CN115119787B - Offshore shellfish culture device and method capable of realizing automatic bait feeding adjustment - Google Patents
Offshore shellfish culture device and method capable of realizing automatic bait feeding adjustment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115119787B CN115119787B CN202210864862.3A CN202210864862A CN115119787B CN 115119787 B CN115119787 B CN 115119787B CN 202210864862 A CN202210864862 A CN 202210864862A CN 115119787 B CN115119787 B CN 115119787B
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- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001442234 Cosa Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000089409 Erythrina poeppigiana Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009776 Rathbunia alamosensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237503 Pectinidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
- A01K61/65—Connecting or mooring devices therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/80—Feeding devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
- F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
- F03B13/141—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector
- F03B13/142—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector which creates an oscillating water column
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an offshore shellfish culture device and method capable of realizing automatic bait feeding adjustment, comprising a shellfish culture device and an automatic feeding device, wherein the automatic feeding device is positioned at the upstream, and the shellfish culture device is positioned at the downstream; the automatic feeding device comprises an oscillating water column type wave energy conversion device and a feeding device; the oscillating water column type wave energy conversion device absorbs wave energy to generate electricity so as to drive the feeding device to scatter materials. The bait scattered by the material scattering opening moves to the area where the net cage is located under the action of water flow. According to the invention, the shellfish culture device and the automatic feeding device are effectively combined according to the flow of the culture water area, meanwhile, the automatic feeding device utilizes water flow to scatter materials, and the water flow moves baits to the shellfish culture device after the scattering of the materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an offshore shellfish culture device and method capable of realizing automatic adjustment of bait feeding.
Background
Traditional shellfish culture is mainly carried out by raft type hanging cages (or hanging ropes), and the culture area is limited by the inner bay and shallow sea. The water quality and ecological environment of the cultivation water area are seriously endangered by the long-term large-scale high-density floating raft cultivation. Meanwhile, the poor water quality condition can not cultivate high-quality shellfish, and the market value of the shellfish is further influenced. For this reason, in recent years, benthic proliferation of shellfish has been increasingly studied and paid attention to.
The benthic proliferation mode of the farm is located on the seafloor where no temperature, salinity jump is present. Has the advantages of little influence of wind and wave on the growth environment, low inhabitation water temperature and little change, is more suitable for cold water biological culture and the like. The net cage is arranged on the substrate of the water area with a proper environment, and the shellfish artificial offspring seeds or semi-artificial offspring seeds are put into the net cage for cultivation production activities, so that the cultivation yield and quality can be greatly improved.
However, bait feeding for benthonic shellfish cultivation is one of the bottleneck problems in industry development, and the original foods such as microalgae in an ecological system cannot meet the requirements of large-scale shellfish cultivation. Especially, when the climate change or other environmental changes are met, the quantity of the related algae population in the cultured sea area is extremely easy to be suddenly reduced, the continuous hunger stress of the cultured scallops is further caused, and huge economic losses are brought to the cultured enterprises. Thus, a complete shellfish benthonic aquaculture device equipped with an automatic bait feeding system is a necessary facility equipment to drive the development of the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical problems, the offshore shellfish culture device and the offshore shellfish culture method capable of realizing automatic adjustment of bait feeding are provided. The automatic feeding device is mainly used for automatically feeding the shellfish culture device, and water flow and wave regulation are fully utilized to realize automatic feeding and accurate feeding.
The invention adopts the following technical means:
an offshore shellfish culture device capable of realizing automatic bait feeding adjustment comprises a shellfish culture device and an automatic feeding device, wherein the automatic feeding device is positioned at the upstream, and the shellfish culture device is positioned at the downstream;
the automatic feeding device comprises an oscillating water column type wave energy conversion device and a feeding device;
the feeding device comprises a frame floating on the water surface and a hopper arranged in the frame, a feed opening and a valve plate are arranged at the bottom of the hopper, and the valve plate is connected with a first electromagnetic valve group for driving the valve plate to open and close the feed opening; a material receiving room is arranged below the valve plate, a material scattering opening is formed in the bottom of the material receiving room, and a valve block and a second electromagnetic valve group for driving the valve block to open and close the material scattering opening are arranged at the material scattering opening; when the first electromagnetic valve group is electrified, the valve plate opens the blanking opening, and when the valve plate is powered off, the blanking opening is closed; when the second electromagnetic valve group is electrified, the valve block closes the material scattering opening, and when the power is off, the material scattering opening is opened; the floating blocks (the material scattering opening part is uncovered) are arranged at the periphery and the bottom of the frame, so that the feeding device can float on the sea surface.
