CN115073826B - 一种高耐磨石墨烯改性天然橡胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高耐磨石墨烯改性天然橡胶及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115073826B
CN115073826B CN202210682912.6A CN202210682912A CN115073826B CN 115073826 B CN115073826 B CN 115073826B CN 202210682912 A CN202210682912 A CN 202210682912A CN 115073826 B CN115073826 B CN 115073826B
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周少锋
宋齐
刘亚青
王飞飞
赵贵哲
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North University of China
Shanxi Zhongbei New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于耐磨橡胶技术领域,涉及一种高耐磨石墨烯改性天然橡胶及其制备方法;由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:共混改性天然橡胶100份,改性氧化石墨烯0~3份且不为0,耐磨炭黑35~65份,其它耐磨填料5~20份,氧化锌2~7份,硬脂酸1~4份,防老剂RD1~4份,防老剂4010 NA1~4份,硫化促进剂1~4份,硫磺1~2份,增容剂0.1~3份,操作油1~7份;本发明通过调控改性橡胶的添加量对高耐磨石墨烯改性天然橡胶的耐磨性能进行优化,发挥改性氧化石墨烯和多种耐磨填料的协同作用,并借助改性后的氧化石墨烯增强共混胶之间的相容性,通过简单高效工艺制得性能优异的高耐磨石墨烯改性天然橡胶,具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

一种高耐磨石墨烯改性天然橡胶及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及耐磨橡胶技术领域,具体涉及一种高耐磨石墨烯改性天然橡胶及其制备方法。
背景技术
在全球每年消耗的橡胶中,大约40%是天然橡胶。天然橡胶之所以能够占据如此之高的市场份额,是因为其的大分子链段以及制品研发质量的持续提升。因此,天然橡胶被广泛用于轮胎、胶带、输送带覆盖胶等橡胶制品的生产。而橡胶制品也已成为综合国力发展中不可缺少的部分,被广泛应用在医疗、交通运输、航空航天以及军工产品等领域。
橡胶制品的耐磨性影响着其的使用寿命和使用安全性。提高橡胶产品的耐磨性能,不仅可以延长橡胶制品的使用寿命,降低成本,节约资源和能源,而且还可以保护环境。因为橡胶在制备过程中会添加大量的填料,使得橡胶制品在磨损过程中会产生大量的磨屑,以粉末形式存在于空气环境中,造成环境污染,资源损失。因此提高橡胶制品的耐磨性能具有重要意义。
在高分子材料领域,共混聚合物可以实现性能的互补,但两相材料的相容性一直是共混材料需要解决的问题,另外橡胶共混材料由于补强填料的加入,还需要考虑填料与橡胶分子间的相容性。目前,为了改善橡胶制品的耐磨性,刚性与柔性链段结合的共混橡胶被广泛研究。橡胶复合材料中最重要的添加物是补强填料,除炭黑和白炭黑两种传统的补强填料被用于改善橡胶材料的耐磨性能以外,还有许多既可以提高耐磨性又可以赋予其功能性的补强填料,如碳纳米管、石墨烯,由于这些补强填料的价格较高,目前通常仅用这些填料部分的替代炭黑或白炭黑的形式来改善耐磨性。
发明内容
本发明为提高橡胶制品的耐磨性,提供一种高耐磨石墨烯改性天然橡胶及其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案为:一种高耐磨石墨烯改性天然橡胶,由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:共混改性天然橡胶100份,改性氧化石墨烯0~3份且不为0,耐磨炭黑35~65份,其它耐磨填料5~20份,氧化锌2~7份,硬脂酸1~4份,防老剂RD1~4份,防老剂4010NA 1~4份,硫化促进剂1~4份,硫磺1~2份,增容剂0.1~3份,操作油1~7份。
