CN115073055B - Preparation method of concrete self-repairing microcapsule - Google Patents
Preparation method of concrete self-repairing microcapsule Download PDFInfo
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- CN115073055B CN115073055B CN202210813048.9A CN202210813048A CN115073055B CN 115073055 B CN115073055 B CN 115073055B CN 202210813048 A CN202210813048 A CN 202210813048A CN 115073055 B CN115073055 B CN 115073055B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
- C04B40/0046—Premixtures of ingredients characterised by their processing, e.g. sequence of mixing the ingredients when preparing the premixtures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a concrete self-repairing microcapsule, which comprises the steps of crushing, pickling and washing waste building materials, soaking in a silane coupling agent aqueous solution for 30-60min, filtering and airing to obtain waste building material powder; mixing paraffin, polyethylene wax, the waste building material powder and ethanol, and uniformly stirring at 50-75 ℃ to obtain a coating solution; placing the carbon-fixing material in a vacuum environment at 25-75 ℃, introducing carbon dioxide atmosphere for 1-3h, and uniformly mixing with the water-swellable material to obtain a capsule core material; extruding the capsule core material into rice noodle shape by an extruding device, and then putting the rice noodle shape into a roller of a particle drying device to be rolled into particles; spraying the coating liquid onto the rolling capsule core, and airing to obtain a microcapsule; the invention has better compatibility and lubricity with a concrete matrix, absorbs moisture after the capsule wall is broken to expand and fill cracks, releases carbon dioxide to generate substances such as calcium carbonate and the like to repair the cracks, and improves the strength and the durability of the concrete.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a concrete self-repairing microcapsule.
Background
With the rapid development of modern concrete, various concrete structures are widely applied to various super high-rise buildings, large-span bridges, industrial buildings and other structures. However, since concrete has inherent defects such as high brittleness and low tensile strength, internal cracks are inevitably generated during preparation and use, thereby reducing the strength. Meanwhile, the internal cracks of the concrete can provide channels for the infiltration of substances such as water in the environment and the like, so that the chemical erosion and the corrosion of internal steel bars of the concrete are aggravated, and the service life of the concrete is shortened.
In order to improve the durability of concrete, the technology of repairing damaged and cracked concrete has been highly regarded by people. The self-repairing means that local damage or microcracks generated in the preparation and use processes of the concrete are repaired in time through a self-response mechanism in the concrete, so that the service life of the concrete is prolonged. The current research directions mainly comprise a penetration crystallization method, a microbiological method, a microcapsule method, an electrodeposition method and the like.
The action mechanism of the microcapsule self-repairing concrete is to encapsulate a repairing agent into microcapsules in advance and mix the repairing agent and a curing agent into the concrete. When the concrete cracks, the tip stress of the cracks enables the microcapsules to break, the repairing agent is released and flows into the cracks, and the repairing agent reacts and cures after contacting with curing agents, water or air and the like pre-buried in the concrete to repair the cracks. The following problems still remain: (1) At present, microcapsule research is mostly concentrated on organic wall materials, and the microcapsule research has poor compatibility with a cement matrix and small interface adhesive force. When the crack passes through the capsule, the crack can extend around the capsule along the interface of the capsule and the matrix instead of penetrating through the capsule to break the crack, so that the repairing effect cannot be exerted; (2) The existing microcapsule core material mostly adopts reactive resin, and the viscosity is high generally, so that the repairing agent has poor fluidity at normal temperature, the crack permeability is weak, and the repairing effect is influenced. Meanwhile, the curing agent dispersed in concrete or coated in microcapsules is required to be combined to react, so that the repair capability is further limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of self-repairing microcapsules for concrete, which has better compatibility and lubricity with a concrete matrix, absorbs moisture after the capsule wall breaking to expand and fill cracks, releases carbon dioxide to generate substances such as calcium carbonate and the like to repair the cracks, and improves the strength and durability of the concrete; another object of the present invention is to provide a self-repairing concrete.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme is as follows:
a preparation method of a concrete self-repairing microcapsule comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing, acid washing and water washing the waste building materials, soaking in a silane coupling agent aqueous solution for 30-60min, filtering and airing to obtain waste building material powder; mixing paraffin, polyethylene wax, the waste building material powder and ethanol, and uniformly stirring at 50-75 ℃ to obtain a coating solution;
(2) Placing the carbon-fixing material in a vacuum environment at 25-75 ℃, introducing carbon dioxide atmosphere for 1-3h, and then uniformly mixing the carbon-fixing material with the water-swellable material to obtain a capsule core material;
(3) Extruding the capsule core material into rice noodle shape by an extruding device, and then putting the rice noodle shape into a roller of a particle drying device to be rolled into particles; and spraying the coating liquid onto a rolling capsule core, and airing to obtain the microcapsule.