The oscillating water column type wave energy conversion device comprises an air cavity, wherein the air cavity floats on the water surface, the bottom of the wave facing side of the air cavity is positioned in water, and the bottom is provided with a water inlet communicated with a cultivation water area; the top of the back wave side of the air cavity is provided with an air cavity air inlet and a first one-way valve; the back wave side of the air cavity is provided with a power generation room, the joint of the power generation room and the air cavity is provided with a power generation room air inlet and a second one-way valve, and an impeller and a generator connected with the impeller are arranged in the power generation room; an exhaust hole and a third one-way valve are arranged on one side of the power generation room, which is far away from the air inlet of the power generation room; the generator is electrically connected with the first electromagnetic valve bank and the second electromagnetic valve bank;
the shellfish culture device comprises a net cage and an anti-dragging anchor, wherein the net cage is positioned at the water bottom, and the net cage is positioned in the downstream direction of the anti-dragging anchor; the net cage is connected with the anti-dragging anchor through a first anchor chain; the bottom of the frame is connected with the anti-dragging anchor through a second anchor chain;
the bait scattered by the material scattering opening moves to the area where the net cage is located under the action of water flow.
Preferably, the first electromagnetic valve group comprises a first sliding rail, the first sliding rail is fixedly connected with the valve plate, and one end of the first sliding rail is connected with a first reset spring fixed on the frame; a first magnet is fixed on the first sliding rail, a first coil which is fixedly arranged outside the first magnet is arranged outside the first magnet, and the first coil is electrically connected with the generator; the second electromagnetic valve group comprises a second sliding rail, the second sliding rail is fixedly connected with the valve block, one end of the second sliding rail is connected with a second reset spring fixed on the frame, and the second reset spring is fixed on the side wall of the frame opposite to the first reset spring; the second magnet is fixed on the second sliding rail, a second coil fixedly arranged is arranged outside the second magnet, and the second coil is electrically connected with the generator.
Preferably, a third coil is fixedly sleeved outside the second sliding rail, the third coil and the second coil are coaxially arranged and have a space, and the third coil is electrically connected with the second coil.
Preferably, the bottom of the material bearing chamber is provided with two material scattering openings and two valve blocks.
Preferably, one end of the net cage far away from the first anchor chain is connected with one end of an anchor rope, and the other end of the anchor rope is connected with a floating ball positioned on the sea surface;
preferably, the net cage comprises a bottom layer net cage and an upper layer net cage falling on the bottom layer net cage, and the upper layer net cage and the bottom layer net cage are arranged in a staggered manner;
the bottom layer net cage is connected with the first anchor chain;
one end of the bottom layer net cage far away from the first anchor chain is connected with one end of a lacing wire, and the other end of the lacing wire is connected with the upper layer net cage;
the upper layer net cage is connected with the anchor rope.
Preferably, the bottom layer netpen is connected with the first anchor chain through a compression spring.
Preferably, the first anchor chain is connected with the anti-dragging anchor through a semicircular ball bearing, and the axis of the semicircular ball bearing extends in the vertical direction.
Preferably, a bracket is fixed below the bottom layer net cage.
The invention also discloses an offshore shellfish culture method capable of realizing automatic regulation of bait feeding, which obtains the horizontal sedimentation distance L of the bait according to the water depth of a culture area, the conventional incoming flow speed, the quality, the particle size and the density of the bait; adjusting the length of the first anchor chain and/or the second anchor chain to enable the net cage to be positioned within a horizontal settlement distance L;
wherein s is the projection area of single bait in the water flow direction, v 0 The water flow speed near the bait is D is the effective diameter of the bait, t is the settling time of the particles and F Towing The acting force of water flow on the bait in the horizontal direction is shown, and m is the mass of the bait;
wherein t is 2 ＝H/a Vertical and vertical ，a Vertical and vertical ＝g-ρ Water and its preparation method g/ρ Bait material H is the vertical distance between the material scattering opening and the net cage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the shellfish culture device and the automatic feeding device are effectively combined according to the flow field of the culture water area, meanwhile, the automatic feeding device utilizes water flow to scatter materials, and the water flow moves baits to the shellfish culture device after the scattering of the materials.
