CN115091132B - 一种悬置螺栓的生产方法及根据此方法生产得到的变速箱悬置螺栓 - Google Patents

一种悬置螺栓的生产方法及根据此方法生产得到的变速箱悬置螺栓 Download PDF

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CN115091132B
CN115091132B CN202210771856.3A CN202210771856A CN115091132B CN 115091132 B CN115091132 B CN 115091132B CN 202210771856 A CN202210771856 A CN 202210771856A CN 115091132 B CN115091132 B CN 115091132B
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bolt
galvanization
suspension bolt
hydrogen
temperature
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戴其海
叶忠财
后月芹
王意明
吴传俊
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WUHU QIANGZHEN AUTOMOBILE FASTENER CO Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/08—Upsetting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/44—Making machine elements bolts, studs, or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D3/00—Diffusion processes for extraction of non-metals; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D3/02—Extraction of non-metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D3/00—Diffusion processes for extraction of non-metals; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D3/02—Extraction of non-metals
    • C21D3/06—Extraction of hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
    • C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/003—Threaded pieces, e.g. bolts or nuts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B33/00—Features common to bolt and nut
    • F16B33/008—Corrosion preventing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B33/00—Features common to bolt and nut
    • F16B33/06—Surface treatment of parts furnished with screw-thread, e.g. for preventing seizure or fretting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B41/00—Measures against loss of bolts, nuts, or pins; Measures against unauthorised operation of bolts, nuts or pins
    • F16B41/002—Measures against loss of bolts, nuts or pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H57/025—Support of gearboxes, e.g. torque arms, or attachment to other devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Abstract

本发明公开了一种悬置螺栓的生产方法及根据此方法生产得到的变速箱悬置螺栓。所述生产方法包括以下工艺步骤：冷镦—脱磷—热处理—滚螺纹1—滚螺纹2—镀锌—驱氢—钝彩—检验—包装、入库。通过冷镦成型工艺结合特定的脱磷、热处理、镀锌、驱氢、钝彩工艺及参数，生产出具有高疲劳强度、高韧性、高耐腐蚀性的悬置螺栓。

