CN115152357A - Plant seed culture dish, germination inspection device, cultivation device and germination method - Google Patents
Plant seed culture dish, germination inspection device, cultivation device and germination method Download PDFInfo
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- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of seed culture or seed inspection, and provides a plant seed culture dish, a germination inspection device, a culture device and a germination method, wherein the culture dish, the germination inspection device, the culture device and the germination method comprise the following steps: a culture dish main body which comprises a plurality of culture units divided by a plurality of transparent partitions; the seed positioning groove is formed in the bottom of the culture unit; the culture dish is divided into a plurality of units by using the transparent partitions, so that the situation that roots of different seeds are staggered together in the growth process to influence the seed identification effect is prevented; simultaneously, a seed constant head tank is designed at the center of every unit, and aim at places the seed according to fixed position, makes seed align to grid, can improve the definition of shooting the image when detecting, has avoided receiving the influence such as the crisscross of root in the seed growth process in the culture dish, has guaranteed the integrality of the seed image information of shooting, helps improving the precision of testing result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seed culture or seed inspection, and particularly relates to a plant seed culture dish, a germination inspection device, a culture device and a germination method.
Background
The current incubator can realize the automatic control of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, illumination and the like in the seed germination process, but the target set value still needs to be set by professional technicians or people with certain experience according to the types of seeds, and the incubator has higher requirements on professional quality of users. Simultaneously, still need the staff regularly to take out the culture dish every day and observe and record the seed condition of sprouting, the work load is great, and efficiency is very low, can't satisfy the intelligent development demand of breeding. At present, two methods for detecting the activity of seeds are available: one is indirect detection method, which is used for measuring physiological and biochemical characteristics related to the vitality of seeds, such as tetrazolium staining method, artificial accelerated aging method, conductivity measurement method and the like; the other method is a direct test method, and the vitality of the seeds is judged by measuring indexes such as the germination rate of the seeds in a laboratory, which is the most main method for testing the quality of the seeds. The actual operation process is that workers culture a batch of seeds, regularly take out a culture dish every day to observe the germination condition of the seeds, and patiently count the number of the germinated seeds and the ungerminated seeds.
The inventor finds that although the quality detection methods of seeds are numerous, most of the methods have disadvantages, such as high requirements on professional ability of experiment workers, complex procedures, time and labor waste, strong subjectivity, low detection efficiency and the like, and the development requirements on intelligent and efficient seed quality inspection cannot be met, but in the existing method for detecting seeds through a camera, due to the influence of the wall of a culture dish and the influence of root staggering and the like in the growth process of seeds in the culture dish, the problem that the shot seed image information is incomplete or seeds in the image are disordered and the like exists, and the detection result is influenced; meanwhile, the existing seed culture (germination) box is relatively simple in function, only environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and illumination required by seed culture and germination are controlled, professional technicians are required to set target values of environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity and illumination according to the types of the cultured seeds, and workers are required to observe and record the germination conditions of the seeds regularly every day.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a plant seed culture dish, a germination inspection device, a cultivation device and a germination method, designs a novel intelligent incubator, realizes full automation of the whole process from seed germination identification to seedling cultivation, optimizes the technical process of seed germination detection, is simple to operate and high in efficiency, and has important significance for construction of a germplasm resource bank.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a plant seed culture dish, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a plant seed culture dish, comprising:
a culture dish main body including a plurality of culture units divided by a plurality of transparent partitions;
and the seed positioning groove is formed in the bottom of the culture unit.
Furthermore, germinating paper is laid at the bottom of the culture unit; the position of the germinating paper, which is positioned in the seed positioning groove, is provided with a hole.
In order to achieve the above object, in a second aspect, the present invention provides a plant seed germination test apparatus, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a plant seed germination inspection device, comprising:
the box body is internally provided with a clamping plate;
a plurality of culture dishes placed on the clamping plate; the culture dish comprises: a culture dish main body including a plurality of culture units divided by a plurality of transparent partitions; the seed positioning groove is formed in the bottom of the culture unit;
and the image acquisition equipment is arranged at the upper part in the box body through a moving device.
Furthermore, a nozzle is arranged on a moving device arranged at the upper part in the box body.
Furthermore, an exhaust fan is installed on the upper wall of the box body, a temperature and humidity sensor is arranged on the inner side wall of the box body, an S-shaped gas pipeline is arranged on the inner rear wall of the box body, and the S-shaped gas pipeline is connected with an air heating and refrigerating device.
Furthermore, a plurality of clamping plates are arranged in the box body and can be detached through sliding rails fixed on the inner side wall of the box body; the lower extreme of upper wall and at least one splint all is provided with the light filling lamp in the box.
Furthermore, an observation window is arranged on a door of the box body; the bottom of the box body is provided with a travelling wheel and a locking mechanism.
