CN116117312A - Laser welding method for hard alloy and high-carbon alloy steel - Google Patents

Laser welding method for hard alloy and high-carbon alloy steel Download PDF

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CN116117312A
CN116117312A CN202211101226.1A CN202211101226A CN116117312A CN 116117312 A CN116117312 A CN 116117312A CN 202211101226 A CN202211101226 A CN 202211101226A CN 116117312 A CN116117312 A CN 116117312A
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alloy steel
welding
carbon alloy
powder
base material
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孙德勤
杨兰玉
张黎伟
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Changshu Institute of Technology
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Changshu Institute of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/09—Mixtures of metallic powders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
    • C09D1/02—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances alkali metal silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
    • C21D1/72—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment during chemical change of surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser welding method of hard alloy and high-carbon alloy steel, which comprises the following steps: cleaning the welded part of the substrate; filling intermediate solder between the welding surfaces of the base materials; pressing the base material in the direction that the welding surfaces are close to each other; welding the base material by adopting a laser beam under the protection of argon; coating an anti-oxidation coating on the surface of a welded joint of a base material and drying; heating the welded material to 750-850 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-2 h; heating to 150-250 ℃ after oil quenching treatment, tempering and preserving heat for 2-3 hours, discharging from a furnace and air cooling to room temperature; the anti-oxidation coating is prepared by mixing powder and a binder according to the mass ratio of 1:0.3-1, wherein the powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-40% of graphite powder, 30-50% of alumina powder and 30-50% of silica powder, and the binder is sodium silicate. The welding method solves the decarburization problem during welding the high-carbon alloy steel, and improves the welding quality of the high-carbon alloy steel on the hard alloy.

