CN115135726B - 利用氰胺废渣制备复合材料用颜填料的方法 - Google Patents

利用氰胺废渣制备复合材料用颜填料的方法 Download PDF

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CN115135726B
CN115135726B CN202180012811.1A CN202180012811A CN115135726B CN 115135726 B CN115135726 B CN 115135726B CN 202180012811 A CN202180012811 A CN 202180012811A CN 115135726 B CN115135726 B CN 115135726B
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waste residue
cyanamide
treatment
slurry
melamine
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CN115135726A (zh
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任冬寅
尚志新
马洪才
曲铭海
王晨宁
郭昊
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Dezhou University
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Abstract

利用氰胺废渣制备复合材料用颜填料的方法包括如下步骤：预处理氰胺废渣，所述预处理包括对氰胺废渣进行打浆处理和固氮处理；对预处理后的氰胺废渣进行超细加工；对超细加工后的氰胺废渣进行表面改性。

Description

利用氰胺废渣制备复合材料用颜填料的方法
技术领域
本发明属于工业固体废弃物绿色资源化利用领域，尤其涉及一种利用氰胺废渣制备复合材料用颜填料的方法。
背景技术
氰胺废渣是工业上生产单氰胺或双氰胺过程中产生的废渣。新产生的废渣其含水45％左右，固相中主要成分为碳酸钙、碳、二氧化硅以及少量氧化铁、氧化镁、有机氮化物等杂质。氰胺废渣呈黑色，粒径在0-0.2mm之间，pH值在8-8.5之间，比表面积3.5-4.5m3/g。每生产1吨(t)双氰胺约产生干基废渣5t。据统计，仅在石嘴山，氰胺废渣的产量就达到500万吨/年。大量氰胺废渣的堆积，不仅占用大量的土地，而且存在水资源和粉尘污染的隐患。
目前，人们对氰胺废渣的综合利用进行了大量的研究，如利用氰胺废渣生产硫脲、钙盐、氧化钙、碳酸钙、固体燃料、陶粒、烧结砖、水泥等。但上述生产过程不仅涉及酸、碱等化工处理过程，而且产生其它废弃物，也就是面临高能耗和产品附加值低的问题。
另外，在以氰胺渣废渣为原料制备橡塑填料的初级方法中，为氰胺渣的绿色高效利用指明方向。但是，两者生产工艺存在缺陷，对氰胺渣内有害成分如水溶性有机氮化物、重金属氧化物、氧化铁等，都未做处理。但是上述有害成分，对橡塑制品的耐水性、耐老化性、耐候性有较大的影响，导致产品很难在市场上大规模推广。
发明内容
鉴于上述的现有氰胺废渣在综合利用方面存在问题，提出了本发明所述的利用氰胺废渣制备复合材料用颜填料的方法。本发明所述的方法能够针对氰胺废渣自身的特性，结合相应的加工工艺，实现对氰胺废渣的绿色高值化利用。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种利用氰胺废渣制备复合材料用颜填料的方法，所述方法包括原料预处理、超细加工和表面改性三个步骤：
(1)原料预处理：原料预处理包括打浆和固氮两个步骤。所述打浆是在分散剂的作用下，利用打浆机将氰胺废渣，打成浓度为20-80％的浆料。所述固氮是在打浆完毕后，往浆料中添加一定量的络合剂，并持续搅拌5-360分钟(mi n)，通过络合反应将浆料中的可溶性有机氮固定。
(2)超细加工：所述超细加工包括粉碎处理、干燥处理、磁选处理和调色处理，超细加工后的细粉可以作为颜填料，用于橡胶、塑料和涂料领域。所述粉碎处理、干燥处理、磁选处理和调色处理的工艺先后顺序可根据实际需要调整。所述粉碎步骤包括通过粉碎设备将固氮浆料或干燥后的固氮浆料，粉碎到一定细度。所述干燥处理包括通过干燥设备将固氮浆料或粉碎后的浆料干燥至含水量为0.8％以下。所述磁选处理包括利用湿法磁选设备或干法磁选设备，对固氮的浆料或干燥后的固氮浆料进行磁选，以降低氰胺废渣中重金属(例如铁、铅、汞、铬等)的含量。
