CN115157799A - 自粘轨道板土工布复合土工膜及其应用于轨道的施工方法 - Google Patents

自粘轨道板土工布复合土工膜及其应用于轨道的施工方法 Download PDF

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CN115157799A
CN115157799A CN202210671991.0A CN202210671991A CN115157799A CN 115157799 A CN115157799 A CN 115157799A CN 202210671991 A CN202210671991 A CN 202210671991A CN 115157799 A CN115157799 A CN 115157799A
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geotextile
polypropylene
layer
self
adhesive
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赵双
程玮
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Anhui Zhonglu Engineering Materials Co ltd
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Anhui Zhonglu Engineering Materials Co ltd
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Priority to CN202210671991.0A priority Critical patent/CN115157799A/zh
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种自粘轨道板土工布,自粘轨道板用土工布从上而下依次层叠有保温层、耐磨层、上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布、下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布；上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布由上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布、下层粗聚丙烯长丝土工布复合而成；下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布是首先使用聚丙烯原料进行熔融后进行挤出，得到聚丙烯长丝；随后静置聚丙烯长丝，使其冷却，随后向得到的聚丙烯长丝上进行润滑剂的喷洒；随后将聚丙烯长丝进行牵伸后进行摆丝以形成纤维网，随后通过针刺定型得到下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布。聚丙烯长丝喷洒的润滑剂与该聚丙烯长丝的重量比为8：100。本发明能够使得土工布的防水性能增强，使用寿命增长。

Description

自粘轨道板土工布复合土工膜及其应用于轨道的施工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及土工布技术领域，具体为自粘轨道板土工布复合土工膜及其应用于轨道的施工方法。
背景技术
土工布又称土工织物，它是由合成纤维通过针刺或编织而形成的透水性土工合成材料。土工布具有优异的过滤、隔离、加固防护作用，其耐老化、耐腐蚀性好，具有很好的隔离、加筋、防护等功效，是一种应用广泛的土工合成材料。而现有的自粘轨道板用土工布在使用时产品使用寿命短，并且不能很好的防止地下水外渗，不能满足人们的日常需求。
发明内容
针对现有的技术方案存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种自粘轨道板土工布。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供以下技术方案：
一种自粘轨道板土工布,所述自粘轨道板用土工布从上而下依次层叠有：
采用热复合方式固结为一体的保温层；
耐磨层；
上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布；
下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布；
所述上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布由上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布、下层粗聚丙烯长丝土工布复合而成；
上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布是由晶型较小结构质密的α晶聚丙烯和晶型较大结构疏松的β晶聚丙烯组成；以强度高的α晶聚丙烯为芯层，以抗老化效果及韧性优良的β晶聚丙烯为皮层，所述皮层包覆在芯层上；
下层粗聚丙烯长丝土工布克重为75g/m2-250g/m2、纤维的细度为9-15D；
