CN115127477A - Spherical component surface shape profile conformal envelope measurement system and method - Google Patents
Spherical component surface shape profile conformal envelope measurement system and method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/347—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells using displacement encoding scales
- G01D5/3473—Circular or rotary encoders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/347—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells using displacement encoding scales
- G01D5/34746—Linear encoders
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method for measuring the surface shape profile of a spherical member along with the shape envelope, and provides a system for measuring the surface shape profile of the spherical member along with the shape envelope, which comprises the following steps: the first motion platform can rotate, and the rotating axis is a first rotating axis; a second motion stage capable of rotational motion, the axis of rotation being a second axis of rotation, the second axis of rotation being perpendicular to the first axis of rotation; the first motion table is provided with a first clamp used for clamping a test component to be measured; the second motion table is provided with a second clamp used for clamping the optical measuring head with the adaptive belt; the second motion stage may rotate around the test member with the optical probe; the surface profile of a component with a high steepness, large radius of curvature can be measured; the system is used for measuring the surface shape profile of the spherical component along with the shape envelope.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement, in particular to a system and a method for measuring surface profile shape following envelope of a spherical component.
Background
In the fields of aerospace, national defense and military industry, information communication, life science, material science and the like, the component with the high-gradient curved surface with the high-precision appearance of the micro-nano-scale fine structure is an important device in the fields as mentioned above; in addition, for a tiny component with a high-gradient curved surface, the high-precision measurement of the surface profile of the component is a difficult point in the field of ultra-precision measurement.
The traditional measuring instrument comprises a three-coordinate measuring instrument and a white light interferometer. The three-coordinate measuring machine is a contact type measuring method, and the diameter of a measuring head is between several millimeters and several centimeters, so that it is difficult to measure a small-sized member having a high-precision curved surface by a measuring head having a large diameter.
The white light interferometer can measure a member having a high-precision curved surface with a small size, but it cannot effectively measure a curved surface having a high steepness when it is used for measuring a curved surface having a flat surface or a curved surface having a small curvature, and thus its measurement precision is low when it measures a member having a curved surface having a high steepness.
Therefore, the above measuring instrument and method cannot accurately measure a fine contour member having a high-gradient curved surface with a minute volume.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for measuring the surface profile shape following envelope of a spherical component, which can accurately measure a component with a tiny volume and a high-gradient curved surface.
The invention provides a spherical component surface shape outline following envelope measurement system, comprising: the first motion platform can rotate, the rotating axis is a first rotating axis, and the first rotating axis is horizontally arranged; the second motion platform can rotate, the rotating axis is a second rotating axis, and the second rotating axis is vertically arranged; the second axis of rotation being perpendicular to the first axis of rotation; the first motion table is used for fixing a test component to be measured; an optical measuring head is arranged on the second motion table; the optical probe is arranged along the second rotation axis and faces the testing component; the second motion stage may rotate around the test member with the optical probe; the optical measuring head is used for acquiring the distance h between the optical measuring head and the surface of the testing component; first angle detection means for detecting a rotation angle x1 of the first moving stage; second angle detection means for detecting a rotation angle x2 of the second moving stage; and the computer obtains the surface profile of the spherical member according to the rotation angle x1, the rotation angle x2 and the distance h.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first angle detection means is a first rotary encoder mounted on the first motion stage; the second angle detection device is a second rotary encoder arranged on a second motion table; the optical measuring head is electrically connected with a data sensor.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the system further comprises: the first sliding seat is used for adjusting the displacement of the first moving table in the vertical direction; the first motion platform is arranged on the first sliding seat, and the first sliding seat drives the first motion platform to do linear motion in the Y direction together; the first sliding seat is electrically connected with a first linear encoder, and the first linear encoder detects the displacement Y of the first sliding seat in the Y direction.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the system further comprises: the second guide rail is used for limiting the linear motion of the second sliding seat in the Z direction; the second sliding seat moves linearly on the second guide rail and is electrically connected with a second linear encoder; the second linear encoder detects the displacement Z of the second sliding seat in the Z direction; a third guide rail provided on the second carriage; the second sliding seat drives the third guide rail to do linear motion in the X direction; the third sliding seat is arranged on the third guide rail; the third sliding seat is electrically connected with a third linear encoder, and the third linear encoder detects the displacement X of the third sliding seat in the X direction; the second motion stage is disposed on the third slide.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the light spot of the optical measuring head is 10 um; the positioning accuracy of the first sliding seat, the second sliding seat and the third sliding seat is-0.5 um; the positioning accuracy of the first moving table and the second moving table is-8 urad.