CN111360352B - Brazing method of tungsten-copper alloy and chromium-zirconium-copper alloy - Google Patents
Brazing method of tungsten-copper alloy and chromium-zirconium-copper alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN111360352B CN111360352B CN202010130754.4A CN202010130754A CN111360352B CN 111360352 B CN111360352 B CN 111360352B CN 202010130754 A CN202010130754 A CN 202010130754A CN 111360352 B CN111360352 B CN 111360352B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/06—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering making use of vibrations, e.g. supersonic vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/19—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/206—Cleaning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a brazing method of tungsten copper alloy and chromium zirconium copper alloy, relates to the field of welding, and aims to shorten the welding time of the tungsten copper alloy and the chromium zirconium copper alloy, avoid the use of a solder resist, reduce the welding cost and improve the welding efficiency. The invention adopts an ultrasonic-assisted brazing method to connect tungsten copper and chromium zirconium copper alloy, introduces ultrasonic waves in the welding process through a titanium alloy intermediate layer, and promotes the spreading and wetting of the melted brazing filler metal on the welding surface by utilizing the acoustic cavitation. When the tungsten copper alloy and the chromium zirconium copper alloy are welded in a combined mode, one base metal is moved to promote air bubbles to be discharged, then the ultrasonic auxiliary brazing process is completed in a short time under a low welding pressure, in addition, the ultrasonic auxiliary brazing method can be used for welding in an atmospheric environment, the technical requirements on welding operators are low, and the welding efficiency is high. The invention is applied to the field of welding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of welding, in particular to a brazing method of tungsten-copper alloy and chromium-zirconium-copper alloy.
Background
The tungsten-copper alloy integrates the advantages of metal tungsten and copper, has uniform microstructure, high temperature resistance, high strength, arc ablation resistance, large density, moderate electric conduction and heat conduction performance and wide application. At present, the high-temperature components such as contacts of high-voltage electrical switches and rocket nozzle throat linings, tail rudders and the like which are used for arc erosion resistance are also used as electrodes for electric processing, high-temperature dies and other occasions requiring electric conduction and heat conduction performance and high-temperature use.
The chromium zirconium copper (CuCrZr) has higher strength and hardness, strong electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, good wear resistance and antifriction property, and the hardness, strength, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity are all obviously improved after aging treatment. The alloy is widely used for motor commutators, electrodes of butt welding machines and the like, and other parts requiring strength, hardness and conductivity at high temperature.
The excellent performance of the tungsten copper and the chromium zirconium copper alloy can be fully exerted by the connection of the tungsten copper and the chromium zirconium copper alloy, and the tungsten copper alloy material and the chromium zirconium copper alloy are commonly used as a contact and a base in the high-voltage switch electrical contact, so that the research on the welding of the tungsten copper and the chromium zirconium copper alloy has important significance.
The tungsten copper alloy has extremely high melting point, and the tungsten component in the tungsten copper alloy can not be melted even when the temperature is over 3000 ℃, so that the conventional fusion welding method is difficult to weld. Because copper and copper alloy have large heat conductivity coefficient and are easy to oxidize, defects such as air holes, cracks and the like are easy to generate in a welding joint, the copper alloy has large liquidity and large welding difficulty of a space position, and the welding of the copper alloy by a fusion welding method is also difficult. In recent years, researchers have conducted a series of studies on welding of tungsten copper and copper alloys. Patent CN 108237280a proposes a method for welding tungsten-copper electrode, which adopts a brazing method to realize the connection between the tungsten-copper electrode tip and the copper base, and