In order to achieve the above object, in a third aspect, the present invention further provides a plant seed cultivation device, which adopts the following technical solution:
a plant seed growing apparatus comprising:
the box body is internally provided with a clamping plate;
a plurality of culture dishes placed on the clamping plate; the culture dish comprises: a culture dish main body including a plurality of culture units divided by a plurality of transparent partitions; and the seed positioning groove is formed in the bottom of the culture unit.
In order to achieve the above object, in a fourth aspect, the present invention further provides a method for testing germination of plant seeds, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for testing germination of plant seeds, using the apparatus for testing germination of plant seeds as described in the second aspect, comprising:
acquiring an image containing seeds in real time;
obtaining the number of germinated seeds and ungerminated seeds in the image according to the obtained image and a preset deep learning model;
and calculating the germination rate, the average germination time, the initial germination time and the final germination time according to the number of the germinated seeds and the number of the ungerminated seeds.
Further, after an image containing the seeds is obtained, a noise processing method is used for superposing a plurality of random values to pixel points of the seed images to obtain the seed images after the noise is added;
selecting an optimal weight for predicting the germination state of seeds by comparing a plurality of fingers of accuracy rate, recall rate, average accuracy and average accuracy by adopting a Yolov5 model according to the seed image after noise is added;
inputting the optimal weight into the model to identify the number of germinated seeds and the number of non-germinated seeds.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the culture dish is divided into a plurality of units by using the transparent partitions, so that the situation that roots of different seeds are staggered together in the growth process to influence the seed identification effect is prevented; meanwhile, a seed positioning groove is designed in the center of each unit, so that seeds are placed at fixed positions, the seeds are uniformly arranged, the definition of a shot image during detection can be improved, the influence of root staggering and the like in the growth process of the seeds in a culture dish is avoided, the integrity of the shot seed image information is ensured, and the accuracy of a detection result is improved;
2. the invention designs a novel intelligent incubator, realizes full automation of the whole process from seed germination identification to seedling cultivation, optimizes the technical process of seed germination detection, has simple operation and high efficiency, and has important significance for construction of germplasm resource libraries;
3. the seed cultivation system designed by the invention integrates the latest current seed inspection regulation, the industrial seed germination standard specification and the seed germination expert experience of a plant germplasm resource library; the system can automatically set the information such as temperature, illumination, humidity, primary and final counting time, pre-germination treatment conditions and the like which are suitable for the germination and cultivation of the plant seeds according to the seed germination expert experience database only by selecting the species information and the cultivated seed type in the upper computer software. For plant seeds without normative standards at the present stage, the system can automatically give germination information of the plant seeds of the same family and the genus as reference, and an operator can also set seed germination conditions independently; meanwhile, the sterilization interval time and times may be set. The problem that a proper temperature and humidity value can be set only by consulting a large amount of data according to the plant types by professional personnel or personnel with certain experience in the traditional incubator is solved, the large-scale development of seed germination inspection work in a germplasm resource library and a scientific research institution is facilitated, and the popularization and the use are facilitated;
4. the seed cultivation system designed by the invention analyzes the collected images, monitors the growth condition of the seeds in the germination process in real time, and pushes the growth condition to relevant experts for guiding analysis so as to more scientifically and accurately breed the seeds. For plant seeds without expert experience and normative standards, the plant seeds can be tested, environmental information and images are collected in real time, and the environmental information and the like required by seed germination are determined;
5. the image information acquisition unit designed by the invention adopts a one-by-one scanning mode to shoot pictures, and can shoot a plurality of culture dish seed images in the same layer by only one industrial camera, so that the efficiency of intelligent hardware is fully exerted, and the cost is reduced;
6. the method for detecting the seed germination adopts the image acquisition unit and combines an improved deep learning algorithm, realizes the purposes of automatically shooting seed images at regular time and accurately identifying the germination state of the seeds in the images, counting the number of the germinated seeds and the ungerminated seeds, and calculating biological information such as germination rate, average germination time, initial germination time, final germination time and the like; the problem that the germination rate of the seeds needs to be manually and regularly taken out every day to observe the germination condition of the seeds and count the germination rate in the traditional method for detecting the germination rate of the seeds is solved, the detection precision and the detection efficiency of the germination rate of the seeds are greatly improved, the workload of workers is reduced to the greatest extent, the damage of frequent environmental changes to the seeds is reduced, the risk of contamination is reduced, and the germination quality of the seeds is improved;
7. the method uses a deep learning algorithm, is less influenced by environmental interference, can accurately identify the seed germination state in various complex environments such as strong light, dark light and the like, and obviously improves the seed germination detection precision;
8. the seed cultivation system designed by the invention detects the seed germination environment information in real time, effectively and automatically intervenes the germination environment, and realizes accurate control and remote dynamic monitoring of the seed germination environment;
9. the invention can collect the images of the seeds in different periods of germination, record the whole process of the seeds germination, store related original data, facilitate the application of the later-stage research big data technology in seed management and archive establishment, and simultaneously provide pictures and image materials for the scientific popularization of the plant seeds.
