CN115128826B - Multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-aperture single-detector crossed view field imaging system, which relates to the technical field of optical imaging, and comprises a central optical imaging system and two side optical imaging systems with mirror symmetry optical structures, wherein the central optical imaging system is a rotationally symmetrical system, the optical axis coincides with the central axis of the system, the two side optical imaging systems are positioned on two horizontal sides of the central optical imaging system, and when seen from the horizontal plane, the optical axes of the two side optical imaging systems have a certain horizontal included angle which is crossed inwards with the optical axis of the central optical imaging system by utilizing a prism deflection device, and parallel light with different angles emitted by a target is imaged on different coordinate points in the same detector image plane by the central optical imaging system and the side optical imaging systems respectively. According to the invention, the correct spliced image of each sub-image on the detector can be obtained through one-time imaging without adding additional post-data processing, and the target information acquisition under the conditions of large view field and large relative aperture is realized.
Description
The invention discloses a division application of a multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system, wherein the application number of the mother application is 202010099623.4, and the application date is 2020.02.18.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical imaging, in particular to a multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system.
Background
The multi-aperture imaging system is a novel multi-optical axis imaging system designed and manufactured by bionic insect compound eyes, and has the advantages of large field of view, low aberration, simple sub-aperture composition and the like compared with the traditional single Kong Jingshan optical axis imaging system.
At present, a multi-aperture imaging system for large-view-field requirements is mostly formed by a plurality of apertures and detectors, the cost is high, the system is huge, and the formed mode of a multi-aperture single detector is more beneficial to popularization and application of the multi-aperture system in the field of portable equipment or night vision imaging.
Based on the requirement of expanding the field of view, the multi-aperture optical system needs to be arranged in a curved surface, and a relay optical device needs to be added for matching with a planar detector. Existing relay optics implementations include: refractive lenses, micro-prism arrays, photopolymer waveguides, fiber optic panels, but to be put into practical use, design solutions are needed that take into account the existing hardware and device levels. In addition, in the multi-aperture single-detector optical imaging system, all sub-images in different areas of the same detector are required to be finally spliced into a pair of large-view-field images, and a commonly used method is to splice the sub-images by utilizing back-end image processing without considering the connection relation of all the sub-images imaged on the detector at one time. This approach shifts the design complexity of the front-end optics to post-electronics processing.
The commonly used structural style for large field of view, large relative aperture optical systems is double gauss. The optical elements of the lens group take the diaphragm as the center to form nearly symmetrical structural layout, so that off-axis aberration can be well corrected. After the system divides the field of view by using a multi-aperture configuration, it is contemplated to use a petzval objective or a triple split objective. The petzval type objective lens is suitable for the condition of large relative aperture but medium or small field of view, and has simple and economical structure. The three-split objective lens is the simplest-structured photographic objective lens, and is complicated, one of the front positive lens and the rear positive lens is divided into two, so that the relative aperture of the system can be improved. Another type of complication is the replacement of one or both of the front and rear positive lenses with a doublet lens group that improves the imaging quality of the fringe field of view while increasing the relative aperture and field of view of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-aperture single-detector cross view field imaging system which can image and obtain the correct spliced image of all sub-images on a detector at one time without adding additional post-image processing.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
the multi-aperture single-detector cross view field imaging system consists of a central optical imaging system and two side optical imaging systems with mirror symmetry optical structures, wherein the central optical imaging system is a rotationally symmetrical system, the optical axis coincides with the central axis of the system, the two side optical imaging systems are positioned on two horizontal sides of the central optical imaging system, and when seen from the horizontal plane, the optical axes of the two side optical imaging systems have a certain horizontal included angle which is crossed inwards with the optical axis of the central optical imaging system by utilizing a prism deflection device, and parallel light with different angles emitted by a target is imaged on different coordinate points in the same detector image plane by the central optical imaging system and the side optical imaging systems respectively;
the central optical imaging system consists of a first spherical mirror, a second spherical mirror, a third spherical mirror and a fourth spherical mirror which are sequentially arranged along the light propagation direction, and the diaphragm is positioned behind the second spherical mirror; the lens materials are N-LAK12, SF4, N-LAK12 and LF5 in sequence; the caliber of the first spherical mirror is 10mm, and the total length of the system is 31.93mm;
the effective focal length F' =25 mm, the entrance pupil diameter phi=9.6 mm, the system f# =2.6, the field of view is + -10 DEG X + -10 DEG, the pixel size of the used detector is 6.5 μm X6.5 μm, and the central field of view MTF at the characteristic frequency 77lp/mm is more than 0.43.
