CN111240033A - Multi-aperture single-detector cross view field imaging system - Google Patents
Multi-aperture single-detector cross view field imaging system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-aperture single-detector cross view field imaging system, which consists of a central optical imaging system and two side optical imaging systems with mirror symmetry optical structures, wherein the central optical imaging system is a rotational symmetry system, an optical axis is superposed with a system central axis, the two side optical imaging systems are positioned at two horizontal sides of the central optical imaging system, when viewed from a horizontal plane, a certain horizontal included angle crossing inwards exists between the optical axes of the two side optical imaging systems and the optical axis of the central optical imaging system by utilizing a prism deflection device, and parallel lights with different angles emitted by a target are imaged on different coordinate points in the same detector image plane through the central optical imaging system and the side optical imaging systems respectively. The system is applied to acquiring target information, correct splicing images of sub-images on the detector can be obtained through one-time imaging without additionally adding later data processing, and target information acquisition under large view field and large relative aperture is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical imaging, and relates to a multi-aperture single-detector crossed view field imaging system.
Background
The multi-aperture imaging system is a novel multi-optical-axis imaging system designed and manufactured by simulating insect compound eyes, and has the advantages of large field of view, low aberration, simple sub-aperture structure and the like compared with the traditional single-aperture single-optical-axis imaging system.
At present, a multi-aperture imaging system used for large view field requirements is mostly formed by a multi-aperture multi-detector, the manufacturing cost is high, the system is huge, and the forming mode of a multi-aperture single detector is more beneficial to popularization and application of the multi-aperture system in the field of portable equipment or night vision imaging.
Based on the requirement of expanding the field of view, the multi-aperture optical system needs to be arranged in a curved surface, and a relay optical device needs to be added for matching with a planar detector. Existing relay optics implementations include: turning lenses, microprism arrays, photopolymer waveguides, fiber optic faceplates, but to be put into practical use, design solutions are needed that take into full account the existing hardware and device levels. In addition, in the multi-aperture single-detector optical imaging system, sub-images in different areas of the same detector are required to be finally spliced into a large-view-field image, and the commonly used method is to perform sub-image splicing by utilizing rear-end image processing without considering the connection relation of the sub-images on the detector in one-time imaging. This approach shifts the design complexity of the front-end optical system to the processing of the post-electronics.
The commonly adopted structural type of the optical system with large field of view and large relative aperture is a double-Gaussian type. The optical elements of the lens group take the diaphragm as the center to form nearly symmetrical structural layout, so that off-axis aberration can be well corrected. After the system divides the field of view by using a multi-aperture configuration, a Petzval type objective lens or a three-split type objective lens can be considered. The Petzval objective lens is suitable for the conditions of large relative aperture but medium or small visual field, and has simple and economical structure. The three-split objective lens is a photographic objective lens with the simplest structure, and is complicated, and one of the front and rear positive lenses is divided into two lenses, so that the relative aperture of the system can be improved. Another complication is the replacement of one or both of the front and back positive lenses with a double cemented lens set, which improves the imaging quality of the fringe field while increasing the relative aperture and field of view of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-aperture single-detector cross view field imaging system which is relatively simple in structure and relatively mature in implementation means, and provides feasible support capable of being put into practical application for researching multi-aperture single-detector optical imaging equipment. The right side optical imaging system of the system is used for imaging the target in the left side view field, the left side optical imaging system is used for imaging the target in the right side view field, and the two formed images and the image formed by the central optical imaging system are correctly spliced on the same detector to obtain a horizontal large view field image. The system can realize target information acquisition under large view field and large relative aperture.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a multi-aperture list detector visual field imaging system that intersects, multi-aperture cross visual field imaging system comprises a central optical imaging system and two side optical imaging systems that possess mirror symmetry optical structure, central optical imaging system is rotational symmetry system, the optical axis coincides with the system center pin, two side optical imaging systems are located central optical imaging system's horizontal both sides, see on the horizontal plane, there is certain horizontal contained angle to the inside side crossing in two side optical imaging system optical axes utilize prism deflection device and central optical imaging system optical axis, the parallel light of the different angles that the target sent is imaged on same detector image plane different coordinate points through central optical imaging system and side optical imaging system respectively.