CN115156749A - Method for welding copper-tungsten and steel - Google Patents
Method for welding copper-tungsten and steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN115156749A CN115156749A CN202210799940.6A CN202210799940A CN115156749A CN 115156749 A CN115156749 A CN 115156749A CN 202210799940 A CN202210799940 A CN 202210799940A CN 115156749 A CN115156749 A CN 115156749A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 177
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 177
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tungsten Chemical compound [Cu].[W] SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;trihydrate Chemical group O.O.O.[Fe].[Fe] YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001856 aerosol method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a welding method of copper and tungsten and steel, which comprises the following steps of S1, firstly, processing a steel billet and a copper and tungsten alloy billet according to design requirements, and then carrying out mechanical polishing, cleaning and drying treatment to obtain a steel base metal and a copper and tungsten alloy base metal; s2, assembling the steel base material and the copper-tungsten alloy base material, filling copper powder into a gap between the steel base material and the copper-tungsten alloy base material, and finally placing the assembled steel base material and copper-tungsten alloy base material into a graphite crucible; s3, placing the graphite crucible into a vacuum furnace for vacuum sintering treatment to obtain a copper-tungsten steel alloy sintered part, and then carrying out surface sand blasting and quenching treatment on the copper-tungsten steel alloy sintered part to obtain a copper-tungsten steel alloy welded part; the method has reasonable process design and strong operability, effectively improves the welding strength of copper, tungsten and steel, and promotes the development of the power electronic industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy material welding, in particular to a method for welding copper, tungsten and steel.
Background
The tungsten-copper alloy is a two-phase monomer uniform mixed structure which consists of tungsten and copper, does not mutually dissolve in a solid state, does not form intermetallic compounds, has good heat conductivity and electrical conductivity, thermal shock resistance, dimensional stability and high-temperature strength, and is applied to heat dissipation and heat sink materials of high-power microwave devices, ultrahigh-voltage electrical contacts and plasma-facing components; in the aerospace and military industries, the high-temperature component can be used for high-temperature components such as throat linings, nozzles, gas rudders and the like of rockets and missile tail nozzles; research shows that the dissimilar materials of tungsten-copper alloy and stainless steel are connected to form the composite piece, so that the advantages of high heat conductivity and electric conductivity, thermal shock resistance and high-temperature oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of the tungsten-copper alloy can be fully exerted, respective defects are made up, and the tungsten-copper composite piece has important significance in improving the overall performance of the composite piece and expanding the application of the tungsten-copper alloy.
At present copper tungsten is mostly silver-colored brazing with the welding mode of steel and is connect, and for increasing the cohesion, most designs for the step form is in order to increase welding area, and the filling degree of difficulty of welding wire has been increaseed in the design like this, and a welding heat resistance is poor moreover, and intensity is not high, and welding process is higher to operating personnel's technical requirement, and the gas pocket of welding seam is difficult to avoid, seriously influences the quality of a welding.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a method for welding copper, tungsten and steel.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a welding method of copper and tungsten and steel comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of parent metal
S1-1, respectively processing a steel billet and a copper-tungsten alloy billet into required shapes according to the design requirements of a workpiece, then processing a welding groove at one end of the steel billet, processing a welding hole at the other end of the steel billet, and enabling the welding hole to penetrate through the steel billet and be conducted with the welding groove;
s1-2, respectively carrying out mechanical polishing, cleaning and drying treatment on the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet obtained in the step S1-1 to obtain a steel base metal and a copper-tungsten alloy base metal;
s2, assembling base materials
S2-1, filling the copper-tungsten alloy base metal obtained in the step S1-2 into a welding groove of a steel base metal, and controlling the gap between the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal to be 0.05-0.15 mm;
s2-2, laying white corundum powder with the thickness of 0.8-1.5 mm at the bottom in the graphite crucible, then placing the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal assembled in the step S2-1 into the graphite crucible, and finally filling the white corundum powder between the graphite crucible and the steel base metal; wherein the granularity of the white alundum powder is 120-250 meshes;
s2-3, filling copper powder with the granularity of 400-700 meshes into the welding hole of the steel base material obtained in the step S2-2; wherein the filling amount of the copper powder is 1.2 to 1.8 times of the required amount for welding;
s3, welding
S3-1, placing the copper-tungsten alloy base metal, the steel base metal and the graphite crucible assembled in the step S2-3 into a vacuum furnace for vacuum sintering treatment, controlling the vacuum degree in the vacuum furnace to be 0.1-0.5 Pa, the sintering temperature to be 850-1100 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2-3 h, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain a copper-tungsten steel alloy sintered part;
and S3-2, performing surface sand blasting treatment on the copper-tungsten steel alloy sintered part obtained in the step S3-1, then putting the sintered part into a sodium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 10-15% for quenching treatment for 5-12 min, and finally, preserving heat for 3-4 h at the temperature of 350-550 ℃ to obtain a copper-tungsten steel alloy welding part.