10. The invention really realizes the full automation and intellectualization of the whole process from the seed germination identification to the seedling cultivation, can realize the automatic setting of the germination conditions according to the current seed inspection standard and the expert experience through the relevant operation of the upper computer, automatically detect the germination environment of the seeds and carry out effective intervention, automatically shoot the seed cultivation image at regular time, automatically identify the germination state of the seeds in the picture, count the number of the germinated and ungerminated seeds, calculate various germination information such as the germination rate and the like, display the detection result in real time, and simultaneously store the result in the csv file; the invention greatly reduces the workload of workers, reduces the quantity demand of professional technicians, improves the detection efficiency and precision of seed germination and provides technical support for the construction of germplasm resource libraries.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, are included to provide a further understanding of the present embodiments, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present embodiments and together with the description serve to explain the embodiments and are not intended to limit the embodiments to the proper form disclosed herein.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of a culture dish according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an image information acquisition unit according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the part A in FIG. 3 according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a detection system according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of seed cultivation in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of seed quality inspection according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flowchart of an algorithm for detecting the germination status of seeds according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the result of the germination test of seeds in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 shows the germination detection results of seeds in a dark environment according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 shows the germination detection results of seeds in an environment with strong light according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph of the results of identifying seed shoots and roots according to example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic representation of the image after processing of the identification seed bud and root result map of example 3 of the present invention;
wherein, 1, a travelling wheel; 2. a stainless steel door; 3. an upper computer; 4. an embedded control unit; 5. an observation window; 6. an upper computer bracket; 7. a slide rail; 8. a splint; 9. a culture dish fixing groove; 10. a culture dish body; 11. a culture dish wall; 12. transparent partition walls; 13. a seed positioning groove; 14. germinating paper; 15. an industrial camera; 16. a screw rod; 17. a coupling; 18. a stepping motor; 19. a nut seat; 20. a nozzle; 21. a water delivery pipeline; 22. an S-shaped gas pipeline; 23. an exhaust fan; 24. a sensor; 25. and a light supplement lamp.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure herein. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
With the continuous development of technology, plant seed cultivation and germination inspection systems have undergone several major innovations: the first generation seed cultivation and germination inspection system adopts a full-manual mode, and needs to manually replace the water in a seed culture dish at intervals, sterilize the seed culture dish, measure the temperature and humidity of the seed culture dish, intervene, record and measure the seed condition and the like. The whole seed germination process needs to be observed and recorded manually every day, and the seed germination process is very easily influenced by the external environment, so that the phenomena of seed mildew, root rot and the like can be caused by frequent environmental changes, and the seed germination is not facilitated. Therefore, the first generation seed germination test takes a lot of time for workers and is extremely inefficient. The second generation seed cultivation and germination inspection system adopts a cultivation (germination) box to cultivate seeds. The incubator can create suitable germination conditions for seed germination, reduce artificial interference, shorten seed germination time and improve seed germination rate.
The main purpose of seed germination is to verify the quality of the seeds. The seed quality detection has important significance on the work of intervention of the storage environment of the seeds, seed grading, determination of reasonable seeding quantity, measurement and calculation of the production potential of the seeds and the like. The quality of the seeds is mainly reflected by the vitality of the seeds. The germination rate is one of the important indexes for detecting the seed vitality and is the main standard for judging the quality of the seeds.
As proposed in the background art, the current incubator can realize automatic control of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, illumination and the like in the seed germination process, but the target set value still needs to be set by professional technicians or people with certain experience according to the type of seeds, and has higher requirements on professional qualities of users. Meanwhile, the culture dish is taken out by the workers at regular time every day to observe and record the germination condition of the seeds, so that the workload is high, the efficiency is very low, and the development requirement of breeding intellectualization cannot be met. At present, two methods for detecting the vitality of seeds are available: one is an indirect detection method, which measures the physiological and biochemical characteristics related to the vitality of the seeds, such as a tetrazolium staining method, an artificial accelerated aging method, a conductivity measurement method and the like. The methods have many disadvantages, such as the need of using a professional instrument in a laboratory for operation, high requirement on professional ability of experiment workers, complex procedures, strong subjectivity, poor result accuracy and the like, and are suitable for auxiliary seed quality inspection. The other method is a direct test method, and the seed vitality is judged by measuring indexes such as the germination rate of the seeds in a laboratory, which is the most main method for testing the seed quality. The actual operation process is that workers culture a batch of seeds, regularly take out a culture dish every day to observe the germination condition of the seeds, and patiently count the number of the germinated seeds and the ungerminated seeds. Compared with an indirect method, the method for manually detecting germination and counting the germination rate does not need expensive equipment and strong professional ability, but the method has the defects of strong repeatability, large workload, low efficiency, strong subjectivity, poor detection effect and the like. Therefore, a practical, high-efficiency and simple-operation seed germination activity detection system based on an intelligent incubator is urgently needed, and has important significance for promoting the development of agriculture and forestry.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a plant seed culture dish, which includes a culture dish main body 10, a culture dish wall 11, a transparent partition 12, a seed positioning slot 13 and a germination paper 14;
the culture dish body 10 includes a plurality of culture units partitioned by a plurality of transparent partitions 12;
the seed positioning groove 13 is formed in the bottom of the culture unit;
the bottom of the culture unit is paved with the germination paper 14; in order to avoid the seed positioning groove 13 being shielded by the germination paper, a hole is formed in the germination paper 14 at a position located in the seed positioning groove 13; it will be understood that the holes are shaped and sized to correspond to the mouths of the positioning slots 13.