divides the welding seam into an exhaust area and a brazing filler metal adding area through a solder resist, the brazing rate can reach more than 80%. In patent CN 105057873a, a sintering method is used to manufacture a tungsten-copper alloy, a layer of pure copper is formed on the surface of the tungsten-copper alloy, and then an electron beam welding method is used to connect the copper on the surface of the tungsten-copper alloy and the chromium-zirconium-copper alloy. The method has the advantages of complex sintering process of the tungsten-copper alloy, high sintering temperature, high pressure and high energy consumption, and the electron beam welding needs a high-vacuum environment although the heat affected zone is small, so that the welding cost is high. In addition, in the document (j.li et al fusion Engineering and Design 86(2011) 2874-2878), tungsten and chromium zirconium copper are welded by adopting a diffusion welding method, a titanium intermediate layer is added, the yield strength and the elastic modulus of titanium are relatively low, and the welding stress can be effectively reduced by a long-time diffusion process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to shorten the welding time of tungsten copper alloy and chromium zirconium copper alloy, avoid the use of a solder resist, reduce the welding cost and improve the welding efficiency. Therefore, the invention adopts an ultrasonic-assisted brazing method to connect tungsten copper and chromium zirconium copper alloy, introduces ultrasonic waves in the welding process through a titanium alloy intermediate layer, and promotes the spreading and wetting of the melted brazing filler metal on the welding surface by utilizing the acoustic cavitation. When the tungsten copper alloy and the chromium zirconium copper alloy are welded in a combined mode, one base metal is moved to promote air bubbles to be discharged, then the ultrasonic auxiliary brazing process is completed in a short time under a low welding pressure, in addition, the ultrasonic auxiliary brazing method can be used for welding in an atmospheric environment, the technical requirements on welding operators are low, and the welding efficiency is high.
The invention relates to a brazing method of tungsten-copper alloy and chromium-zirconium-copper alloy, which is carried out according to the following steps:
polishing the surfaces of a tungsten copper block to be welded and a chromium zirconium copper base to be bright before welding, and performing ultrasonic cleaning on two parent metals by using acetone as a cleaning agent to remove impurities on the surfaces;
fixing the tungsten copper block and the chromium zirconium copper base cleaned in the last step on a preheating table by using a fixture, wherein the preheating temperature is 500-600 ℃, and the preheating time is 5-30 min;
after preheating, respectively heating the surfaces to be welded of tungsten copper and chromium zirconium copper by using a flame spray gun, completely surrounding the parts to be welded by flame, laying soldering flux on the surfaces to be welded when the temperature reaches the melting point of the soldering flux, and spreading the soldering flux on the surfaces to be welded;
fourthly, when the temperature reaches the melting point of the silver-based or copper-based brazing filler metal, pre-coating the silver-based or copper-based brazing filler metal on the surface to be welded which is covered by the brazing flux;
fifthly, after the brazing filler metal is pre-spread on the surface to be welded, a titanium plate is used as a middle layer and is placed on the surface to be welded of tungsten copper or chromium zirconium copper, and then ultrasonic is applied to the titanium alloy plate through an ultrasonic vibration head;
combining the welding surfaces of the tungsten copper and chromium zirconium copper base materials coated with the brazing filler metal together through a fixture, heating the welding surfaces by using a flame spray gun, and translating the dislocated tungsten copper block for 2-3mm and reciprocating for 2-5 times after the welding temperature is reached;
seventhly, placing an ultrasonic vibration head on the tungsten-copper alloy, applying pressure of 0.2Mpa, performing ultrasonic auxiliary brazing, keeping the pressure, and performing air cooling treatment on a welding piece to finish the brazing method of the tungsten-copper alloy and the chromium-zirconium-copper alloy;
wherein, the technological parameters of the ultrasonic vibration in the fifth step and the seventh step are as follows: amplitude is 2-10 μm, frequency is 15-45kHz, and vibration time is 1-5 s.