Further, in the step S1-2, in the mechanical polishing process of the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet, firstly, 800-mesh water sand paper is used for mechanical polishing, then 1500-mesh water sand paper is used for mechanical polishing, after the mechanical polishing is finished, the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet are cleaned by cleaning solution, and finally the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet are placed in a drying oven at 50-80 ℃ for drying treatment; wherein the cleaning solution is prepared by compounding deionized water and acetone solution according to the volume ratio of 5-8:1; the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet are polished for multiple times, and impurities such as surface oil stains and the like are removed through cleaning, so that harmful gas generation in the welding process can be reduced, and the welding quality of the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet can be improved.
Further, in the step S2-3, the copper powder comprises a first copper powder and a second copper powder, the proportion of the first copper powder to the second copper powder is 1:2-4, the particle size of the first copper powder is 400-500 meshes, and the particle size of the second copper powder is 500-700 meshes; copper powder with different grain diameters is used as the welding flux of the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet, so that the wettability and diffusivity of the copper powder in the welding process are improved, the quality of a welding seam is improved, and the welding strength is improved.
Further, in step S3-1, a welding pressure of 0.8 to 1.5MPa is applied to the assembled copper-tungsten alloy base metal and steel base metal, and the welding pressure is maintained for 30 to 55min, so that the effect of thermal stress during welding can be weakened and cracking of the base metal during welding can be avoided by applying the welding pressure to the assembled copper-tungsten alloy base metal and steel base metal.
Further, in step S3-1, the specific operation of the cooling process is: filling high-purity nitrogen into the vacuum furnace to reduce the temperature in the vacuum furnace to 150-250 ℃, and then cooling the vacuum furnace to room temperature along with the furnace; the nitrogen can be used for rapidly cooling the copper-tungsten steel alloy sintered part, and the temperature resistance and the shear strength of the copper-tungsten steel alloy welded part are favorably improved.
Further, before the step S1-1, the billet is subjected to a plastic property treatment, specifically: firstly, the upsetting and the drawing-out treatment of the billet are sequentially carried out for 3 to 7 times at the temperature of 500 to 700 ℃, and then the heat preservation treatment is carried out on the billet for 35 to 55min at the temperature of 600 to 700 ℃; the steel billet is subjected to plastic treatment, so that the welding combination rate of the steel billet and the copper-tungsten billet is improved.
Furthermore, after the step S1-2 is finished, the surface of the welding groove is provided with stripes with the depth of 0.1-0.3 mm and the distance of 0.3-0.5 mm, and the stripes are arranged on the surface of the welding groove, so that impurity gas can be rapidly discharged in the welding process, and the welding strength is improved.
Further, after the step S3-2 is finished, firstly removing the weld reinforcement of the copper-tungsten steel alloy welding part, and then spraying an anti-rust paint with the thickness of 20-80 mu m, wherein the anti-rust paint is iron red alkyd anti-rust paint; the anti-rust paint is sprayed on the surface of the copper-tungsten steel alloy welding piece, so that the corrosion resistance of the copper-tungsten steel alloy welding piece is improved, and the service life is prolonged.
Further, in the step S3-1, firstly, the temperature of the vacuum furnace is increased to 450-850 ℃ at the temperature increasing rate of 5-10 ℃/min, and then is increased to 850-1100 ℃ at the temperature increasing rate of 15-25 ℃/min; heating the vacuum furnace at different heating rates is beneficial to reducing the deformation of the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal during welding and improving the welding strength and parallelism of the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal.
