CN115140940A - 一种蓝色系列bipv产品的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于建筑光伏一体化技术领域,尤其涉及一种蓝色系列BIPV产品的制备方法,本发明采用多层叠加低消光系数纳米无机材料,分散于透明高温釉料中,再通过丝印加工,涂覆于前板玻璃表面,经过700摄氏度高温烧结形成银色系涂层。通过控制纳米无机材料在透明高温釉料中的用量,可以得到银蓝色到天蓝色各种明度不一样的低吸收可见光蓝色。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑光伏一体化技术领域,尤其涉及一种蓝色系列BIPV产品的制备方法。
背景技术
太阳能电池对可见光的吸收很强,光伏组件外观普遍呈暗色,安装在建筑物上,外观单一,因此出现了彩色BIPV产品。其中色度、明暗程度不同的各种蓝色系,让建筑物外观表现力更加丰富,是建筑物广泛使用的颜色之一,目前蓝色系BIPV产品,彩釉类的,因为现有彩釉中存在颜料的光吸收较大问题,使光伏组件功率折损过大,或者UV涂料根本不适合用在建筑物上,蓝色系列薄膜类分光膜的工艺复杂,在实际使用中偏色严重,而且容易产生色差问题,制造成本高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种蓝色系列BIPV产品的制备方法,旨在解决常规BIPV产品颜色暗沉、单一的难题,在保证组件发电效率的前提下,使建筑外立面能呈现出各种色度、明暗程度不同的蓝色系列颜色,色调高贵,种类丰富,极大的改善建筑外观色调一致性,同时大幅降低光伏组件光电转换效率折损,而且工艺制程简单可靠。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种蓝色系列BIPV产品的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)光学薄膜制备:光学薄膜由高折射率材料H和低折射率材料L复合而成,光学薄膜基础结构为HLH,每次只增加LH叠层且能多次叠加,所述高折射率材料H的厚度为20-50nm,低折射率材料L的厚度为20-80nm;
(2)在玻璃表面镀制5-7层光学薄膜,光谱曲线控制为:反射带380-550nm 反射率不低于30%,透射带为620-780nm,透射率不低于70%,吸收率小于1.0%;(3)光学薄膜分离加工:将光学薄膜与玻璃基板分开,提取光学薄膜;
(4)颜料制备:研磨光学薄膜至粉体颗粒度为10~60μm;
(5)颜料分散于透明釉料:将颜料粉体与透明釉料混合均匀,按照外观与透过率的要求来选择不同的颜料与透明釉料的混合比例;
(6)丝网印刷:按照普通玻璃丝网印刷工艺将颜料涂敷于BIPV前板玻璃表面;
(7)高温烧结:按照普通玻璃钢化步骤于700℃下进行高温烧结制得蓝色系列前板玻璃涂层的BIPV产品;
进一步的,所述步骤(1)中所述高折射率材料为二氧化钛、五氧化二铌、二氧化锌、二氧化锡中的至少一种,折射率大于2.0;所述低折射率材料为二氧化硅、三氧化二铝中的至少一种,折射率小于1.67。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)中所镀的光学薄膜材料耐700℃以上的高温。
呈色机理:对于各类民用光伏电池(主要包括晶硅,薄膜光伏电池)来说,其在太阳光照条件下的光谱响应范围基本在360-1000nm范围,与人的视觉光谱范围重合,因此,对于各种颜色类型的BIPV产品,在产品设计的时候,需要遵循的原则:颜料或彩色薄膜在要求的光谱范围内对光吸收率控制在尽可能低(≤1%)的条件下完成产品的外观颜色设计,尽可能减小对光伏电池光电转换效率的影响。银蓝色、明度、色度不同的各种蓝色BIPV光伏组件依据以上原则,精选各种镀膜材料制成可见光区域低吸收分光薄膜,在成熟工艺技术基础上提炼归纳,最终制成一种高温油墨,使得蓝色系BIPV产品的设计制造,在保证高品质的同时,后端工艺灵活性、稳定性提高,原先的复杂工艺变得简单可靠,原先的颜料选择方面的不可靠也得到了解决。
本发明具有的优点是:
1.本发明采用多层叠加低消光系数纳米无机材料,分散于透明高温釉料中,再通过丝印加工,涂覆于前板玻璃表面,经过700摄氏度高温烧结形成蓝色系涂层,通过控制纳米无机材料在透明高温釉料中的用量,可以得到银蓝色到天蓝等各种明度不一样的低吸收可见光蓝色;