The side optical imaging system with the mirror symmetry optical structure consists of a first spherical mirror, a second cemented mirror, a third spherical mirror and an optical axis deflection prism which are sequentially arranged along the light propagation direction, and a diaphragm is positioned behind the second cemented mirror; the lens and the prism are made of N-LAK33, H-ZLAF90, ZF4, H-LAK61 and H-K9L in sequence; the caliber of the first spherical mirror is 10mm, and the total length of the system in the direction vertical to the detector is 28.283mm;
the side-light imaging system has an effective focal length F' =25mm, an entrance pupil diameter phi=9.6 mm, and a system f# =2.6; the two side optical imaging systems are respectively a left side optical imaging system and a right side optical imaging system, the view field of the right side optical imaging system is (+ 10 degrees to +30 degrees) x+/-10 degrees, the view field of the left side optical imaging system is (-10 degrees to-30 degrees) x+/-10 degrees, the pixel size of a used detector is 6.5 mu m multiplied by 6.5 mu m, and the MTF of a central view field at the characteristic frequency of 77lp/mm is larger than 0.4;
the receiving angle of the central optical imaging system is +/-10 degrees X +/-10 degrees; the multi-aperture single detector cross-field imaging system has dimensions in the range 45mm x 32mm x 22 mm.
Optionally, the target is located at infinity, and the wavelength range of light emitted by the target covers the visible and near infrared wavelength ranges.
Optionally, the horizontal receiving angles of the side optical imaging system are-10 degrees to-30 degrees and +10 degrees to +30 degrees respectively, and the vertical receiving angles are +/-10 degrees respectively.
Optionally, the horizontal included angles between the optical axes of the side optical imaging system and the central optical imaging system are respectively +/-20 degrees.
Optionally, the side-optical imaging system comprises optical axis deflecting means for deflecting only the optical axis without affecting the imaging direction.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a multi-aperture single-detector cross view field imaging system which is relatively simple in structure and relatively mature in implementation means, and provides feasibility support for researching multi-aperture single-detector optical imaging equipment. The right side optical imaging system of the system is used for imaging the target in the left side view field, the left side optical imaging system is used for imaging the target in the right side view field, and the two images formed by the two images and the image formed by the central optical imaging system are correctly spliced on the same detector to obtain a horizontal large view field image. The system can realize target information acquisition under the conditions of large view field and large relative aperture.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other structural schematic diagrams can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a multi-aperture single detector cross-field imaging system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-aperture single detector cross-field imaging system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an aperture distribution of a multi-aperture single detector cross-field imaging system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an imaging stitching of a multi-aperture single detector cross-field imaging system;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a central optical system of a multi-aperture single detector cross-field imaging system;
FIG. 6 is a side view optical system architecture diagram of a multi-aperture single detector cross-field imaging system.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the multi-aperture single-detector cross view field imaging system provided by the invention is composed of a central optical imaging system 1 and two side optical imaging systems 2, wherein the central optical imaging system 1 is a rotationally symmetrical system, the optical axis coincides with the central axis of the system, the object side optical axes of the two side optical imaging systems 2 and the central axis of the system form an included angle of-20 degrees and +20 degrees respectively, the image side optical axes are parallel to the central axis of the system and have horizontal offset of +/-8.7 mm relative to the central axis of the system respectively. The image planes of the three optical systems coincide.
The aperture size and distribution of each discrete system are shown in fig. 3, the center circle is the aperture of the center optical imaging system 1, and the outer two circles are the apertures of the side optical imaging system 2. The division of the area where each discrete system images the object plane and the stitching of the images on the final image plane are shown in fig. 4. The object plane area is divided into three parts, namely an AB area, a BC area and a CD area, the center optical imaging system images C 'B' on the BC area in an inverted mode, the left optical imaging system images D 'C' on the CD area in an inverted mode, and the right optical imaging system images B 'A' on the AB area in an inverted mode. The images formed by the three separate systems are finally connected end to end on the detector and are correctly spliced into a pair of large-view-field images. The image surfaces of the separate systems are overlapped, and shielding needs to be added in the systems in the actual use process to separate the image surfaces.
The invention can be used for infinity targets with visible light to near infrared wave bands of 0.48 mu m < lambda < 0.863 mu m.
The structure of the central optical imaging system 1 is shown in fig. 5, and is formed by adopting Petzval type spherical mirrors, wherein light rays sequentially pass through a first spherical mirror 1-1, a second spherical mirror 1-2, a third spherical mirror 1-3 and a fourth spherical mirror 1-4. The spherical mirror 1-1 and the spherical mirror 1-3 are made of the same material, namely the N-LAK12 material under the CDGM library, the spherical mirror 1-2 is made of the SF4 material under the CDGM library, and the spherical mirror 1-4 is made of the LF5 material under the CDGM library. The central optical imaging system 1 has simple and economical structure, and the imaging quality meets the use requirement.
