CN111965203A - Micro-crack in-situ detection device based on micro-nano CT - Google Patents
Micro-crack in-situ detection device based on micro-nano CT Download PDFInfo
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- CN111965203A CN111965203A CN202010639738.8A CN202010639738A CN111965203A CN 111965203 A CN111965203 A CN 111965203A CN 202010639738 A CN202010639738 A CN 202010639738A CN 111965203 A CN111965203 A CN 111965203A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
- G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of nondestructive testing, and provides a micro-crack in-situ testing device based on micro-nano CT. The device generates larger loading force after loading, so that the micro-crack in the metal sample overcomes the closing effect, the opening purpose is achieved, and the micro-crack detection is realized by combining the micro-nano CT. The device is small in size and convenient to operate, an internal closed loop of loading force is formed by mutual matching of all parts, and the influence of non-detection materials on a transmission path of rays between a ray source and a detector is avoided by the aid of the hollow frame structure design of the support cover when sufficient structural rigidity is ensured; the device can independently realize the rotation of the sample, thereby avoiding complex mechanical systems during detection; in the detection, three-dimensional data of the projection image is reconstructed by adopting VGstudio software, and the data is efficiently processed by adopting Avizo software to obtain three-dimensional characteristics of the microcracks. The method comprehensively considers the detection difficulty of the microcracks and the technical characteristics and advantages of the micro-nano CT, and realizes the detection of the in-situ micron-sized cracks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive testing, in particular to a micro-crack in-situ detection device based on micro-nano CT.
Background
The operating conditions of aerospace equipment, including aircraft and engines, are extremely harsh and complex at high temperatures, high speeds, corrosive environments and complex alternating loads. Military aircraft require stealth, strong maneuverability, close combat and all-weather fighting capability; civil aircraft require safety, reliability, economy, etc.; large transport aircraft require high carrying capacity, long range, and long life; the helicopter is required to have good flexibility and high safety and reliability. In addition, the aero-engine is required to have the characteristics of large thrust-weight ratio, long service life, high reliability and the like. Therefore, different aviation equipment designs have different requirements on material performance, and compared with other engineering equipment, the requirements on performance are more strict and indexes are more advanced. However, as a titanium alloy material mainly used for manufacturing aviation equipment, internal defects are inevitably generated in the processes of smelting, preparation, processing and the like, and the existence of the defects can cause that a component can be used as a fatigue source in the service process, and microcracks are generated after long-term fatigue, and finally the component continuously evolves to cause the failure of the component. Therefore, the early detection of defects and the microcracks that they generate, and the control of their dimensions, are of great importance for the safe use of aeronautical equipment.
As an area type defect, when the size reaches a millimeter level, the crack can be detected by adopting various nondestructive detection methods (for example, ultrasonic and ray detection of the internal crack of the material, penetration detection of the surface opening crack, eddy current, infrared and magnetic powder detection of the near-surface crack), and the conventional nondestructive detection method for the micron-level crack cannot realize detection. At present, in the field of nondestructive testing technology and rock and soil, a mechanical loading device is mainly arranged in a micro-nano CT to analyze cracks generated in a fatigue process of a sample, so that a closing effect generated when a fatigue external force is removed can be overcome, and the mechanical loading device is combined with excellent spatial resolution of the micro-nano CT and has great advantages when being applied to damage of a material under the action of the external force and an evolution process of the damage.