所述下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布制备方法为：
1）首先将聚丙烯主料与助剂混合后形成融体,熔融后进行挤出，熔融挤出温度为230-250℃，所述融体流动速率为20-28g/10min，得到聚丙烯长丝；随后静置聚丙烯长丝，使其冷却；
2）向得到的聚丙烯长丝上进行润滑剂的喷洒，形成喷造；
3）将聚丙烯长丝进行牵伸后进行摆丝以形成纤维网，随后通过针刺定型得到下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布；针刺总密度为110-150/cm 2，针刺深度为9-12cm。
作为本方案的进一步改进,所述下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布向全牵伸丝喷洒的润滑剂与全牵伸丝的重量比为(9-11)：100；下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布的纵横向强度大于50kN/m；所述下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布的聚丙烯长丝经过牵伸形成的全牵伸丝的单丝强度大于2.5cn/dtex。
作为本方案的进一步改进,所述润滑剂包括平滑剂、抗静电剂、乳化剂中的任意一种或几种的混合物；所述助剂包括色母粒、抗紫外母粒中的任意一种或两种；所述下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布（21）的聚丙烯主料与色母粒、抗紫外母粒重量比为(90-96):(1-3):(2-4)。
作为本方案的进一步改进,上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
（1）将α晶聚丙烯与β成核剂按皮层配方的比例装入双螺杆挤出机中，在一区温度150-170℃、二区温度180-200℃、三区温度200-230℃、四区温度230-250℃，螺杆转速50-80r/min的条件下均匀混合挤出造粒，并反复混合3-5次，制得皮层材料；
（2）采用非织造针刺短纤工艺或纺粘长丝工艺制备β晶皮芯型抗老化聚丙烯非织造材料；
（3）在β晶皮芯型抗老化聚丙烯非织造材料与波纹型聚丙烯非织造材料间夹入聚丙烯机织布材料形成上、中、下三层结构，并经针刺复合制得β晶聚丙烯抗老化土工布。
作为本方案的进一步改进,所述步骤（2）中以非织造针刺短纤工艺制备β晶皮芯型抗老化聚丙烯非织造材料，具体工艺步骤如下：
（a）按β晶皮芯型抗老化聚丙烯纤维的配方分别将皮层与芯层的材料分别喂入熔融纺丝机的皮层和芯层纺丝料斗，经纺丝双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出、纺丝箱体出丝后，获得皮芯结构聚丙烯长丝；其中皮层螺杆各温区温度依次为180-200℃/190-210℃/200-220℃/，芯层螺杆各温区温度依次为210-230℃/220-240℃/230-250℃；
（b）在纺丝牵伸辊牵伸下，将初步定型的皮芯结构聚丙烯长丝经超声频率20-25kHz，超声距离2-5cm，超声温度40-80℃的纺丝超声槽机械振动传递能量，进一步分散成核剂，并促进晶区β晶的形成；超声后的皮芯结构聚丙烯长丝经集束，上油，牵伸，紧张热定型，卷曲，松弛热定型后切断为38-51mm的β晶皮芯型抗老化聚丙烯短纤；将38-51mm的β晶皮芯型抗老化聚丙烯短纤开松梳理后针刺制得针刺短纤非织造材料。
作为本方案的进一步改进，所述保温层材质为聚氨酯。
作为本方案的进一步改进，所述耐磨层的材质为聚四氟乙烯。
作为本方案的进一步改进，所述自粘轨道板用土工布应用于PH为2-13的环境中。
作为本方案的进一步改进，所述自粘轨道板用土工布应用到轨道路基上时，所述路基上铺设有预制水泥板一；所述预制水泥板一上方铺设自粘轨道板用土工布；丙烯高强土工布上层涂上热熔胶，热熔胶上覆盖一层可撕膜；当所述自粘轨道板用土工布上方铺设有预制水泥板二时，撕掉所述热熔胶上覆盖的可撕膜，所述自粘轨道板用土工布粘接在所述预制水泥板二上。
本发明还公开了一种自粘轨道板土工布应用到轨道路基的施工方法，步骤如下：
S1.设置预制水泥板一；
S2.将自粘轨道板用土工布铺设在预制水泥板一的上方，在进行铺设时要先测出线路中线，画出两侧边线，沿线铺设，铺设时需要保持自粘轨道板用土工布的平整，不能出现起皱或者打褶的现象；
S3. 将自粘轨道板用土工布上层涂上热熔胶，热熔胶上覆盖一层可撕膜；
S4.撕下热熔胶垫的可撕膜，将预制水泥板二放置在热熔胶垫上方，与之粘合；