Specifically, the central optical imaging system f# is 2.6, the effective focal length F' =25mm, the visual field is +/-10 degrees x +/-10 degrees, and the image quality results that the central visual field MTF is larger than 0.6 under the spatial frequency of 50lp/mm and the central visual field MTF is larger than 0.43 under the spatial frequency of 77lp/mm can be obtained through design, so that the matching requirement of an image intensifier or a detector with the pixel size of 6.5 mu m x 6.5 mu m is met. The diaphragm of the central optical imaging system is positioned behind the spherical mirror 1-2, the caliber of the spherical mirror 1-1, namely the maximum caliber of the system is 10mm, and the total length of the system is 31.93mm.
The side optical imaging system 2 is shown in fig. 6, and is composed of a simple three-piece type spherical mirror, and adopts a prism to turn the optical axis, and light rays sequentially pass through the spherical mirror 2-1, the double-glued spherical mirror group 2-2, the spherical mirror 2-3 and the prism 2-4. The spherical mirror 2-1 is made of an H-LAK33 material under a CDGM library, the double-glued spherical mirror group 2-2 is composed of an H-ZLAF90 material and a ZF4 material under the CDGM library, and the materials of the spherical mirror 2-3 and the prism 2-4 are H-LAK61 and H-K9L under the CDGM library in sequence. The side optical imaging system f# is 2.6, the effective focal length F' =25mm, and the fields of view are (+ 10 ° - +30°) ×±10° and (-10 ° -30 °) ×±10°, respectively. The image quality results that the central visual field MTF is larger than 0.59 under the spatial frequency of 50lp/mm and the central visual field MTF is larger than 0.4 under the spatial frequency of 77lp/mm can be obtained through design, the matching requirement of an image intensifier or a detector with the pixel size of 6.5 mu m multiplied by 6.5 mu m is met, the image quality difference of the image intensifier or the detector with the pixel size of 6.5 mu m is different from that of a central optical imaging system, and the image quality difference meets the requirements of the human eye imitation with high central resolution and low edge resolution. The diaphragm of the side optical imaging system is positioned behind the double-glued spherical lens group 2-2, the caliber of the spherical lens 2-1, namely the maximum caliber of the system is 10mm, and the total length of the system along the direction vertical to the detector is 28.283mm.
The multi-aperture single-detector cross view field imaging system provided by the invention imitates the parallel compound eye split view field imaging mode, receives parallel light incident from different angles at infinity, and images the parallel light on different coordinate points in the same detector image plane through the central optical imaging system and the side optical imaging system respectively. Meanwhile, the characteristics of high center resolution and low edge resolution of the human eyes are imitated, and the center optical imaging system and the side optical imaging system adopt different structural forms. Wherein, the central optical imaging system and the side optical imaging system both belong to optical systems with large relative aperture and medium visual field. The central optical imaging system is in a Petzval type and is divided into a front lens group and a rear lens group, the front lens group close to an object space consists of a first spherical lens 1-1 and a second spherical lens 1-2, the rear lens group consists of a third spherical lens 1-3 and a fourth spherical lens 1-4, the two lens groups are positive lens groups, a larger air space is reserved between the two lens groups, a diaphragm is positioned between the two lens groups, and the imaging system is suitable for the conditions of large relative aperture and medium visual field. The side-view optical imaging system is configured as a three-piece lens, and by splitting one lens group into two-glue lens groups, the F#, which the system can bear, can be reduced. The invention takes imaging quality, simplified structure and reasonable layout as starting points, combines the characteristics of human eyes with high center resolution and low edge resolution, obtains proper design results, and controls the overall size of the system within the range of 45mm multiplied by 32mm multiplied by 22 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following specific advantages:
(1) In the multi-aperture single-detector cross view field imaging system provided by the invention, visible light or low-light information emitted by a target is formed into three separated target images in different areas of the same detector image surface after passing through each optical imaging system, two images formed by the side optical systems are connected end to end with images formed by the central optical imaging system to form a horizontal large view field image, and the horizontal large view field image is mainly used for visible light or low-light targets positioned at infinity.
(2) The invention adopts the petzval type objective lens with simple structure to form a central optical imaging system, adopts the three-split type objective lens to form a side optical imaging system, and can obtain the object space information of which the horizontal full view field reaches 60 degrees. Wherein the side-view optical imaging system uses a prism to deflect the optical axis without affecting the axisymmetry of the system.