In a loading test on a metal material, a mechanical loading device needs to have a bearing capacity for keeping a load higher, wherein the invention patents CN107677545A and CN204903424U provide that the materials of a support cover are organic glass and carbon fiber respectively, the load bearing capacity of the material is limited, and the thickness of the support cover must be increased to increase the bearing capacity of the material, which may affect the penetrating capacity of rays and reduce the spatial resolution of detection; in addition, the invention patent CN105928793B and utility model CN209513432U only give the cylindrical structure of the supporting cover, and do not give material characteristics. The micro-nano CT has high resolution, but the ray energy is low, the penetrating capability to metal materials is limited, the attenuation of non-detection materials to rays on a ray propagation path should be avoided as much as possible during detection, and all the patents give cylindrical supporting covers, and the attenuation of rays cannot be avoided no matter what materials are. At present, the mechanical loading device provided by the patent needs to be placed on a rotary table of the micro-nano CT to realize the integral 360-degree rotation of the loading device, and the micro-nano CT needs to be provided with a complex mechanical system; in addition, the micro-nano CT system in the laboratory has narrow internal space, cannot realize large-scale electric or hydraulic loading, is different in design according to customer requirements, and does not have a matched loading device and a detection method.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: in view of the above, the invention provides a micro-crack in-situ detection device based on micro-nano CT, which has the characteristic that the loading force is an internal force, has a compact structure, saves space, can realize large load loading on a metal sample (the maximum loading magnitude exceeds the bearing capacity of organic glass and carbon fiber), avoids attenuation of non-detection materials to rays and a complex mechanical system in micro-nano CT, and realizes detection of micron-scale cracks.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the micro-crack in-situ detection device based on the micro-nano CT is characterized by comprising a threaded pull rod 1, an upper bearing frame 2, a lower bearing frame 3, a push plate 8, a press plate 4, a spring group 5, a force transmission rod group 7, a force transmission plate 9, an upper clamp 10, a lower clamp 13, a force measuring sensor 14 and a support frame 11;
the upper end part of the threaded pull rod 1 is in threaded fit with the upper bearing frame 2, and the threaded pull rod can be axially displaced up and down relative to the upper bearing frame by rotating the threaded pull rod; the threaded pull rod 1 penetrates through the pressing plate 4 and the push plate 8, the lower end part of the threaded pull rod forms axial limit, and the axial limit enables the push plate to move axially along with the threaded pull rod; the spring group 5 is arranged between the push plate 8 and the press plate 4, and the axial movement of the push plate can transmit force to the press plate through the spring group;
the upper end of each dowel bar of the dowel bar group 7 is fixed with the pressure plate, the lower end of each dowel bar penetrates through the push plate and is fixedly connected with the dowel plate 9, and the dowel bar group and the push plate are in clearance fit;
the upper end of the upper clamp 10 penetrates through the force transmission plate 9 to form axial limiting, and a first force bearing is arranged between the upper end of the upper clamp 10 and the force transmission plate, so that the upper end of the upper clamp and the force transmission plate can rotate mutually;
the lower end of the upper clamp 10 is fixedly connected with the upper end of a sample 12, the upper end of the lower clamp 13 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the sample 12, the lower end of the lower clamp is rotatably arranged in a lower bearing frame, and the lower end of the lower clamp is in spline fit with a motor 15 shaft and can be driven by the motor shaft to rotate; the lower end of the lower clamp is provided with a force application part 24, a second bearing is arranged between the force application part and the force measuring sensor to form rotatable fit, and the axial upward force of the lower clamp is transmitted to the force measuring sensor;
the support frame 11 is a hollow frame structure formed by an upper frame 26, a lower frame 28 and at least three rigid struts 27; the support frame is fixed between an upper bearing frame and a lower bearing frame, the lower end of the upper clamp, the sample and the upper end of the lower clamp are all located inside the support frame, the whole formed by the lower end of the upper clamp, the sample and the upper end of the lower clamp can rotate relative to the support frame, and external detection rays can penetrate through the support frame and the sample.
Further, the first force bearing comprises an upper disc 21a, a ball 21b and a lower disc 21c, the upper disc abuts against the axial limiting position, and the lower disc abuts against the force transmission plate.
Further, the second force bearing comprises an upper disc 23a, a ball 23b and a lower disc 23c, wherein the upper disc abuts against the load cell, and the lower disc abuts against the force application part. For those skilled in the art, the first and second force-bearing bearings may be selected and arranged in various ways, and any structure capable of realizing rotational support between two mutually rotatable components is included in the meaning of force-bearing in our country.
Further, an upper rolling bearing 22 is arranged between the upper end of the upper clamp 10 and the force transmission plate 9.
Further, the urging portion 24 is rotatably pressed against the load cell via the lower support bearing 23.
Further, the clamp further comprises an upper bearing 21 which is arranged between the upper end of the upper clamp and the force transmission plate and provides support in the axial direction.
Further, the thickness or the diameter of the rigid support column is 5-10 mm.
Further, the density of the material of the rigid support column is not more than 3g/cm3。
Further, a plurality of guide rods 6 are fixed on the pressing plate, penetrate through the pushing plate and are in sliding fit, so that the pushing plate can move up and down along the guide rods.