S5.对预制水泥板一、自粘轨道板用土工布及预制水泥板二进行压合，使其平整紧实，形成轨道路基。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明中自粘轨道板用土工布包含保温层、耐磨层、上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布、下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布，保温层能够提高其保温性能，中和聚丙烯耐寒性差的缺点，耐磨层能增加其耐磨性；上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布由上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布和下层粗聚丙烯长丝土工布复合而成；拥有很好的防水性能，能够有效的防止地下水的渗出；而下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布对聚丙烯长丝进行上油提高了聚丙烯长丝的力学性能，下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布由连续长丝形成，连续长丝在延长度方向无回缩空间，随着时间的延长缠结点强化，其蠕变性能更好，使得产品的使用寿命长。此外其耐碱性优异，在PH值2-13的条件下使用，不受任何影响。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明进一步说明。
图1是本发明自粘轨道板用土工布材料组成图；
图2是下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布的示意图；
图3是本发明应用到路面的结构示意图；
图4是自粘轨道板用土工布应用到轨道路基的施工方法流程图；
图中标注，1、预制水泥板一；2、自粘轨道板用土工布；21、下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布；22、上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布；221、上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布；222、下层粗聚丙烯长丝土工布；23、耐磨层；24、保温层；3、预制水泥板二。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施方式及附图，对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施方式是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
如图1-3所示，本发明的一种自粘轨道板土工布，所述自粘轨道板用土工布2从上而下依次层叠有：
采用热复合方式固结为一体的保温层24；
耐磨层23；
上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布22；
下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布21。
所述上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布22由上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布221、下层粗聚丙烯长丝土工布222复合而成；
上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布221是由晶型较小结构质密的α晶聚丙烯和晶型较大结构疏松的β晶聚丙烯组成；以强度高的α晶聚丙烯为芯层，以抗老化效果及韧性优良的β晶聚丙烯为皮层，所述皮层包覆在芯层上；
下层粗聚丙烯长丝土工布222克重为75g/m2-250g/m2、纤维的细度为9-15D。
所述下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布21制备方法为：
1）首先将聚丙烯主料与助剂混合后形成融体,熔融后进行挤出，熔融挤出温度为230-250℃，所述融体流动速率为20-28g/10min，得到聚丙烯长丝；随后静置聚丙烯长丝，使其冷却；
2）向得到的聚丙烯长丝上进行润滑剂的喷洒，形成喷造；
3）将聚丙烯长丝进行牵伸后进行摆丝以形成纤维网，随后通过针刺定型得到下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布21；针刺总密度为110-150/cm 2，针刺深度为9-12cm。
所述下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布向全牵伸丝喷洒的润滑剂与全牵伸丝的重量比为(9-11)：100；下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布的纵横向强度大于50kN/m；所述下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布的聚丙烯长丝经过牵伸形成的全牵伸丝的单丝强度大于2.5cn/dtex。
所述润滑剂包括平滑剂、抗静电剂、乳化剂中的任意一种或几种的混合物；所述助剂包括色母粒、抗紫外母粒中的任意一种或两种；所述下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布21的聚丙烯主料与色母粒、抗紫外母粒重量比为(90-96):(1-3):(2-4)。
上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
（1）将α晶聚丙烯与β成核剂按皮层配方的比例装入双螺杆挤出机中，在一区温度150-170℃、二区温度180-200℃、三区温度200-230℃、四区温度230-250℃，螺杆转速50-80r/min的条件下均匀混合挤出造粒，并反复混合3-5次，制得皮层材料；