(3)表面改性：通过合适的改性设备，选择合适的改性剂及用量，在一定条件下对细粉进行表面处理，制得改性颜填料可用于橡胶、塑料和涂料领域。
综上所述，本发明所述的方法至少具备以下优点中的一个：本发明所述的方法所涉及生产流程都为纯物理过程，不涉及强酸强碱、高压等过程，生产工艺安全、绿色、环保，无三废排放，而且水溶性氮化物、重金属和氧化铁都经过处理，不会影响下游制品性能。通过本发明所述的方法生产的颜填料，分散均匀、与树脂亲和性好、着色效果优异，可广泛应用于橡胶、塑料和涂料行业，真正实现对氰胺废渣的绿色高附加值利用。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施方式的技术方案，下面将结合附图和详细实施方式对本发明进行详细说明，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。其中：
图1为根据本发明的一个实施例所述的利用氰胺废渣制备复合材料用颜填料的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。
参见图1，根据本发明的实施例，提供了一种利用氰胺废渣制备复合材料用颜填料的方法，所述方法包括：预处理氰胺废渣，所述预处理氰胺废渣包括对氰胺废渣进行打浆处理和固氮处理；对预处理后的氰胺废渣进行超细加工；对超细加工后的氰胺废渣进行表面改性。
在一个示例中，所述打浆处理包括在分散剂的作用下，通过打浆机将氰胺废渣打成浓度为20-80％的浆料，例如浓度为50％或60％；
所述固氮处理包括将络合剂添加到所述浆料中并搅拌，以通过络合反应将浆料中的可溶性有机氮固定。
进一步地，所述分散剂包括三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、焦磷酸钠、聚丙烯酸盐、聚羧酸盐、聚丙烯酸酯、烷基磺酸盐和萘磺酸盐缩聚物中的任一种或它们的任意组合；
所述分散剂的用量为待处理的氰胺废渣质量的0.01-20％，例如1％、5％、10％或15％；
所述络合剂包括镍、铜、锰、铁和钴中任一种或它们的任何组合的可溶性盐；所述络合剂的用量为待处理的氰胺废渣质量的0.01-20％，例如1％、5％、10％或15％。
在一个示例中，对预处理后的氰胺废渣进行超细加工包括以粉碎处理、干燥处理、磁选处理和调色处理的任何组合次序对氰胺废渣进行处理，超细加工后的氰胺废渣的细粉直接用作所述复合颜填料。
具体地，所述粉碎处理包括通过粉碎设备将所述浆料或干燥后物料粉碎。
所述干燥处理包括将所述浆料干燥至含水量0.8％以下。
所述磁选处理包括利用湿法磁选设备或干法磁选设备对浆料或干燥后物料进行磁选，以降低浆料或物料中有害金属(例如铁、铅、汞、铬等)含量。
另外地，所述粉碎设备包括环辊磨、机械磨、干法球磨机、湿法球磨机、气流磨、蒸汽磨、热空气气流磨、湿法搅拌磨和砂磨机中的任一种或它们的任意组合。
粉碎后的氰胺废渣的细度在800-12500目之间，例如2000目、5000目、8000目或10000目。所述干燥设备包括离心式脱水机、压滤机、闪蒸干燥机、喷雾干燥机、流化床式干燥机、回转炉干燥机和滚筒干燥机中的任一种或它们的任意组合，所述干燥处理的温度在100-250℃之间，例如150℃或200℃。
所述干法磁选机或湿法磁选机的磁场强度的范围在0.02-2.0T之间(例如1T)的范围内，磁选出的氰胺废渣的尾渣用作水泥原料。
所述调色处理是在粉碎过程中将调色剂与氰氨废渣混合后一起进行粉碎。所述调色剂的作用为调节物料色度和提高防锈性能。所述调色剂包括红丹、锶铬黄、锌铬黄、钡铬黄、钙铬黄、磷酸盐、磷钼酸盐、三聚磷酸二氢铝、钼酸锌、硼酸锌、云母氧化铁、钛白粉、氧化锌、石墨、群青、酞菁蓝、硫酸钡、铁红、硫酸钡中的任一种或它们的任意组合。所述调色剂为预处理后的氰胺废渣的粉体质量的0-90％，优选地20-60％，更优选地40-50％。
在一个示例中，在粉碎设备内或干燥处理过程中执行所述表面改性。所述表面改性可根据改性剂类型和加工工艺在粉碎机内或干燥过程中完成，也可在超细加工后用专用的改性设备完成。
具体地，在改性设备内执行所述表面改性，所述改性设备包括三辊改性机、高速搅拌机和塔式改性机中的任一种或它们的任意组合。
进一步地，所述表面改性中使用的改性剂包括硅烷偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、稀土偶联剂、脂肪酸及其盐、聚醇类物质、高级醇类、聚丙烯酸铵、聚丙烯酸钠、六偏磷酸钠和三聚磷酸钠中的任一种或它们的任意组合。
所述改性剂的用量为超细加工后的氰胺废渣的粉体质量的0.01-25％，例如1％、50％、10％或20％；所述改性处理所在的温度为50-300℃，例如100℃或200℃。