优选地,所述共混改性天然橡胶为天然橡胶与其它橡胶按重量份数比为(9~1):(1~2)的混合橡胶,其它橡胶为顺丁橡胶、丁苯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶、高反式-1,4-聚丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚橡胶、丁基橡胶和硅橡胶中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述改性氧化石墨烯由次磺酰胺类硫化促进剂与氧化石墨烯反应制得,反应步骤为:将次磺酰胺类硫化促进剂与无水乙醇溶液按质量比为1:(0.2~0.5)混合并溶解;氧化石墨烯与去离子水按质量比为2:(1~0.5)进行混合;在60~80℃温度下,将次磺酰胺类硫化促进剂-无水乙醇溶液倒入氧化石墨烯水溶液中搅拌1~3h;将反应后的混合液进行抽滤、洗涤、离心、干燥,即得到所述的改性氧化石墨烯。
所述的改性氧化石墨烯的用量会影响共混橡胶的内部网络结构,同时会共混橡胶影响硫化速率,并且对共混橡胶的性能有很大影响。本发明中,次磺酰胺类硫化促进剂改性氧化石墨烯在提高共混橡胶交联性的同时还兼顾着硫化作用,改性氧化石墨烯接枝的次磺酰胺类硫化促进剂分子链段可以参与橡胶的硫化,缩短硫化时间,提高了硫化效率,增加橡胶相之间的交联度;改性氧化石墨烯的片层结构可以减少填料的团聚现象,提高填料的分散性。
优选地,所述次磺酰胺类硫化促进剂为N-环己基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺和N-氧二亚乙基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺中的至少一种,次磺酰胺类硫化促进剂与氧化石墨烯的重量份数比是(5~7):1。
优选地,所述耐磨炭黑为炭黑N110、炭黑N220、炭黑N234、炭黑N326、炭黑N330和炭黑N375中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述其它耐磨填料为二硫化钼、碳纤维粉、碳纳米管、二氧化硅、氧化锌晶须、粉煤灰、高岭土及粘土中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述增容剂为硅烷偶联剂KH550、马来酸酐化聚丁二烯和过氧化二异丙苯中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述硫化促进剂为硫化促进剂NOBS、硫化促进剂TMTD、硫化促进剂M、硫化促进剂TT及硫化促进剂CZ中的一种或多种。
一种高耐磨石墨烯改性天然橡胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)母胶制备:将改性氧化石墨烯均匀分散在去离子水中,得到石墨烯悬浮液;将天然橡胶胶乳加入去离子水稀释至质量比15~25%;按重量份配比将石墨烯悬浮液倒入天然胶乳稀释液中进行搅拌10~30min,然后进行絮凝、洗涤、干燥、得到母胶。
(2)共混胶制备:将母胶与重量份配比的其它橡胶在密炼机中进行混炼,然后依次加入重量份配比的炭黑、操作油、氧化锌、硬脂酸、防老剂RD、防老剂4010NA、其它耐磨填料和增容剂进行混炼;然后在开炼机上加入硫化促进剂、硫磺,再次进行混炼;然后在硫化机上进行橡胶硫化。
优选地,所述步骤(1)中的天然橡胶胶乳的固含量是50~70%,石墨烯悬浮液中石墨烯的浓度为0.5~2mg/mL;所述步骤(2)中的橡胶硫化的温度为140~160℃、时间为15~30min。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下有益效果:
第一,本发明通过共混改性橡胶添加量的调控优化天然橡胶耐磨性能,基于具有亲和性的共混胶组分设计,使共混胶表现出更优异的耐磨性能和力学性能。
