CN115157574A - 用于塑性材料的注入成型的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于塑性材料的注入成型的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN115157574A
CN115157574A CN202210732558.3A CN202210732558A CN115157574A CN 115157574 A CN115157574 A CN 115157574A CN 202210732558 A CN202210732558 A CN 202210732558A CN 115157574 A CN115157574 A CN 115157574A
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needle valve
speed
plastic material
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displacement
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A.兹甘特
C.德拉夸
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Inglass SpA
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/18Feeding the material into the injection moulding apparatus, i.e. feeding the non-plastified material into the injection unit
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0025Preventing defects on the moulded article, e.g. weld lines, shrinkage marks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/26Moulds
    • B29C45/27Sprue channels ; Runner channels or runner nozzles
    • B29C45/28Closure devices therefor
    • B29C45/2806Closure devices therefor consisting of needle valve systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/26Moulds
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    • B29C45/28Closure devices therefor
    • B29C45/2806Closure devices therefor consisting of needle valve systems
    • B29C45/281Drive means therefor
    • B29C2045/2824Needle valves driven by an electric motor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/26Moulds
    • B29C45/27Sprue channels ; Runner channels or runner nozzles
    • B29C45/28Closure devices therefor
    • B29C45/2806Closure devices therefor consisting of needle valve systems
    • B29C2045/2872Closure devices therefor consisting of needle valve systems with at least three positions, e.g. two different open positions to control the melt flow
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2945/76003Measured parameter
    • B29C2945/7602Torque
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2945/76177Location of measurement
    • B29C2945/76254Mould