Further, the first copper powder and the second copper powder are both prepared by an aerosol method, and the first copper powder and the second copper powder are respectively subjected to deoxidation treatment after being prepared; the first copper powder and the second copper powder are deoxidized, so that the conductivity and the mechanical property of the copper-tungsten-steel alloy welding part are improved, and the applicability of the copper-tungsten-steel alloy welding part in the power electronic industry is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are embodied in the following points:
the method has reasonable design, breaks through the existing welding mode of copper, tungsten and steel, has reliable and stable welding surface of the obtained copper-tungsten-steel alloy welding part, has low cost in the welding process, can be widely put into production, and improves the utilization rate and the economic benefit of the copper-tungsten-steel alloy welding part;
secondly, the welding process for welding the copper-tungsten-steel alloy welding part greatly simplifies the traditional welding process, and reduces the technical requirements of the welding process on workers, thereby reducing the dependence of the welding process on labor and simultaneously reducing the labor intensity of the workers;
thirdly, the invention innovatively utilizes copper powder as the solder of copper, tungsten and steel, and has the advantages of wide solder source and good economy; and copper powder is used as a welding flux, so that a pore-free compact welding seam can be formed in the gap between the copper, the tungsten and the steel, and the welding quality of the copper, the tungsten and the steel is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an assembly view of a copper-tungsten alloy base metal, a steel base metal, and a graphite crucible of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a copper tungsten steel alloy weldment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
Example 1
A welding method of copper and tungsten and steel comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of parent metal
S1-1, respectively processing a steel billet and a copper-tungsten alloy billet into required shapes according to the design requirements of a workpiece, then processing a welding groove at one end of the steel billet, processing a welding hole at the other end of the steel billet, and enabling the welding hole to penetrate through the steel billet and be conducted with the welding groove;
s1-2, respectively carrying out mechanical polishing, cleaning and drying treatment on the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet obtained in the step S1-1 to obtain a steel base metal and a copper-tungsten alloy base metal;
s2, assembling base materials
S2-1, filling the copper-tungsten alloy base metal obtained in the step S1-2 into a welding groove of a steel base metal, and controlling the gap between the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal to be 0.05mm;
s2-2, laying white corundum powder with the thickness of 0.8mm at the bottom in the graphite crucible, then placing the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal which are assembled in the step S2-1 into the graphite crucible, and finally filling the white corundum powder between the graphite crucible and the steel base metal; wherein the granularity of the white alundum powder is 120-160 meshes;
s2-3, filling copper powder with the granularity of 400-520 meshes into the welding hole of the steel base material obtained in the step S2-2; wherein the filling amount of the copper powder is 1.2 times of the dosage required by welding;
s3, welding
S3-1, placing the copper-tungsten alloy base metal, the steel base metal and the graphite crucible assembled in the step S2-3 into a vacuum furnace for vacuum sintering treatment, controlling the vacuum degree in the vacuum furnace to be 0.1Pa, the sintering temperature to be 850 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a copper-tungsten steel alloy sintered part;
and S3-2, performing surface sand blasting on the copper-tungsten steel alloy sintered part obtained in the step S3-1, then putting the sintered part into a sodium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 10% for quenching treatment for 5min, and finally, preserving heat for 3h at 350 ℃ to obtain the copper-tungsten steel alloy welded part.