第二,本发明选择纳米填料氧化石墨烯与耐磨炭黑、其它耐磨填料作为混杂补强填料,通过氧化石墨烯和多种耐磨填料的协同作用,进一步提升石墨烯改性天然橡胶的耐磨性能。
第三,本发明利用硫化促进剂改性氧化石墨烯,不仅可以解决石墨烯的团聚问题,而且还可以增强橡胶与石墨烯之间的界面相互作用,提升填料-橡胶之间的界面结合力。尤其是,纳米填料表面化学锚定硫化促进剂,还可以一方面消除游离橡胶助剂的“起霜”问题,另一发面提高天然橡胶的硫化速率。从而获得更突出力学和耐磨性能的天然橡胶复合材料。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
在本发明中,若无特殊说明,使用的原料均为本领域市售商品。
实施例1
一种天然橡胶复合材料,由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:天然橡胶50份,顺丁橡胶50份,炭黑N326 65份,过氧化二异丙苯3份,氧化锌5份,硬脂酸2份,防老剂RD 1份,防老剂4010NA1份,硫化促进剂NOBS2份,硫磺2份,操作油5份。其制备方法包括以下步骤:分别按量称取原料;将天然橡胶母胶和顺丁橡胶在密炼机混炼5min,依次加入炭黑、操作油、过氧化二异丙苯、氧化锌、硬脂酸、防老剂RD、防老剂4010NA及硫化促进剂进行密炼15min;然后在开炼机上加入硫磺混炼5min,再在150℃、15MPa的平板硫化机上硫化15min,即制得所述天然橡胶复合材料。
实施例2:
一种天然橡胶复合材料,由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:天然橡胶70份,丁苯橡胶30份,氧化石墨烯1份,炭黑N220 35份,氧化锌5份,硬脂酸2份,防老剂RD 1份,防老剂4010 NA1份,硫化促进剂NOBS2份,硫磺2份,操作油5份。其制备方法包括以下步骤:分别按量称取原料;将氧化石墨烯浆料分散在去离子水中,浓度为1mg/mL,使用超声波仪器超声20min,得到氧化石墨烯-水分散体;天然橡胶胶乳(固含量60%)加入去离子水稀释至20%;将氧化石墨烯-水分散体倒入天然胶乳稀释液中进行搅拌20min,然后进行絮凝、洗涤、干燥、得到母胶。将母胶与丁苯橡胶在密炼机中进行混炼,依次加入炭黑、操作油、氧化锌、硬脂酸、防老剂RD、防老剂4010NA进行混炼,然后在开炼机上加入硫化促进剂、硫磺再次进行混炼;再在150℃、15MPa的平板硫化机上硫化30min,即制得所述天然橡胶复合材料。
实施例3:
一种天然橡胶复合材料,由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:天然橡胶50份,高反式-1,4-聚丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚橡胶50份,氧化石墨烯2份,炭黑N330 43份,二硫化钼5份,马来酸酐化聚丁二烯2份,氧化锌5份,硬脂酸2份,防老剂RD1份,防老剂4010NA1份,硫化促进剂NOBS2份,硫磺2份,操作油5份。其制备方法包括以下步骤:分别按量称取原料;将氧化石墨烯浆料分散在去离子水中,浓度为1mg/mL,使用超声波仪器超声20min,得到氧化石墨烯-水分散体;天然橡胶胶乳(固含量60%)加入去离子水稀释至20%;将氧化石墨烯-水分散体倒入天然胶乳稀释液中进行搅拌20min,然后进行絮凝、洗涤、干燥、得到母胶。将母胶与高反式-1,4-聚丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚橡胶在密炼机中进行混炼,依次加入炭黑、操作油、二硫化钼、马来酸酐化聚丁二烯、氧化锌、硬脂酸、防老剂RD、防老剂4010NA进行混炼;然后在开炼机上加入硫化促进剂、硫磺再次进行混炼;再在150℃、15MPa的平板硫化机上硫化30min,即制得所述天然橡胶复合材料。
实施例4:
一种天然橡胶复合材料,由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:天然橡胶70份,顺丁橡胶30份,氧化石墨烯3份,炭黑N220 45份,粉煤灰20份,KH550 3份,氧化锌5份,硬脂酸2份,防老剂RD1份,防老剂4010NA1份,硫化促进剂NOBS2份,硫磺2份,操作油5份。其制备方法包括以下步骤:将氧化石墨烯浆料分散在去离子水中,浓度为1mg/mL,使用超声波仪器超声20min,得到氧化石墨烯-水分散体;天然橡胶胶乳(固含量60%)加入去离子水稀释至20%;将氧化石墨烯-水分散体倒入天然胶乳稀释液中进行搅拌20min,然后进行絮凝、洗涤、干燥、得到母胶。将母胶与顺丁橡胶在密炼机中进行混炼,依次加入炭黑、二氧化硅、KH550、操作油、氧化锌、硬脂酸、防老剂RD、防老剂4010NA进行混炼;再在150℃、15MPa的平板硫化机上硫化20min,即制得所述天然橡胶复合材料。
实施例5:
一种天然橡胶复合材料,由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:天然橡胶70份,丁苯橡胶30份,氧化石墨烯3份,炭黑N375 43份,氧化锌晶须5份,氧化锌5份,硬脂酸2份,防老剂RD1份,防老剂4010NA1份,硫化促进剂NOBS 2份,硫磺2份,操作油5份。其制备方法包括以下步骤:将氧化石墨烯浆料分散在去离子水中,浓度为1mg/mL,使用超声波仪器超声20min,得到氧化石墨烯-水分散体;天然橡胶胶乳(固含量60%)加入去离子水稀释至20%;将氧化石墨烯-水分散体倒入天然胶乳稀释液中进行搅拌20min,然后进行絮凝、洗涤、干燥、得到母胶。将母胶与丁苯橡胶在密炼机中进行混炼,依次加入炭黑、氧化锌晶须、操作油、氧化锌、硬脂酸、防老剂RD、防老剂4010NA进行混炼;再在150℃、15MPa的平板硫化机上硫化15min,即制得所述天然橡胶复合材料。
实施例6:
一种天然橡胶复合材料,由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:天然橡胶50份,高反式-1,4-聚丁二烯-异戊二烯共橡胶50份,氧化石墨烯0.25份,炭黑N326 35份,碳纤维粉20份,过氧化二异丙苯0.5份,氧化锌5份,硬脂酸2份,防老剂RD1份,防老剂4010NA 1份,硫化促进剂NOBS 2份,硫磺2份,操作油5份。其制备方法包括以下步骤:将氧化石墨烯浆料分散在去离子水中,浓度为1mg/mL,使用超声波仪器超声20min,得到氧化石墨烯-水分散体;天然橡胶胶乳(固含量60%)加入去离子水稀释至20%;将氧化石墨烯-水分散体倒入天然胶乳稀释液中进行搅拌20min,然后进行絮凝、洗涤、干燥、得到母胶。将母胶与高反式-1,4-聚丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚橡胶在密炼机中进行混炼,依次加入炭黑、碳纤维粉、操作油、过氧化二异丙苯、氧化锌、硬脂酸、防老剂RD、防老剂4010NA进行混炼;再在150℃、15MPa的平板硫化机上硫化30min,即制得所述天然橡胶复合材料。
实施例7:
一种高耐磨石墨烯改性天然橡胶,由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:天然橡胶60份,顺丁橡胶40份,改性氧化石墨烯3份,炭黑N110 40份,二氧化硅20份,KH550 2份、氧化锌5份,硬脂酸2份,防老剂RD1份,防老剂4010NA 1份,硫化促进剂NOBS 2份,硫磺2份,操作油5份。将N-环己基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺与无水乙醇溶液按质量比为1:0.2~1:0.5混合并溶解制得浓度为1mg/mL的氧化石墨烯去离子水分散液;在75℃条件下,将硫化促进剂-无水乙醇溶液倒入氧化石墨烯水分散液中剧烈搅拌2小时;将反应后的混合液进行抽滤、洗涤、离心、干燥得到改性氧化石墨烯粉末。将上述干燥后的改性氧化石墨烯粉末分散在去离子水中,浓度比为1mg/mL,使用超声波仪器超声20min,得到改性氧化石墨烯-水分散体;天然橡胶胶乳加入去离子水稀释至20%;将改性氧化石墨烯-水分散液倒入天然胶乳稀释液中进行搅拌20min,然后进行絮凝、洗涤、干燥、得到母胶。将母胶与顺丁橡胶在密炼机中进行混炼,然后依次加入炭黑、二氧化硅、KH550、操作油、氧化锌、硬脂酸、防老剂RD、防老剂4010NA进行混炼;然后在开炼机上加入硫化促进剂、硫磺再次进行混炼;再在150℃、15MPa的平板硫化机上硫化20min,即制得所述高耐磨石墨烯改性天然橡胶。