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the target is located at infinity, and the wavelength range of the light emitted by the target covers the visible light and the near infrared wavelength range.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the receiving angle of the central optical imaging system is ± 10 ° × ± 10 °.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the horizontal receiving angles of the lateral optical imaging system are respectively-10 degrees to-30 degrees and +10 degrees to +30 degrees, and the vertical receiving angles are all +/-10 degrees.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, horizontal included angles between optical axes of the lateral optical imaging system and the central optical imaging system are respectively +/-20 degrees.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the lateral optical imaging system includes an optical axis deflecting device that deflects only an optical axis without affecting an imaging direction.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the central optical imaging system is composed of a first spherical mirror, a second spherical mirror, a third spherical mirror and a fourth spherical mirror which are sequentially arranged along the light propagation direction, and the diaphragm is located behind the second spherical mirror; the lens materials are N-LAK12, SF4, N-LAK12 and LF5 in sequence; the aperture of the first spherical mirror is 10mm, and the total length of the system is 31.93 mm.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the central optical imaging system has an effective focal length F' of 25mm, an entrance pupil diameter phi of 9.6mm, a system F # of 2.6, a field of view of ± 10 ° × ± 10 °, a detector pixel size of 6.5 μm × 6.5 μm, and a central field of view MTF at a characteristic frequency of 77lp/mm of greater than 0.43.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the lateral optical imaging system with a mirror-symmetric optical structure is composed of a first spherical mirror, a second cemented mirror, a third spherical mirror and an optical axis deflection prism, which are sequentially arranged along a light propagation direction, and a diaphragm is located behind the second cemented mirror; the lens and prism materials are sequentially N-LAK33, H-ZLAF90, ZF4, H-LAK61 and H-K9L; the aperture of the first spherical mirror is 10mm, and the total length of the system in the direction vertical to the detector is 28.283 mm.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the effective focal length F' of the right-lateral optical imaging system is 25mm, the diameter of the entrance pupil is 9.6mm, the system F # is 2.6, the field of view is (+10 ° - +30 °) × ± 10 °, the size of the detector pixel used is 6.5 μm × 6.5 μm, and the MTF of the central field of view at the characteristic frequency of 77lp/mm is greater than 0.4.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the effective focal length F' of the left lateral optical imaging system is 25mm, the diameter of the entrance pupil is 9.6mm, the system F # is 2.6, the field of view is (-10 ° -30 °) × ± 10 °, and the MTF of the central field of view at the characteristic frequency of 77lp/mm is greater than 0.4.
In the invention, the multi-aperture single-detector cross field-of-view imaging system receives parallel light incident from different angles at infinity in a parallel compound eye division field-of-view imaging mode, and the parallel light is imaged on different coordinate points in the same detector image plane through the central optical imaging system and the side optical imaging system respectively. Meanwhile, the characteristics of high central resolution and low edge resolution of human eyes are imitated, and the central optical imaging system and the side optical imaging system adopt different structural forms. In the invention, the central optical imaging system is an axisymmetric imaging system, and the receiving view field is +/-10 degrees multiplied by +/-10 degrees. In the invention, the receiving fields of view of the side optical imaging system are (+10 degrees to +30 degrees) x +/-10 degrees and (-10 degrees to-30 degrees) x +/-10 degrees respectively, and the prism is utilized to deflect the optical axis in the design.
In the multi-aperture single-detector cross view field imaging system provided by the invention, three discrete target images are formed in different areas of the same detector image surface after visible light or dim light information emitted by a target passes through each optical imaging system, two pairs of images formed by the side optical systems and an image formed by the central optical imaging system are connected end to form a horizontal large view field image, the multi-aperture single-detector cross view field imaging system is mainly used for visible light or dim light targets located at infinity, and the core design of the multi-aperture single-detector cross view field imaging system is a structural implementation scheme for dividing the view field and performing cross imaging by the imaging system and simplification of two sets of optical systems, so that enough view fields and good imaging results can be obtained under a simpler optical structure. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:
can be used for infinite targets with the wave band from visible light to near infrared being 0.48 mu m < lambda < 0.863 mu m;
the objective information of a horizontal full field of view reaching 60 degrees can be obtained, and under the requirement, a central optical imaging system and two lateral optical imaging systems are respectively formed by a Petzval type objective lens and a three-separation type objective lens with simple structures.
The side optical imaging system uses a prism to deflect the optical axis without affecting the axial symmetry of the system.
The integral imaging quality of the system is good, and the design result meets the use requirement;
the system has reasonable size, is convenient for subsequent mechanical structure design and has certain feasibility.