可选地，所述氰胺废渣包括单氰胺废渣、双氰胺废渣或它们两者的混合物。
以下提供了几个具体的实施例来详细说明本发明的方法的各个步骤，显然，本发明的技术方案不限于下述提供的实施例的限制。
实施例1
宁夏某企业的单氰胺废渣其主要化学组成如表1所示。在本实施例中，采用的加工工艺为打浆、固氮、湿法磁选、搅拌磨粉碎、闪蒸干燥和表面改性。具体制备工艺参数如下：首先利用打浆机在0.8％的聚丙烯酸钠的作用下，将含水量为35.7％的单氰胺废渣直接打成均匀的浆料后，再把0.5％的硫酸铜加入浆料中，继续搅拌15分钟(mi n)。然后用湿法磁选机在1.2T的磁场强度下对浆料进行磁选。将磁选后的浆料用搅拌磨在700rpm转速下粉碎20mi n后，利用闪蒸干燥机在进风口温度240℃，出风口温度110℃下，进行干燥，制得颜填料A1(化学组成如表1所示)。最后，对于颜填料A1中的一部分，把质量分数为1％的硬脂酸融化后喷入闪蒸干燥机内，制得改性颜填料A2。颜填料A1和改性颜填料A2的粒度分布如表2所示。
表1物料化学组成
表2不同颜填料粒度分布
实施例2
宁夏某企业的双氰胺废渣其主要化学组成如表3所示。在本实施例中，采用的加工工艺为打浆、固氮、闪蒸干燥，干法磁选、蒸汽磨粉碎和表面改性。具体制备工艺参数如下：首先利用打浆机在质量分数为0.8％的聚羧酸钾的作用下，将含水量为40％的双氰胺废渣直接打成均匀的浆料后，把质量分数为0.6％的硝酸铜加入浆料中，继续搅拌15mi n。利用闪蒸干燥机在进风口温度240℃，出风口温度110℃下，将固氮浆料进行干燥，然后用干磁选机在1.2T的磁场强度下对干燥后物料进行磁选。将磁选后物料与质量分数为1％的锌铬黄混合均匀，再用蒸汽动能磨在1.2Mpa蒸汽压力、蒸汽动能磨内温度180℃、分级机转速为1600rpm的条件下，进行粉碎制得颜填料B1(化学组成如表3)所示。最后，针对于颜填料B1的一部分将质量分数为0.5％的硅烷偶联剂(S i 69)和质量分数为0.5％的铝酸酯偶联剂，通过雾化喷嘴直接喷入蒸汽动能磨内，进行原位改性制得改性颜填料B2。颜填料B1和改性颜填料B2的粒度分布如表4所示。
表3物料化学组成
表4不同颜填料粒度分布
实施例3
利用实施例1中制备的颜填料A1和改性颜填料A2，在丁苯橡胶中进行填充实验，并与市售1250目轻质碳酸钙(1200元/吨)进行性能对比。橡胶配方为：丁苯橡胶(100份)、硬脂酸(1份)、硫磺(1.75份)，氧化锌(3份)，促进剂NS(1份)，颜填料A1或改性颜填料A2或轻钙(40份)。采用1段混炼工艺将配方中原料依次加入密炼机混合均匀，然后在开炼机中打三角包3次，薄通3次，放置6小时(h)后，用平板硫化仪在15Mpa压力下，硫化处理17mi n，硫化成型放置24h后测试性能指标。具体性能指标如表5所示：
表5填充性能对比表
实施例4
利用实施例2中制备的颜填料B1和改性颜填料B2，在(聚氯乙烯)PVC中进行填充实验，并与市售1250目的活性轻质碳酸钙(1400元/吨)进行性能对比。PVC配方为：PVC(100份)、硬脂酸钙(1份)、复合铅(8份)，硬脂酸(2份)，固体石蜡(2份)，氯化聚乙烯(CPE)(4份)，CPR(1.5份)，活性轻钙(50份)和炭黑(0.8份)或颜填料B1(50份)或改性颜填料B2(50份)。高速搅拌机静态升温至150℃后，按照PVC配方将所有物料倒入高搅机内混合搅拌15mi n并除去物料中的水分，然后将干燥的混合物料用挤出机(挤出温度155-170℃)挤出后，在水中冷却，接着放入粉碎机里粉碎，最后将所得到的粒子置于70℃的烘箱中烘干8h，然后在200℃的注塑机中注射成标准样条，进行性能测试。具体性能指标如表6所示：
表6不同类型填料填充性能对比表
实施例5
利用实施例1和实施例2中制备的颜填料B1和改性颜填料B2，在灰色防腐水性涂料中与常用的颜填料体系(炭黑+钛白体+碳酸钙，对照例)进行对比实验。涂料配方和性能对比如表7所示：
表7灰色防腐水性涂料配方、涂料制备工艺及性能对比
通过上述对比分析可知，通过本发明制备的颜填料和改性颜填料可以在橡胶制品中完全替代同等细度的轻质碳酸钙和活性轻钙，而在深色涂料和塑料中能够起到颜料和填料的双重作用，分别替代常用的轻钙-钛白粉-炭黑体系和钙粉+炭黑体系。本发明的方法不仅能够降低橡胶、塑料和涂料的生产成本，而且能够提高制品性能。本发明的方法具有显著的环保意义和经济效益，市场前景广阔。
虽然本总体发明构思的一些实施例已被显示和说明，本领域普通技术人员将理解，在不背离本总体发明构思的原则和精神的情况下，可对这些实施例做出改变，本发明的范围以权利要求和它们的等同物限定。