Example 2
A welding method of copper and tungsten and steel comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of parent metal
S1-1, respectively processing a steel billet and a copper-tungsten alloy billet into required shapes according to the design requirements of a workpiece, then processing a welding groove at one end of the steel billet, processing a welding hole at the other end of the steel billet, and enabling the welding hole to penetrate through the steel billet and be conducted with the welding groove;
s1-2, respectively carrying out mechanical polishing, cleaning and drying treatment on the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet obtained in the step S1-1 to obtain a steel base metal and a copper-tungsten alloy base metal; in the process of mechanically polishing the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet, firstly, mechanically polishing by using 800-mesh water abrasive paper, then, mechanically polishing by using 1500-mesh water abrasive paper, after the mechanical polishing is finished, cleaning the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet by using a cleaning solution, and finally, drying the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet in a drying oven at 50 ℃; wherein the cleaning solution is prepared by compounding deionized water and acetone solution according to the volume ratio of 5:1;
s2, assembling base materials
S2-1, filling the copper-tungsten alloy base metal obtained in the step S1-2 into a welding groove of a steel base metal, and controlling the gap between the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal to be 0.10mm;
s2-2, laying white corundum powder with the thickness of 1.2mm at the bottom in the graphite crucible, then placing the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal assembled in the step S2-1 into the graphite crucible, and finally filling the white corundum powder between the graphite crucible and the steel base metal; wherein the granularity of the white alundum powder is 160-190 meshes;
s2-3, filling copper powder with the granularity of 520-610 meshes into the welding hole of the steel base material obtained in the step S2-2; wherein the filling amount of the copper powder is 1.6 times of the dosage required by welding;
s3, welding
S3-1, placing the copper-tungsten alloy base metal, the steel base metal and the graphite crucible assembled in the step S2-3 into a vacuum furnace for vacuum sintering treatment, controlling the vacuum degree in the vacuum furnace to be 0.4Pa, the sintering temperature to be 980 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain a copper-tungsten steel alloy sintered part;
and S3-2, performing surface sand blasting on the copper-tungsten steel alloy sintered part obtained in the step S3-1, then putting the sintered part into a sodium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 12% for quenching treatment for 9min, and finally, preserving heat for 4h at 480 ℃ to obtain the copper-tungsten steel alloy welded part.
Example 3
A welding method of copper and tungsten and steel comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of parent metal
S1-1, respectively processing a steel billet and a copper-tungsten alloy billet into required shapes according to the design requirements of a workpiece, then processing a welding groove at one end of the steel billet, processing a welding hole at the other end of the steel billet, and enabling the welding hole to penetrate through the steel billet and be conducted with the welding groove;
s1-2, respectively carrying out mechanical polishing, cleaning and drying treatment on the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet obtained in the step S1-1 to obtain a steel base metal and a copper-tungsten alloy base metal;
s2, assembling base materials
S2-1, filling the copper-tungsten alloy base metal obtained in the step S1-2 into a welding groove of a steel base metal, and controlling the gap between the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal to be 0.15mm;
s2-2, laying white corundum powder with the thickness of 1.5mm at the bottom in the graphite crucible, then placing the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal assembled in the step S2-1 into the graphite crucible, and finally filling the white corundum powder between the graphite crucible and the steel base metal; wherein the granularity of the white alundum powder is 190-250 meshes;
s2-3, filling copper powder into the welding hole of the steel base material obtained in the step S2-2; wherein the filling amount of the copper powder is 1.8 times of the dosage required by welding; the copper powder comprises first copper powder and second copper powder, the proportion of the first copper powder to the second copper powder is 1:2, the particle size of the first copper powder is 400-450 meshes, and the particle size of the second copper powder is 500-600 meshes; the first copper powder and the second copper powder are prepared by an aerosol method, and are respectively subjected to deoxidation treatment after the preparation;
s3, welding
S3-1, placing the copper-tungsten alloy base metal, the steel base metal and the graphite crucible assembled in the step S2-3 into a vacuum furnace for vacuum sintering treatment, controlling the vacuum degree in the vacuum furnace to be 0.5Pa, the sintering temperature to be 1100 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a copper-tungsten steel alloy sintered part;
and S3-2, performing surface sand blasting on the copper-tungsten steel alloy sintered part obtained in the step S3-1, then putting the sintered part into a sodium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 15% for quenching treatment for 12min, and finally, preserving heat for 4h at 550 ℃ to obtain the copper-tungsten steel alloy welded part.