Description

一种悬置螺栓的生产方法及根据此方法生产得到的变速箱悬 置螺栓
技术领域
本发明属于紧固件制备技术领域，具体涉及一种悬置螺栓的生产方法及根据此方法生产得到的变速箱悬置螺栓。
背景技术
传统的悬置螺栓生产，需要由特定的型材经切割加工而成，其加工工艺为：型材切割下料—平面倒角、拔杆车螺纹坯径—齐长倒角、拔杆车螺纹坯径—脱磷—热处理—磨螺纹坯径1—磨螺纹坯径2—滚螺纹1—滚螺纹2—镀锌—驱氢—钝彩—检验—包装、入库；其加工工艺复杂，且在加工的过程中由于切割加工，导致金属内部的金属流线断裂，应力无法集中，且由于热处理、镀锌、驱氢、钝彩等工艺控制不当，从而导致悬置螺栓的疲劳性和耐久性变差。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种悬置螺栓的生产方法及根据此方法生产得到的变速箱悬置螺栓，通过对生产工艺及生产参数的改进，显著提高悬置螺栓的疲劳性、耐久性及强度。
本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种悬置螺栓的生产方法，所述生产方法包括以下工艺步骤：冷镦—脱磷—热处理—滚螺纹1—滚螺纹2—镀锌—驱氢—钝彩—检验—包装、入库。
所述脱磷工艺中，脱磷处理的温度和时间分别为50～70℃、20～40min。
所述热处理工艺包括淬火+回火步骤，所述淬火的加热温度和时间分别为840～880℃、70～100min，如果淬火温度过高，产品脆性加大、使用时会发生脆断；如果淬火温度过低，产品强度降低、使用时会发生塑性拉长；所述回火的加热温度和时间分别为490～550℃、80～120min，如果回火温度过高，产品硬度、强度偏低，使用时会发生塑性拉伸或断裂；如果回火温度过低，产品硬度、强度偏高，使用时会发生脆断。
进一步地，所述淬火的加热温度和时间分别优选为857～874℃、83～92min；所述回火的加热温度和时间分别优选为506～539℃、95～114min。
所述镀锌工艺中，镀锌液的成分为：氢氧化钠100～150g/L、碳酸钠≤75g/L、锌离子8～18g/L、调整剂23～40mL/L、滚镀光亮剂0.5～3mL/L、基础剂10～50mL/Kah。此种配比的镀锌液得到的镀层光亮且防腐蚀性能优良。
进一步地，所述调整剂为麦德美环保镀锌调整剂190625。
进一步地，所述基础剂为麦德美环保镀锌基础剂190626。
所述镀锌工艺中，电流密度0.3～2.5A/dm2，电镀温度15～40℃，电镀时间75～90min。此种参数条件下，得到的锌层的厚度最佳，保证螺栓的抗腐蚀性能。
所述驱氢工艺中，驱氢炉的温度设置为140-230℃，驱氢时间为3.5～4.5h，以降低氢脆风险，驱氢的温度需控制在140-230℃，温度过低会导致驱氢不完全，产品脆性大易断裂，如果温度过高会导致镀锌层起泡脱落、影响产品外观及产品防腐性能。
所述钝彩工艺中，钝彩液中三价铬离子的浓度为100～160mL/L，钝彩液的pH为1.6～2.8；钝化的温度和时间分别为25～40℃、60～120s。
本发明还提供了根据上述生产方法生产得到的变速箱悬置螺栓，所述悬置螺栓依次包括四个部分：螺栓头部1、螺栓凸台2、螺栓锥面3、螺栓尾部4，四者依次连接并经冷镦工艺一体成型；所述螺栓头部1和螺栓尾部4均带有螺纹5。螺栓头部1是定位部分、螺栓尾部4是装配部分，螺栓锥面3在装配的过程中起到导向的作用。
在变速箱装配的过程中，螺栓头部1拧入变速箱装配处的螺孔进行定位，螺栓尾部2的螺纹拧入悬置支架的螺纹孔，拧紧过程中螺栓中部的螺栓锥面3起到导向作用，自动调整支架与变速箱装配处螺孔对正，即使变速箱在装配的过程中与悬置支架螺孔有不对正的情况，也可顺利装配完成。
本发明提供的悬置螺栓的生产方法中，采用冷镦工艺对螺栓进行挤压成型加工，由于加工的过程中没有进行任何的切割操作，因此保证了悬置螺栓内部完整的金属流线，提高了其抗疲强度、耐久性和韧性；脱磷工艺及参数的设置保证了产品表面无磷化皮膜，保证了后续锌、铬镀层的光滑性；热处理工艺及参数的设置进一步促进了螺栓的奥氏体，提高螺栓的强度、韧性及疲劳强度、镀锌、钝彩工艺及参数的设置提高了螺栓的耐腐蚀性及强度。
与现有技术相比，本发明的生产工艺简单，通过冷镦成型工艺结合特定的脱磷、热处理、镀锌、驱氢、钝彩工艺及参数，生产出具有高疲劳强度、高韧性、高耐腐蚀性的悬置螺栓，其轴向疲劳试验≥5000000次、破坏扭矩≥94N·m，抗拉强度≥1000MPa。
附图说明
图1为悬置螺栓的剖面图，1-螺栓头部、2-螺栓凸台、3-螺栓锥面、4-螺栓尾部。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