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the surface shape profile of the spherical component along with the shape envelope, which is realized by the system, and the method comprises the following steps: step a: adjusting the positions of the optical measuring head and the testing component to enable the optical measuring head to face the testing component and enable the optical measuring head to have a certain gap; step b: the optical measuring head starts to measure the distance h between the test component and the optical measuring head, and feeds back data in real time; step c: the first motion platform rotates to drive the test component to rotate; the first angle detection device feeds back the rotation angle x1 of the first motion platform in real time; step d: the second motion table drives the optical measuring head to rotate around the testing component; the second angle detection device feeds back the rotation angle x2 of the second motion table in real time; the computer calculates the track of the light spot of the optical measuring head walking on the surface of the spherical member according to the rotation angle x1 and the rotation angle x2, and the computer calculates and obtains the concave-convex profile of the surface of the spherical member according to the distance h; when the light spot of the optical measuring head passes through the surface of the spherical component, the computer acquires the surface shape profile of the surface of the spherical component.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the step a, when the distance h exceeds a set range, the displacement Y of the first slide in the Y direction, the displacement Z of the second slide in the Z direction, and the displacement X of the third slide in the X direction are adjusted in real time, so that the distance h recovers to a set value, and the variation of the displacement Y, the displacement Z, and the displacement X is compensated in the calculation process.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step a includes: the member to be measured is placed on the second rotation axis such that the center line of the member coincides with the second rotation axis, and the optical probe is located at the periphery of the test member.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the second moving table is arranged on a third sliding seat, the third sliding seat is arranged on a third guide rail, the third guide rail is arranged on the second sliding seat, and the second sliding seat is arranged on a second guide rail; the step a further comprises: adjusting the first sliding seat to drive the test component to move, and adjusting the positions of the second sliding seat and the third sliding seat to move the optical measuring head; the step c further comprises: the first motion platform drives the test component to rotate; the step d further comprises the following steps: the optical measuring head rotates around the testing component under the linkage action of the second sliding seat, the third sliding seat and the second motion table.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second moving stage is provided on a third slide provided on a third guide rail; the first moving platform is arranged on the second sliding seat, and the second sliding seat is arranged on the second guide rail; the step a further comprises: adjusting the first sliding seat and the second sliding seat to drive the test component to move, and adjusting the third sliding seat to move the optical measuring head; the step c further comprises: the second sliding seat and the first moving table drive the test member to rotate; the step d further comprises the following steps: the optical measuring head rotates around the testing component under the linkage action of the third sliding seat and the second moving table, and the optical measuring head and the testing component move relatively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the outstanding and beneficial technical effects that:
1. in contrast to the prior art, the technique of the present invention, which is an apparatus and method for spinning a measuring member and rotating an optical probe about the measuring member, can measure the surface profile of a member having a high steepness and a large radius of curvature.
2. Furthermore, the system and the method of the invention adopt the optical measuring head, and further have the high-precision measuring effect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for measuring a surface profile of a spherical member according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the state of the measuring member and the optical probe in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a state of another measuring member and an optical probe according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a process diagram of a system and method for measuring a surface profile of a spherical member according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a system diagram illustrating the method of FIG. 4 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a process diagram of another method in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a system diagram of a method of FIG. 6 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the symbols:
1-a first slide; 2-a second guide rail; 3-a third slide; 4-a third guide rail; 5-a second slide; 6-a second motion stage; 7-a second clamp; 8-an optical probe; 9-a test member; 10-a first clamp; 11-a first motion stage; 111-a first axis of rotation; 61-a second axis of rotation; y-a first direction; z-a second direction; x-third direction; 101 a first rotary encoder; 201-a second linear encoder; 501-a third linear encoder; 601-a second rotary encoder; 801-data sensors.
Detailed Description
The foregoing and other technical matters, features and effects of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Directional terms as referred to in the following examples, for example: up, down, left, right, front, back, inner or outer, etc., are simply directions with reference to the drawings. Accordingly, the directional terminology is used for purposes of illustration and is in no way limiting.
The invention is further described in the following with specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
interpretation of high steepness: the unit distance is larger, the curvature radius is larger, and the gradient is higher; for example, a sphere is a high-steepness structure, see measuring member 9 in fig. 2; high gradient structures also include, for example: high-gradient aspheric surface, high-gradient concave part, refer to the measuring means 9 in fig. 3, and the like.