    • B29C2945/76274Mould runners, nozzles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2945/76494Controlled parameter
    • B29C2945/76568Position
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2945/76494Controlled parameter
    • B29C2945/76595Velocity
    • B29C2945/76598Velocity linear movement
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2945/76655Location of control
    • B29C2945/76732Mould
    • B29C2945/76752Mould runners, nozzles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2945/76655Location of control
    • B29C2945/76732Mould
    • B29C2945/76752Mould runners, nozzles
    • B29C2945/76755Mould runners, nozzles nozzles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/26Moulds
    • B29C45/27Sprue channels ; Runner channels or runner nozzles
    • B29C45/28Closure devices therefor
    • B29C45/2806Closure devices therefor consisting of needle valve systems
    • B29C45/281Drive means therefor

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

用于通过成型装置将塑性材料注入成型至空腔中的方法,所述成型装置包含至少一个注射器,所述注射器包括可在完全闭合位置和最大开启位置之间关于其位置和速度以可控的方式位移的针阀,并且反之亦然。在由完全闭合位置至最大开启位置的开启位移中,针阀开始时以第一速度移动,并随后以第二速度移动:第一速度为针阀的最高开启位移速度。

Description

用于塑性材料的注入成型的方法和装置
本申请是申请日为2015年12月11日(优先权日为2014年12月11日)、发明名称为“用于塑性材料的注入成型的方法和装置”、申请号为201511036296.3的中国专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及塑性材料的注入成型,并且更特定地其涉及用于在压力下借助于包含流体塑性材料的分配器的装置来注入成型,该分配器连接至至少一个注射器,该注射器包括在完全闭合位置和最大开启位置之间可移置的针阀,反之亦然。
背景技术
典型地,这些注入成型方法包含使用塑性材料填充空腔的步骤,随后将针阀由闭合位置移置至最大开启位置,之后为在压力下对注射至空腔中的塑性材料进行压缩的步骤,其中,针阀被保持在最大开启位置。针阀然后由最大开启位置移置至完全闭合位置,并在等待期后由模具去除成型细节,从而允许塑性材料固化。
针阀或每个注射器的移置通常通过流体致动器执行。最近已提出其中针阀通过电子系统以可控的方式通过旋转电子致动器来操作。
使用电子致动器来操作成型装置的每个注射器的针阀例如描述于文献JP-06114887、US-7,121,820和EP-2679374(代表申请人)。与流体致动器相比,电子致动器更易于控制,其使用电子系统,根据工艺参数进行操作,通过特定的传感器和/或特定的运算法则进行检测。这允许有效地控制针阀在闭合位置和开启位置之间的位置,从而改变在成型周期中所注射的塑性材料的流动,例如如在US-6,294,122中描述的,并改变针阀在其由闭合位置至开启位置的位移移动过程中的位移速度。因此,文献WO-2012/074879和WO-2012/087491公开了控制电子致动器来以连续的方式使针阀由闭合位置位移至开启位置,开始时以初始速度并随后以一个或多个高于所述初始速度的速度。这样的控制根据时间或者通过针阀由其闭合位置开始覆盖的空间来执行。
这种类型的控制对于实际的工艺条件、即一系列大量变化的参数,例如根据操作条件和塑性材料的物理状态以及供给至注射器的塑性材料的压力的变化是困难的。
特别地,分配器中的注射压力在开启针阀并由此开启模具的注射浇口前的时刻是最大的。在这些条件中,用以开启针阀的不可忽视的位移可能会由于注射压力快速而又集中的释放在成型部件上于浇口附近产生表面缺陷。与注射塑性材料的流线相应的这些审美缺陷有时是明显的和不可接受的。