(3) The system has better overall imaging quality, and the design result meets the use requirement.
(4) The system provided by the invention has reasonable size, is convenient for subsequent mechanical structure design, and has certain feasibility.
(5) The invention uses the cross view field imaging, and can obtain the correct spliced image of each sub-image on the detector by one-time imaging without adding additional data processing.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The multi-aperture single-detector cross view field imaging system is characterized by comprising a central optical imaging system and two side optical imaging systems with mirror symmetry optical structures, wherein the central optical imaging system is a rotational symmetry system, the optical axis coincides with the central axis of the system, the two side optical imaging systems are positioned on two horizontal sides of the central optical imaging system, and a certain horizontal included angle which is intersected inwards exists between the optical axes of the two side optical imaging systems and the optical axis of the central optical imaging system by utilizing a prism deflection device when seen from the horizontal plane, and parallel light with different angles emitted by a target is imaged on different coordinate points in the same detector image plane by the central optical imaging system and the side optical imaging systems respectively;
the central optical imaging system consists of a first spherical mirror, a second spherical mirror, a third spherical mirror and a fourth spherical mirror which are sequentially arranged along the light propagation direction, and the diaphragm is positioned behind the second spherical mirror; the lens materials are N-LAK12, SF4, N-LAK12 and LF5 in sequence; the caliber of the first spherical mirror is 10mm, and the total length of the system is 31.93mm;
the effective focal length F' =25 mm, the entrance pupil diameter phi=9.6 mm, the system f# =2.6, the field of view is + -10 DEG X + -10 DEG, the pixel size of the used detector is 6.5 μm X6.5 μm, and the central field of view MTF at the characteristic frequency 77lp/mm is more than 0.43.
The side optical imaging system with the mirror symmetry optical structure consists of a first spherical mirror, a second cemented mirror, a third spherical mirror and an optical axis deflection prism which are sequentially arranged along the light propagation direction, and a diaphragm is positioned behind the second cemented mirror; the lens and the prism are made of N-LAK33, H-ZLAF90, ZF4, H-LAK61 and H-K9L in sequence; the caliber of the first spherical mirror is 10mm, and the total length of the system in the direction vertical to the detector is 28.283mm;
the side-light imaging system has an effective focal length F' =25mm, an entrance pupil diameter phi=9.6 mm, and a system f# =2.6; the two side optical imaging systems are respectively a left side optical imaging system and a right side optical imaging system, the view field of the right side optical imaging system is (+ 10 degrees to +30 degrees) x+/-10 degrees, the view field of the left side optical imaging system is (-10 degrees to-30 degrees) x+/-10 degrees, the pixel size of a used detector is 6.5 mu m multiplied by 6.5 mu m, and the MTF of a central view field at the characteristic frequency of 77lp/mm is larger than 0.4;
the multi-aperture single detector cross-field imaging system has dimensions in the range 45mm x 32mm x 22 mm.
2. The multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system of claim 1 wherein the target is at infinity and the range of wavelengths of light emitted by the target covers the visible and near infrared ranges of wavelengths.
3. The multi-aperture single detector cross field imaging system of claim 1 wherein the acceptance angle of the central optical imaging system is ± 10 ° x ± 10 °.
4. The multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system of claim 1, wherein the side-view imaging system has a horizontal acceptance angle of-10 ° to-30 ° and +10° to +30° and a vertical acceptance angle of ±10° respectively.
5. The multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system of claim 1, wherein the side-view imaging system and the central optical imaging system each have a horizontal angle of ±20° between their optical axes.
6. The multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system of claim 1, wherein the side-view imaging system comprises an optical axis deflecting device that deflects only the optical axis without affecting the imaging direction.
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| CN105093523B (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2017-10-31 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Multiple dimensioned multiple aperture optical imaging system |
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| EP3293959A1 (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2018-03-14 | Thomson Licensing | Plenoptic imaging device equipped with an enhanced optical system |
| CN106483665B (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2019-06-04 | 南开大学 | Eyepiece formula wears vein display optical system |
| WO2018144979A1 (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2018-08-09 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | Integrated wide field of view optical system for image based navigation applications in g-hardened package |
| CN107589551B (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2019-07-16 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of multiple aperture polarization imaging device and system |
| CN108051908B (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2019-10-15 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of imaging optical system |
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| US9681052B1 (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2017-06-13 | Google Inc. | Multi-aperture camera with optical image stabilization function |
| CN110771132A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2020-02-07 | 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 | Multi-aperture imaging device, imaging system, and method for providing a multi-aperture imaging device |
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