It is understood that the culture dish can be arranged in a rectangular shape, a circular shape, other polygonal shapes or irregular shapes, the culture unit can be divided into rectangular shapes, circular shapes, other polygonal shapes or irregular shapes by the transparent partitions 12, and it is understood that the divided culture units can be a plurality of culture units with the same shape or a plurality of culture units with different shapes; the transparent partition 12 can be an acrylic transparent plate, and can also be a transparent plate made of other materials;
in order to identify the germination quantity of the seeds conveniently, in the embodiment, the rectangular culture dish main body 10 is divided into a plurality of units by the transparent partitions 12, so that roots of different seeds are prevented from being staggered together in the growth process to influence the seed identification effect. A seed positioning groove 13 is designed at the center of each unit for placing the seeds at a fixed position and uniformly arranging the seeds, and the taken pictures facilitate the germination recognition of the seeds. The germinating paper 14 is used for storing moisture and providing sufficient moisture for seed germination. The culture dish can adopt the rectangle culture dish, and the purpose makes its make full use of camera shoot the scope, and under the certain circumstances of camera shooting scope, the seed quantity of shooing is the most.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a plant seed germination testing apparatus, which includes an upper computer unit, an embedded control unit, an environmental information collecting unit, an environmental information adjusting unit, an image information collecting unit, a signal transmission unit, a culture dish fixing unit, a protection unit, a seed germination database, and the like, and the work flow of the whole system is as shown in fig. 6 and fig. 7. Next, the mechanical structure composition in the present embodiment is as shown in fig. 2, 3, 4, and 1.
As shown in fig. 2, comprises a box body, which can be understood as an incubator, and each corner of the lower end of the box body is provided with a walking wheel 1, which is convenient for daily transportation and movement. The front of box sets up a stainless steel door 2, can be double-deck stainless steel door, and double-deck stainless steel door both can slow down the incubator in the humiture change, is convenient for install host computer 3 again, and embedded controller unit 4 etc. host computer 3 can understand the host computer unit in the system. In other embodiments, the stainless steel door 2 is sealed, moistureproof and anti-collision treated by a conventional method, so that the stable operation of each unit such as the upper computer 3 is prevented from being affected by moisture. An observation window 5 is arranged in the middle of the stainless steel door 2, can be made of double-layer toughened glass, and is sealed by using a sealing strip and a sealing glue. Set up 5 purposes of observation window are convenient for observe the behavior of each inside unit of incubator has avoided frequent switch door to cause the humidity change in the incubator to reduce the equipment energy consumption.
The upper computer 3 can be fixed in the stainless steel door 2 through the upper computer bracket 6 and is used for processing various information in real time and sending out a correct control command, which is equivalent to the brain of an incubator. The upper computer unit can use a Qt Designer design and is provided with buttons such as species information, seed types, environment control, sterilization interval time and times, start and stop work, photographing interval time and a seed germination database.
The embedded controller unit 4 can be installed below the stainless steel door 2 and is used for receiving the command of the upper computer unit, controlling the environment adjusting unit to adjust the environment of the incubator and controlling the image acquisition unit to acquire the seed image. Specifically, the embedded control unit 4 includes but is not limited to an embedded controller such as a single chip, a DSP, an FPGA or/and an ARM, and peripheral devices such as an optical coupler isolator, an MOS transistor or/and a triode. The embedded controller unit 4 receives the environment adjusting command of the upper computer 3 and combines the actual information acquired by the environment information acquisition unit to correspondingly process the environment adjusting command and output control quantity to the environment adjusting unit, so as to adjust the environment of the incubator, provide a proper environment for seed germination and accelerate the seed germination; meanwhile, the embedded control unit 4 also receives an image acquisition command of the upper computer 3, controls the image information acquisition unit to shoot images of the seed culture dish and records the germination condition of seeds.
The culture dish fixing unit comprises a slide rail 7, a clamping plate 8 and a culture dish fixing groove 9; in order to fully utilize the space of the seed incubator, the interior of the incubator is divided into a plurality of layers, such as three layers, and the layers are separated by the clamping plates 8, so that the daily disassembly and assembly are convenient. Splint 8 pass through slide rail 7 is fixed in the incubator, and the even recess 9 that is equipped with a plurality of fixed culture dishes on each layer of splint 8 prevents the removal of culture dish main part 10, and makes culture dish main part 10 align to grid makes things convenient for further image information acquisition unit to shoot the seed image according to the scanning mode circulation.