一种悬置螺栓的生产方法，所述生产方法包括以下工艺步骤：冷镦—脱磷—热处理—滚螺纹1—滚螺纹2—镀锌—驱氢—钝彩—检验—包装、入库。实施例1～3及比较例1～2中钝彩液中的铬离子浓度依次为108mL/L、135mL/L、157mL/L、95mL/L、180mL/L；pH依次为1.6、2.2、2.8、1.5、3.0。
实施例1～3及比较例1～2中的生产工艺参数如表1所示；镀锌液配方如表2所示，悬置螺栓检测结果如表3所示。
表1各实施例及比较例的生产工艺参数
表2各实施例及比较例中的镀锌液配方
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 比较例1 比较例2
氢氧化钠 146g/L 123g/L 105g/L 146g/L 105g/L
碳酸钠 55g/L 60g/L 66g/L 55g/L 66g/L
锌离子 16g/L 12g/L 8g/L 16g/L 8g/L
调整剂 38mL/L 30mL/L 23mL/L 38mL/L 23mL/L
滚镀光亮剂 2.9mL/L 1.2mL/L 0.6mL/L 2.9mL/L 0.6mL/L
基础剂 47mL/Kah 25mL/Kah 12mL/Kah 47mL/Kah 12mL/Kah
表3各实施例及比较例中的悬置螺栓检测结果
表中，耐蚀性能参照QC/T 625-2013进行测试，抗拉强度参照GB/T3098.1-2010进行测试，破坏扭矩测试参照GB/T 3098.13-1996进行测试，轴向疲劳试验参照GB/T 13682-1992进行测试。
实施例4
根据上述实施例的生产方法本发明生产得到了一种变速箱悬置螺栓，所述悬置螺栓依次包括四个部分：螺栓头部1、螺栓凸台2、螺栓锥面3、螺栓尾部4，四者依次连接并经冷镦工艺一体成型；所述螺栓头部1和螺栓尾部4均带有螺纹5。螺栓头部1是定位部分、螺栓尾部4是装配部分，螺栓锥面3在装配的过程中起到导向的作用。
在变速箱装配的过程中，螺栓头部1拧入变速箱装配处的螺孔进行定位，螺栓尾部2的螺纹拧入悬置支架的螺纹孔，拧紧过程中螺栓中部的螺栓锥面3起到导向作用，自动调整支架与变速箱装配处螺孔对正，即使变速箱在装配的过程中与悬置支架螺孔有不对正的情况，也可顺利装配完成。
上述参照实施例对一种悬置螺栓的生产方法及根据此方法生产得到的变速箱悬置螺栓进行的详细描述，是说明性的而不是限定性的，可按照所限定范围列举出若干个实施例，因此在不脱离本发明总体构思下的变化和修改，应属本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种悬置螺栓的生产方法，其特征在于，所述生产方法包括以下工艺步骤：冷镦—脱磷—热处理—滚螺纹1—滚螺纹2—镀锌—驱氢—钝彩—检验—包装、入库；
所述镀锌工艺中，镀锌液的成分为：氢氧化钠100～150g/L、碳酸钠≤75g/L、锌离子8～18g/L、调整剂23～40mL/L、滚镀光亮剂0.5～3mL/L、基础剂10～50mL/Kah；
所述调整剂为麦德美环保镀锌调整剂190625；
所述基础剂为麦德美环保镀锌基础剂190626；
所述镀锌工艺中，电流密度0.3～2.5A/dm2，电镀温度15～40℃，电镀时间75～90min；
所述驱氢工艺中，驱氢炉的温度设置为140-230℃，驱氢时间为3.5～4.5h；
所述钝彩工艺中，钝彩液中三价铬离子的浓度为100～160mL/L，钝彩液的pH为1.6～2.8；钝化的温度和时间分别为25～40℃、60～120s。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生产方法，其特征在于，所述脱磷工艺中，脱磷处理的温度和时间分别为50～70℃、20～40min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的生产方法，其特征在于，所述热处理工艺包括淬火+回火步骤，所述淬火的加热温度和时间分别为840～880℃、70～100min；所述回火的加热温度和时间分别为490～550℃、80～120min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的生产方法生产得到的变速箱悬置螺栓，其特征在于，所述悬置螺栓依次包括四个部分：螺栓头部(1)、螺栓凸台(2)、螺栓锥面(3)、螺栓尾部(4)，四者依次连接并经冷镦工艺一体成型；所述螺栓头部(1)和螺栓尾部(4)均带有螺纹(5)。
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