CN103658904A - Vacuum brazing connection technology for tungsten copper composite block - Google Patents
Vacuum brazing connection technology for tungsten copper composite block Download PDFInfo
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- CN103658904A CN103658904A CN201210321547.2A CN201210321547A CN103658904A CN 103658904 A CN103658904 A CN 103658904A CN 201210321547 A CN201210321547 A CN 201210321547A CN 103658904 A CN103658904 A CN 103658904A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/19—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/206—Cleaning
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of heterogeneous material welding, and particularly relates to a method for vacuum brazing connection of tungsten and copper. The method is applied to connection of a tungsten copper composite block of a high-heating-load component of a fusion device. The method comprises the following steps that (1) brazing connection materials and brazing filter metal are determined; (2) a welding surface is preprocessed, a tungsten block and a chromium-zirconium-copper alloy block are cleaned, impurities, oil contamination and an oxidation film of the welding surface are removed, and dewatering and drying are conducted; (3) the ribbon copper-based brazing filter metal is cleaned; (4) assembly is conducted, connection is conducted in a butt-joint mode, the copper-based brazing filter metal is placed between the preprocessed surface to be welded of the tungsten and the preprocessed surface to be welded of copper alloy, assembly is conducted through a clamp and the pressure of 0.01MPa-0.1MPa is perpendicularly exerted; (5) welding is conducted, the assembled tungsten block-ribbon copper-based brazing filter metal-chromium copper alloy welding piece is placed in a vacuum brazing device for welding. According to the technical scheme, the obtained pure tungsten and the chromium-zirconium-copper alloy are welded in a butt joint mode, welding-seam forming is good, deformation of the welding piece is avoided, and shortages of microscopic cracks, air holes and impurities and the like are avoided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to dissimilar materials welding technology field, the tungsten copper composite block that is applied to fusion facility high heat load parts connects, and is specifically related to the vacuum brazing method of attachment of a kind of tungsten and copper.
Background technology
Tungsten is due to high-melting-point, good heat conductivility, low sputtering yield and highly from sputter threshold values and low-vapor pressure and the low advantages such as tritium retention performance, thought widely most promising nuclear fusion device plasma facing material.The tungsten copper composite block being formed by connecting by tungsten and heat sink material copper is the elementary cell of Plasma facing components.The greatest problem connecting between tungsten and heat sink material copper is to exist between tungsten and copper large thermal coefficient of expansion and elastic modulus difference, and then in preparation and military service process, produce very large thermal stress, likely cause the inefficacy of Plasma facing components in preparation and military service process.
Interconnection technique between tungsten copper mainly comprises welding, active metal casting, coating technology etc.The composite block type of tungsten copper mainly comprises two types of slab construction (Flat tile) and perforating tube structure (Monoblcok).At present, the main technology of preparing of tungsten copper composite block of slab construction is: first the adaptation layer of fine copper is connected with active or inactive tungsten surface, and second step is to be connected with heat sink, has several method to select, as electron beam welding, and high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) welding etc.; Can prepare in this way a large amount of tungsten copper composite block, but technique is comparatively complicated, cost is also higher.The present invention adopts one-step method to prepare tungsten copper composite block, and when having realized mother metal tungsten and brazing and connecing, cooling fast by temperature-fall period, can also recover the intensity of chrome zirconium copper alloy; This technical matters is simple and can greatly reduce costs.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the interconnection technique for existing high heat load parts tungsten copper composite block used, the direct technique that is connected between a kind of tungsten and copper is provided, thereby can be under vacuum condition, by physical-chemical reaction complicated between solder and tungsten and copper, realize being connected between tungsten and copper.