（2）采用非织造针刺短纤工艺或纺粘长丝工艺制备β晶皮芯型抗老化聚丙烯非织造材料；
（3）在β晶皮芯型抗老化聚丙烯非织造材料与波纹型聚丙烯非织造材料间夹入聚丙烯机织布材料形成上、中、下三层结构，并经针刺复合制得β晶聚丙烯抗老化土工布。
步骤（2）中以非织造针刺短纤工艺制备β晶皮芯型抗老化聚丙烯非织造材料，具体工艺步骤如下：
（a）按β晶皮芯型抗老化聚丙烯纤维的配方分别将皮层与芯层的材料分别喂入熔融纺丝机的皮层和芯层纺丝料斗，经纺丝双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出、纺丝箱体出丝后，获得皮芯结构聚丙烯长丝；其中皮层螺杆各温区温度依次为180-200℃/190-210℃/200-220℃/，芯层螺杆各温区温度依次为210-230℃/220-240℃/230-250℃；
（b）在纺丝牵伸辊牵伸下，将初步定型的皮芯结构聚丙烯长丝经超声频率20-25kHz，超声距离2-5cm，超声温度40-80℃的纺丝超声槽机械振动传递能量，进一步分散成核剂，并促进晶区β晶的形成；超声后的皮芯结构聚丙烯长丝经集束，上油，牵伸，紧张热定型，卷曲，松弛热定型后切断为38-51mm的β晶皮芯型抗老化聚丙烯短纤；将38-51mm的β晶皮芯型抗老化聚丙烯短纤开松梳理后针刺制得针刺短纤非织造材料。
保温层材质为聚氨酯，保温层24能够提高其保温性能，中和聚丙烯耐寒性差的缺点，耐磨层的材质为聚四氟乙烯，耐磨层23能增加其耐磨性；上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布22由上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布221和下层粗聚丙烯长丝土工布222复合而成；拥有很好的防水性能，能够有效的防止地下水的渗出；而下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布21对聚丙烯长丝进行上油提高了聚丙烯长丝的力学性能，下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布21由连续长丝形成，连续长丝在延长度方向无回缩空间，随着时间的延长缠结点强化，其蠕变性能更好，使得产品的使用寿命长。此外其耐碱性优异，在PH值2-13的条件下使用，不受任何影响。
自粘轨道板用土工布应用到轨道路基上时，路基上铺设有预制水泥板一1；预制水泥板一1上方铺设有自粘轨道板用土工布2；自粘轨道板用土工布2上方铺设有沥青路面层3。
实施例1：
一种自粘轨道板土工布，其制备方法为从上而下依次层叠有：采用热复合方式固结为一体的保温层24；耐磨层23；上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布22；
下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布21；保温层24采用聚氨酯，耐磨层23采用聚四氟乙烯；上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布22由上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布221、下层粗聚丙烯长丝土工布222复合而成；
上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布221制备方法，具体如下：
（1）将质量分数99.5%的α晶聚丙烯与质量分数0.5%的β成核剂装入双螺杆挤出机中，在一区温度150℃、二区温度180℃、三区温度200℃、四区温度230℃，螺杆转速60r/min的条件下均匀混合挤出造粒，并反复混合4次，制得皮层材料；
（2）将质量分数为40%的皮层材料与质量分数为60%的芯层材料分别喂入熔融纺丝机的皮层和芯层纺丝料斗，经纺丝双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出、纺丝箱体出丝后，获得皮芯结构聚丙烯长丝；其中皮层螺杆各温区温度依次为180℃/190℃/200℃，芯层5螺杆各温区温度依次为230℃/240℃/250℃，纺丝箱温度为240℃；
（3）将步骤（2）中初步定型的皮芯结构聚丙烯长丝经超声频率20kHz，超声距离3cm，超声温度50℃的纺丝超声槽机械振动传递能量，进一步分散成核剂，并促进晶区中的β晶的形成；超声后的皮芯结构聚丙烯长丝经经集束，上油，牵伸，紧张热定型，卷曲，松弛热定型后切断为50mm。
（5）将50mm的β晶皮芯型抗老化聚丙烯短纤开松梳理后针刺制得针刺短纤非织造材料，将38mm的常规α晶聚丙烯短纤开松梳理后针刺，经热凹凸辊作用制得波纹型聚丙烯针刺非织造材料，在波纹型聚丙烯针刺非织造材料和针刺短纤非织造材料之间夹入聚丙烯机织布材料形成上、中、下三层结构，并经针刺复合，制得上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布221。
下层粗聚丙烯长丝土工布222克重为75g/m2、纤维的细度为9D。
下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布21制备方法为：
1）首先将聚丙烯主料与助剂混合后形成融体,熔融后进行挤出，熔融挤出温度为230℃，所述融体流动速率为20g/10min，得到聚丙烯长丝；随后静置聚丙烯长丝，使其冷却；