在针阀闭合步骤结束时,由于塑性材料朝向浇口可能的渗漏,可能会出现其它不可忽视的审美缺陷。
因此,无论是从机械还是从审美的角度出发,对于需要高质量细节的注入成型来说,特别期望进行更加精确的控制。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于通过控制能够允许限制或者完全消除如上所述的成型部件缺陷的注射工艺,通过在整个开启和闭合循环中的各个电子致动器的新且新颖的控制来作用每个成型装置注射器的针阀的位置和速度,提供对前述技术问题的有效的技术方案。
以获得该目的为目标,本发明目标在于提供一种在介绍部分中定义类型的注入成型方法,其中在由完全闭合位置至最大开启位置的开启移置时,针阀首先以第一速度移动,并随后以第二速度移动,其主要特征在于这样的事实,即所述第一速度高于所述至少一个第二速度。
由于这种技术方案构思,成型装置分配器的部分真空在注射周期开始时发生,基于此,成型部件的表面质量可被显著地改善。
第一速度便利地为针阀的最高开启移置速度,其以这样的第一速度由完全闭合位置移动直至部分开启位置。在这种部分开启位置中,针阀暂时性地停止确定的时间,因而其朝向最大开启位置的移置是不连续的。
根据另一个方面,根据本发明的方法的特征进一步在于,针阀由最大开启位置朝向完全闭合位置移置时,在局部闭合中间位置中暂时性地停止确定的时间周期,由此朝向完全闭合位置的其移置是不连续的。
本发明的另一独特的特征在于这样的事实,即在部分闭合中间位置中的所述确定的停止时间的结束时,作为工艺参数的函数预先确定的扭矩被施加至电子致动器,以便将针阀由中间部分闭合位置移置至完全闭合位置。
该特征允许在注射循环的结束时获得浇口的“强制性闭合”,其允许保证消除塑性材料的渗漏,并由此进一步有利地影响成型部件的审美质量。
本发明还涉及用于实施注入成型方法的装置。
附图说明
本发明现在将仅仅借助于非限制性实例参考附图进行详细说明,其中:
图1为示出在根据本发明的方法的第一步骤中所示的注入成型装置的一部分的局部示意和轴向剖视图,
图2至8为示出根据本发明的方法的其它步骤的与图1类似的图示,
图9为表示在根据图1至8中所示的本发明的方法的步骤期间作为时间的函数的针阀的位置的图示,并且
图10为示出与在图9中所示的针阀位置相关的作为时间的函数的针阀速度的图示。
具体实施方式
以常规的方式并且代表申请人的如在上文提及的文献EP-2679374中所描述的,图1示意地示出用于注入成型塑性材料的装置的一部分,用于分配熔融塑性材料的元件或者热室将塑性材料供给至一个或多个注射器,每个注射器包含通常以1表示的喷嘴,其通过注射浇口4与模具3的空腔2连通。塑性材料经过浇口4的流动由针阀5来控制,该针阀5可以沿着喷嘴1通过致动器(未示出)在图1中所示的完全闭合前进位置和图5中所示的最大开启后退位置之间轴向地移置。
针阀5能够在零值(完全闭合位置)和最大值(最大开启位置)之间精确地改变穿过浇口并进入模具3的空腔2的塑性材料的流速,并且反之亦然。
在所述实例的情况中,与浇口4配合的针阀5的尖端以6表示,其为圆柱形的:可替换地,其可以是截头圆锥形的。
控制针阀5的移置的致动器为电子致动器,并且更特定地是旋转电子马达。为了简要说明,其并未示出,并且其例如为在上述代表申请人的文献EP-2679374中所描述和说明的类型,其中,旋转电子马达的轴通过传动装置来驱动针阀5,该传动装置包括螺杆和螺母组以及摆动杆。
电子马达依次可操作地连接至可编程电子控制单元,并构造为根据其位置及其移置速度,以可控的方式驱动针阀5。该控制可作为成型装置的操作参数和/或预设定参数的函数来执行,该操作参数例如为注射入模具3的空腔2的塑性材料的压力。
下文为根据本发明方法执行的针阀5的开启周期(上游)和闭合周期(下游)的描述,其允许保证成型部件最优化的表面质量。
填充步骤
喷嘴1中的注射压力在开启浇口4之前的时刻为最大的。在这些条件下,由于注射压力的快速而又集中的释放,开启针阀5的显著的移置会在成型部件上于浇口4附近产生表面缺陷。尤其是,在这种情况中,可在成型部件上观察到注射材料的流线。
本发明所基于的概念在于通过电子致动器和相关的电子控制单元来精确地控制针阀5的位置和速度,从而限制或完全消除这种类型的缺陷。尤其是,本发明提供了通过如下独特的方法来执行成型装置的喷嘴1和分配器或热室的初始部分减压:
-参见图1,针阀5在开始时使其尖端6(如所述的圆柱形或截头圆锥形的)处于浇口4的完全闭合的位置A。热室中的并且在注射器的喷嘴1中作用的注射压力为最大的;
-针阀5在开始时以可在整个开启步骤过程中可观察到的速度中的最大速度移动,直至部分开启浇口4的第一位置B,其在电子控制单元中恰当地设置。位置B为使得,即为流至浇口4外侧的材料留下最小间隙,并开始填充空腔(图2)。然而,这样的最小间隙应当不会使材料降解;