In order to realize this purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
The vacuum brazing of tungsten copper composite block connects a technique, can be used for fusion facility high heat load parts, comprises the following steps:
(1) determine brazing material and solder:
Brazing material is for being selected from pure tungsten, W-La
2o
3or the tungsten piece of W-TiC and contain 0.6 ~ 0.8wt.%Cr, the copper alloy of 0.07 ~ 0.15wt.%Zr;
Brazing material is Cu content 70 ~ 75wt.%, Mn content 25 ~ 29wt.%, Ti content 1～3wt.%, the strip copper base solder that the content sum of Cu, Mn, Ti is 100wt.%;
(2) pretreatment face of weld:
Tungsten piece and chrome zirconium copper alloy piece are put into acetone soln and carry out Ultrasonic Cleaning, sand papering face of weld, surface film oxide is removed in pickling, then ultrasonic wave alcohol cleans, and removes impurity, greasy dirt and the oxide-film of face of weld, finally dehydrates;
(3) clean strip copper base solder:
Sand papering strip copper base solder surface, acetone, alcohol Ultrasonic Cleaning, dry stand-by;
(4) assembling:
Docking mode connects, and copper base solder is placed between pretreated tungsten and copper alloy welding surface, then utilizes fixture to assemble the pressure that vertically applies 0.01 ~ 0.1MPa;
(5) welding:
Tungsten piece+strip copper base solder+chrome copper the weldment assembling in step (4) is put into vacuum brazing equipment to be welded: brazing equipment working vacuum degree is better than 5 * 10
-3pa, first heating rate of take 15-25 ℃/min is warming up to brazing temperature as 900 ~ 970 ℃, and two insulation platforms are set in temperature-rise period, is incubated 10 ~ 15min in the time of 400 ℃, is incubated 10 ~ 15min in the time of 800 ℃; Then be incubated 10 ~ 30min; Carry out coolingly, first the speed with 60 ℃/min is cooled to 480 ~ 500 ℃ again, insulation 2 ~ 3h, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, and complete welding, take out weldment.
Further, a kind of tungsten copper composite block vacuum brazing as above connects technique, and in step (2), the surface acid-washing process of tungsten piece and chrome copper is: with 80wt.% nitric acid+20wt.% hydrofluoric acid solution, clean tungsten surface 3 ~ 6 minutes; With 20wt.% salpeter solution, clean copper alloy surface 5 ~ 10 minutes.
Further, a kind of tungsten copper composite block vacuum brazing as above connects technique, and in step (1), strip copper base solder is that thickness is the thin slice of 80 ~ 200 μ m.
Further, a kind of tungsten copper composite block vacuum brazing as above connects technique, and in step (1), described tungsten piece is of a size of 20mm * 20mm～40mm * 40mm, and thickness is 5mm ~ 10mm; Described chrome copper piece is of a size of 20mm * 20mm～40mm * 40mm, and thickness is 10mm ~ 30mm.
Further, a kind of tungsten copper composite block vacuum brazing as above connects technique, in step (2), utilizes successively 320 orders, 600 orders, 800 orders and 1200 order sand papering face of welds; In step (3), with 1000 order sand papering strip copper base solder surfaces.
The present invention adopts Cu-Mn-Ti alloy as solder, and this solder all has good wetability to mother metal tungsten and copper, and Mn can not form harmful phase with mother metal as falling molten element, and brazing temperature is lower; Ti element, can form solid solution with tungsten, realizes chemical bonds, improves the binding ability between tungsten and copper.Soldering insulation is complete, in temperature-fall period, by cooling fast, at 480 ~ 500 ℃ of insulation 2-3 hour, recovers the intensity of chrome zirconium copper alloy.By this technology, can a step prepare tungsten copper composite block, technique is simple and can greatly reduce costs, and prepared copper composite block has good binding ability, can bear 6 ~ 10MW/m
2steady state thermal load.
The specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical solution of the present invention is further elaborated.
The vacuum brazing of a kind of tungsten copper composite block of the present invention connects technique, can be used for fusion facility high heat load parts, comprises the following steps:
(1) determine brazing material and solder: brazing material is for being selected from pure tungsten, W-La
2o
3or the tungsten piece of W-TiC and contain 0.6 ~ 0.8wt.%Cr, the copper alloy of 0.07 ~ 0.15wt.%Zr; Brazing material is Cu content 70 ~ 75wt.%, Mn content 25 ~ 29wt.%, Ti content 1～3wt.%, the strip copper base solder that the content sum of Cu, Mn, Ti is 100wt.%.