In the embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 1, starting from the adjustment of the relative position relationship between a measuring head and a measuring component, a high-gradient curved surface measuring system based on an XYZBC five-axis ultra-precise motion platform is provided for realizing a measuring strategy of a spatial spiral scanning path, and the system can realize conformal envelope measurement of a surface profile and refer to fig. 2 and 3; based on the system, a measuring method is provided, the measuring method comprises a measuring method based on two-axis linkage, referring to fig. 6 and 7, and a measuring method based on four-axis linkage, referring to fig. 4 and 5, a conformal enveloping spiral track of a surface profile can be formed, and further the surface profile of a measuring component can be measured, and the measuring component 9 is a component with cross-scale and high gradient.
Specifically, according to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, a system for implementing the above measurement is as follows: a first motion stage 11, wherein the first motion stage 11 can rotate, the axis of rotation is a first rotation axis 111, and the first rotation axis 111 is horizontally arranged;
a second moving table 6, wherein the second moving table 6 can perform a rotating motion, the rotating axis is a second rotating axis 61, and the second rotating axis 61 is vertically arranged; the second rotation axis 61 is perpendicular to the first rotation axis 111;
the first motion stage 11 is used for fixing a test member 9 to be measured;
an optical measuring head 8 is arranged on the second motion table 6; the optical probe 8 is arranged along the second rotation axis 61 and directed towards said testing member 9; the second motion stage 6 can rotate around the test member 9 with the optical probe 8; the optical measuring head 8 is used for acquiring the distance h between the optical measuring head 8 and the surface of the testing component 9;
first angle detection means for detecting a rotation angle x1 of the first moving stage 11;
second angle detection means for detecting a rotation angle x2 of the second moving stage 6;
and the computer obtains the surface profile of the spherical component according to the rotation angle x1, the rotation angle x2 and the distance h.
Due to the perpendicular arrangement of the first rotation axis 111 and the second rotation axis 61, when the testing member 9 rotates, the optical probe 8 can rotate around the testing member 9, the two rotation axes are arranged perpendicularly, and the optical probe 8 can form a following envelope track for the testing member 9, that is, the optical probe 8 can acquire the outline of the testing member 9; and in this way a profile with a high steepness can be acquired.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 5 or fig. 7, the first angle detecting means is a first rotary encoder 101 mounted on the first moving stage 11; the second angle detection device is a second rotary encoder 601 mounted on the second motion stage 6; the optical probe 8 is electrically connected to a data sensor 801.
The two rotary encoders can acquire and analyze the position information of the optical measuring head 8 and the position information of the testing member 9, the position information of the optical measuring head and the position information of the testing member 9 are recorded in real time, the contour data acquired by the optical measuring head are referred, and finally, the complete surface shape contour can be restored through a computer, and meanwhile, the contour data of the testing member 9 are obtained.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the system further includes: a first slide 1, which is linearly movable in a direction Y in a first figure, perpendicular to the first rotation axis 111, and on which first slide 1 the first motion stage 11 is arranged, the first slide 1 carrying the first motion stage 11 together in the direction Y in the first figure. The first carriage 1 is electrically connected to a first linear encoder (not shown in the figure), and the first linear encoder detects the displacement Y of the first carriage 1 in the Y direction.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, the system further includes: a second guide rail 2 parallel to the first rotation axis 111; a second carriage 5, linearly movable on said second guide 2 along a second direction Z, parallel to the first rotation axis 111; a third guide 4, arranged perpendicularly to the first rotation axis 111 and on said second carriage 5, the second carriage 5 carrying the third guide 4 together in a rectilinear movement; the second carriage 5 is electrically connected to a second linear encoder 201.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, the system further includes: a third slide 3, linearly movable on the third guide rail along a third direction X perpendicular to the first direction Y and the second direction Z, the second moving stage 6 being disposed on the third slide 3, the third slide 3 carrying the second moving stage 6 to linearly move together; the third carriage 3 is electrically connected to a third linear encoder 501.
The system has a mechanism capable of performing linear motion in XYZ three directions, specifically, the test member 9 can rotate and perform linear motion in a first direction Y, and the optical probe 8 can rotate and perform linear motion in a second direction Z and a third direction X, that is, the optical probe 8 can rotate and perform horizontal motion in a ZX plane; furthermore, the optical probe 8 makes a complex relative movement with respect to the test member 9, and further, the optical probe 8 can form an arbitrary follow-up envelope trajectory with respect to the test member 9.