The culture dish unit has all the features of the culture dish of embodiment 1, and includes a culture dish main body 10, a culture dish wall 11, a transparent partition 12, a seed positioning groove 13, and a germination paper 14.
The image information acquisition unit is arranged above each layer of clamping plate 8, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, and comprises an image acquisition device, a screw rod 16, a coupling 17, a stepping motor 18, a nut seat 19, a limit switch and the like, wherein the image acquisition device can be an industrial camera 15. The industrial camera 15 is fixed on the nut seat 19, the stepping motor 18 drives the screw rod 16 to rotate through the coupler 17, so that the nut seat 19 is driven to move, the industrial camera 15 is driven to scan and shoot images of the seed culture dish one by one, and the nut seat 19 is provided with a threaded sleeve matched with the screw rod 16.
Specifically, the image information acquisition unit can comprise an industrial camera, a screw rod, a nut seat, a supporting seat, a linear rail, a coupling, a stepping motor driver, a limit switch and the like; the camera is fixed on the nut seat, and the stepping motor drives the screw rod to move through the coupler, so that the nut seat and the industrial camera are driven to move. The image information acquisition unit adopts two lead screws which are arranged in a cross shape, so that the industrial camera can move in the XY direction, and further, all culture dishes on a layer of clamping plate of the incubator can be shot by using one camera, thereby reducing the cost; the industrial camera is used for collecting seed images in the culture dish; the limit switch is used for limiting the moving position of the industrial camera; it can be understood that the step motor, the nut seat, the screw rod and the like form a moving device for mounting the image acquisition device and the nozzle, the step motor comprises a first step motor and a second step motor, the nut seat comprises a first nut seat and a second nut seat, the first step motor is fixed on the inner wall of the box body, the first step motor is connected with a first screw rod through a coupler, and the first nut seat is sleeved on the first screw rod through a threaded sleeve which is arranged or fixed on the first nut seat, so that the action in the X direction is realized; the second stepping motor is fixed on a second nut seat, the second stepping motor is connected with a second lead screw through a coupling, the second nut seat is sleeved on the second lead screw through a threaded sleeve which is arranged or fixed on the second nut seat, the second lead screw is vertical to the first lead screw in the axial direction, the action in the Y direction is realized, and the industrial camera is fixed on the second nut seat; similarly, the arrangement of the nozzles and the movement in the XY direction can be realized in this manner.
Environmental information acquisition unit and environmental control unit, each layer between 8 intermediate layers in the incubator all is equipped with sensor 24, light filling lamp 25 and shower nozzle 20 etc, the sensor can include temperature sensor, humidity transducer, light intensity sensor and carbon dioxide sensor etc. installs each sensor evenly distributed inside the incubator, accurately gathers incubator inside environmental information in real time, then passes through signal transmission unit with the information transmission who gathers to embedded the control unit, and is specific, sensor 24 is used for inside humiture, the illumination intensity of accurate collection incubator. A refrigerator, a heater, a water tank, a water pump and the like are arranged at the bottom of the incubator, and the refrigerator and the heater can be understood as refrigerating and heating devices. An S-shaped gas pipe 22 and a water pipe 21 are installed at the rear wall of the incubator. The S-shaped gas pipeline uniformly conveys cold air generated by the refrigerator or hot air generated by the heating pipe to each layer of the incubator. The water pipe 21 is connected with a water pump and a nozzle 20. The nozzle 20 moves in translation with the rotation of the screw 16 to provide sufficient moisture to the seeds in each dish. Meanwhile, the top of the incubator is provided with an exhaust fan 23 for exhausting water vapor and ensuring the air circulation in the incubator.
Specifically, the environment adjusting unit includes, but is not limited to, a temperature adjusting unit, a humidity adjusting unit, a light adjusting and sterilizing unit, and the like. In some embodiments, the temperature adjusting unit may include a semiconductor refrigerator, a heating pipe, an S-type gas circulation pipe, a tank insulating layer, and the like; compared with a compressor, the semiconductor refrigeration has small volume, no noise and high refrigeration speed; the humidity adjusting unit comprises a spray head, a water tank, a water conveying pipeline, a water pump and the like; the illumination adjusting unit can comprise a light supplementing lamp, a light controller and the like; the sterilizing unit may include an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp; the environment adjusting unit can realize that the environment of incubator is adjusted fast, accurately, makes it reach the setting value of host computer, promotes the seed to germinate.