The technical principle of the scheme of the invention is as follows:
the fusion welding of tungsten copper and chromium zirconium copper alloy is easy to cause welding defects such as alloy element burning loss, welding cracks, air holes and the like, and a new welding method for the tungsten copper and the chromium zirconium copper alloy needs to be developed to form a good welding joint. Therefore, the invention adopts a new brazing method to connect the tungsten copper and the chromium zirconium copper alloy, the brazing method reduces the welding temperature, effectively reduces or avoids the burning loss of alloy elements, and simultaneously, the flame spray gun is used for locally heating the welding area and the protection effect of the brazing flux is matched, so that the surfaces to be welded can be kept clean. Ultrasonic vibration is introduced to the process that the liquid brazing filler metal wets the surface to be welded through the titanium alloy plate, and the wetting spreading of the liquid brazing filler metal on the base metal is promoted. Relative movement between welding surfaces in the combined welding process discharges redundant gas, and then ultrasonic vibration is applied, so that the discharge of air holes in a welding seam can be further promoted, thermal and mechanical effects such as high temperature, high pressure and micro jet flow are generated in the liquid brazing filler metal through acoustic cavitation, the flowing of molten metal and the diffusion of atoms are promoted, and a compact and reliable welding joint is quickly formed under low welding pressure.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the welding temperature is low, the welding deformation is small, and meanwhile, the hardness of the welded parent material is prevented from being greatly reduced.
2. The dual protection of the flux and the flame during welding prevents severe oxidation of the surface to be welded.
3. The introduced ultrasonic vibration greatly promotes the wetting combination of the liquid brazing filler metal and the base metal, helps to discharge air holes in a welding line, simultaneously enhances the joint filling capacity of the liquid brazing filler metal, and increases the penetration rate of the joint.
4. The copper alloy can not form liquid in the welding process, the oxidation and the crack of the copper alloy are reduced, and the electric conductivity is not obviously reduced.
5. The welding is carried out under the atmospheric environment, and the flexibility is strong, and is efficient, and is with low costs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a welded blank of the parts of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the topography of a part after machining in example 1.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the brazing method of the tungsten-copper alloy and the chromium-zirconium-copper alloy of the embodiment is carried out according to the following steps:
polishing the surfaces of a tungsten copper block to be welded and a chromium zirconium copper base to be bright before welding, and performing ultrasonic cleaning on two parent metals by using acetone as a cleaning agent to remove impurities on the surfaces;
fixing the tungsten copper block and the chromium zirconium copper base cleaned in the last step on a preheating table by using a fixture, wherein the preheating temperature is 500-600 ℃, and the preheating time is 5-30 min;
after preheating, respectively heating the surfaces to be welded of tungsten copper and chromium zirconium copper by using a flame spray gun, completely surrounding the parts to be welded by flame, laying soldering flux on the surfaces to be welded when the temperature reaches the melting point of the soldering flux, and spreading the soldering flux on the surfaces to be welded;
fourthly, when the temperature reaches the melting point of the silver-based or copper-based brazing filler metal, pre-coating the silver-based or copper-based brazing filler metal on the surface to be welded which is covered by the brazing flux;
fifthly, after the brazing filler metal is pre-spread on the surface to be welded, a titanium plate is used as a middle layer and is placed on the surface to be welded of tungsten copper or chromium zirconium copper, and then ultrasonic is applied to the titanium alloy plate through an ultrasonic vibration head;
combining the welding surfaces of the tungsten copper and chromium zirconium copper base materials coated with the brazing filler metal together through a fixture, heating the welding surfaces by using a flame spray gun, and translating the dislocated tungsten copper block for 2-3mm and reciprocating for 2-5 times after the welding temperature is reached;
seventhly, placing an ultrasonic vibration head on the tungsten-copper alloy, applying pressure of 0.2Mpa, performing ultrasonic auxiliary brazing, keeping the pressure, and performing air cooling treatment on a welding piece to finish the brazing method of the tungsten-copper alloy and the chromium-zirconium-copper alloy;
wherein, the technological parameters of the ultrasonic vibration in the fifth step and the seventh step are as follows: amplitude is 2-10 μm, frequency is 15-45kHz, and vibration time is 1-5 s.
The grinding in the step of the embodiment aims to reduce the adverse effect of oxides on the welding process, and perform ultrasonic cleaning on the two base metals by using acetone as a cleaning agent to remove impurities on the surfaces and avoid the adverse effect on the wetting of the brazing filler metal and the brazing flux.
The preheating in the second step can effectively reduce the residual stress caused by the welding process. The preheating process should avoid the temperature exceeding 600 ℃, the preheating temperature exceeding 600 ℃ can cause great attenuation of the hardness of the chromium-zirconium-copper, and the attenuation condition is more serious when the preheating time is longer.