By utilizing the cross view field imaging, correct splicing images of sub-images on the detector can be obtained through one-time imaging without additionally adding data processing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the aperture distribution of a multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of imaging stitching of a multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a central optical system of a multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a side optical system structure of a multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but not limited thereto, and modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system provided by the present invention comprises a central optical imaging system 1 and two lateral optical imaging systems 2, wherein the central optical imaging system 1 is a rotational symmetric system, an optical axis coincides with a system central axis, object optical axes of the two lateral optical imaging systems 2 and the system central axis respectively form included angles of-20 ° and +20 °, and the image optical axes are parallel to the system central axis and respectively have horizontal offsets of ± 8.7mm with respect to the system central axis. The image planes of the three optical systems coincide.
In the system, the aperture size and distribution of each discrete system are shown in fig. 3, the central circle is the aperture of the central optical imaging system 1, and the two outside circles are the apertures of the side optical imaging systems 2.
In the above system, the division of the area of the object plane imaged by each discrete system and the stitching of the images on the final image plane are shown in fig. 4. The object plane area is divided into three parts, namely an AB area, a BC area and a CD area, wherein the central optical imaging system is used for imaging the BC area to form an inverted image C 'B', the left optical imaging system is used for imaging the CD area to form an inverted image D 'C', and the right optical imaging system is used for imaging the AB area to form an inverted image B 'A'. Images formed by the three discrete systems are finally connected end to end on the detector and correctly spliced into a large-view-field image. The image surfaces of the discrete systems are overlapped, and in the actual use process, shielding needs to be added inside the system to separate the image surfaces.
In the above system, the structure diagram of the central optical imaging system 1 is shown in fig. 5, and the central optical imaging system is formed by a petzval type spherical mirror, and light rays sequentially pass through a first spherical mirror 1-1, a second spherical mirror 1-2, a third spherical mirror 1-3 and a fourth spherical mirror 1-4. The same material was used for the spherical mirrors 1-1 and 1-3, N-LAK12 under the CDGM library, SF4 under the CDGM library for the spherical mirrors 1-2, and LF5 under the CDGM library for the spherical mirrors 1-4. The central optical imaging system 1 is simple and economical in structure, and the imaging quality meets the use requirement.
In the system, the central optical imaging system F # is 2.6, the effective focal length F' is 25mm, the field of view is +/-10 degrees multiplied by +/-10 degrees, and the design can obtain the image quality result that the MTF of the central field of view is greater than 0.6 under the spatial frequency of 50lp/mm and the MTF of the central field of view is greater than 0.43 under the spatial frequency of 77lp/mm, thereby meeting the matching requirement of an image intensifier or a pixel size detector of 6.5 Mum multiplied by 6.5 Mum. The central optical imaging system diaphragm is positioned behind the spherical mirror 1-2, the aperture of the spherical mirror 1-1, namely the maximum aperture of the system, is 10mm, and the total length of the system is 31.93 mm.
In the above system, the structure of the side optical imaging system 2 is as shown in fig. 6, and is formed by simple three-piece spherical mirrors, and the prism is adopted to convert the optical axis, and the light rays pass through the spherical mirror 2-1, the double-cemented spherical mirror group 2-2, the spherical mirror 2-3 and the prism 2-4 in sequence. The spherical mirror 2-1 is made of H-LAK33 material under CDGM library, the double-cemented spherical mirror group 2-2 is made of H-ZLAF90 and ZF4 material under CDGM library, and the spherical mirror 2-3 and the prism 2-4 are made of H-LAK61 and H-K9L material under CDGM library in sequence. The side optical imaging system F # is 2.6, the effective focal length F' is 25mm, and the view fields are (+10 degrees to +30 degrees), multiplied by +/-10 degrees and (-10 degrees to-30 degrees), multiplied by +/-10 degrees respectively. The design can obtain the image quality result that the MTF of the central view field under the spatial frequency of 50lp/mm is more than 0.59 and the MTF of the central view field under the spatial frequency of 77lp/mm is more than 0.4, thereby meeting the matching requirement of an image intensifier or a detector with the pixel size of 6.5 Mum multiplied by 6.5 Mum, being different from the image quality of a central optical imaging system and also meeting the human eye simulating requirements of high central resolution and low edge resolution. And the diaphragm of the side optical imaging system is positioned behind the double-cemented spherical lens group 2-2, the aperture of the spherical lens 2-1, namely the maximum aperture of the system, is 10mm, and the total length of the system in the direction vertical to the detector is 28.283 mm.