The working principle or process of the embodiment is as follows:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining the scientific name (Latin name) and the seed type of a plant which is selected and cultivated by a worker, automatically setting corresponding control parameters such as a temperature and humidity value, a light illumination value, a watering time interval, watering times and the like by combining the existing seed germination standard specification and related expert experience which are blended, giving a selection prompt, and enabling the operator to confirm whether to use the plant or not and also to set condition parameters independently. Meanwhile, a sterilization time interval and the number of sterilization times may be set. And transmitting commands with a plurality of units such as an embedded control unit, including but not limited to transmitting image acquisition commands and environment adjusting commands at regular time. And identifying the germination state of the seeds by using a deep learning target detection algorithm, counting the number of the germinated seeds and the ungerminated seeds, and calculating the germination rate, the average germination time, the initial germination time, the final germination time and the like. And displaying the photographed seed image and the result of recognizing the seed image in real time, etc. Intelligent personnel management mode: the method has the advantages that various login modes such as passwords and face recognition are set, seed images and germination information in any time period can be quickly checked after login is successful, and contents such as environmental conditions are synchronously displayed. The signal transmission unit comprises a plurality of industrial grade RS485 modules, is responsible for transmitting commands and data between each unit, and signal transmission unit transmission distance reaches kilometers more than, supports a plurality of slaves, such as computer and cell-phone etc. the interference killing feature is strong, still has the lightning protection design. The protection unit comprises a controller protection unit and a sensor protection unit. This embodiment has all carried out dampproofing and crashproof processing to controller and sensor, and the purpose is to avoid the moist environmental factor and the human factor of incubator to cause the damage to it, influences entire system's steady operation.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a plant seed cultivation device, which comprises a box body, wherein a clamping plate 8 is arranged inside the box body; a plurality of culture dishes placed on the clamping plate 8; the culture dish comprises a culture dish main body 10 and a seed positioning groove 13, wherein the culture dish main body 10 comprises a plurality of culture units which are divided by a plurality of transparent partitions 12; the seed positioning groove 13 is arranged at the bottom of the culture unit. The culture dish in this example has all the technical features of the culture dish in example 1, and the other structure has all the technical features of the incubator in example 2, and is different from example 2 only in that the detection content of the seed is not involved.
Example 4:
the embodiment provides a method for testing germination of plant seeds, which adopts the device for testing germination of plant seeds as in embodiment 2, and mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, the germination paper 14 is laid at the bottom of the culture dish main body 10, seeds are placed in the culture dish main body 10, and then the culture dish main body 10 is placed in the culture dish fixing groove 9 of the clamping plate.
S2, selecting the plant type and the seed type in the upper computer unit, and automatically setting parameters such as temperature, humidity, illuminance, watering interval time, watering times and the like suitable for the seed germination of the plant according to the selected plant type and the seed type by integrating the current technical standard and expert experience. Meanwhile, the sterilization interval time and the sterilization times can also be set. For plants without standard seed germination normalization at the present stage, the system can automatically give out seed germination information of plants of the same family and the same genus as reference, and an operator can also set seed germination conditions independently. Meanwhile, the system can be used for carrying out experiments on the plant seeds, collecting environmental information and images in real time, analyzing growth conditions, determining environmental information required by seed germination and the like. After the operation is finished, all units in the incubator can be seen to work in order, and after a few minutes, the internal environment of the incubator reaches a target set value.
Specifically, a seed germination database is called through designed upper computer software; because international seed inspection regulations, national and industrial seed germination standards and seed germination expert experiences of domestic and foreign plant germplasm resource libraries are merged, the system can automatically provide parameter information such as temperature, illumination, humidity, primary and final counting time, seed germination pretreatment conditions and the like required by the germination of the plant seeds according to the selected plant academic name (Latin name), for the plant seeds which do not have the normative standard at the present stage, the system automatically provides the germination information of the plant seeds of the same family as reference, and an operator only needs to select whether to accept the conditions or not and can also use the system to perform experiments to determine the germination conditions of the seeds; meanwhile, the operator can also set the seed germination conditions independently; after the operation is finished, the upper computer sends the command to the embedded control unit through the signal transmission unit.
The embedded control unit receives the command of the upper computer and checks the command without errors, analyzes the command frame, sends out a control command signal by combining the actual environmental information of the incubator collected by the environmental information collection unit, and controls the environmental regulation unit to regulate the environment of the incubator so as to achieve the environment suitable for seed germination.
And S3, setting the photographing interval time in the upper computer, and observing the cyclic start and the closing of the stepping motor through an observation window 5 of the incubator after the setting is finished. The nut holder 19 is moved along the entire plane by the co-operating rotation of two cross stepping motors 18, and the camera 15 is suspended obliquely above each culture dish. When the camera 15 hovers above the culture dish, a photographing program is automatically started, and the photographed pictures are stored in a local or cloud folder according to a certain sequence and named according to the current photographing date and time.
Specifically, the upper computer sends the image acquisition command to the embedded control unit at regular time according to the shooting interval time set in the upper computer. And after receiving the image acquisition command, the embedded control unit controls the image acquisition unit to shoot images of the culture dish one by one according to a scanning mode. The method for shooting the picture by adopting the scanning mode can reduce the number of cameras and reduce the cost. Meanwhile, the system can upload the shot pictures of different seed types to different local or cloud folders, names the picture names according to the current shooting date and time, and facilitates the staff to check the pictures in the future.