Description

Laser welding method for hard alloy and high-carbon alloy steel
Technical Field
The invention relates to a welding method between dissimilar metal materials, in particular to a laser welding method for hard alloy and high-carbon alloy steel.
Background
At present, the tools for cutting and cutting high-strength steel materials mostly adopt a composite structure of matrix steel and hard alloy (or diamond) welding, wherein the matrix steel is a main load carrier in the cutting and cutting process, so the matrix steel material must have enough strength, toughness and hardness to bear huge load. Meanwhile, the matrix steel needs to have certain wear resistance, and particularly when high-strength steel materials with the pressure of more than 600MPa are cut, the requirements on the matrix steel materials are further improved.
The base steel is selected from high-carbon alloy steel with carbon content more than 0.6%, but the welding performance of the high-carbon alloy steel and the hard alloy is poor. In the prior art, high-temperature brazing technology is mostly adopted for welding the high-carbon alloy steel and the hard alloy, namely after the high-carbon alloy steel and the hard alloy are prepared and positioned, local high temperature is formed by adopting modes such as induction heating and the like, and connection is formed by means of high-temperature diffusion between the high-carbon alloy steel and the hard alloy. The alloy steel is used for a certain time because the diffusion speed of elements is limited in a high temperature state, and the high carbon alloy steel has the phenomena of surface decarburization, coarse internal structure and the like in the high temperature state, so that the welding strength is not high. Even though laser beam welding is used to shorten the time at high temperature at the welding site, surface decarburization easily occurs at the joint after the subsequent heat treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, one task of the invention is to provide a laser welding method of hard alloy and high-carbon alloy steel, which solves the problems of decarburization, coarse structure and the like during welding of the high-carbon alloy steel and improves the welding quality of the hard alloy and the high-carbon alloy steel.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a laser welding method of hard alloy and high-carbon alloy steel comprises the following steps:
step 1, cleaning the surface of a welding part of a hard alloy substrate and a high-carbon alloy steel substrate;
step 2, filling intermediate solder between the welding surfaces of the hard alloy base material and the high-carbon alloy steel base material;
step 3, pressing the hard alloy base material and the high-carbon alloy steel base material in the direction of approaching the welding surface;
step 4, welding the hard alloy base material and the high-carbon alloy steel base material by adopting a laser beam under the protection of argon;
step 5, coating an anti-oxidation coating on the surface of the welded joint of the hard alloy substrate and the high-carbon alloy steel substrate, and drying;
step 6, heating the material treated in the step 5 to 750-850 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-2 h; heating to 150-250 ℃ after oil quenching treatment, tempering and preserving heat for 2-3 hours, discharging from a furnace and air cooling to room temperature;
wherein the anti-oxidation coating is prepared by mixing powder and a binder according to the mass ratio of 1:0.3-1, and the powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-40% of graphite powder, 30-50% of alumina powder and 30-50% of silica powder, wherein the binder is water glass.
Further, the coating thickness of the anti-oxidation coating is 0.1-0.3 mm.
Further, the intermediate solder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of Fe powder, 30-50% of Co powder, 0-20% of Ni powder and 0-20% of Cu powder.
Further, a gap between the welding surfaces of the hard alloy base material and the high-carbon alloy steel base material for filling the intermediate solder is 0.1-0.4 mm.
Further, the pressing pressure in the step 3 is 0.1-0.3 MPa.
Further, in the step 4, the diameter of the laser spot is selected to be 0.5-0.8 mm, the welding speed is 0.5-1 mm/s, the argon pressure is 0.1-0.3 MPa, and the welding depth of each surface is not more than 2/3 of the welding depth by adopting the welding of the front surface and the back surface.
Further, the hard alloy is a tungsten cobalt hard alloy or a tungsten titanium tantalum cobalt hard alloy or a tungsten titanium niobium cobalt hard alloy.
Further, the high-carbon alloy steel is high-carbon alloy steel with carbon content exceeding 0.7%.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the advantages that:
the concentrated heat of the laser beam is utilized to promote local fusion welding between the high-carbon alloy steel and the hard alloy, the laser beam has short heat action time and small heat action on tissues around the weld, and the surface decarburization of the substrate can be reduced by matching with the protection of argon, and in the heat treatment process, the surface decarburization reaction of the high-carbon steel is further prevented by coating the surface of the welding head with the anti-oxidation coating, so that the generation of quality defects such as air holes is prevented, and the welding quality problem of the high-carbon alloy steel and the hard alloy is improved. The welding strength of the welded high-carbon alloy steel can reach more than 70% after welding by adopting the method, and the welded high-carbon alloy steel can form a fine microstructure form, has good toughness and bending strength, and the prepared composite material is suitable for preparing high-strength and high-toughness cutting tool products.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a laser welding structure of a hard alloy and a high carbon alloy steel.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples, which are to be construed as merely illustrative of the present invention and not limiting of its scope, and various modifications to the equivalent arrangements of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the present description, which are within the scope of the appended claims.
The laser welding method of the hard alloy and the high-carbon alloy steel provided by the embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, cleaning the surface of a welding part of a hard alloy substrate and a high-carbon alloy steel substrate;
cleaning the surface of the hard alloy substrate, rubbing the surface of the welding surface by using a steel brush or file, exposing the clean surface, and then cleaning by using acetone;
cleaning treatment of the surface of the high-carbon alloy steel substrate: (1) Removing rust and greasy dirt on the surface, removing rust on the surface by a weak acid immersion process, neutralizing the action of acid by a weak base immersion method, and removing greasy dirt on the surface; (2) The surface is roughened and cleaned, the surface of the welding surface is rubbed by a steel brush or file, the clean surface is exposed, and then the welding surface is cleaned by acetone.
Step 2, filling intermediate solder between the welding surfaces of the hard alloy substrate and the high-carbon alloy steel substrate;
referring to fig. 1, a funnel is used to place the intermediate solder in the gap between the welding surfaces of the cemented carbide substrate and the high-carbon alloy steel substrate, the gap size is generally 0.1-0.4 mm, and in this embodiment 0.2mm is selected. The intermediate solder is formed by mixing Fe powder, co powder, ni powder and Cu powder, and the mass percentages of the components are shown in the specific embodiment.
Step 3, tightly clamping and fixing the hard alloy substrate and the high-carbon alloy steel substrate and pressing;
continuing to combine with the illustration of fig. 1, placing the hard alloy substrate 1 and the high-carbon alloy steel substrate 2 in a welding device, wherein the welding device comprises a welding laser 3, an inert gas protection mechanism 4, a clamping device 5, a substrate positioning device 6 and the like; the hard alloy substrate 1 and the high-carbon alloy steel substrate 2 are placed on the substrate positioning device 6, so that the accurate butt joint of the welding surfaces of the hard alloy substrate 1 and the high-carbon alloy steel substrate 2 is ensured, and the operation of the step 2 is also performed on the substrate positioning device 6. The clamping devices on two sides comprise a bracket 51, a clamping block 52 and an operation wheel 53, the clamping block 52 clamps the hard alloy substrate 1 and the high-carbon alloy steel substrate 2, the clamping block drives the hard alloy substrate 1 and the high-carbon alloy steel substrate 2 to move relatively by rotating the operation wheel 53, after the hard alloy substrate 1 and the high-carbon alloy steel substrate 2 are positioned and are prepared to a set distance, corresponding intermediate welding materials 7 are filled, the operation wheel 53 is further rotated, lateral pressure is applied to the hard alloy substrate 1 and the high-carbon alloy steel substrate 2 to compress the intermediate welding materials 7, and the tightness of an intermediate interface of the substrates is ensured.
Step 4, performing laser beam welding under the protection of argon;
adopting a laser welding mode, and selecting welding power to ensure that the welding depth is about 2/3 of the welding seam depth; argon protection measures are adopted during welding. The pressure of argon is 0.1-0.3 MPa, the embodiment selects 0.1MPa, firstly opens an argon protection system during specific operation, then opens a laser welding power supply, adjusts to preset power, selects the diameter of a light spot to be 0.5-0.8 mm, and the welding speed to be 0.5-1 mm/s; after the single-sided welding is finished, a laser welding power supply and an argon protection system switch are turned off; and turning over the workpiece, and repeating the process to weld the other side.
Step 5, coating an anti-oxidation coating on the surface of the welded joint of the hard alloy substrate and the high-carbon alloy steel substrate, and drying;
after welding, coating a layer of anti-oxidation coating on the surface of a welding joint of a workpiece, wherein the coating thickness is 0.1-0.3 mm, and then carrying out surface drying at 150-200 ℃ for 1-1.5 h; after drying, if the conditions such as foaming and falling off exist, the paint is brushed and the drying is carried out again. The anti-oxidation coating is prepared by mixing powder and a binder in proportion, wherein the powder is prepared from graphite powder, alumina powder and silica powder, the binder is water glass, the binder is added to ensure that the coating can be uniformly coated, the mixing ratio of the powder and the binder is 1:0.3-1, the following examples are selected in a ratio of 1:1, and the percentages of the components of the powder are shown in the specific examples.
Step 6, performing heat treatment on the workpiece;
the workpiece dried by the anti-oxidation coating is placed into a heating furnace to be heated to 750-850 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1-3 h; and heating to 150-250 ℃ after oil quenching treatment, tempering and preserving heat for 2-3 hours, and then discharging from a furnace for air cooling to room temperature.
According to the specific implementation process, the following examples and comparative examples are obtained by performing laser welding of hard alloy and high carbon alloy steel according to materials and process parameters shown in the following table, and tensile strength is obtained by performing tensile experiments on the examples and comparative examples.
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Claims (8)