(2) pretreatment face of weld: tungsten piece and chrome zirconium copper alloy piece are put into acetone soln and carry out Ultrasonic Cleaning, sand papering face of weld, surface film oxide is removed in pickling, then ultrasonic wave alcohol cleans, impurity, greasy dirt and the oxide-film of removing face of weld, finally dehydrate.
(3) clean strip copper base solder: sand papering strip copper base solder surface, acetone, alcohol Ultrasonic Cleaning, dry stand-by.
(4) assembling:
Docking mode connects, and copper base solder is placed between pretreated tungsten and copper alloy welding surface, then utilizes fixture to assemble the pressure that vertically applies 0.01 ~ 0.1MPa.
(5) welding:
Tungsten piece+strip copper base solder+chrome copper the weldment assembling in step (4) is put into vacuum brazing equipment to be welded: brazing equipment working vacuum degree is better than 5 * 10
-3pa, first heating rate of take 15-25 ℃/min is warming up to brazing temperature as 900 ~ 970 ℃, and two insulation platforms are set in temperature-rise period, is incubated 10 ~ 15min in the time of 400 ℃, is incubated 10 ~ 15min in the time of 800 ℃; Then be incubated 10 ~ 30min; Carry out coolingly, first the speed with 60 ℃/min is cooled to 480 ~ 500 ℃ again, insulation 2 ~ 3h, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, and complete welding, take out weldment.
Further, a kind of tungsten copper composite block vacuum brazing as above connects technique, and in step (1), described tungsten piece is of a size of 20mm * 20mm～40mm * 40mm, and thickness is 5mm ~ 10mm; Described chrome copper piece is of a size of 20mm * 20mm～40mm * 40mm, and thickness is 10mm ~ 30mm.Strip copper base solder is that thickness is the thin slice of 80 ~ 200 μ m.In step (2), the surface acid-washing process of tungsten piece and chrome copper is: with 80wt.% nitric acid+20wt.% hydrofluoric acid solution, clean tungsten surface 3 ~ 6 minutes; With 20wt.% salpeter solution, clean copper alloy surface 5 ~ 10 minutes.Utilize successively 320 orders, 600 orders, 800 orders and 1200 order sand papering face of welds; In step (3), with 1000 order sand papering strip copper base solder surfaces.
Embodiment 1
The vacuum brazing of tungsten and chrome zirconium copper alloy banjo fixing butt jointing, tungsten is industrial pure tungsten, size 20mm * 20mm, thickness is 5mm; Chrome zirconium copper alloy is of a size of 20mm * 20mm, and thickness is 10mm.Soldering processes step is:
(1) the face of weld pretreatment of pure tungsten and chrome zirconium copper alloy, removes surperficial impurity, greasy dirt and oxide-film: pure tungsten and chrome zirconium copper alloy are put into acetone soln Ultrasonic Cleaning 10min, hot-air seasoning; Utilize No. 320, No. 600, No. 800 and No. 1200 sand paperings polishing face of weld, proportioning is that the solution of 65% nitric acid: 40% hydrofluoric acid=4:1 cleans tungsten surface 3 minutes; 20% dilute nitric acid solution cleans copper alloy surface 5 minutes.Then deionized water, alcohol Ultrasonic Cleaning; Finally dehydrate.
(2) strip copper base solder cleans: the Cu 70%-Mn 29%-Ti 1%(chemical composition that is 80 μ m by thickness is mass fraction) strip solder acetone Ultrasonic Cleaning 10min, then utilize 1000 order sand paperings, remove surface oxide layer, then alcohol Ultrasonic Cleaning, dry stand-by.
(3) pretreated copper base solder is placed between pretreated tungsten and chrome zirconium copper alloy welding surface, then utilizes fixture to assemble, vertically apply the pressure of 0.01MPa;
(4) the above-mentioned tungsten/copper base solder assembling/chrome zirconium copper alloy weldment being put into vacuum brazing equipment welds; Welding condition: brazing temperature is 900 ℃, temperature retention time 30min, 25 ℃/min of the rate of heat addition, working vacuum degree is 5 * 10
-3pa; 2 insulation platforms are set, 400 ℃ of insulation 10min, 800 ℃ of insulation 10min during intensification; When cooling, with the speed of 60 ℃/min, be cooled to 500 ℃, insulation 2h, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, finally take out weldment.
