fatigue testing machine and the thrust bearing are hollow structures, and the fixture is made of heat-resistant alloy die steel.
Further, the heating subsystem is an electromagnetic induction heating system and is used for providing a thermal mechanical fatigue test temperature field. The induction current is generated in the conductor through alternating current, so that the conductor heats, the graphite ring is arranged inside the electromagnetic coil, and heat generated by the coil is transferred to a test piece through the graphite ring, so that the uniformity of heat radiation is ensured. The electromagnetic induction equipment is purchased in the market, and simulation of a test piece temperature field is realized by adjusting input power.
Further, the power subsystem consists of a motor and a gear linkage system and is used for providing system rotation power. The lower end clamp and the motor are connected through the gear linkage system, the clamp is internally connected with the gear, the clamp is driven to rotate through the gear, and controllable constant rotation speed is provided for the clamp and the test piece, so that a temperature field generated by friction between the test piece and air is simulated.
Further, the air cooling subsystem consists of an air compressor, a pressure reducing and stabilizing valve, a rotameter, an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe which are connected with each other through pipelines and used for providing cooling air flow required by the thermal mechanical fatigue test. Controlling the air flow through a rotameter; in the system, the clamping head, the clamp, the test piece and the thrust bearing are all hollow structures, so that cooling air flow smoothly passes through the whole system, and forced cooling inside the test piece is ensured.
Further, the control subsystem consists of a load controller, a rotameter, a thermocouple and a normally closed electromagnetic valve, and is connected through a cable and used for synchronously controlling the tensile load, the cooling rate and the heating rate of the system, and is commercially available. The load controller is equipped by the existing fatigue testing machine, can input mechanical load waveform, control the input load; the rotameter adjusts the cooling rate of the system by controlling the flow of the cooling air flow; the normally closed electromagnetic valve controls the heating rate of the system through an on/off signal and a thermocouple point signal.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the existing test equipment is improved, a high-temperature clamp is designed to be of a hollow structure, cooling air is introduced, and a film cooling temperature gradient field is simulated; the thermocouple channels are connected through the sliding blocks, so that the difficulty in measuring the temperature of the inner wall of the rotary test piece is solved; the thrust bearings at the two ends of the clamp are connected through the self-designed bearing sleeve, so that the mechanical load of the testing machine can be reliably transmitted, and the rotation of the clamp can be ensured to be mechanically connected with the testing machine; the rotating speed of the clamp is controlled by controlling the output power of the motor, the air compressor controls the cooling air flow, the electromagnetic heating system controls the test temperature field, and the thermal mechanical fatigue test of the test piece under the rotating working condition is realized. The test equipment has simple manufacturing process, low cost and high feasibility.
2. The air compressor is adopted to provide cooling air flow, the rotor flowmeter controls air flow, the cooling air flow of the test piece can be accurately controlled, the cooling efficiency is high, the temperature field can be greatly adjusted, the thermocouple channel at the end part of the clamp is convenient for measuring the internal temperature of the test piece, and the whole test system has high controllability on the temperature field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal mechanical fatigue testing machine according to the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a thrust bearing structure according to the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the thrust bearing inner shaft structure of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the thrust bearing outer shaft structure of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a bearing housing of a thrust bearing according to the present invention
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of the test piece and the clamp according to the present invention
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a partial structure of a test piece and a clamp according to the present invention
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic heating system according to the present invention
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a chuck according to the present invention
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the partial structure of FIG. 9
The symbols in the drawings are as follows:
1: fatigue testing machine base 18: thrust bearing inner shaft
2: lower cooling air duct 19: thrust bearing outer shaft
3: motor 20: self-designed bearing sleeve
4: lower chuck 21: test piece
5: lower thrust bearing 22: test piece thread
6: gear linkage system 23: test piece hole
7: lower attachment jig gear 24: test piece connecting key
8: lower clamp 25: self-designing locking member lower threads
9: the lower self-design locking ring 26: self-designed locking piece connecting key
10: electromagnetic heating coil 27: self-designing locking member upper threads
11: externally connected with an electromagnetic heating system 28: clamp connecting key
12: measuring the test piece outer wall thermocouple 29: thread on clamp
13: upper self-designed locking ring 30: inner wall thermocouple
14: graphite ring 31: upper cooling air duct
15: upper clamp 32: sliding block thermocouple
16: upper thrust bearing 33: sliding block
17: upper chuck 34: slide way
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the technical scheme adopted by the rotatable hollow air-cooled temperature gradient test system for simulating the place where the temperature gradient is generated by the rotation of a test piece and the friction of air is further described by referring to the attached drawings. The structure of the thermal mechanical fatigue tester is shown in fig. 1.
Under test conditions, the mechanical load of the test piece thermal mechanical fatigue test system is generated by a fatigue tester, the upper clamping heads 4 and the lower clamping heads 17 are controlled by a loading system to apply tensile load, the tensile load is transmitted to the test piece 21 through the high-temperature-resistant upper clamping heads 15 and the high-temperature-resistant lower clamping heads 8, and the load type is controlled by a load spectrum of the thermal mechanical fatigue test machine. The upper and lower chucks 4, 17 are internally connected with the upper and lower thrust bearings 5, 16 and are connected with a test piece connecting key 24 through an inner buckle. The upper and lower thrust bearings 5, 16 are fixed to the upper and lower chucks 4, 17 by rivets through self-designed bearing sleeves 20.