Further, the system is provided with a second linear encoder 201 and a third linear encoder 501, and the system can analyze a surface profile with high gradient, such as but not limited to a spherical profile, through a computer.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first carriage 1 is electrically connected to a first linear encoder not shown in the figure.
Further, the system is provided with a first linear encoder, a second linear encoder 201 and a third linear encoder 501, that is, the system can resolve more complex surface profiles, such as but not limited to members having both concave and convex profiles.
According to another embodiment of the invention, different from the above: (not shown in the figures), the system further comprising: a second guide rail 2 parallel to the first rotation axis 111; a second carriage 5, linearly movable on said second guide rail 4 along a second direction Z in a second direction diagram, parallel to the first rotation axis 111; the first sliding seat 1 is arranged on the second sliding seat 5, and the second sliding seat 5 drives the first sliding seat 4 to do linear motion together; the second carriage 5 is electrically connected to a second linear encoder 201.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the spot diameter of the optical measuring head 8 is 10 um;
the positioning precision of the first sliding seat 1, the second sliding seat 5 and the third sliding seat 3 is-0.5 um to 0.5 um;
the positioning accuracy of the first moving table 11 and the second moving table 6 is-8 urad to 8 urad;
the first direction is a Y-axis direction, the second direction is a Z-axis direction, and the third direction is an X-axis direction.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further provides a method for measuring a high gradient curve, including the following steps: step a: adjusting the positions of the optical probe 8 and the test member 9 so that the optical probe 8 faces the test member 9 with a certain gap;
step b: the optical measuring head 8 starts to measure the distance h between the testing component 9 and the optical measuring head 8 and feeds back data in real time;
step c: the first motion platform 11 rotates to drive the test component 9 to rotate; the first angle detection device feeds back the rotation angle x1 of the first motion platform 1) in real time;
step d: the second motion table 6 drives the optical measuring head 8 to rotate around the test component 9; the second angle detection device feeds back the rotation angle x2 of the second motion platform 6 in real time;
the computer calculates the track of the light spot of the optical measuring head 8 walking on the surface of the spherical member according to the rotation angle x1 and the rotation angle x2, and the computer calculates and obtains the concave-convex profile of the surface of the spherical member according to the distance h; when the light spot of the optical measuring head 8 passes through the surface of the spherical component, the computer acquires the surface shape profile of the surface of the spherical component.
Further, in the step a, when the distance h exceeds the set range, the displacement Y of the first slider 1 in the Y direction, the displacement Z of the second slider 5 in the Z direction, and the displacement X of the third slider 3 in the X direction are adjusted in real time, so that the distance h recovers the set value, and the variation of the displacement Y, the displacement Z, and the displacement X is compensated in the calculation process.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step a further includes: adjusting the first sliding seat 1 to drive the test component 9 to move, and adjusting the positions of the second sliding seat 5 and the third sliding seat 3 to move the optical measuring head 8;
the step d further comprises the following steps: the second slide 5, the third slide 3 and the second motion table 6 are linked to drive the optical probe 8 to rotate around the test component 9.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes:
step e: collecting the measurement data of the second linear encoder 201, the third linear encoder 501, the first rotary encoder 101, the second rotary encoder 601 and the optical measuring head 8;
step f: reducing the profile of the test member 9.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, step e further includes: measurement data of the first linear encoder is collected.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second moving table 6 is disposed on a third sliding seat 3, the third sliding seat 3 is disposed on a third guide rail 4, the third guide rail 4 is disposed on the second sliding seat 5, and the second sliding seat 5 is disposed on the second guide rail 2;
the step a further comprises: adjusting the first sliding seat 1 to drive the test component 9 to move, and adjusting the positions of the second sliding seat 5 and the third sliding seat 3 to move the optical measuring head 8;
the step c further comprises: the first motion platform 1 drives the test component 9 to rotate;
the step d further comprises the following steps: the optical probe 8 is rotated around the test member 9 by the linkage of the second carriage 5, the third carriage 3 and the second motion stage 6.