The pure tungsten obtaining and the welding of docking of chrome zirconium copper alloy, appearance of weld is good, and weldment is without distortion, passes through metallographic and ESEM and do not find microfissure, pore, the defect such as is mingled with.
Embodiment 2
The vacuum brazing of tungsten and chrome zirconium copper alloy banjo fixing butt jointing, tungsten W-TiC, size 30mm * 30mm, thickness is 8mm; Chrome zirconium copper alloy is of a size of 30mm * 30mm, and thickness is 20mm.Soldering processes step is:
(1) the face of weld pretreatment of pure tungsten and chrome zirconium copper alloy: W-TiC and chrome zirconium copper alloy are put into acetone soln Ultrasonic Cleaning 10min, hot-air seasoning; Utilize No. 320, No. 600, No. 800 and No. 1200 sand paperings polishing face of weld; Then deionized water, alcohol Ultrasonic Cleaning, finally dehydrate.
(2) strip copper base solder cleans: by the Cu 71%-Mn 26%-Ti 3%(chemical composition of thickness 150 μ m, be mass fraction) strip solder acetone Ultrasonic Cleaning 10min; Then utilize 1000 order sand paperings, remove surface oxide layer; Alcohol Ultrasonic Cleaning, dries stand-by again.
(3) pretreated copper base solder is placed between pretreated tungsten and chrome zirconium copper alloy welding surface, then utilizes fixture to assemble, vertically apply the pressure of 0.05MPa;
(4) the above-mentioned tungsten/copper base solder assembling/chrome zirconium copper alloy weldment being put into vacuum brazing equipment welds; Welding condition: brazing temperature is 950 ℃, temperature retention time 20min, 20 ℃/min of the rate of heat addition, working vacuum degree is 5 * 10
-3pa; 2 insulation platforms are set, 400 ℃ of insulation 15min, 800 ℃ of insulation 15min during intensification; When cooling, with the speed of 60 ℃/min, be cooled to 480 ℃, insulation 2.5h, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, finally take out weldment.
The pure tungsten obtaining and the welding of docking of chrome zirconium copper alloy, appearance of weld is good, and weldment is without distortion, passes through metallographic and ESEM and do not find microfissure, pore, the defect such as is mingled with.
Embodiment 3
The vacuum brazing of tungsten and chrome zirconium copper alloy banjo fixing butt jointing, tungsten is W-1%La
2o
3(mass fraction) alloy, size 40mm * 40mm, thickness is 10mm; Chrome zirconium copper alloy is of a size of 40mm * 40mm, and thickness is 30mm.Soldering processes step is:
(1) the face of weld pretreatment of pure tungsten and chrome zirconium copper alloy: by W-1%La
2o
3alloy and chrome zirconium copper alloy are put into acetone soln Ultrasonic Cleaning 10min, hot-air seasoning; Utilize No. 320, No. 600, No. 800 and No. 1200 sand paperings polishing face of weld; Proportioning is that the solution of 65% nitric acid: 40% hydrofluoric acid=4:1 cleans tungsten surface 5 minutes; 20% dilute nitric acid solution cleans copper alloy surface 10 minutes; Then ultrasonic wave deionized water, alcohol clean, and finally dehydrate.
(2) strip copper base solder cleans: by the Cu 75%-Mn 24%-Ti 1%(chemical composition of thickness 200 μ m, be mass fraction) strip solder acetone ultrasonic wave 10min, then utilize 1000 order sand paperings, remove surface oxide layer, then alcohol Ultrasonic Cleaning, dry stand-by.