The test piece and the clamp are shown in fig. 3. The self-design locking piece is connected with the upper thread 29 of the clamp through the lower thread 25 of the self-design locking piece, and the connecting key is added to be fixed with the connecting key 26 of the self-design locking piece and the connecting key 28 of the clamp, so that the clamp is prevented from loosening due to rotation; the test piece thread 22 is connected with the self-design locking piece upper thread 27, and a connecting key is added at the test piece connecting key 24 and the self-design locking piece connecting key 26 to prevent the clamp from loosening due to rotation. The system rotation power is generated by the motor 3, the lower clamp 8 is driven to rotate through the gear linkage system 6 and the lower connecting clamp gear 7, so that the test piece 21 and the upper clamp 15 rotate, the upper end and the lower end of the clamp are fixed by using the thrust bearings 5 and 16, the rotation of the clamps 8 and 15 and the test piece 21 is ensured, the clamps and the chucks 4 and 17 are effectively connected, and the tensile load spectrum of the loading system is well transferred.
The high system temperature is provided by an electromagnetic induction heating system, as shown in fig. 4. Under test conditions, the thermal induction coil 10 is connected to an electromagnetic induction heating system through the cable 9, the thermal induction coil 10 and the graphite ring 14 encircle the test piece 21, the simulation of the high-temperature test environment of the test piece is realized by adjusting input power, a constant temperature field is ensured, and the high Wen Jichu is laid for simulating a temperature gradient field.
The system cooling air flow is provided by an air compressor and a pressure reducing and stabilizing valve, the test clamp head, the clamp and the test piece are all designed into a hollow structure, cooling air enters through an upper cooling air conduit 31 and flows out through a lower cooling air conduit 2 after passing through an upper clamp head 17, an upper clamp 15, the test piece 21, a lower clamp 6 and a lower clamp head 4, cooling air flow is controlled through a rotameter, forced cooling inside the test piece is ensured, temperature difference exists between the inner wall and the outer wall of the test piece, and a temperature gradient field is generated.
As shown in FIG. 5, the inner wall thermocouple 30 for measuring the temperature inside the test piece is connected with the slider thermocouple at the upper part of the slider through the slider 33 and the slide way 34 through the metal sheet, so that stable electric signals are transmitted under the rotation condition.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims (4)

1. A rotary gas film cooled temperature gradient thermo-mechanical fatigue test system comprising: the device comprises a loading subsystem, a heating subsystem, a power subsystem, an air cooling subsystem and a control subsystem, and is characterized in that the loading subsystem comprises a chuck, the chuck is connected with a clamp through a thrust bearing, and the clamp is connected with a test piece bolt through a key; the heating subsystem is horizontally arranged at the part of the test piece and surrounds the test piece to heat the test piece; the power subsystem controls the gear to rotate through the motor, and the gear is connected with the lower end clamp in an inscribed manner to drive the lower end clamp to rotate; the air cooling subsystem provides cooling air flow through an air compressor, is connected with the upper hollow chuck through an air duct, and flows out after passing through the upper chuck, the upper clamp, the test piece, the lower clamp and the lower chuck; the control subsystem consists of a load controller, a rotameter, a thermocouple and a normally closed electromagnetic valve, and is connected with the loading subsystem, the air cooling subsystem and the heating subsystem through cables;
the loading subsystem comprises a fatigue testing machine, a high-temperature-resistant clamp and a thrust bearing and is used for providing mechanical load required by a thermal mechanical fatigue test; the test piece is connected with the high-temperature clamp through bolts, and a test piece connecting key is added for fixing, so that the bolts are prevented from sliding in the rotating process; the fixture is internally connected and fixed on the inner shaft of the thrust bearing, the self-designed thrust bearing sleeve fixes the bearing on the chuck of the testing machine through rivets, the thrust bearing is of a hollow structure, and the fixture is made of heat-resistant alloy die steel;
the heating subsystem is an electromagnetic induction heating system and is used for providing a thermal mechanical fatigue test temperature field; the induction current is generated in the conductor through alternating current, so that the conductor heats, the graphite ring is arranged inside the electromagnetic coil, and heat generated by the coil is transferred to a test piece through the graphite ring, so that the uniformity of heat radiation is ensured.
2. The rotary gas film cooled temperature gradient thermo-mechanical fatigue test system according to claim 1, wherein the power subsystem comprises a motor, a gear linkage system, and a controller, wherein the motor, the gear linkage system and the controller are used for providing system rotation power; the lower end clamp and the motor are connected through the gear linkage system, the clamp is internally connected with the gear, the clamp is driven to rotate through the gear, and controllable constant rotation speed is provided for the clamp and the test piece, so that a temperature field generated by friction between the test piece and air is simulated.
3. The rotary air film cooled temperature gradient thermo-mechanical fatigue test system according to claim 1, wherein the air cooling subsystem comprises an air compressor, a pressure reducing and stabilizing valve, a rotameter, an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, which are connected with each other through pipelines and are used for providing cooling air flow required by the thermo-mechanical fatigue test; controlling the air flow through a rotameter; in the system, the clamping head, the clamp, the test piece and the thrust bearing are all hollow structures, so that cooling air flow smoothly passes through the whole system, and forced cooling inside the test piece is ensured.
4. The rotary gas film cooled temperature gradient thermo-mechanical fatigue test system according to claim 1, wherein the control subsystem comprises a load controller, a rotameter, a thermocouple and a normally closed solenoid valve connected by a cable for synchronously controlling the tensile load, cooling rate and heating rate of the system; the load controller is equipped by the existing fatigue testing machine, can input mechanical load waveform, control the input load; the rotameter adjusts the cooling rate of the system by controlling the flow of the cooling air flow; the normally closed electromagnetic valve controls the heating rate of the system through an on/off signal and a thermocouple point signal.
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CN108458860B (en) * 2018-01-23 2019-10-01 沈阳航空航天大学 A kind of turbo blade thermal mechanical fatigue pilot system
CN108717026A (en) * 2018-06-19 2018-10-30 北京航空航天大学 A kind of small-sized piezoelectric ceramic driving in situ fatigue test machine considering temperature gradient
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