Referring to fig. 4, taking the surface shape measurement of the spherical member as an example, to further explain the working principle, before starting the work, the positions of the first sliding seat 1 and the first moving platform 11 are adjusted, and the center of the testing member 9 is driven to be located on the first rotation axis 111; adjusting the positions of the second sliding seat 5, the third sliding seat 3 and the second moving table 6 to further drive the position of the optical measuring head 8, so that the optical measuring head 8 is located on the first rotation axis 111, further, the light spot of the optical measuring head 8 is located at the maximum projection of the testing member 9, and the distance between the optical measuring head 8 and the testing member 9 is h; after the position adjustment is finished, the optical measuring head works; the first motion platform 11 drives the test component 9 to rotate; the second carriage 5 and the third carriage 3 are coupled to the second motion stage 6, and the optical probe 8 starts to rotate around the test member 9 from the 0 ° position.
As shown in fig. 4, the optical probe detects the distance h in the initial state 0 (ii) a Then, the optical measuring head rotates to a 90 ° position from a 0 ° position, in this process, the light spot of the optical measuring head 8 moves on the surface of the testing member 9, and by combining the rotation angle x1 of the first moving table 11 and the rotation angle x2 of the second moving table 6, the movement track of the light spot can be calculated through computer simulation, and the movement track is an arc-shaped curve; in the process of light spot movement, because of the concave-convex condition of the surface of the testing component 9, the distance h detected by the optical measuring head 8 also changes, the increased or decreased distance Δ h represents the concave-convex value of the surface of the testing component 9, and the moving track of the light spot has concave-convex change;
the movement of the first motion stage 11 and the second motion stage 6 is controlled by a computer so that the light spot passes each surface of the test member 9, the surface being constituted by lines, establishing the surface profile of the test member 9.
When some spherical components with large concave-convex amplitude are measured, the situation that the distance h is too large or too small may occur in the profile scanning process; when the distance h is too small, the optical measuring head has potential safety hazards of colliding with the surface of the testing component 9, and when the distance h is too large, the detection precision of the optical measuring head is reduced; therefore, when the distance h is too large or too small, the computer controls the first motion stage 11 and the second motion stage 6 to stop working, and automatically adjusts the displacement Y (recorded as displacement variation Δ Y) of the first slide 1 in the Y direction, the displacement Z (recorded as displacement variation Δ Z) of the second slide 5 in the Z direction, and the displacement X (recorded as displacement variation Δ X) of the third slide 3 in the X direction, so that the distance h is restored to the set value (which can be automatically set as the initial distance h by a program) 0 ) And compensating the displacement variation delta y, delta z and delta x in the calculation process, and continuously executing the scanning work.
In the automatic adjustment process, the adjustment is carried out according to the priority of increasing or decreasing the displacement y, the displacement z times and the displacement x again;
when the moving track of the light spot is calculated, the real displacement y, the real displacement z and the real displacement x are restored by combining the displacement variation Δ y, the displacement Δ z and the displacement Δ x, and then the real displacement y, the displacement z and the displacement x are included in the surface profile calculation of the testing component 9.
In the above process, the first rotary encoder 101, the second rotary encoder 601, the second linear encoder 201 and the third linear encoder 501 operate to analyze the envelope tracks of the test member 9 and the optical probe 8, and the envelope tracks further combine with the data of the optical probe 8 to obtain the profile model and the profile data of the test member 9 through the calculation of the computer, that is, the measurement data of the test member is obtained, so as to provide a data base for the subsequent qualification test. The optical probe 8 may be opened before the position adjustment. The multi-axis linkage method can realize measurement of spherical test members and concave test members; further, testing complex profiles with both concave and convex surfaces can also be achieved, and the invention is not limited thereto.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the step a includes: the member 9 to be measured is placed on the second rotation axis 61 such that the center line of the member 9 coincides with the second rotation axis 61 and the optical probe 8 is located at the periphery of the test member 9.
The step d comprises the following steps: the second motion table 6 rotates to drive the optical measuring head 8 to rotate around the test component 9.
Step e 1: collecting measurement data of the first rotary encoder 101, the second rotary encoder 601 and the optical measuring head 8;
step f: reducing the profile of the test member 9.