Example 4
A welding method of copper and tungsten and steel comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of parent metal
S1-1, respectively processing a steel billet and a copper-tungsten alloy billet into required shapes according to the design requirements of a workpiece, then processing a welding groove at one end of the steel billet, processing a welding hole at the other end of the steel billet, and enabling the welding hole to penetrate through the steel billet and be conducted with the welding groove;
s1-2, respectively carrying out mechanical polishing, cleaning and drying treatment on the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet obtained in the step S1-1 to obtain a steel base metal and a copper-tungsten alloy base metal;
s2, assembling base materials
S2-1, filling the copper-tungsten alloy base metal obtained in the step S1-2 into a welding groove of a steel base metal, and controlling the gap between the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal to be 0.05mm;
s2-2, laying white corundum powder with the thickness of 0.8mm at the bottom in the graphite crucible, then placing the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal which are assembled in the step S2-1 into the graphite crucible, and finally filling the white corundum powder between the graphite crucible and the steel base metal; wherein the granularity of the white alundum powder is 120-150 meshes;
s2-3, filling copper powder with the granularity of 610-700 meshes into the welding hole of the steel base material obtained in the step S2-2; wherein the filling amount of the copper powder is 1.2 times of the dosage required by welding;
s3, welding
S3-1, placing the copper-tungsten alloy base metal, the steel base metal and the graphite crucible which are assembled in the step S2-3 into a vacuum furnace for vacuum sintering treatment, applying welding pressure of 0.8MPa to the assembled copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the assembled steel base metal, keeping the welding pressure for 30min, controlling the vacuum degree in the vacuum furnace to be 0.1Pa, the sintering temperature to be 850 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2h, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain a copper-tungsten-steel alloy sintered part; the cooling process comprises the following specific operations: filling high-purity nitrogen into the vacuum furnace to reduce the temperature in the vacuum furnace to 150 ℃, and then cooling the vacuum furnace to room temperature along with the furnace;
s3-2, performing surface sand blasting treatment on the copper-tungsten-steel alloy sintered part obtained in the step S3-1, then putting the sintered part into a sodium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 10% for quenching treatment for 5min, and finally, preserving heat for 3h at 350 ℃ to obtain the copper-tungsten-steel alloy welded part.
Example 5
A method for welding copper, tungsten and steel comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of parent metal
S1-1, performing plastic property treatment on the steel billet, and specifically operating as follows: firstly, sequentially upsetting and lengthening a steel billet at 500 ℃ for 3 times, and then preserving heat of the steel billet at 600 ℃ for 35min; then respectively processing the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet into required shapes according to the design requirements of a workpiece, then processing a welding groove at one end of the steel billet, processing a welding hole at the other end of the steel billet, and enabling the welding hole to penetrate through the steel billet and be communicated with the welding groove;
s1-2, respectively carrying out mechanical polishing, cleaning and drying treatment on the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet obtained in the step S1-1 to obtain a steel base metal and a copper-tungsten alloy base metal; forming stripes with the depth of 0.1mm and the distance of 0.3mm on the surface of the welding groove;
s2, assembling base materials
S2-1, filling the copper-tungsten alloy base metal obtained in the step S1-2 into a welding groove of a steel base metal, and controlling the gap between the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal to be 0.15mm;
s2-2, laying white corundum powder with the thickness of 1.5mm at the bottom in the graphite crucible, then placing the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal which are assembled in the step S2-1 into the graphite crucible, and finally filling the white corundum powder between the graphite crucible and the steel base metal; wherein the granularity of the white alundum powder is 150-180 meshes;
s2-3, filling copper powder with the granularity of 400-500 meshes into the welding hole of the steel base material obtained in the step S2-2; wherein the filling amount of the copper powder is 1.8 times of the required using amount for welding;
s3, welding
S3-1, placing the copper-tungsten alloy base metal, the steel base metal and the graphite crucible assembled in the step S2-3 into a vacuum furnace for vacuum sintering treatment, controlling the vacuum degree in the vacuum furnace to be 0.5Pa, the sintering temperature to be 1100 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a copper-tungsten steel alloy sintered part;
and S3-2, performing surface sand blasting on the copper-tungsten steel alloy sintered part obtained in the step S3-1, then putting the sintered part into a sodium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 15% for quenching treatment for 12min, and finally, preserving heat for 4h at 550 ℃ to obtain the copper-tungsten steel alloy welded part.