2. The invention utilizes the water flow condition of the cultivation area to realize the automatic adjustment of feed feeding. The device uses the first electromagnetic valve group and the second electromagnetic valve group, utilizes the oscillating water column type wave energy conversion device to realize automatic control of feed feeding, and when a large amount of feed is easy to flow out due to too high wave flow, the second electromagnetic valve group can realize reducing the feed feeding amount, even without feeding; when the wave flow is gentle, the bait feeding amount is increased, which is beneficial to the effective utilization of the bait.
3. The invention is matched with the actual water flow condition of the cultivation area, and ensures the effective feeding rate of the feed to the maximum extent. When the incoming flow (wave advances forward), all coil coils are electrified, and the feed opening is opened, so that foodstuff in the feed cylinder is scattered into the material bearing room. The feed scattering opening is closed, so that feed is prevented from scattering out and flowing along with the feed, and feed waste is avoided. When the wave is removed (when the wave trough is close), all coils are powered off, the feed opening is closed, the feed scattering opening is opened, and the feed is scattered into the culture net cage. When the water flow is large, the oscillating water column moves, the power of the generator is strong, the power of the coil is sufficient, and the three coils are electrified. The second magnet is acted upon by the second coil and the third coil. When the device is reset, the distance is far, the feed scattering port is slowly opened, the feed scattering is slow, and the feed waste is reduced. In the extreme water flow condition, the oscillating water column reciprocates, all coils are continuously charged, and the second magnetic block is subjected to the combined action of the second coil and the third coil, so that the material scattering opening is always in a closed state, feed cannot be scattered out, and feed waste is avoided.
4. The staggered overlapped net cage design can effectively increase the shellfish culture volume.
5. When the water flows, the staggered overlapped net cages float under the action of the water flow, and the waste of the cultivation metabolism such as the residual bait and the feces float away along with the water flow, so that the water quality environment of the cultivation area is ensured. Is beneficial to improving the quality of the cultured organisms.
6. When the water flow component is large, the compression spring can push the bottom layer net cage reversely to resist the water flow force.
7. The arrangement of the semicircular ball bearings limits the movable range of the staggered overlapped net cage.
For the reasons, the invention can be widely popularized in the fields of aquaculture and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an offshore shellfish culture device capable of realizing automatic adjustment of bait feeding in a specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an oscillating water column type wave energy conversion device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a feeding device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of hopper blanking in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the spreading port according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention when the wave front directly acts on the air cavity.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention when the wave trough directly acts on the air cavity.
Fig. 8 is a diagram showing stress analysis of an offshore shellfish culture apparatus capable of realizing automatic adjustment of bait feeding in an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1. a hopper; 2. a valve plate; 3. a material bearing room; 4. a valve block; 5. an air cavity; 6. a water inlet; 7. an air cavity air inlet; 8. a first one-way valve; 9. an air inlet of the power generation room; 10. a second one-way valve; 11. an impeller; 12. a generator; 13. an exhaust hole; 14. a third one-way valve; 15. a frame; 16. a first slide rail; 17. a first return spring; 18. a first magnet; 19. a first coil; 20. a second slide rail; 21. a second return spring; 22. a second magnet; 23. a second coil; 24. a third coil; 25. a feed opening; 26. a material scattering port; 27. an anti-drag anchor; 28. an upper layer net cage; 29. a lower layer net cage; 30. a bracket; 31. a first anchor chain; 32. a compression spring; 33. a semicircular ball bearing; 34. an anchor rope; 35. lacing wires; 36. a second anchor chain; 37. and a floating ball.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless it is specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be clear that the dimensions of the respective parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual scale for convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the azimuth or positional relationships indicated by the azimuth terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal", and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the azimuth or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify the description, and these azimuth terms do not indicate and imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific azimuth or be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention: the orientation word "inner and outer" refers to inner and outer relative to the contour of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "upper surface at … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial location relative to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures would then be oriented "below" or "beneath" the other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" may include both orientations of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to define the components, and are only for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meaning unless otherwise stated, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, an offshore shellfish culture device capable of realizing automatic bait feeding adjustment comprises a shellfish culture device and an automatic feeding device, wherein the automatic feeding device is positioned at the upstream, and the shellfish culture device is positioned at the downstream;