In the invention, the central optical imaging system and the lateral optical imaging system both belong to optical systems with large relative aperture and medium visual field. The central optical imaging system is of a Petzval type and is divided into a front lens group and a rear lens group, the front lens group close to an object space consists of a first spherical lens 1-1 and a second spherical lens 1-2, the rear lens group consists of a third spherical lens 1-3 and a fourth spherical lens 1-4, the two lens groups are positive lens groups, a larger air interval is arranged between the two lens groups, and a diaphragm is positioned between the two lens groups. The side optical imaging system is configured in a three-lens type, and F # which can be borne by the system can be reduced by splitting one lens group into double combined lens groups. The invention takes the imaging quality, the simplified structure and the reasonable layout as the starting points, combines the human eye-imitating characteristics of high central resolution and low edge resolution to obtain a proper design result, and the integral size of the system is controlled within the range of 45mm multiplied by 32mm multiplied by 22 mm.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The multi-aperture single-detector cross view field imaging system is characterized in that the multi-aperture cross view field imaging system consists of a central optical imaging system and two side optical imaging systems with mirror symmetry optical structures, wherein the central optical imaging system is a rotational symmetry system, an optical axis coincides with a system central axis, the two side optical imaging systems are positioned at two horizontal sides of the central optical imaging system, when viewed from a horizontal plane, a certain horizontal included angle crossing inwards exists between the optical axes of the two side optical imaging systems and the optical axis of the central optical imaging system by utilizing a prism deflection device, and parallel lights emitted by a target at different angles are imaged on different coordinate points in the same detector image plane through the central optical imaging system and the side optical imaging systems respectively.
2. The multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system of claim 1, wherein the target is located at infinity and the target emits light in a wavelength range covering visible and near infrared wavelength ranges.
3. The multi-aperture single detector cross-field imaging system of claim 1, wherein the central optical imaging system has a reception angle of ± 10 ° × ± 10 °.
4. The multi-aperture single-detector cross-field-of-view imaging system of claim 1, wherein horizontal reception angles of the lateral optical imaging system are-10 ° to-30 ° and +10 ° to +30 °, respectively, and vertical reception angles are ± 10 °.
5. The multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system of claim 1, wherein the lateral optical imaging system and the central optical imaging system are each disposed at a horizontal included angle of ± 20 ° between the optical axes.
6. The multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system of claim 1, wherein the lateral optical imaging system includes an optical axis deflecting device that deflects only the optical axis without affecting the imaging direction.
7. The multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system of claim 1, wherein the central optical imaging system is composed of a first spherical mirror, a second spherical mirror, a third spherical mirror and a fourth spherical mirror arranged in sequence along the light propagation direction, and the diaphragm is located behind the second spherical mirror; the lens materials are N-LAK12, SF4, N-LAK12 and LF5 in sequence; the aperture of the first spherical mirror is 10mm, and the total length of the system is 31.93 mm.
8. The multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system of claim 1, wherein the central optical imaging system has an effective focal length F' of 25mm, an entrance pupil diameter phi of 9.6mm, a system F # of 2.6, a field of view of ± 10 ° × ± 10 °, a detector pixel size of 6.5 μm × 6.5 μm, and a central field of view MTF at a characteristic frequency of 77lp/mm greater than 0.43.
9. The multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system of claim 1, wherein the lateral optical imaging system with mirror symmetry optical structure is composed of a first spherical mirror, a second cemented mirror, a third spherical mirror and an optical axis deflection prism sequentially arranged along the light propagation direction, and the diaphragm is located behind the second cemented mirror; the lens and prism materials are sequentially N-LAK33, H-ZLAF90, ZF4, H-LAK61 and H-K9L; the aperture of the first spherical mirror is 10mm, and the total length of the system in the direction vertical to the detector is 28.283 mm.
10. The multi-aperture single-detector cross-field imaging system of claim 1, wherein the right lateral optical imaging system has an effective focal length F' of 25mm, an entrance pupil diameter phi of 9.6mm, a system F # of 2.6, a field of view (+10 ° -30 °) × ± 10 °, a detector pixel size of 6.5 μm × 6.5 μm, and a central field of view MTF at a characteristic frequency of 77lp/mm greater than 0.4.
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