Example 6
A welding method of copper and tungsten and steel comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of parent metal
S1-1, respectively processing a steel billet and a copper-tungsten alloy billet into required shapes according to the design requirements of a workpiece, then processing a welding groove at one end of the steel billet, processing a welding hole at the other end of the steel billet, and enabling the welding hole to penetrate through the steel billet and be communicated with the welding groove;
s1-2, respectively carrying out mechanical polishing, cleaning and drying treatment on the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet obtained in the step S1-1 to obtain a steel base metal and a copper-tungsten alloy base metal;
s2, assembling base materials
S2-1, filling the copper-tungsten alloy base metal obtained in the step S1-2 into a welding groove of a steel base metal, and controlling the gap between the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal to be 0.05mm;
s2-2, laying white corundum powder with the thickness of 0.8mm at the bottom in the graphite crucible, then placing the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal which are assembled in the step S2-1 into the graphite crucible, and finally filling the white corundum powder between the graphite crucible and the steel base metal; wherein the granularity of the white alundum powder is 180-250 meshes;
s2-3, filling copper powder with the granularity of 500-700 meshes into the welding hole of the steel base material obtained in the step S2-2; wherein the filling amount of the copper powder is 1.2 times of the dosage required by welding;
s3, welding
S3-1, placing the copper-tungsten alloy base metal, the steel base metal and the graphite crucible which are assembled in the step S2-3 into a vacuum furnace for vacuum sintering treatment, controlling the vacuum degree in the vacuum furnace to be 0.1Pa, the sintering temperature to be 850 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2h, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain a copper-tungsten-steel alloy sintered part; in the heating process of the vacuum furnace, firstly, the temperature is increased to 450 ℃ at the temperature increase rate of 5 ℃/min, and then, the temperature is increased to 850 ℃ at the temperature increase rate of 15 ℃/min;
s3-2, performing surface sand blasting on the copper-tungsten steel alloy sintered part obtained in the step S3-1, then putting the sintered part into a sodium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 10% for quenching treatment for 5min, and finally, preserving heat for 3h at 350 ℃ to obtain a copper-tungsten steel alloy welded part; and finally removing the weld reinforcement of the copper-tungsten steel alloy welding piece, and spraying anti-rust paint with the thickness of 20 mu m, wherein the anti-rust paint is iron red alkyd anti-rust paint.
Example 7
A welding method of copper and tungsten and steel comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of parent metal
S1-1, firstly, carrying out plastic property treatment on a billet, and specifically operating as follows: firstly, sequentially upsetting and lengthening a steel billet at 700 ℃ for 7 times, and then carrying out heat preservation treatment on the steel billet at 700 ℃ for 55min; then respectively processing the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet into required shapes according to the design requirements of a workpiece, then processing a welding groove at one end of the steel billet, processing a welding hole at the other end of the steel billet, and enabling the welding hole to penetrate through the steel billet and be communicated with the welding groove;
s1-2, respectively carrying out mechanical polishing, cleaning and drying treatment on the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet obtained in the step S1-1 to obtain a steel base metal and a copper-tungsten alloy base metal; in the mechanical polishing process of the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet, firstly, performing mechanical polishing by using 800 meshes of water sand paper, then performing mechanical polishing by using 1500 meshes of water sand paper, after the mechanical polishing is finished, cleaning the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet by using a cleaning solution, and finally, placing the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet into a drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying treatment; wherein the cleaning solution is prepared by compounding deionized water and acetone solution according to the volume ratio of 8:1; forming stripes with the depth of 0.3mm and the distance of 0.5mm on the surface of the welding groove;
s2, assembling base materials
S2-1, filling the copper-tungsten alloy base metal obtained in the step S1-2 into a welding groove of a steel base metal, and controlling the gap between the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal to be 0.15mm;
s2-2, laying white corundum powder with the thickness of 0.8mm at the bottom in the graphite crucible, then placing the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal which are assembled in the step S2-1 into the graphite crucible, and finally filling the white corundum powder between the graphite crucible and the steel base metal; wherein the granularity of the white alundum powder is 180-250 meshes;