Referring to fig. 6, taking the surface shape measurement of the spherical member as an example, to further explain the working principle, before starting working, the positions of the first sliding base 1 and the first moving platform 11 are adjusted to drive the center of the testing member 9 to be located on the first rotation axis 111; adjusting the positions of the second sliding seat 5, the third sliding seat 3 and the second motion table 6, and further driving the position of the optical measuring head 8 to make the optical measuring head 8 be located on the first rotation axis 111, and driving the measuring member 9 to be located on the second rotation axis 61, so that the center of the member 9 is overlapped with the second rotation axis 61, and further the light spot of the optical measuring head 8 is located at the maximum projection of the testing member 9; after the position adjustment is finished, the optical measuring head works; the first motion platform 11 drives the test component 9 to rotate; the second motion stage 6 rotates to drive the optical probe 8 to start rotating around the test member 9 from the 0 ° position, as shown in fig. 6, the optical probe rotates from the 0 ° position to the 90 ° position, and in this process, the profile scanning of the test member 9 by the optical probe 8 is realized. In the above process, the first rotary encoder 101 and the second rotary encoder 601 operate to analyze the envelope tracks of the test member 9 and the optical measurement head 8, and the envelope tracks further combine with the data of the optical measurement head 8 to obtain the profile model and the profile data of the test member 9 through the calculation of the computer, that is, the measurement data of the test member is obtained, so as to provide a data base for the subsequent qualification tests.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, except that the second moving stage 6 is provided on a third sliding base 3, the third sliding base 3 is provided on a third guiding rail 4; the first moving table 11 is arranged on a first sliding seat, the first sliding seat 1 is arranged on the second sliding seat 5, and the second sliding seat 5 is arranged on the second guide rail 2;
the step a further comprises: adjusting the first sliding seat 1 and the second sliding seat 5 to drive the test component 9 to move, and adjusting the third sliding seat 3 to move the position of the optical measuring head;
the step c further comprises: the second sliding seat 5 and the first moving platform 11 drive the testing component 9 to rotate;
the step d further comprises the following steps: the optical probe 8 rotates around the testing member 9 under the linkage action of the third slide 3 and the second motion table 6, and the optical probe 8 and the testing member 9 move relatively.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the step a further includes simulating a trajectory before testing, so that the trajectory will not be jammed, and performing actual measurement after the trajectory is not jammed.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the step a further includes setting a distance value h, and if the value h is too large or too small during the rotation of the second motion stage 6, the program directly performs the intervention compensation and the real-time calculation.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way, and any changes or modifications that can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the technical means disclosed in the present disclosure should be regarded as the technical means or the embodiments substantially the same as the present invention, and therefore: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A spherical component surface shape profile conformal envelope measurement system is characterized by comprising:
a first motion platform (11), wherein the first motion platform (11) can perform rotary motion, the axis of the rotation is a first rotation axis (111), and the first rotation axis (111) is horizontally arranged;
the second moving platform (6) can rotate, the rotating axis is a second rotating axis (61), and the second rotating axis (61) is vertically arranged; the second axis of rotation (61) being perpendicular to the first axis of rotation (111);
the first motion stage (11) is used for fixing a test component (9) to be measured;
an optical measuring head (8) is arranged on the second motion table (6); an optical probe (8) is arranged along a second axis of rotation (61) and directed towards the test member (9); the second motion table (6) can rotate around the test component (9) with the optical measuring head (8); the optical measuring head (8) is used for acquiring the distance h between the optical measuring head (8) and the surface of the testing component (9);
first angle detection means for detecting a rotation angle x1 of the first moving stage (11);
second angle detection means for detecting a rotation angle x2 of the second moving stage (6);
and the computer obtains the surface profile of the spherical member according to the rotation angle x1, the rotation angle x2 and the distance h.
2. A spherical member surface profile following envelope measurement system according to claim 1, wherein said first angle detection means is a first rotary encoder (101) mounted on a first motion stage (11); the second angle detection device is a second rotary encoder (601) arranged on a second motion table (6); the optical measuring head (8) is electrically connected with a data sensor (801).
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: a first slide (1) for adjusting the displacement of the first motion stage (11) in the vertical direction; the first moving platform (11) is arranged on the first sliding seat (1), and the first sliding seat (1) drives the first moving platform (11) to do linear motion in the Y direction; the first sliding seat (1) is electrically connected with a first linear encoder, and the first linear encoder detects the displacement Y of the first sliding seat (1) in the Y direction.