对比例1:
一种天然橡胶复合材料,由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:天然橡胶100份,炭黑N110 40份,二氧化硅20份,KH550 2份、氧化锌5份,硬脂酸2份,防老剂RD1份,防老剂4010NA 1份,硫化促进剂NOBS 2份,硫磺2份,操作油5份。其制备方法包括以下步骤:分别按量称取原料;将天然橡胶中依次加入炭黑、二氧化硅、操作油、KH550、氧化锌、硬脂酸、防老剂RD、防老剂4010NA及硫化促进剂进行密炼15min;然后在开炼机上加入硫磺混炼5min;再在150℃、15MPa的平板硫化机上硫化20min,即制得天然橡胶复合材料。
对比例2:
一种天然橡胶复合材料,由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:丁苯橡胶100份,炭黑N110 40份,二氧化硅20份,KH550 2份、氧化锌5份,硬脂酸2份,防老剂RD1份,防老剂4010NA 1份,硫化促进剂NOBS 2份,硫磺2份,操作油5份。其制备方法包括以下步骤:分别按量称取原料;在丁苯橡胶中依次加入炭黑、二氧化硅、操作油、KH550、氧化锌、硬脂酸、防老剂RD、防老剂4010NA及硫化促进剂进行密炼15min;然后在开炼机上加入硫磺混炼5min;再在150℃、15MPa的平板硫化机上硫化20min,即制得所述天然橡胶复合材料。
对比例3:
一种天然橡胶复合材料,由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:天然橡胶60份,顺丁橡胶40份,氧化石墨烯3份,炭黑N110 40份,二氧化硅20份,KH550 2份,氧化锌5份,硬脂酸2份,防老剂RD1份,防老剂4010NA1份,硫化促进剂NOBS 2份,硫磺2份,操作油5份。其制备方法包括以下步骤:将氧化石墨烯浆料分散在去离子水中,浓度为1mg/mL,使用超声波仪器超声20min,得到氧化石墨烯-水分散体;天然橡胶胶乳(固含量60%)加入去离子水稀释至20%;将氧化石墨烯-水分散体倒入天然胶乳稀释液中进行搅拌20min,然后进行絮凝、洗涤、干燥、得到母胶。将母胶与顺丁橡胶在密炼机中进行混炼,依次加入炭黑、二氧化硅、KH550、操作油、氧化锌、硬脂酸、防老剂RD、防老剂4010NA进行混炼15min;然后在开炼机上加入硫磺再次混炼5min;再在150℃、15MPa的平板硫化机上硫化20min,即制得所述天然橡胶复合材料。
对比例4:
一种天然橡胶复合材料,由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:天然橡胶60份,顺丁橡胶40份,氧化石墨烯3份,炭黑N110 40份,氧化锌5份,硬脂酸2份,防老剂RD1份,防老剂4010NA1份,硫化促进剂NOBS 2份,硫磺2份,操作油5份。其制备方法包括以下步骤:将氧化石墨烯浆料分散在去离子水中,浓度为1mg/mL,使用超声波仪器超声20min,得到氧化石墨烯-水分散体;天然橡胶胶乳(固含量60%)加入去离子水稀释至20%;将氧化石墨烯-水分散体倒入天然胶乳稀释液中进行搅拌20min,然后进行絮凝、洗涤、干燥、得到母胶。将母胶与顺丁橡胶在密炼机中进行混炼,依次加入炭黑、操作油、氧化锌、硬脂酸、防老剂RD、防老剂4010NA进行混炼,然后在开炼机上加入硫磺再次混炼5min;再在150℃、15MPa的平板硫化机上硫化20min,即制得所述天然橡胶复合材料。
表1列出了实施例7所制备高耐磨石墨烯改性天然橡胶复合材料的力学性能和耐磨性能数据,其数值均达到了国标GB/T 9770-2013中要求的D级水平(D级用于输送高磨损物料),表明所制备石墨烯改性天然橡胶复合材料具有优异的力学性能和耐磨性能。
表1实施例及对照组制备高耐磨覆盖胶的性能测试数据
Figure BDA0003696994550000071

Claims (7)