the automatic feeding device comprises an oscillating water column type wave energy conversion device and a feeding device;
the feeding device comprises a frame 15 floating on the water surface and a hopper 1 arranged in the frame 15, a feed opening 25 and a valve plate 2 are arranged at the bottom of the hopper 1, and the valve plate 2 is connected with a first electromagnetic valve group for driving the valve plate 2 to open and close the feed opening 25; a material bearing room 3 is arranged below the valve plate, two material scattering openings 26 are formed in the bottom of the material bearing room 3, and a valve block 4 and a second electromagnetic valve group for driving the valve block 4 to open and close the material scattering openings 26 are arranged at the material scattering openings 26; when the first electromagnetic valve group is electrified, the valve plate 2 opens the blanking opening 25, and when the power is off, the blanking opening 25 is closed; when the second electromagnetic valve group is electrified, the valve block 4 closes the material scattering port 26, and when the power is off, the material scattering port 26 is opened;
the oscillating water column type wave energy conversion device comprises an air cavity 5, wherein the air cavity 5 floats on the water surface, the bottom of the wave facing side of the air cavity 5 is positioned in water, and the bottom is provided with a water inlet 6; the top of the back wave side of the air cavity 5 is provided with an air cavity air inlet 7 and a first one-way valve 8; the back wave side of the air cavity 5 is provided with a power generation room, the joint of the power generation room and the air cavity 5 is provided with a power generation room air inlet 9 and a second one-way valve 10, and an impeller 11 and a generator 12 connected with the impeller 11 are arranged in the power generation room; an exhaust hole 13 and a third one-way valve 14 are arranged on one side of the power generation room, which is far away from the air inlet 9 of the power generation room;
the air cavity intake port 7 and the inter-power generation intake port 9 have the same aperture (opening width).
The hopper 1 is fixedly connected with the frame 15.
The first electromagnetic valve group comprises a first sliding rail 16, the first sliding rail 16 is fixedly connected with the valve plate 2, and one end of the first sliding rail is connected with a first reset spring 17 fixed on the frame 15; the first sliding rail 16 is fixed with a first magnet 18, a first coil 19 fixedly arranged outside the first magnet 18, and the first coil 19 is electrically connected with the generator 12.
The second electromagnetic valve group comprises a second sliding rail 20, the second sliding rail 20 is fixedly connected with the valve block 4, one end of the second sliding rail is connected with a second return spring 21 fixed on the frame 15, and the second return spring 21 is fixed on the side wall of the frame 15 opposite to the first return spring 17; a second magnet 22 is fixed on the second slide rail 20, and a second coil 23 fixedly arranged outside the second magnet 22 is arranged, and the second coil 23 is electrically connected with the generator 12.
The second slide rail 20 is sleeved with a third coil 24 which is fixedly arranged, the third coil 24 and the second coil 23 are coaxially arranged and have a space, and the third coil 24 is electrically connected with the generator 12.
Power generation principle of oscillating water column type wave energy conversion device: when the wave crest of the traveling wave directly acts on the wave-facing side of the air cavity 5 (as shown in fig. 6), the free liquid level of the sea water in the air cavity 5 is raised, so that the air pressure in the air cavity 5 is larger than the external atmospheric pressure, and the air in the air cavity 5 can be driven to flow out; under the guidance of the second one-way valve 10, the air enters the power generation room to drive the impeller 11 to rotate, drive the generator 12 to generate power, and then is discharged from the power generation room under the guidance of the third one-way valve 14. Conversely, when the trough of the traveling wave directly acts on the wave-facing side of the air cavity 5 (as shown in fig. 7), the air pressure in the air cavity 5 is suddenly reduced to be less than the external air pressure, and the external air enters the air cavity 5 through the air cavity air inlet 7 and the first one-way valve 8 to prepare for the next power generation. In the embodiment, the mechanical energy of waves is converted into up-and-down oscillation of an internal water column through the air cavity 5, so that high-speed reciprocating motion of internal and external air is driven, the process of energy conversion is completed, and power generation is realized.