2）向得到的聚丙烯长丝上进行润滑剂的喷洒，形成喷造；润滑剂与全牵伸丝的重量比为9：100；
3）将聚丙烯长丝进行牵伸后进行摆丝以形成纤维网，随后通过针刺定型得到下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布21；针刺总密度为110/cm 2，针刺深度为9cm。
将上述保温层24、耐磨层23、上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布22、下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布21从上而下依次层叠制备成本发明的自粘轨道板用土工布。
实施例2
一种自粘轨道板土工布，其制备方法为从上而下依次层叠有：采用热复合方式固结为一体的保温层24；耐磨层23；上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布22；
下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布21；保温层24采用聚氨酯，耐磨层23采用聚四氟乙烯；上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布22由上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布221、下层粗聚丙烯长丝土工布222复合而成；
上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布221制备方法，具体如下：
1）将质量分数99.4%的α晶聚丙烯与质量分数0.6%的β成核剂装入双螺杆挤出机中，在一区温度170℃、二区温度200℃、三区温度230℃、四区温度250℃，螺杆转速70r/min的条件下均匀混合挤出造粒，并反复混合5次，制得皮层材料；
（2）将质量分数为50%的皮层材料与质量分数为50%的芯层材料分别喂入纺粘设备的皮层和芯层纺粘料斗，经纺粘双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出、纺丝箱体出丝后，获得皮芯结构聚丙烯长丝；其中皮层螺杆温度为180℃/190℃/200℃，芯层5螺杆温度为230℃/240℃/250℃，纺丝箱温度为250℃，侧吹风温度20℃；
（3）在纺粘牵伸辊牵伸下，将步骤（2）中初步定型的皮芯结构聚丙烯长丝经超声频率25kHz，超声距离4cm，超声温度70℃的纺粘超声槽机械振动传递能量，进一步分散成核剂，并促进晶区中的β晶的形成；
（4）重复实施例1的步骤（4），制得上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布221。
下层粗聚丙烯长丝土工布222克重为100g/m2、纤维的细度为12D。
下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布21制备方法为：
1）首先将聚丙烯主料与助剂混合后形成融体,熔融后进行挤出，熔融挤出温度为250℃，所述融体流动速率为25g/10min，得到聚丙烯长丝；随后静置聚丙烯长丝，使其冷却；
2）向得到的聚丙烯长丝上进行润滑剂的喷洒，形成喷造；润滑剂与全牵伸丝的重量比为1：10；
3）将聚丙烯长丝进行牵伸后进行摆丝以形成纤维网，随后通过针刺定型得到下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布21；针刺总密度为120/cm 2，针刺深度为10cm。
将上述保温层24、耐磨层23、上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布22、下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布21从上而下依次层叠制备成本发明的自粘轨道板用土工布。
实施例3
一种自粘轨道板土工布，其制备方法为从上而下依次层叠有：采用热复合方式固结为一体的保温层24；耐磨层23；上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布22；
下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布21；保温层24采用聚氨酯，耐磨层23采用聚四氟乙烯；上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布22由上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布221、下层粗聚丙烯长丝土工布222复合而成；
上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布221制备方法，具体如下：
（1）将质量分数99.3%的α晶聚丙烯与质量分数0.7%的β成核剂装入双螺杆挤出机中，在一区温度160℃、二区温度190℃、三区温度215℃、四区温度245℃，螺杆转速80r/min的条件下均匀混合挤出造粒，并反复混合5次，制得皮层材料；