s2-3, filling copper powder into the welding hole of the steel base material obtained in the step S2-2; wherein the filling amount of the copper powder is 1.2 times of the dosage required by welding; the copper powder comprises first copper powder and second copper powder, the proportion of the first copper powder to the second copper powder is 1:4, the particle size of the first copper powder is 450-500 meshes, and the particle size of the second copper powder is 600-700 meshes; the first copper powder and the second copper powder are both prepared by an aerosol method, and are respectively subjected to deoxidation treatment after the first copper powder and the second copper powder are prepared;
s3, welding
S3-1, placing the copper-tungsten alloy base metal, the steel base metal and the graphite crucible assembled in the step S2-3 into a vacuum furnace for vacuum sintering treatment, controlling the vacuum degree in the vacuum furnace to be 0.5Pa, firstly heating the vacuum furnace to 750 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and then heating to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 25 ℃/min; keeping the temperature for 3h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a copper-tungsten steel alloy sintered part; the cooling process specifically operates as follows: filling high-purity nitrogen into the vacuum furnace to reduce the temperature in the vacuum furnace to 250 ℃, and then cooling the vacuum furnace to room temperature along with the vacuum furnace;
and S3-2, performing surface sand blasting treatment on the copper-tungsten steel alloy sintered piece obtained in the step S3-1, then putting the copper-tungsten steel alloy sintered piece into a sodium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 15% for quenching treatment for 12min, finally, preserving heat for 4h at 550 ℃ to obtain a copper-tungsten steel alloy welded piece, finally, removing the extra height of a welding seam of the copper-tungsten steel alloy welded piece, and spraying antirust paint with the thickness of 80 microns, wherein the antirust paint is iron red alkyd antirust paint.
Test examples
Tensile strength and weld joint bonding rate of the copper-tungsten steel alloy welding parts obtained in the embodiments 1 to 7 of the invention are respectively detected, and the detection results are shown in table 1;
table 1, the influence of different welding conditions on the tensile strength of a copper-tungsten-steel alloy welding part and the welding seam bonding rate;
as can be seen from the data in table 1, in example 2, compared with example 1, by performing polishing on the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet for multiple times, and cleaning and removing impurities such as oil stains on the surface, the generation of harmful gas in the welding process can be reduced, and the welding quality of the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet can be improved;
compared with the embodiment 2, the embodiment 3 has the advantages that copper powder with different grain diameters is used as the welding flux of the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet, so that the wettability and diffusivity of the copper powder in the welding process are improved, the welding seam quality is improved, the welding strength is improved, the first copper powder and the second copper powder are deoxidized, the conductivity and the mechanical property of a copper-tungsten steel alloy welding part are improved, and the application range of the copper-tungsten steel alloy welding part in the power electronic industry is enlarged;
compared with the embodiment 1, the embodiment 4 has the advantages that the effect of thermal stress in the welding process can be weakened by applying welding pressure to the assembled copper-tungsten alloy base metal and steel base metal, cracking of the base metal in the welding process can be avoided, the copper-tungsten steel alloy sintered part can be rapidly cooled by using nitrogen, and the temperature resistance and the shear strength of the copper-tungsten steel alloy welded part can be improved;
compared with the embodiment 1, the embodiment 5 is beneficial to improving the welding bonding rate of the steel billet and the copper-tungsten billet by performing plastic treatment on the steel billet; the surface of the welding groove is provided with the stripes, so that impurity gas can be rapidly discharged in the welding process, and the welding strength is improved;
compared with the embodiment 1, the embodiment 6 has the advantages that the anti-rust paint is sprayed on the surface of the copper-tungsten steel alloy welding part, so that the corrosion resistance of the copper-tungsten steel alloy welding part is improved, the service life is prolonged, the deformation of the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal during welding is reduced by heating the vacuum furnace at different heating rates, and the welding strength and the parallelism of the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal are improved;
compared with the examples 1 to 6, the welding quality of the copper-tungsten-steel alloy welding part is further improved due to the combination and optimization of the favorable conditions in the example 7.