Further, a positioning bearing 25 is arranged between the lower clamp and the lower bearing frame, so that the lower clamp is kept in the axial direction and cannot generate deviation.
In addition, the method for realizing the in-situ detection of the microcracks by utilizing the detection device to be matched with the micro-nano CT is also provided, and comprises the following steps:
the micro-nano CT is started, a ray tube with suitable energy is selected according to the specification of a sample, detection parameters are set in a control system 20 (of course, the calibration of a training machine and a mechanical system can be included for a person skilled in the art), and the calibration of a detector is carried out;
assembling a sample containing microcracks in a detection device (so that the sample is clamped between an upper clamp and a lower clamp and is positioned in a support frame), and adjusting the detection device to achieve a stable state by loading to achieve a certain loading force;
the detection device is positioned at a horizontal position, the detection device and the ray tube 17 are gradually approached under the condition of no touch, the two-dimensional projection of the sample is ensured not to exceed the size range of the detector, the optimal pixel size is obtained, and in addition, the influence of a support column material on the propagation path of rays among the ray source 17, the sample 12 and the detector 18 is ensured not to exist;
the driving motor rotates the sample, the X-ray is started, and the data acquisition is carried out on the two-dimensional projection image of the sample synchronously through the 360-degree rotation of the sample;
and after scanning is finished, data reconstruction is carried out through micro-nano CT, the reconstructed three-dimensional data is displayed through VGstudio, and a sample detection section is intercepted and generated.
One skilled in the art will appreciate that for the test specimens, the shaped test specimens can be processed to standard fatigue test specimens according to HB5287, while the fatigue life of the material in the reference is tested for fatigue for a period to ensure that the test specimens develop microcracks without fracture;
the invention has the advantages that: 1) the invention designs a mechanical loading device aiming at the closure effect of the microcrack. The device is small in size, convenient to operate and suitable for micro-nano CT systems of various models in a laboratory; in addition, the detection device forms an internal closed loop of loading force by mutual matching of all parts, so that influence on other structures of equipment is avoided; the hollow frame structure design of the support cover avoids the influence of non-detection materials on the transmission path of rays between the ray source and the detector when enough structural rigidity is ensured; finally, the device does not rotate integrally with a rotary table of the micro-nano CT, but independently realizes the rotation of the sample, thereby avoiding complex mechanical systems during detection;
2) the invention provides a microcrack detection method by utilizing a designed device and combining micro-nano CT. According to the method, data acquisition and three-dimensional reconstruction are carried out through micro-nano CT, the characteristics and advantages of the technology are considered, in-situ detection of micron-sized cracks is realized by adopting common commercial software, and the method is vital to early discovery and control of the micro-size of the cracks and life prediction and safe use of aviation equipment.
3) The invention has strong loading capacity, is suitable for crack detection of various high-hardness materials, such as high-hardness metals and the like, and has wide application range.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an implementation schematic diagram of a micro-crack in-situ detection device of micro-nano CT in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an axial sectional view of the upper end of the upper clamp and the force transmission plate.
FIG. 3 is an axial cross-sectional view of the force application portion and the load cell.
Fig. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the spring pack portion.
Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional view of the support frame.
Fig. 6 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a sample site.
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the testing of a microcracked sample.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a fatigue test specimen.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the in-situ detection apparatus of the present application.
Fig. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of a first force bearing.
Fig. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of a second force bearing.
Wherein: 1. the device comprises a threaded pull rod, 2 parts of an upper bearing frame, 3 parts of a lower bearing frame, 4 parts of a pressing plate, 5 parts of a spring set, 6 parts of a guide rod, 7 parts of a transmission rod set, 8 parts of a push plate, 9 parts of a transmission plate, 10 parts of an upper clamp, 11 parts of a support frame, 12 parts of a sample, 13 parts of a lower clamp, 14 parts of a force measuring sensor, 15 parts of a motor, 16 parts of a platform, 17 parts of a ray source, 18 parts of a detector, 19 parts of a shielding lead room, 20 parts of a control system, 21 parts of a first bearing, 22 parts of an upper rolling bearing, 23 parts of a second bearing, 24 parts of a force application part, 25 parts of a positioning bearing, 26 parts of an upper frame, 27 parts of a lower frame, 28 parts of a rigid support column, 21a parts of an upper disc, 21b parts of balls, 21c parts of a lower disc, 23a.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below.