-位置B由此而被保持,同时流动材料将模具的空腔2填充至如下程度:使得其能够借助于专用传感器正确地读取注射压力。压力测量可以使用在空腔中放置的传感器执行,或者通过读取电子马达的扭矩间接地执行,如在代表申请人的意大利专利申请T02014A000701中所描述的,其在本申请提交时并未被公开。针阀5在B中保持固定,直至注射压力在电子控制单元中达到预定值(点B’,图3)。因而,高初始压力以可控的并且非突然的方式被释放,限制或消除了成型制品在浇口4附近的相应的表面缺陷。
备选地,在电子控制单元中,位置B被保持预设的时间周期,例如作为动态过程模拟的结果获得的或者随后在启动成型装置的步骤中所尝试的,评价每次获得的表面;
-在达到期望压力时,或者预设时间周期结束时,根据用于填充电子控制单元中的程序段的通用最佳循环,针阀5进一步向上移动,达到部分开启位置C(图4)。然而,从B’和C的开启速度总是低于初始部分A-B;
-针阀5进一步向上游移动,直至最大开启位置Z(图5),并不必须与针阀冲击的上截止中心相一致(100%)。部分C-Z的开启速度并取决于在电子控制单元中设定的最佳周期,相对于之前的部分B’-C可以不显著地更高、更低或相同(恒定速度)。在任何情况中,其将总是低于初始部分A-B。
可能在位置C和位置Z之间提供识别相应的部分C-D、D-E等的其它位置D、E、F等。作为在电子控制单元中编程的最佳周期的函数,在B’至Z之间由单独部分B’-C、C-D、D-E、E-F等绘制的速度曲线可以是不同的形状(并不必须是恒定的或者单一的速度增加)。在B’至Z之间包含的每个单独部分的速度将总是明确地低于第一部分A-B。
-在达到最大开启位置Z后,该周期继续进行在模具3的空腔2中对塑性材料进行保压的步骤。位置Z可以在填充步骤结束和保压步骤开始之间保持固定(零速度)预定的时间周期。
保压步骤
在保压步骤期间,由电子马达施加的扭矩会迅速地并自动地变化,以作为观察到的周围条件(例如压力)的函数调整预设针阀5的闭合周期。在周期结束时,针阀5应当闭合浇口,由此保证不存在渗漏。
出于此目的,本发明提供了在针阀闭合冲击的最后部分中作为工艺条件(例如材料、压力)的函数施加在电子控制单元中预设的扭矩值,其允许获得浇口4“强制性的”机械闭合,并保证不存在渗漏。
根据本发明的闭合周期如下地执行:
-从最大开启位置Z,针阀5经过一个或更多个中间位置Y、X、W等,向下游朝向浇口4移动(图6)。对于可能存在的每个单独部分Z-Y、Y-X、X-W等来说,可观察到的闭合速度曲线可作为在电子控制单元中设定的周期而各种形成(并不必须是恒定的或单一的速度增加,而是可存在例如零速度部分);
-针阀5继续向下移动,直至浇口4附近的部分闭合位置N(距离例如可例如为1mm)。这样的位置可保持用于在电子控制单元中预设的短暂的时间周期(点N’,图7);
-从位置N’,作为工艺参数(例如材料、压力)的函数预设的扭矩会被施加至针阀5,由于此,其会达到浇口4的完全闭合位置A,保证不存在渗漏并利用合适的安全边缘完成保压步骤(图8)。典型地,最后部分的闭合速度将会是相当缓慢的。
图9和10分别示出根据之前描述的发明的方法致动的针阀5的大体完全开启和闭合周期期间的位置和速度曲线,并且控制针阀5的位置和速度的主要独特的特征概括如下:
-在部分A-B中以在开启步骤中可观察到的速度中的最大速度来开启;
-保持位置B(零速度),直至在模具空腔中达到预设压力(点B’),或者达到预设时间周期的结束;
-B’至Z之间的速度曲线可以是不同的,但是单独部分的开启速度总是低于初始部分A-B的速度;
-在施加作为工艺参数的函数确定的预设“强制性的”闭合扭矩之前(点N’),在浇口附近保持位置N(零速度)预设短暂的时间周期;
-由于施加预设扭矩闭合N’-A;
-移动针阀,以用于非连续地、即不连续地开启和闭合。
最后,应当观察到,尽管本发明已经参考单独的注射器进行了描述,但是特别有利的是,可以使用多个注射器进行级联注射或顺序注射。

Claims (2)

1.一种用于借助于成型装置将塑性材料注入成型至模具的空腔以在注射周期期间产生成型制品的方法,所述成型装置包括至少一个注射器,其在压力下被供应流体塑性材料并包括针阀,所述针阀在完全闭合位置和最大开启位置之间可移置,并且反之亦然,其中,所述针阀通过电子致动器在其移置期间关于其位置和速度以受控的方式被驱动,并且其中,所述针阀在由所述完全闭合位置至所述最大开启位置的开启移置期间首先以第一速度移动到部分开启位置,在所述部分开启位置处暂时地停止确定的时间段,且随后以第二速度移动,并且其中,所述第一速度是所述针阀的开启移置的最大速度。
2.一种用于借助于成型装置将塑性材料注入成型至模具的空腔以在注射周期期间产生成型制品的方法,所述成型装置包括至少一个注射器,其在压力下被供有流体塑性材料并包括针阀,所述针阀在完全闭合位置和最大开启位置之间可移置,并且反之亦然,其中,所述针阀在其移置期间关于其位置和速度以受控的方式被驱动,其中,所述针阀在由所述完全闭合位置至所述最大开启位置的开启移置期间在部分开启位置处暂时地停止确定的时间段,其中,所述针阀首先以第一速度移动,且随后以第二速度移动,并且其中,所述第一速度是所述针阀的开启移置的最大速度。
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