Claims (10)
1. A method for welding copper, tungsten and steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, base material pretreatment
S1-1, respectively processing a steel billet and a copper-tungsten alloy billet into required shapes according to the design requirements of a workpiece, then processing a welding groove at one end of the steel billet, processing a welding hole at the other end of the steel billet, and enabling the welding hole to penetrate through the steel billet and be communicated with the welding groove;
s1-2, respectively carrying out mechanical polishing, cleaning and drying treatment on the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet obtained in the step S1-1 to obtain a steel base metal and a copper-tungsten alloy base metal;
s2, assembling base materials
S2-1, filling the copper-tungsten alloy base metal obtained in the step S1-2 into a welding groove of a steel base metal, and controlling the gap between the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal to be 0.05-0.15 mm;
s2-2, laying white corundum powder with the thickness of 0.8-1.5 mm at the bottom in the graphite crucible, then placing the copper-tungsten alloy base metal and the steel base metal assembled in the step S2-1 into the graphite crucible, and finally filling the white corundum powder between the graphite crucible and the steel base metal; wherein the granularity of the white alundum powder is 120-250 meshes;
s2-3, filling copper powder with the granularity of 400-700 meshes into the welding hole of the steel base material obtained in the step S2-2; wherein the filling amount of the copper powder is 1.2-1.8 times of the amount required by welding;
s3, welding
S3-1, placing the copper-tungsten alloy base metal, the steel base metal and the graphite crucible assembled in the step S2-3 into a vacuum furnace for vacuum sintering treatment, controlling the vacuum degree in the vacuum furnace to be 0.1-0.5 Pa, the sintering temperature to be 850-1100 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2-3 h, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain a copper-tungsten steel alloy sintered part;
s3-2, performing surface sand blasting treatment on the copper-tungsten-steel alloy sintered part obtained in the step S3-1, then putting the sintered part into a sodium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 10-15% to perform quenching treatment for 5-12 min, and finally performing heat preservation for 3-4 h at the temperature of 350-550 ℃ to obtain a copper-tungsten-steel alloy welded part.
2. The method for welding copper-tungsten alloy and steel according to claim 1, wherein in step S1-2, during the mechanical polishing of the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet, firstly, 800 mesh water sand paper is used for mechanical polishing, then 1500 mesh water sand paper is used for mechanical polishing, after the mechanical polishing is finished, the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet are cleaned by cleaning solution, and finally, the steel billet and the copper-tungsten alloy billet are placed in a drying oven at 50-80 ℃ for drying treatment; wherein the cleaning solution is prepared by compounding deionized water and acetone solution according to the volume ratio of 5-8:1.
3. The method for welding copper, tungsten and steel according to claim 1, wherein in step S2-3, the copper powder comprises a first copper powder and a second copper powder, the ratio of the first copper powder to the second copper powder is 1:2-4, the particle size of the first copper powder is 400-500 meshes, and the particle size of the second copper powder is 500-700 meshes.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3-1, a welding pressure of 0.8-1.5 MPa is applied to the assembled Cu-W alloy base material and steel base material, and the welding pressure is maintained for 30-55 min.
5. The welding method of copper, tungsten and steel according to claim 1, wherein in step S3-1, the specific operation of the cooling process is: filling high-purity nitrogen into the vacuum furnace to reduce the temperature in the vacuum furnace to 150-250 ℃, and then cooling the vacuum furnace to room temperature along with the furnace.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein before step S1-1, the billet is plastically worked, specifically by: firstly, the upsetting and the drawing-out treatment of the billet are sequentially carried out for 3 to 7 times at the temperature of between 500 and 700 ℃, and then the heat preservation treatment is carried out on the billet for 35 to 55min at the temperature of between 600 and 700 ℃.
7. The method for welding copper, tungsten and steel according to claim 1, wherein after the step S1-2 is completed, stripes with the depth of 0.1-0.3 mm and the distance of 0.3-0.5 mm are arranged on the surface of the welding groove.
8. The method for welding copper-tungsten and steel according to claim 1, wherein after step S3-2 is completed, the weld reinforcement of the copper-tungsten-steel alloy welded part is removed, and then the anti-rust paint with a thickness of 20-80 μm is sprayed, wherein the anti-rust paint is iron red alkyd anti-rust paint.
9. The method for welding copper, tungsten and steel according to claim 1, wherein in step S3-1, the vacuum furnace is first heated to 450-850 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min, and then heated to 850-1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 15-25 ℃/min.
10. The method for welding copper, tungsten and steel according to claim 1, wherein after step S1-2 is completed, striations are formed on the surface of the welding groove.
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