The working principle of the feeding device is as follows: after the generator 12 generates electricity, the first coil 19 is electrified to drive the first magnet 18 to drive the first slide rail 16 to move, the first reset spring 17 is extruded, the feed opening 25 is opened (as shown in fig. 3), and the baits in the hopper 1 enter the material bearing room 3; the second coil 23 and the third coil 24 are electrified to drive the second magnet 22 to drive the second slide rail 20 to press the second reset spring 21, so that the material scattering opening which is originally in an open state is closed. After the power of the generator 12 is cut off, the first coil 19, the second coil 23 and the third coil 24 are cut off, the first magnet 18 and the first sliding rail 16 reset under the action of the first reset spring 17, the blanking opening 25 is closed again, the second magnet 22 and the second sliding rail 20 reset under the action of the second reset spring 21, the material scattering opening is opened, and the baits are thrown (shown in fig. 5).
The shellfish culture device comprises a net cage and an anti-drag anchor 27 which are positioned at the water bottom, wherein the net cage is positioned in the downstream direction of the anti-drag anchor; the net cage comprises a bottom net cage 28 and an upper net cage 29 falling on the bottom net cage 28, and the upper net cage 29 and the bottom net cage 28 are arranged in a staggered manner; preferably, a bracket 30 is fixed below the bottom layer net cage 29.
The bottom layer net cage 28 is connected with the anti-dragging anchor 27 through a first anchor chain 31; and the bottom layer netpen 28 is connected to said first anchor chain 31 by means of compression springs 32. The first anchor chain 31 is connected with the anti-drag anchor 27 through a semicircular ball bearing 33, and the axis of the semicircular ball bearing 33 extends in the vertical direction. The upper layer net cage 28 is connected with an anchor rope 34, and the other end of the anchor rope 34 is connected with a floating ball 37 positioned on the sea surface; the upper layer net cage 28 is connected with the lower layer net cage 29 through lacing wires 35.
The bottom of the frame 15 is connected to the anti-drag anchor 27 by a second anchor chain 36;
the bait scattered by the material scattering opening 26 moves to the area where the net cage is located under the action of water flow.
The present embodiment also discloses an offshore shellfish culture method capable of realizing automatic adjustment of bait feeding, and by adopting the above device, the lengths of the first anchor chain 31 and/or the second anchor chain 36 are adjusted to enable the net cage to be positioned within a horizontal sedimentation distance L;
wherein s is the projection area of a single bait at the water bottom, v 0 The water flow speed near the bait is D is the effective diameter of the bait, t is the settling time of the particles and F Drag and drop The acting force of water flow on the bait in the horizontal direction is shown, and m is the mass of the bait;
wherein t is 2 ＝H/a Vertical and vertical ，a Vertical and vertical ＝g-ρ Water and its preparation method g/ρ Bait material H is the vertical distance between the material scattering opening and the net cage.
The formula derivation is far from:
the bait does variable acceleration motion in the horizontal direction in water, does uniform variable speed motion in the vertical direction, and the horizontal direction mainly receives the drag force of water flow, and the size of water flow changes in different depths, so the drag force of the bait also changes, and the bait does variable acceleration motion in the horizontal direction.
Thus, the first and second substrates are bonded together,
the vertical direction is mainly acted by gravity and buoyancy, so the stress in the vertical direction is unchanged.
Gravity g=mg, buoyancy F Floating device ＝ρ Water and its preparation method gV Row of rows ，V Row of rows ＝m/ρ Bait material ；
G-F Floating device ＝mg-mρ Water and its preparation method gV Row of rows /ρ Bait material ＝ma Vertical and vertical Thus obtaining a Vertical and vertical ＝g-ρ Water and its preparation method g/ρ Bait material The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And because H=a Vertical and vertical t 2 Thus, t is obtained 2 ＝H/a Vertical and vertical 。
In the present embodiment, the influence of wind force is taken into consideration, and as shown in fig. 8, the mass of the automatic empty feeding device is set to be M (the height of the automatic feeding device is h, the radius is r, h Lower part(s) For it to be located at the height of the underwater portion, h Upper part For the height of the water part), according to the culture biomass, the mass of the added bait is M Bait material Therefore, the total mass range of the automatic feeding device is M-M+M Bait material . In order to ensure that the swimming range of the automatic feed feeding system is as small as possible, the quality of the anti-dragging anchor is adjusted.