After preheating in the third step, the surfaces to be welded of the tungsten copper and the chromium zirconium copper are respectively heated locally by a flame spray gun, and the flame completely surrounds the parts to be welded so as to prevent the parts from being oxidized at high temperature. The brazing flux has the functions of removing an oxide film on the surface of a weldment, enhancing the spreading and wetting capacity of subsequent brazing filler metal on a welding surface, and simultaneously protecting a base metal and the brazing filler metal to reduce oxidation in the heating process.
And fifthly, promoting the spreading and wetting of the liquid brazing filler metal on the surface to be welded through ultrasonic vibration, and forming metallurgical bonding with the base metal.
And sixthly, the dislocation of the tungsten copper blocks in the translation mode enables the welding surfaces to generate relative friction, and is beneficial to reducing the generation of welding surface air holes.
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between the specific embodiments of the present invention is: and in the fifth step, the thickness of the brazing filler metal layer reserved on the surface to be welded is 0.1-0.6 mm. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the difference between the specific embodiments of the present invention is: the tungsten-copper alloy is WCu20, and the chromium-zirconium-copper alloy is CuCr1 Zr. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the specific embodiments of the present invention is: and step three, after preheating, respectively heating the surfaces to be welded of the tungsten copper and the chromium zirconium copper by using a flame spray gun for 8-10 min. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the specific embodiments of the present invention is: the flux is QJ101, QJ102 or QJ 305. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between the specific embodiments of the present invention is: the silver base is HL303, HL304, HL306, HL307 or HL316, and the copper-based solder is HL204 or HL 205. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between the specific embodiments of the present invention is: the heating temperature of the six flame spray guns in the step six is 780-800 ℃. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are demonstrated by the following examples:
example 1
The brazing method of the tungsten-copper alloy and the chromium-zirconium-copper alloy of the embodiment is performed according to the following steps:
and (3) welding:
selecting a cuboid tungsten copper block (WCu20) and a cylindrical chromium zirconium copper base (CuCr1Zr), wherein the size of the tungsten copper block is 30mm multiplied by 10mm multiplied by 28mm, and the outer diameter of the cylindrical chromium zirconium copper base is R180.5mm, inner diameter R253.5mm, 30mm in height, four notches are uniformly distributed on the tungsten copper plate, the width of each notch is 28.5mm, the maximum thickness of each notch is 10.5mm, the height of each notch is 30mm, tungsten copper and chromium zirconium copper materials to be welded are polished by No. 500 abrasive paper and are cleaned for 20min before welding under the condition of ultrasonic vibration by using acetone as a cleaning agent.
Secondly, placing the tungsten copper block and the chromium zirconium copper base which are cleaned by acetone on a heating platform for preheating, and setting the preheating temperature to 600 ℃.
And thirdly, when the preheating temperature is close to 600 ℃, locally heating the welding area by using a flame spray gun for 8-10 min, and when the temperature reaches above 700 ℃, coating the QJ102 brazing flux on the surfaces to be welded of tungsten copper and chromium zirconium copper by using a scraper.
Fourthly, continuing to heat to 780 ℃, and coating a silver-based solder rod (the mark HL306) on the surface of which the peroxide film is broken by the soldering flux.
And fifthly, after the brazing filler metal is pre-spread on the welding surface, respectively placing a titanium plate with the thickness of 3mm as an intermediate layer on the to-be-welded surfaces of the tungsten copper and the chromium zirconium copper, applying ultrasonic vibration to the workpiece, and reserving a brazing filler metal layer with the thickness of 0.2mm on the to-be-welded surfaces. The ultrasonic amplitude used was 10 μm, the vibration frequency was 22kHz, and the vibration time was 2 s.
And sixthly, combining the two processed parent metals together through a fixture, keeping the heating temperature between 780 and 800 ℃, clamping the tungsten copper block by using forceps, carrying out translational friction dislocation on the welding surface for 2mm, and reciprocating for 2 times.