1.一种高耐磨石墨烯改性天然橡胶,其特征在于,由以下重量份配比的原料制备而成:共混改性天然橡胶100份,改性氧化石墨烯0~3份且不为0,耐磨炭黑35~65份,其它耐磨填料5~20份,氧化锌2~7份,硬脂酸1~4份,防老剂RD1~4份,防老剂4010 NA 1~4份,硫化促进剂1~4份,硫磺1~2份,增容剂0.1~3份,操作油1~7份;
所述共混改性天然橡胶为天然橡胶与其它橡胶按重量份数比为(9~1):(1~2)的混合橡胶,其它橡胶为顺丁橡胶、丁苯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶、高反式-1,4-聚丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚橡胶、丁基橡胶和硅橡胶中的一种或多种;
所述改性氧化石墨烯由次磺酰胺类硫化促进剂与氧化石墨烯反应制得,反应步骤为:将次磺酰胺类硫化促进剂与无水乙醇溶液按质量比为1:(0.2~0.5)混合并溶解;氧化石墨烯与去离子水按质量比为2:(1~0.5)进行混合;在60~80℃温度下,将次磺酰胺类硫化促进剂-无水乙醇溶液倒入氧化石墨烯水溶液中搅拌1~3h;将反应后的混合液进行抽滤、洗涤、离心、干燥,即得到所述的改性氧化石墨烯;
所述次磺酰胺类硫化促进剂为N-环己基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺和N-氧二亚乙基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺中的至少一种,次磺酰胺类硫化促进剂与氧化石墨烯的重量份数比是(5~7):1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高耐磨石墨烯改性天然橡胶,其特征在于,所述耐磨炭黑为炭黑N110、炭黑N220、炭黑N234、炭黑N326、炭黑N330和炭黑N375中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高耐磨石墨烯改性天然橡胶,其特征在于,所述其它耐磨填料为二硫化钼、碳纤维粉、碳纳米管、二氧化硅、氧化锌晶须、粉煤灰、高岭土及粘土中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高耐磨石墨烯改性天然橡胶,其特征在于,所述增容剂为硅烷偶联剂KH550、马来酸酐化聚丁二烯和过氧化二异丙苯中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高耐磨石墨烯改性天然橡胶,其特征在于,所述硫化促进剂为硫化促进剂NOBS、硫化促进剂TMTD、硫化促进剂M、硫化促进剂TT及硫化促进剂CZ中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的一种高耐磨石墨烯改性天然橡胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)母胶制备:将改性氧化石墨烯均匀分散在去离子水中,得到石墨烯悬浮液;将天然橡胶胶乳加入去离子水稀释至质量比15~25%;按重量份配比将石墨烯悬浮液倒入天然胶乳稀释液中进行搅拌10~30min,然后进行絮凝、洗涤、干燥、得到母胶;
(2)共混胶制备:将母胶与重量份配比的其它橡胶在密炼机中进行混炼,然后依次加入重量份配比的炭黑、操作油、氧化锌、硬脂酸、防老剂RD、防老剂4010NA、其它耐磨填料和增容剂进行混炼;然后在开炼机上加入硫化促进剂、硫磺,再次进行混炼;然后在硫化机上进行橡胶硫化。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种高耐磨石墨烯改性天然橡胶的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中的天然橡胶胶乳的固含量是50~70%,石墨烯悬浮液中石墨烯的浓度为0.5~2mg/mL;所述步骤(2)中的橡胶硫化的温度为140~160℃、时间为15~30min。
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