In the actual cultivation process, the automatic feed feeding system is affected by stormy waves, and most of the volume of the feed system floatsAbove the water surface, the wind power is mainly applied. The wind speed (V) is set by taking the annual wind speed value of the culture sea area as the set wind speed (V) Wind power ). The draft of the automatic feed feeding system at rest at sea level is used as the set draft.
For the mass of the empty automatic feeding device is M, the relative swimming distance of the automatic feeding device is farthest under the same wind force, the anchor chain is in a straightened state, the included angle alpha between the second anchor chain 36 and the automatic feeding device is largest, the pulling force of the second anchor chain 36 is also largest, and the horizontal pulling force applied to the anti-dragging anchor 27 reaches the maximum.
On the basis, a shellfish culture device is added on the left side, the left side of the anti-dragging anchor 27 is pulled by the shellfish culture device, and the left-right symmetrical structure is more beneficial to stress balance. As shown in figure 8 of the drawings,
and (3) vertical: f (F) Float 1 ＝F T1 cosa+G 1
F Float 1 ＝ρgV Row of rows ＝ρgπr 2 h Lower part(s)
G 1 ＝Mg
Level of: f (F) Wind power ＝F T1 sina
From empirical formula F Wind power ＝0.625S 1 V Wind power (S1 is the cross-sectional area S of the part above the sea surface of the automatic feeding device 1 ＝2rh Upper part )
To sum up:
for anti-creep anchor 27: the anti-dragging anchor 27 has a length l in the direction of water flow, a length B in the direction perpendicular to the water flow, and a height H Anchor block
Level of: f (F) Water and its preparation method +F T1 cosa＝f
And (3) vertical: f (F) Float 2 +F T1 sina+F N ＝G 2
Wherein: from empirical formula(S 2 S is the projection area of the anchor block in the incoming flow direction 2 ＝2BH Anchor block )
F Float 2 ＝ρgV Anchor block ＝ρgLBH Anchor block
G 2 ＝M Anchor block g
To sum up:
the actual mass of the anti-creep anchor 27 should be greater than M, which is given by the above equation Anchor block Thereby making the angle between the second anchor chain 36 and the feed feeding system smaller than a in the above formula. The whole device can keep a stable state.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. An offshore shellfish culture device capable of realizing automatic bait feeding adjustment is characterized by comprising a shellfish culture device and an automatic feeding device, wherein the automatic feeding device is positioned at the upstream, and the shellfish culture device is positioned at the downstream;
the automatic feeding device comprises an oscillating water column type wave energy conversion device and a feeding device;
the automatic feeding device comprises a frame floating on the water surface and a hopper arranged in the frame, a feed opening and a valve plate are arranged at the bottom of the hopper, and the valve plate is connected with a first electromagnetic valve group for driving the valve plate to open and close the feed opening; a material receiving room is arranged below the valve plate, a material scattering opening is formed in the bottom of the material receiving room, and a valve block and a second electromagnetic valve group for driving the valve block to open and close the material scattering opening are arranged at the material scattering opening; when the first electromagnetic valve group is electrified, the valve plate opens the blanking opening, and when the valve plate is powered off, the blanking opening is closed; when the second electromagnetic valve group is electrified, the valve block closes the material scattering opening, and when the power is off, the material scattering opening is opened;
the oscillating water column type wave energy conversion device comprises an air cavity, wherein the air cavity floats on the water surface, the bottom of the wave facing side of the air cavity is positioned in water, and the bottom is provided with a water inlet communicated with a cultivation water area; the top of the back wave side of the air cavity is provided with an air cavity air inlet and a first one-way valve; the back wave side of the air cavity is provided with a power generation room, the joint of the power generation room and the air cavity is provided with a power generation room air inlet and a second one-way valve, and an impeller and a generator connected with the impeller are arranged in the power generation room; an exhaust hole and a third one-way valve are arranged on one side of the power generation room, which is far away from the air inlet of the power generation room; the generator is electrically connected with the first electromagnetic valve bank and the second electromagnetic valve bank;