And (4) carrying out characteristic analysis on the acquired seed image, and extracting the geometric form of the seed and the length and the area of the bud and the root according to the characteristics of the image such as texture and the like.
And S4, automatically identifying the number of germinated seeds and ungerminated seeds in the stored picture by adopting a trained improved deep learning model, then calculating germination information such as germination rate, average germination time, initial germination time and final germination time, storing the germination information into a csv file, and synchronously displaying the germination information into an upper computer.
Specifically, the upper computer automatically identifies the number of germinated seeds and ungerminated seeds in the shot picture by using a deep learning model, calculates various germination parameters such as seed germination rate, average germination time, initial germination time and final germination time, automatically stores the germination parameters in a csv file and synchronously displays the csv file in the upper computer to form a germination curve graph. And determining the germination condition of the seeds by combining the image characteristics extracted in the last step and the types of the cultivated seeds, and pushing the information to relevant experts to better provide accurate guidance opinions.
And S5, checking the stored seed image and the recognition result by a worker through a password or a face brushing login system, specifically checking the seed image shot in any time period, the seed germination rate, the environmental condition parameters and other results.
The specific flow of the algorithm for intelligently identifying the seed buds and the roots provided in the disclosure is shown in fig. 8, and the identification results are shown in fig. 9, fig. 10, fig. 11, fig. 12 and fig. 13.
The embodiment uses an improved deep learning algorithm, is less influenced by environmental interference, and as shown in fig. 10 and 11, can accurately identify the germination state of the seeds in a strong light and dark complex environment, thereby improving the detection precision. FIG. 12 shows the accurate identification of the position of shoots and roots in an image.
The specific flow of the algorithm for identifying the germination rate of the seeds comprises the following steps:
a seed data set is collected. The image information acquisition unit or the auxiliary image acquisition equipment is utilized to acquire the germination and non-germination pictures of seeds under various angles and various backgrounds, the acquisition work of a seed data set is completed, and 3000 samples are acquired in total. 3000 collected seed samples are subjected to data cleaning work, fuzzy and repeated pictures are removed, and the sample quality is improved. And then performing data enhancement operations such as geometric transformation, gaussian noise addition, color disturbance, image splicing, background fusion and the like. After data enhancement operation, the number of the seed data set pictures reaches nearly 5000, and the number of the labels reaches nearly 10000.
Gaussian noise was added to the data set:
the probability density function of the Gaussian noise obeys normal distribution, random values are generated and are superposed on pixel points of the seed image, then the seed image after the noise is added is obtained, and the formula is as follows:
where μ denotes an average value of pixel values, and σ denotes a standard deviation of the pixel values.
And modifying and training the network model to obtain the optimal weight. The Yolov5 trunk feature extraction network adopts a C3 structure, brings larger parameter quantity, causes slower detection speed when detecting the germination state of seeds, and can meet practical application by a high-performance computer. In order to better apply the model to a seed detection system and reduce the product cost, the invention replaces the backbone feature extraction network of YOLOv5 with a lighter MobileNet network so as to realize the lightweight of the network model, facilitate the deployment on low-cost and low-performance embedded industrial equipment and accelerate the speed of detecting the germination state of seeds.
The specific operation steps are as follows: py file in YOLOv5 code is modified, mobileNetV3 module is added and registered in yolo py file, and then corresponding yaml file is modified. And then, the collected seed data set is transmitted to an improved Yolov5 model, an RTX3090 display card is used for starting training, and finally, an optimal weight is selected through a plurality of indexes such as Precision (Precision, P), recall (Recall, R), average Precision (AP), average Precision (mAP) and the like to predict the germination state of the seeds.
The larger the P, R, AP and mAP are, the better the model is trained, and the specific calculation formula is as follows.
Wherein TP is the number of positive samples correctly identified as positive samples, FP is the number of negative samples incorrectly identified as positive samples, FN is the number of positive samples incorrectly identified as negative samples, and N is the total number of classes of the detected seeds.
The optimal weight is selected by using the evaluation indexes, and the optimal weight is input into a detection model to identify the number of germinated and ungerminated seeds in the captured image. And (4) calculating the germination rate. The calculation formula of the germination rate is as follows:
wherein, alpha is the number of seeds germinated in the seed image identified by the algorithm, beta is the number of seeds not germinated in the identified seed image, alpha + beta is the total number of seeds in the image, and germ _ per is the calculated germination rate.
Judging the germination standard of the seeds, namely judging the seeds with the length of more than or equal to 2mm to germinate when the length of the radicle of the seeds reaches 2 mm; and judging that the seeds with the seed length less than 2mm germinate when the radicle length reaches the seed length.
The method for calculating the average germination time (MGT), the initial germination time and the final germination time of the seeds comprises the following steps:
MGT＝∑(D n )/∑n
wherein MGT represents the average germination time, n represents the number of germination on the day, and D represents the germination time (day).