1. The laser welding method of the hard alloy and the high-carbon alloy steel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, cleaning the surface of a welding part of a hard alloy substrate and a high-carbon alloy steel substrate;
step 2, filling intermediate solder between the welding surfaces of the hard alloy base material and the high-carbon alloy steel base material;
step 3, pressing the hard alloy base material and the high-carbon alloy steel base material in the direction of approaching the welding surface;
step 4, welding the hard alloy base material and the high-carbon alloy steel base material by adopting a laser beam under the protection of argon;
step 5, coating an anti-oxidation coating on the surface of the welded joint of the hard alloy substrate and the high-carbon alloy steel substrate, and drying;
step 6, heating the material treated in the step 5 to 750-850 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-2 h; heating to 150-250 ℃ after oil quenching treatment, tempering and preserving heat for 2-3 hours, discharging from a furnace and air cooling to room temperature;
wherein the anti-oxidation coating is prepared by mixing powder and a binder according to the mass ratio of 1:0.3-1, and the powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-40% of graphite powder, 30-50% of alumina powder and 30-50% of silica powder, wherein the binder is water glass.
2. The laser welding method of hard alloy and high carbon alloy steel according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the anti-oxidation coating is 0.1-0.3 mm.
3. The laser welding method of hard alloy and high carbon alloy steel according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate solder comprises the following components in mass ratio: 30-40% of Fe powder, 30-50% of Co powder, 0-20% of Ni powder and 0-20% of Cu powder.
4. The laser welding method of cemented carbide and high carbon alloy steel according to claim 1, wherein a gap between the welded surfaces of the cemented carbide base material and the high carbon alloy steel base material for filling the intermediate solder is 0.1-0.4 mm.
5. The method of laser welding a cemented carbide and a high carbon alloy steel according to claim 1, wherein the pressing pressure in step 3 is 0.1-0.3 MPa.
6. The method for laser welding of cemented carbide and high-carbon alloy steel according to claim 1, wherein the laser spot diameter is selected to be 0.5-0.8 mm, the welding speed is 0.5-1 mm/s, the argon pressure is 0.1-0.3 MPa, and the welding depth of each face is not more than 2/3 of the welding depth by adopting the front-back welding.
7. The method of laser welding a cemented carbide with a high carbon alloy steel according to claim 1, wherein the cemented carbide is a tungsten cobalt cemented carbide or a tungsten titanium tantalum cobalt cemented carbide or a tungsten titanium niobium cobalt cemented carbide.
8. The method of laser welding a cemented carbide to a high carbon alloy steel according to claim 1, wherein the high carbon alloy steel is a high carbon alloy steel having a carbon content exceeding 0.7%.
CN202211101226.1A 2022-09-09 2022-09-09 Laser welding method for hard alloy and high-carbon alloy steel Pending CN116117312A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117736597A (en) * 2023-12-14 2024-03-22 常熟理工学院 High-carbon steel decarburization-preventing coating structure and high-carbon steel decarburization and surface oxidation defect control method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117736597A (en) * 2023-12-14 2024-03-22 常熟理工学院 High-carbon steel decarburization-preventing coating structure and high-carbon steel decarburization and surface oxidation defect control method

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