Claims (17)

1.一种利用氰胺废渣制备复合材料用颜填料的方法，所述方法包括：
预处理氰胺废渣，所述预处理氰胺废渣包括对氰胺废渣进行打浆处理和固氮处理，其中所述固氮处理包括将络合剂添加到浆料中并搅拌，以通过络合反应将浆料中的可溶性有机氮固定，所述络合剂包括镍、铜、锰、铁和钴中任一种或它们的任何组合的可溶性盐；所述络合剂的用量为待处理的氰胺废渣质量的0.01-20%；
对预处理后的氰胺废渣进行超细加工；
对超细加工后的氰胺废渣进行表面改性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述打浆处理包括在分散剂的作用下，通过打浆机将氰胺废渣打成浓度为20-80%的浆料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述分散剂包括三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、焦磷酸钠、聚丙烯酸盐、聚羧酸盐、聚丙烯酸酯、烷基磺酸盐和萘磺酸盐缩聚物中的任一种或它们的任意组合。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述分散剂的用量为待处理的氰胺废渣质量的0.01-20%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，对预处理后的氰胺废渣进行超细加工包括以粉碎处理、干燥处理、磁选处理和调色处理的任何组合次序对氰胺废渣进行处理，超细加工后的氰胺废渣的细粉直接用作所述颜填料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，所述粉碎处理包括通过粉碎设备将所述浆料或干燥后物料粉碎。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，所述干燥处理包括将所述浆料干燥至含水量0.8%以下。
8.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，所述磁选处理包括利用湿法磁选设备或干法磁选设备对浆料进行磁选，以使得磁选后的浆料中的重金属的含量在0.1%以下。
9.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，在粉碎过程中将调色剂与氰氨废渣混合后一起进行粉碎以执行所述调色处理。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述粉碎设备包括环辊磨、机械磨、干法球磨机、湿法球磨机、气流磨、蒸汽磨、热空气气流磨、湿法搅拌磨和砂磨机中的任一种或它们的任意组合；
粉碎后的氰胺废渣的细度在800-12500目之间。
11.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，由干燥设备执行所述干燥处理，所述干燥设备包括离心式脱水机、压滤机、闪蒸干燥机、喷雾干燥机、流化床式干燥机、回转炉干燥机和滚筒干燥机中的任一种或它们的任意组合，所述干燥处理的温度在100-250℃之间。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述湿法磁选设备或干法磁选设备的磁场强度的范围在0.02-2.0T之间，磁选出的氰胺废渣的尾渣用作水泥原料。
13.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述调色剂包括红丹、锶铬黄、锌铬黄、钡铬黄、钙铬黄、磷酸盐、磷钼酸盐、三聚磷酸二氢铝、钼酸锌、硼酸锌、云母氧化铁、钛白粉、氧化锌、石墨、群青、酞菁蓝、硫酸钡、铁红、硫酸钡中的任一种或它们的任意组合；
所述调色剂为预处理后的氰胺废渣的粉体质量的0-90%。
14.根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的方法，其中，在粉碎设备内或干燥处理过程中执行所述表面改性。
15.根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的方法，其中，在表面改性设备内执行所述表面改性，所述改性设备包括三辊改性机、高速搅拌机和塔式改性机中的任一种或它们的任意组合。
16.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，所述表面改性中使用的改性剂包括硅烷偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、稀土偶联剂、脂肪酸及其盐、聚醇类物质、高级醇类、聚丙烯酸铵、聚丙烯酸钠、六偏磷酸钠和三聚磷酸钠中的任一种或它们的任意组合；
所述改性剂的用量为超细加工后的氰胺废渣的粉体质量的0.01-25%；所述改性处理的温度为50-300℃。
17.根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述氰胺废渣包括单氰胺废渣、双氰胺废渣或它们两者的混合物。
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