Initial germination time (T) 1 ) The time (day) of germination of the first seed of the batch of seeds and the final germination time (T) f ) The time (day) for the last seed of the batch of seeds to germinate is determined by default, and if the time is required to be modified into hours, the time can be set in an upper computer system.
Packing the model, deploying the model to an upper computer unit, and performing visual display. And packing the model and the environment on which the model depends into exe, and conveniently deploying the model to an upper computer to obtain practical application. Meanwhile, in order to enable non-professional technicians to operate, a visual operation interface is designed by using the Qt Designer, and the operation is simple.
The method and the plant seed germination inspection device in the embodiment are combined with the cultivation device, full automation and intellectualization of the whole process from seed germination identification to seedling cultivation are realized, the target values of environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity and illuminance are automatically set according to the current standard and expert experience, effective intervention is performed on the germination environment, images of the seed germination process are automatically shot and stored, the whole process of seed germination is recorded, seed images are detected and the germination rate is counted, growth condition monitoring and guiding analysis in the seed germination process are performed, and remote real-time dynamic monitoring and right-division setting of a computer, a mobile phone and the like can be realized. For plant seeds without expert experience and normative standards, the system can perform experiments on the plant seeds, determine environmental information and the like required by the seed germination. Meanwhile, the image acquisition unit is adopted and an improved deep learning algorithm is combined, so that the germination condition of the seeds in the complex image is accurately identified, the germination rate, the detection precision and the detection efficiency of the seeds are improved, and the workload of technicians is reduced to the greatest extent.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present embodiment should be included in the protection scope of the present embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. A plant seed culture dish, comprising:
a culture dish main body which comprises a plurality of culture units divided by a plurality of transparent partitions;
and the seed positioning groove is formed in the bottom of the culture unit.
2. The plant seed culture dish of claim 1, wherein the bottom of the culture unit is laid with germination paper; the position of the germinating paper, which is positioned in the seed positioning groove, is provided with a hole.
3. The utility model provides a plant seed germination verifying attachment which characterized in that includes:
the box body is internally provided with a clamping plate;
a plurality of culture dishes placed on the clamping plate; the culture dish comprises: a culture dish main body which comprises a plurality of culture units divided by a plurality of transparent partitions; the seed positioning groove is formed in the bottom of the culture unit;
and the image acquisition equipment is arranged at the upper part in the box body through a moving device.
4. A plant seed germination testing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said moving means includes a stepping motor, a nut holder and a screw; the stepping motor comprises a first stepping motor and a second stepping motor, and the nut seat comprises a first nut seat and a second nut seat; the first stepping motor is fixed on the inner wall of the box body, the first stepping motor is connected with a first screw rod through a coupler, the first nut seat is sleeved on the first screw rod, the second stepping motor is fixed on a second nut seat, the second stepping motor is connected with a second screw rod through a coupler, the second nut seat is sleeved on the second screw rod, the second screw rod is vertical to the first screw rod in the axial direction, and the image acquisition equipment is fixed on the second nut seat;
or the like, or a combination thereof,
and a nozzle is fixed on the second nut seat.
5. A plant seed germination testing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein an exhaust fan is installed on an upper wall of the box body, a temperature and humidity sensor is provided on a side wall in the box body, an S-shaped gas pipe is provided on a rear wall in the box body, and the S-shaped gas pipe is connected with an air heating and refrigerating apparatus.
6. A plant seed germination testing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of clamping plates are detachably provided in the box body by means of slide rails fixed to an inner side wall of the box body, respectively; the lower extreme of upper wall and at least one splint all is provided with the light filling lamp in the box.
7. A plant seed germination testing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a door of the box body is provided with an observation window; the bottom of the box body is provided with a travelling wheel.
8. A plant seed growing apparatus, comprising:
the box body is internally provided with a clamping plate;
a plurality of culture dishes placed on the clamping plate; the culture dish comprises: a culture dish main body which comprises a plurality of culture units divided by a plurality of transparent partitions; and the seed positioning groove is formed in the bottom of the culture unit.
9. A method for testing germination of plant seeds, which comprises using the apparatus for testing germination of plant seeds according to any one of claims 3 to 7, comprising:
acquiring an image containing seeds in real time;
obtaining the number of germinated seeds and ungerminated seeds in the image according to the obtained image and a preset deep learning model;
and calculating the germination rate, the average germination time, the initial germination time and the final germination time according to the number of the germinated seeds and the number of the ungerminated seeds.
10. The method for inspecting germination of plant seeds of claim 9, wherein after the image containing seeds is obtained, some random values are superimposed on the pixel points of the seed image by a noise processing method to obtain the seed image after noise is added;
selecting an optimal weight for predicting the germination state of the seeds by comparing a plurality of fingers of accuracy rate, recall rate, average accuracy and average accuracy by adopting a Yolov5 model according to the images of the seeds added with noise;
and inputting the optimal weight into the model to identify the number of the germinated seeds and the number of the ungerminated seeds.
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