the shellfish culture device comprises a net cage and an anti-dragging anchor, wherein the net cage is positioned at the water bottom, and the net cage is positioned in the downstream direction of the anti-dragging anchor; the net cage is connected with the anti-dragging anchor through a first anchor chain; the bottom of the frame is connected with the anti-dragging anchor through a second anchor chain;
the aperture of the air cavity air inlet is equal to that of the air inlet between the power generation units;
the bait scattered from the material scattering opening moves to the area where the net cage is positioned under the action of water flow;
obtaining a horizontal sedimentation distance L of the baits according to the water depth of the cultivation area, the conventional inflow speed, the quality, the particle size and the density of the baits;
adjusting the length of the first anchor chain and/or the second anchor chain to enable the net cage to be positioned within a horizontal settlement distance L;
wherein s is the direction of water flow of single baitV of the projection area of (v) 0 The water flow speed near the bait is D is the effective diameter of the bait, t is the settling time of the particles and F Towing The acting force of water flow on the bait in the horizontal direction is shown, and m is the mass of the bait;
wherein t is 2 ＝H/a Vertical and vertical ，a Vertical and vertical ＝g-ρ Water and its preparation method g/ρ Bait material H is the vertical distance between the material scattering opening and the net cage.
2. The offshore shellfish culture apparatus capable of realizing automatic adjustment of bait feeding according to claim 1, wherein the first electromagnetic valve group comprises a first slide rail, the first slide rail is fixedly connected with the valve plate, and one end of the first slide rail is connected with a first reset spring fixed on the frame; a first magnet is fixed on the first sliding rail, a first coil which is fixedly arranged outside the first magnet is arranged outside the first magnet, and the first coil is electrically connected with the generator; the second electromagnetic valve group comprises a second sliding rail, the second sliding rail is fixedly connected with the valve block, one end of the second sliding rail is connected with a second reset spring fixed on the frame, and the second reset spring is fixed on the side wall of the frame opposite to the first reset spring; the second magnet is fixed on the second sliding rail, a second coil fixedly arranged is arranged outside the second magnet, and the second coil is electrically connected with the generator.
3. An offshore shellfish culture apparatus capable of realizing automatic adjustment of bait feeding as claimed in claim 2, wherein a third coil fixedly arranged is sleeved outside the second slide rail, and the third coil is coaxially arranged with the second coil and has a space, and the third coil is electrically and mechanically connected with the second coil.
4. An offshore shellfish culture apparatus with automatic bait feeding adjustment according to claim 2, wherein the bottom of the material-bearing chamber is provided with two material-scattering openings and two valve blocks.
5. An offshore shellfish culture apparatus with automatic bait feeding regulation according to claim 1, wherein one end of the net cage far away from the first anchor chain is connected with one end of an anchor rope, and the other end of the anchor rope is connected with a floating ball positioned on the sea surface.
6. The offshore shellfish culture device capable of realizing automatic bait feeding adjustment according to claim 5, wherein the net cage comprises a bottom net cage and an upper net cage falling on the bottom net cage, and the upper net cage and the bottom net cage are arranged in a staggered manner;
the bottom layer net cage is connected with the first anchor chain;
one end of the bottom layer net cage far away from the first anchor chain is connected with one end of a lacing wire, and the other end of the lacing wire is connected with the upper layer net cage;
the upper layer net cage is connected with the anchor rope.
7. An offshore shellfish culture apparatus with automatic bait feeding adjustment according to claim 6, wherein the bottom net cage is connected with the first anchor chain through a compression spring.
8. An offshore shellfish culture apparatus with automatic bait feeding adjustment according to claim 6, wherein the first anchor chain is connected with the anti-drag anchor by a semicircular ball bearing, and the axis of the semicircular ball bearing extends in a vertical direction.
9. An offshore shellfish culture apparatus capable of automatically adjusting bait feeding as in claim 6, wherein a bracket is fixed below the bottom net cage.
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