4. A spherical member surface profile following envelope measurement system according to claim 3, further comprising:
a second guide rail (2) for limiting the linear motion of the second sliding seat (5) in the Z direction;
the second sliding seat (5) moves linearly on the second guide rail, and the second sliding seat (5) is electrically connected with a second linear encoder (201); a second linear encoder (201) detects the displacement Z of the second slide (5) in the Z direction;
a third guide rail (4) arranged on the second carriage (5); the second sliding seat (5) drives the third guide rail (4) to do linear motion in the X direction together;
a third slide (3) arranged on a third guide rail (4); the third sliding seat (3) is electrically connected with a third linear encoder (501), and the third linear encoder (501) detects the displacement X of the third sliding seat (3) in the X direction;
the second motion table (6) is arranged on the third slide (3).
5. The system for measuring the surface profile of the spherical component with the shape-following envelope according to any one of claims 3 to 4, characterized in that the light spot diameter of the optical measuring head (8) is 10 um;
the positioning precision of the first sliding seat (1), the second sliding seat (5) and the third sliding seat (3) is-0.5 um; the positioning accuracy of the first moving table (11) and the second moving table (6) is-8 urad.
6. A method for measuring a surface profile of a spherical member along a shape envelope, which is implemented by using the system of any one of claims 1 to 5, the method comprising:
a, step a: adjusting the positions of the optical probe (8) and the test member (9) so that the optical probe (8) faces the test member (9) with a certain gap;
step b: the optical measuring head (8) starts to measure the distance h between the testing component (9) and the optical measuring head (8), and feeds back data in real time;
step c: the first motion platform (11) rotates to drive the test component (9) to rotate; the first angle detection device feeds back the rotation angle x1 of the first motion platform (11) in real time;
step d: the second motion table (6) drives the optical measuring head (8) to rotate around the testing component (9); the second angle detection device feeds back the rotation angle x2 of the second motion table (6) in real time;
the computer calculates the track of the light spot of the optical measuring head (8) walking on the surface of the spherical member according to the rotation angle x1 and the rotation angle x2, and the computer calculates and obtains the concave-convex profile of the surface of the spherical member according to the distance h; when the light spot of the optical measuring head (8) passes through the surface of the spherical component, the computer acquires the surface shape profile of the surface of the spherical component.
7. The method for measuring the surface profile of the spherical member according to claim 6,
in the step a, when the distance h exceeds a set range, the displacement Y of the first sliding seat (1) in the Y direction, the displacement Z of the second sliding seat (5) in the Z direction and the displacement X of the third sliding seat (3) in the X direction are adjusted in real time, so that the distance h recovers a set numerical value, and the variation of the displacement Y, the displacement Z and the displacement X is compensated in the calculation process.
8. The method for measuring the surface profile of the spherical member along with the envelope of the spherical member according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the step a comprises the following steps: the component (9) to be measured is placed on the second axis of rotation, the centre line of the component (9) is made to coincide with the second axis of rotation, and the optical probe (8) is made to be located at the periphery of the test component (9).
9. The method for measuring the surface profile of the spherical member with the envelope of the spherical member according to claim 7, wherein the second motion table (6) is arranged on a third slide (3), the third slide (3) is arranged on a third guide rail (4), the third guide rail (4) is arranged on the second slide (5), and the second slide (5) is arranged on the second guide rail (2);
the step a further comprises: adjusting the position of the first sliding seat (1) to drive the test component (9) to move, and adjusting the positions of the second sliding seat (5) and the third sliding seat (3) to move the optical measuring head (8);
the step c further comprises: the first moving table (11) drives the testing component (9) to rotate;
the step d further comprises the following steps: the optical measuring head (8) rotates around the testing component (9) under the linkage action of the second sliding seat (5), the third sliding seat (3) and the second motion table (6).
10. The method for measuring the surface profile of the spherical component along with the envelope of the spherical component is characterized in that the second motion platform (6) is arranged on a third slide carriage (3), and the third slide carriage (3) is arranged on a third guide rail (4); the first moving platform (11) is arranged on the first sliding seat (1), the first sliding seat (1) is arranged on the second sliding seat (5), and the second sliding seat (5) is arranged on the second guide rail (2);
the step a further comprises: adjusting the first sliding seat (1) and the second sliding seat (5) to drive the test component (9) to move, and adjusting the position of the third sliding seat (3) to move the optical measuring head (8);
the step c further comprises: the first sliding seat (1), the second sliding seat (5) and the first moving platform (11) drive the test component (9) to rotate;
the step d further comprises the following steps: the optical measuring head (8) rotates around the testing component (9) under the linkage action of the third sliding seat (3) and the second moving platform (6), and the optical measuring head (8) and the testing component (9) move relatively.
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