（2）将质量分数为30%的皮层材料与质量分数为70%的芯层材料分别喂入纺粘设备的皮层和芯层纺粘料斗，经纺粘双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出、纺丝箱体出丝后，获得皮芯结构聚丙烯长丝；其中皮层4螺杆温度为180℃/190℃/200℃，芯层5螺杆温度为230℃/240℃/250℃，纺丝箱温度为270℃，侧吹风温度20℃；
（3）在纺粘牵伸辊牵伸下，将步骤（2）中初步定型的皮芯结构聚丙烯长丝经超声频率23kHz，超声距离5cm，超声温度80℃的纺粘超声槽机械振动传递能量，进一步分散成核剂，并促进晶区中的β晶的形成；
（4）重复实施例2的步骤（4），制得上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布221。
下层粗聚丙烯长丝土工布222克重为250g/m2、纤维的细度为15D。
下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布21制备方法为：
1）首先将聚丙烯主料与助剂混合后形成融体,熔融后进行挤出，熔融挤出温度为250℃，所述融体流动速率为28g/10min，得到聚丙烯长丝；随后静置聚丙烯长丝，使其冷却；
2）向得到的聚丙烯长丝上进行润滑剂的喷洒，形成喷造；润滑剂与全牵伸丝的重量比为11：100；
3）将聚丙烯长丝进行牵伸后进行摆丝以形成纤维网，随后通过针刺定型得到下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布21；针刺总密度为150/cm 2，针刺深度为12cm。
将上述保温层24、耐磨层23、上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布22、下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布21从上而下依次层叠制备成本发明的自粘轨道板用土工布。
实施例4：
如图4所示，本实施例的一种自粘轨道板土工布应用到轨道路基的施工方法，应用上述实施例1的自粘轨道板用土工布2，其步骤如下：
S1.设置预制水泥板一1；
S2.将自粘轨道板用土工布2铺设在预制水泥板一1的上方，在进行铺设时要先测出线路中线，画出两侧边线，沿线铺设，铺设时需要保持自粘轨道板用土工布2的平整，不能出现起皱或者打褶的现象；
S3. 将自粘轨道板用土工布2上层涂上热熔胶，热熔胶上覆盖一层可撕膜；
S4.撕下热熔胶垫的可撕膜，将预制水泥板二3放置在热熔胶垫上方，与之粘合；
S5.对预制水泥板一1、自粘轨道板用土工布2及预制水泥板二3进行压合，使其平整紧实，形成轨道路基。
实施例5
本实施例的一种自粘轨道板土工布应用到轨道路基的施工方法，应用上述实施例1的自粘轨道板用土工布2，其步骤如下：
S1.设置预制水泥板一1；
S2.将自粘轨道板用土工布2铺设在预制水泥板一1的上方，在进行铺设时要先测出线路中线，画出两侧边线，沿线铺设，铺设时需要保持自粘轨道板用土工布2的平整，不能出现起皱或者打褶的现象；
S3. 将自粘轨道板用土工布2上层和0.2㎜的厚光面PE土工膜复合；
S4.将光面PE土工膜与轨道底板的预制水泥板二3粘结；
S5.对预制水泥板一1、自粘轨道板用土工布2及预制水泥板二3进行压合，使其平整紧实，形成轨道路基。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明结构所作的举例和说明，所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，只要不偏离本发明的结构或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围，均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种自粘轨道板土工布,其特征在于，所述自粘轨道板用土工布（2）从上而下依次层叠有：
采用热复合方式固结为一体的保温层（24）；
耐磨层（23）；
上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布（22）；
下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布（21）；
所述上层聚丙烯长丝复合土工布（22）由上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布（221）、 下层粗聚丙烯长丝土工布（222）复合而成；
上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布（221）是由晶型较小结构质密的α晶聚丙烯和晶型较大结构疏松的β晶聚丙烯组成；以强度高的α晶聚丙烯为芯层，以抗老化效果及韧性优良的β晶聚丙烯为皮层，所述皮层包覆在芯层上；
下层粗聚丙烯长丝土工布（222）克重为75g/m2-250g/m2、纤维的细度为9-15D；
所述下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布（21）制备方法为：
1）首先将聚丙烯主料与助剂混合后形成融体,熔融后进行挤出，熔融挤出温度为230-250℃，所述融体流动速率为20-28g/10min，得到聚丙烯长丝；随后静置聚丙烯长丝，使其冷却；
2）向得到的聚丙烯长丝上进行润滑剂的喷洒，形成喷造；