the upper end part of the threaded pull rod 1 is in threaded fit with the upper bearing frame 2, and the threaded pull rod can be axially displaced up and down relative to the upper bearing frame by rotating the threaded pull rod; the threaded pull rod 1 penetrates through the pressing plate 4 and the push plate 8, the lower end part of the threaded pull rod forms axial limit, and the axial limit enables the push plate to move axially along with the threaded pull rod; the spring group 5 is arranged between the push plate 8 and the press plate 4, and the axial movement of the push plate can transmit force to the press plate through the spring group;
the upper end of each dowel bar of the dowel bar group 7 is fixed with the pressure plate, the lower end of each dowel bar penetrates through the push plate and is fixedly connected with the dowel plate 9, and the dowel bar group and the push plate are in clearance fit;
the upper end of the upper clamp 10 penetrates through the force transmission plate 9 to form axial limiting, and a bearing is arranged between the upper end of the upper clamp 10 and the force transmission plate, so that the upper end of the upper clamp and the force transmission plate can rotate mutually;
the lower end of the upper clamp 10 is fixedly connected with the upper end of a sample 12, the upper end of the lower clamp 13 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the sample 12, the lower end of the lower clamp is rotatably arranged in a lower bearing frame, and the lower end of the lower clamp is in spline fit with a motor 15 shaft and can be driven by the motor shaft to rotate; the lower end of the lower clamp is provided with a force application part 24, a bearing is arranged between the force application part and the force measuring sensor to form rotatable fit, and the axial force of the lower clamp is transmitted to the force measuring sensor;
the support frame 11 is a hollow frame structure formed by an upper frame 26, a lower frame 28 and at least three rigid struts 27; the support frame is fixed between an upper bearing frame and a lower bearing frame, the lower end of the upper clamp, the sample and the upper end of the lower clamp are all located inside the support frame, the whole formed by the lower end of the upper clamp, the sample and the upper end of the lower clamp can rotate relative to the support frame, and external detection rays can penetrate through the support frame and the sample.
The first force bearing comprises an upper disc 21a, a ball 21b and a lower disc 21c, the upper disc is abutted with the axial limiting position, and the lower disc is abutted with the force transmission plate.
The second force bearing comprises an upper disc 23a, a ball 23b and a lower disc 23c, wherein the upper disc is abutted with the load cell, and the lower disc is abutted with the force application part.
the upper end part of the threaded pull rod 1 is in threaded fit with the upper bearing frame 2, and the threaded pull rod can be axially displaced up and down relative to the upper bearing frame by rotating the threaded pull rod; the threaded pull rod 1 penetrates through the pressing plate 4 and the push plate 8, the lower end part of the threaded pull rod forms axial limit, and the axial limit enables the push plate to move axially along with the threaded pull rod; the spring group 5 is arranged between the push plate 8 and the press plate 4, and the axial movement of the push plate can transmit force to the press plate through the spring group;
the upper end of each dowel bar of the dowel bar group 7 is fixed with the pressure plate, the lower end of each dowel bar penetrates through the push plate and is fixedly connected with the dowel plate 9, and the dowel bar group and the push plate are in clearance fit;
the upper end of the upper clamp 10 penetrates through the force transmission plate 9 to form axial limiting, and a bearing is arranged between the upper end of the upper clamp 10 and the force transmission plate, so that the upper end of the upper clamp and the force transmission plate can rotate mutually;
the lower end of the upper clamp 10 is fixedly connected with the upper end of a sample 12, the upper end of the lower clamp 13 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the sample 12, the lower end of the lower clamp is rotatably arranged in a lower bearing frame, and the lower end of the lower clamp is in spline fit with a motor 15 shaft and can be driven by the motor shaft to rotate; the lower end of the lower clamp is provided with a force application part 24, a bearing is arranged between the force application part and the force measuring sensor to form rotatable fit, and the axial force of the lower clamp is transmitted to the force measuring sensor;
the support frame 11 is a hollow frame structure formed by an upper frame 26, a lower frame 28 and at least three rigid struts 27; the support frame is fixed between an upper bearing frame and a lower bearing frame, the lower end of the upper clamp, the sample and the upper end of the lower clamp are all located inside the support frame, the whole formed by the lower end of the upper clamp, the sample and the upper end of the lower clamp can rotate relative to the support frame, and external detection rays can penetrate through the support frame and the sample.