2.本发明解决了常规BIPV产品颜色暗沉、单一的难题,在保证组件发电效率的前提下,使建筑外立面能呈现出各种色度、明暗程度不同的金色、咖啡色等暖色调系列颜色,色调高贵,种类丰富,极大的改善建筑外观色调一致性,同时大幅降低光伏组件光电转换效率折损,而且工艺制程简单可靠;
3.本发明与已有彩釉类型BIPV产品相比,光电转换效率折损大幅降低,折损的比例≤16%,其他普通釉料折损30%左右;与已有镀膜类型BIPV产品相比,本发明工艺简单灵活,容易控制色差,适合低成本,大批量生产,满足光伏产品25年的使用要求,加工工艺稳定。
附图说明
图1是本发明工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
实施例
以碲化镉(CdTc)薄膜太阳能BIPV产品为例来进行详细说明,其典型结构包括从上到下依次设置的前板玻璃、PVB、发电玻璃、PVB、背板玻璃,前板玻璃作为BIPV产品最外层,其外观颜色可以决定建筑物外立面颜色和整体外观效果,彩色前板玻璃的制备方法包括以下步骤:
分光膜材料和膜结构如下:
(1)光学薄膜制备:光学薄膜由高折射率材料H和低折射率材料L复合而成,光学薄膜基础结构为HLH,每次只增加LH叠层且能多次叠加,即膜层结构为HL1H1L2H2…LNHN,所述高折射率材料H的厚度为20-50nm,低折射率材料L的厚度为20-80nm,高折射率材料为二氧化钛、五氧化二铌、二氧化锌、二氧化锡中的至少一种,折射率大于2.0;所述低折射率材料为二氧化硅、三氧化二铝中的至少一种,折射率小于1.67;
(2)在玻璃表面镀制5-7层光学薄膜,光谱曲线控制为:反射带380-550nm 反射率不低于30%,透射带为620-780nm,透射率不低于70%,吸收率小于1.0%,所镀的光学薄膜材料耐700℃以上的高温;
(3)光学薄膜分离加工:将光学薄膜与玻璃基板分开,提取光学薄膜;
(4)颜料制备:研磨光学薄膜至粉体颗粒度为10~60μm;
(5)颜料分散于透明釉料:将颜料粉体与透明釉料混合均匀,按照外观与透过率的要求来选择不同的颜料与透明釉料的混合比例;
(6)丝网印刷:按照普通玻璃丝网印刷工艺将颜料涂敷于BIPV前板玻璃表面;
高温烧结:按照普通玻璃钢化步骤于700℃下进行高温烧结制得蓝色系列前板玻璃涂层的BIPV产品。
与已有彩釉类型BIPV产品相比,本发明光电转换效率折损大幅降低,折损的比例≤16%,其他普通釉料折损30%左右;与已有镀膜类型BIPV产品相比,本发明工艺简单灵活,容易控制色差。适合低成本,大批量生产,满足光伏产品25年的使用要求,加工工艺稳定。
Claims (3)
1.一种蓝色系列BIPV产品的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)光学薄膜制备:光学薄膜由高折射率材料H和低折射率材料L复合而成,光学薄膜基础结构为HLH,每次只增加LH叠层且能多次叠加,所述高折射率材料H的厚度为20-50nm,低折射率材料L的厚度为20-80nm;
(2)在玻璃表面镀制5-7层光学薄膜,光谱曲线控制为:反射带380-550nm 反射率不低于30%,透射带为620-780nm,透射率不低于70%,吸收率小于1.0%;
(3)光学薄膜分离加工:将光学薄膜与玻璃基板分开,提取光学薄膜;
(4)颜料制备:研磨光学薄膜至粉体颗粒度为10~60μm;
(5)颜料分散于透明釉料:将颜料粉体与透明釉料混合均匀,按照外观与透过率的要求来选择不同的颜料与透明釉料的混合比例;
(6)丝网印刷:按照普通玻璃丝网印刷工艺将颜料涂敷于BIPV前板玻璃表面;
(7)高温烧结:按照普通玻璃钢化步骤于700℃下进行高温烧结制得蓝色系列前板玻璃涂层的BIPV产品。
2.如权利要求1所述的蓝色系列BIPV产品的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中所述高折射率材料为二氧化钛、五氧化二铌、二氧化锌、二氧化锡中的至少一种,折射率大于2.0;所述低折射率材料为二氧化硅、三氧化二铝中的至少一种,折射率小于1.67。
3.如权利要求2所述的蓝色系列BIPV产品的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中所镀的光学薄膜材料耐700℃以上的高温。
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