(3) pretreated copper base solder is placed between pretreated tungsten and chrome zirconium copper alloy welding surface, then utilizes fixture to assemble, vertically apply the pressure of 0.1MPa;
(4) the above-mentioned tungsten/copper base solder assembling/chrome zirconium copper alloy weldment being put into vacuum brazing equipment welds; Welding condition: brazing temperature is 970 ℃, temperature retention time 10min, 15 ℃/min of the rate of heat addition, working vacuum degree is 1 * 10
-3pa; 2 insulation platforms are set, 400 ℃ of insulation 10min, 800 ℃ of insulation 10min during intensification; When cooling, with the speed of 60 ℃/min, be cooled to 480 ℃, insulation 3h, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, finally take out weldment.
The pure tungsten obtaining and the welding of docking of chrome zirconium copper alloy, appearance of weld is good, and weldment is without distortion, passes through metallographic and ESEM and do not find microfissure, pore, the defect such as is mingled with.
Claims (5)
1. the vacuum brazing of tungsten copper composite block connects a technique, can be used for fusion facility high heat load parts, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) determine brazing material and solder:
Brazing material is for being selected from pure tungsten, W-La
2o
3or the tungsten piece of W-TiC and contain 0.6 ~ 0.8wt.%Cr, the copper alloy of 0.07 ~ 0.15wt.%Zr;
Brazing material is Cu content 70 ~ 75wt.%, Mn content 25 ~ 29wt.%, Ti content 1～3wt.%, the strip copper base solder that the content sum of Cu, Mn, Ti is 100wt.%;
(2) pretreatment face of weld:
Tungsten piece and chrome zirconium copper alloy piece are put into acetone soln and carry out Ultrasonic Cleaning, sand papering face of weld, surface film oxide is removed in pickling, then ultrasonic wave alcohol cleans, and removes impurity, greasy dirt and the oxide-film of face of weld, finally dehydrates;
(3) clean strip copper base solder:
Sand papering strip copper base solder surface, acetone, alcohol Ultrasonic Cleaning, dry stand-by;
(4) assembling:
Docking mode connects, and copper base solder is placed between pretreated tungsten and copper alloy welding surface, then utilizes fixture to assemble the pressure that vertically applies 0.01 ~ 0.1MPa;
(5) welding:
Tungsten piece+strip copper base solder+chrome copper the weldment assembling in step (4) is put into vacuum brazing equipment to be welded: brazing equipment working vacuum degree is better than 5 * 10
-3pa, first heating rate of take 15～25 ℃/min is warming up to brazing temperature as 900 ~ 970 ℃, and two insulation platforms are set in temperature-rise period, is incubated 10 ~ 15min in the time of 400 ℃, is incubated 10 ~ 15min in the time of 800 ℃; Then be incubated 10 ~ 30min; Carry out coolingly, first the speed with 60 ℃/min is cooled to 480 ~ 500 ℃ again, insulation 2 ~ 3h, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, and complete welding, take out weldment.
2. a kind of tungsten copper composite block vacuum brazing as claimed in claim 1 connects technique, it is characterized in that: in step (2), the surface acid-washing process of tungsten piece and chrome copper is: with 80wt.% nitric acid+20wt.% hydrofluoric acid solution, clean tungsten surface 3 ~ 6 minutes; With 20wt.% salpeter solution, clean copper alloy surface 5 ~ 10 minutes.
3. a kind of tungsten copper composite block vacuum brazing as claimed in claim 1 connects technique, it is characterized in that: in step (1), strip copper base solder is that thickness is the thin slice of 80 ~ 200 μ m.
4. a kind of tungsten copper composite block vacuum brazing as claimed in claim 1 connects technique, it is characterized in that: in step (1), described tungsten piece is of a size of 20mm * 20mm～40mm * 40mm, and thickness is 5mm ~ 10mm; Described chrome copper piece is of a size of 20mm * 20mm～40mm * 40mm, and thickness is 10mm ~ 30mm.
5. a kind of tungsten copper composite block vacuum brazing as claimed in claim 1 connects technique, it is characterized in that: in step (2), utilize successively 320 orders, 600 orders, 800 orders and 1200 order sand papering face of welds; In step (3), with 1000 order sand papering strip copper base solder surfaces.
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