3）将聚丙烯长丝进行牵伸后进行摆丝以形成纤维网，随后通过针刺定型得到下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布（21）；针刺总密度为110-150/cm 2，针刺深度为9-12cm。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种自粘轨道板土工布,其特征在于,所述下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布（21）向全牵伸丝喷洒的润滑剂与全牵伸丝的重量比为(9-11)：100；下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布（21）的纵横向强度大于50kN/m；所述下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布（21）的聚丙烯长丝经过牵伸形成的全牵伸丝的单丝强度大于2.5cn/dtex。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种自粘轨道板土工布,其特征在于,所述润滑剂包括平滑剂、抗静电剂、乳化剂中的任意一种或几种的混合物；所述助剂包括色母粒、抗紫外母粒中的任意一种或两种；所述下层聚丙烯长丝针刺土工布（21）的聚丙烯主料与色母粒、抗紫外母粒重量比为(90-96):(1-3):(2-4)。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种自粘轨道板土工布,其特征在于,上层细聚丙烯长丝土工布（221）的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
（1）将α晶聚丙烯与β成核剂按皮层配方的比例装入双螺杆挤出机中，在一区温度150-170℃、二区温度180-200℃、三区温度200-230℃、四区温度230-250℃，螺杆转速50-80r/min的条件下均匀混合挤出造粒，并反复混合3-5次，制得皮层材料；
（2）采用非织造针刺短纤工艺或纺粘长丝工艺制备β晶皮芯型抗老化聚丙烯非织造材料；
（3）在β晶皮芯型抗老化聚丙烯非织造材料与波纹型聚丙烯非织造材料间夹入聚丙烯机织布材料形成上、中、下三层结构，并经针刺复合制得β晶聚丙烯抗老化土工布。
5.根据权利要求4所述一种自粘轨道板土工布,其特征在于,所述步骤（2）中以非织造针刺短纤工艺制备β晶皮芯型抗老化聚丙烯非织造材料，具体工艺步骤如下：
（a）按β晶皮芯型抗老化聚丙烯纤维的配方分别将皮层与芯层的材料分别喂入熔融纺丝机的皮层和芯层纺丝料斗，经纺丝双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出、纺丝箱体出丝后，获得皮芯结构聚丙烯长丝；其中皮层螺杆各温区温度依次为180-200℃/190-210℃/200-220℃/，芯层螺杆各温区温度依次为210-230℃/220-240℃/230-250℃；
（b）在纺丝牵伸辊牵伸下，将初步定型的皮芯结构聚丙烯长丝经超声频率20-25kHz，超声距离2-5cm，超声温度40-80℃的纺丝超声槽机械振动传递能量，进一步分散成核剂，并促进晶区β晶的形成；超声后的皮芯结构聚丙烯长丝经集束，上油，牵伸，紧张热定型，卷曲，松弛热定型后切断为38-51mm的β晶皮芯型抗老化聚丙烯短纤；将38-51mm的β晶皮芯型抗老化聚丙烯短纤开松梳理后针刺制得针刺短纤非织造材料。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种自粘轨道板土工布,其特征在于,所述保温层（24）材质为聚氨酯。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种自粘轨道板土工布,其特征在于,所述耐磨层（23）的材质为聚四氟乙烯。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种自粘轨道板土工布,其特征在于,所述自粘轨道板用土工布（2）应用于PH为2-13的环境中。
9.根据权利要求1所述一种自粘轨道板土工布,其特征在于,所述自粘轨道板用土工布应用到轨道路基上时，所述路基上铺设有预制水泥板一（1）；所述预制水泥板一（1）上方铺设自粘轨道板用土工布（2）；丙烯高强土工布（2）上层涂上热熔胶，热熔胶上覆盖一层可撕膜；当所述自粘轨道板用土工布（2）上方铺设有预制水泥板二（3）时，撕掉所述热熔胶上覆盖的可撕膜，所述自粘轨道板用土工布（2）粘接在所述预制水泥板二（3）上。
10.一种根据权利要求1所述的自粘轨道板用土工布应用到轨道路基的施工方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：
S1.设置预制水泥板一（1）；
S2.将自粘轨道板用土工布（2）铺设在预制水泥板一（1）的上方，在进行铺设时要先测出线路中线，画出两侧边线，沿线铺设，铺设时需要保持自粘轨道板用土工布（2）的平整，不能出现起皱或者打褶的现象；
S3. 将自粘轨道板用土工布（2）上层涂上热熔胶，热熔胶上覆盖一层可撕膜；
S4.撕下热熔胶垫的可撕膜，将预制水泥板二（3）放置在热熔胶垫上方，与之粘合；
S5.对预制水泥板一（1）、自粘轨道板用土工布（2）及预制水泥板二（3）进行压合，使其平整紧实，形成轨道路基。
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