And seventhly, placing the ultrasonic vibration head on the tungsten copper block, and applying pressure of 0.2Mpa to perform ultrasonic auxiliary brazing. And (5) the ultrasonic vibration parameters are consistent with those of the step five.
And eighthly, keeping the pressure unchanged, carrying out air cooling treatment on the welded part, wherein a blank formed after welding is shown in figure 1, and the local appearance of the joint after machining is shown in figure 2. As shown in the figure, the joint has good quality, dense welding seams and no obvious defects.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
The present invention is not limited to the above description of the embodiments, and those skilled in the art should, in light of the present disclosure, appreciate that many changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A brazing method of tungsten copper alloy and chromium zirconium copper alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, polishing the surfaces of a tungsten copper alloy block to be welded and a chromium zirconium alloy copper base seat to be bright before welding, and ultrasonically cleaning two parent metals by using acetone as a cleaning agent to remove impurities on the surfaces;
fixing the tungsten-copper alloy block and the chromium-zirconium-copper alloy base cleaned in the last step on a preheating table by using a fixture, wherein the preheating temperature is 500-600 ℃, and the preheating time is 5-30 min;
after preheating, respectively heating the surfaces to be welded of the tungsten copper alloy and the chromium zirconium copper alloy by using a flame spray gun, completely surrounding the parts to be welded by flame, laying a soldering flux on the surfaces to be welded when the temperature reaches the melting point of the soldering flux, and spreading the soldering flux on the surfaces to be welded;
fourthly, when the temperature reaches the melting point of the silver-based or copper-based brazing filler metal, pre-coating the silver-based or copper-based brazing filler metal on the surface to be welded which is covered by the brazing flux;
fifthly, after the brazing filler metal is pre-spread on the surface to be welded, a titanium alloy plate is used as a middle layer and is placed on the surface to be welded of the tungsten copper alloy or the chromium zirconium copper alloy, and then the titanium alloy plate is subjected to ultrasonic wave through an ultrasonic vibration head;
sixthly, combining the welding surfaces of the tungsten copper alloy coated with the brazing filler metal and the chromium zirconium copper alloy base metal through a fixture, heating the tungsten copper alloy and the chromium zirconium copper alloy base metal by using a flame spray gun, and translating the dislocated tungsten copper block for 2-3mm and reciprocating for 2-5 times after the welding temperature is reached;
seventhly, placing an ultrasonic vibration head on the tungsten-copper alloy, applying pressure of 0.2Mpa, performing ultrasonic auxiliary brazing, keeping the pressure, and performing air cooling treatment on a welding piece to finish the brazing method of the tungsten-copper alloy and the chromium-zirconium-copper alloy;
wherein, the technological parameters of the ultrasonic vibration in the fifth step and the seventh step are as follows: amplitude is 2-10 μm, frequency is 15-45kHz, and vibration time is 1-5 s; the tungsten-copper alloy is WCu20, and the chromium-zirconium-copper alloy is CuCr1 Zr.
2. The method for brazing a tungsten-copper alloy and a chromium-zirconium-copper alloy according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the brazing filler metal layer remained on the surface to be brazed in the fifth step is 0.1-0.6 mm.
3. The brazing method of the tungsten-copper alloy and the chromium-zirconium-copper alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, after preheating, the surfaces to be welded of the tungsten-copper alloy and the chromium-zirconium-copper alloy are respectively heated locally by a flame spray gun for 8-10 min.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the brazing flux is QJ101, QJ102, or QJ 305.
5. The method for brazing a tungsten-copper alloy and a chromium-zirconium-copper alloy according to claim 1, wherein the silver-based brazing filler metal is HL303, HL304, HL306, HL307 or HL316, and the copper-based brazing filler metal is HL204 or HL 205.
6. The brazing method of tungsten-copper alloy and chromium-zirconium-copper alloy according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature of the six-flame spray gun heating is 700 ℃ to 850 ℃.
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| CN114346345A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-15 | 合肥聚能电物理高技术开发有限公司 | Brazing tool and brazing process for tungsten copper sheet and chromium zirconium copper heat sink |
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