Still include 4 guide bars 6, the guide bar upper end is fixed with clamp plate 4, and the lower extreme runs through the push pedal to with push pedal sliding fit, play the guide effect to the push pedal, make the push pedal along the guide bar displacement from top to bottom.
The force transmission rod group comprises 4 force transmission rods, and the number of the springs is five.
Claims (10)
1. A micro-crack in-situ detection method based on micro-nano CT is characterized by comprising a threaded pull rod (1), an upper bearing frame (2), a lower bearing frame (3), a push plate (8), a press plate (4), a spring group (5), a force transmission rod group (7), a force transmission plate (9), an upper clamp (10), a lower clamp (13), a force measuring sensor (14) and a support frame (11);
the upper end part of the threaded pull rod is in threaded fit with the upper bearing frame (2), and the threaded pull rod can be rotated to enable the threaded pull rod to axially displace up and down relative to the upper bearing frame; the threaded pull rod penetrates through the pressing plate and the push plate, the lower end part of the threaded pull rod forms axial limit, and the axial limit enables the push plate to move axially along with the threaded pull rod; the spring group is arranged between the push plate (8) and the pressure plate (4), and the axial movement of the push plate can transmit force to the pressure plate through the spring group;
the upper end of each dowel bar of the dowel bar group is fixed with the pressure plate, the lower end of each dowel bar penetrates through the push plate and is fixedly connected with the dowel plate, and the dowel bar group is in clearance fit with the push plate;
the upper end of the upper clamp penetrates through the force transmission plate to form axial limiting, and a bearing is arranged between the upper end of the upper clamp and the force transmission plate, so that the upper end of the upper clamp and the force transmission plate can rotate mutually;
the lower end of the upper clamp is fixedly connected with the upper end of the sample, the upper end of the lower clamp is fixedly connected with the lower end of the sample, the lower end of the lower clamp is rotatably arranged in the lower bearing frame, and the lower end of the lower clamp is in spline fit with a motor shaft and can be driven by the motor shaft to rotate; the lower end of the lower clamp is provided with a force application part, a bearing is arranged between the force application part and the force measuring sensor to form rotatable fit, and the force of the lower clamp in the axial direction is transmitted to the force measuring sensor;
the support frame is a hollow frame structure consisting of an upper frame, a lower frame and at least three rigid struts; the support frame is fixed between an upper bearing frame and a lower bearing frame, the lower end of the upper clamp, the sample and the upper end of the lower clamp are all located inside the support frame, the whole formed by the lower end of the upper clamp, the sample and the upper end of the lower clamp can rotate relative to the support frame, and external detection rays can penetrate through the support frame and the sample.
2. The micro-crack in-situ detection method based on micro-nano CT as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: a rolling bearing is arranged between the upper end of the upper clamp and the force transmission plate.
3. The micro-crack in-situ detection method based on micro-nano CT as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the force application part is rotatably pressed on the force measuring sensor through a rolling bearing.
4. The micro-crack in-situ detection method based on micro-nano CT as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the thrust bearing is arranged between the upper end of the upper clamp and the force transmission plate and provides support in the axial direction.
5. The micro-crack in-situ detection method based on micro-nano CT as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness or the diameter of the rigid support is 5-10 mm.
6. The micro-crack in-situ detection method based on micro-nano CT as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the density of the material of the rigid support column is not more than 3g/cm3。
7. The micro-crack in-situ detection method based on micro-nano CT as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and a plurality of guide rods are fixed on the pressing plate, penetrate through the push plate and are in sliding fit, so that the push plate can move up and down along the guide rods.
8. The micro-crack in-situ detection method based on micro-nano CT as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and a positioning bearing is also arranged between the lower clamp and the lower bearing frame, so that the lower clamp is kept in the axial direction and cannot generate deflection.
9. The micro-crack in-situ detection method based on micro-nano CT as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the first force bearing comprises an upper disc 21a, a ball 21b and a lower disc 21c, the upper disc is abutted with the axial limiting position, and the lower disc is abutted with the force transmission plate.
10. The micro-crack in-situ detection method based on micro-nano CT as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the second force bearing comprises an upper disc 23a, a ball 23b and a lower disc 23c, wherein the upper disc is abutted with the load cell, and the lower disc is abutted with the force application part.
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