According to the scheme, the waste building materials in the step 1 are one or a mixture of fly ash, steel slag and waste marble powder.
According to the scheme, in the step 1, the paraffin, the polyethylene wax, the waste building material powder and the ethanol are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: (0.1-0.2): (0.3-0.5): (3-8) proportioning.
According to the scheme, the carbon fixing material in the step 2 is one or a mixture of triamino silane, tetraethylenepentamine and melamine.
According to the scheme, the water-swellable material in the step 2 is one or a mixture of bentonite, cyclodextrin and polyvinyl alcohol.
According to the scheme, the mass ratio of the carbon-fixing material to the water-swellable material in the step 2 is (4-2): 1.
According to the scheme, the outer wall of the roller is cooled by cooling water before spraying in the step 3.
And (4) according to the scheme, continuing rolling for 5-10min after spraying in the step 3.
The self-repairing concrete comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 73-167kg/m of cement 3 256 to 327kg/m of mineral powder 3 100-150 kg/m of water 3 Prepared by the above scheme12 to 25kg/m of microcapsules 3 20-50kg/m crushed ice 3 850-1000 kg/m of broken stone 3 700-900 kg/m of sand 3 12-58 kg/m of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent 3 。
The microcapsule wall material prepared by the method adopts an inorganic powder/paraffin mixture, so that the compatibility and lubricity of the microcapsule and a concrete matrix can be improved, and the uniform distribution of the microcapsule is promoted; the melting point is adjusted to be higher than the hydration temperature of common cement by adjusting the proportion of paraffin wax and polyethylene wax, and the integrity of the microcapsule in the hydration process is kept; the stress adaptability of the capsule is adjusted by adjusting the proportion of the inorganic powder and the paraffin, and the smooth wall breaking of the capsule after the crack is generated is ensured.
The microcapsule core material is made of a water-swellable and carbon-fixing material, absorbs water after the capsule wall is broken, swells to fill cracks, slowly releases carbon dioxide at the interface of the swelling material and the cracks, and reacts with carbides (calcium silicate, calcium chloride, calcium hydroxide and the like) remained after cement hydration in a water environment to generate substances such as calcium carbonate and the like to repair the cracks, so that the strength and the durability of concrete are improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The microcapsule prepared by the invention recycles building material waste to prepare the microcapsule, reduces the use of organic curing agent, cures carbon dioxide by carbonization reaction, and has significance and effect of environmental protection.
(2) According to the invention, an organic/inorganic mixed material is used as a microcapsule wall material, so that the compatibility of the microcapsule and a matrix is enhanced, the uniform dispersion of the microcapsule is promoted by means of paraffin lubricity, the wall breaking rate of the capsule is improved, and the crack repairing effect is improved.
(3) The water-swellable material adopted by the invention has strong plasticity, and can be tightly attached to cracks to realize filling and leaking stoppage; meanwhile, carbon dioxide is slowly released and reacts with water, calcium hydroxide and other substances at the interface of the filling material and the crack to repair the crack, and the heat released by the reaction accelerates the release of the carbon dioxide, so that the carbonization reaction is further promoted to form a virtuous cycle.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The specific embodiment provides a preparation method of a concrete self-repairing microcapsule, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing, acid washing and water washing the waste building materials, soaking in a silane coupling agent aqueous solution for 30-60min, filtering and airing to obtain waste building material powder; mixing paraffin, polyethylene wax, the waste building material powder and ethanol, and uniformly stirring at 50-75 ℃ to obtain a coating solution; paraffin, polyethylene wax, waste building material powder and ethanol according to a mass ratio of 1: (0.1-0.2): (0.3-0.5): (3-8) proportioning.
(2) Placing the carbon-fixing material in a vacuum environment at 25-75 ℃, introducing carbon dioxide atmosphere for 1-3h, and uniformly mixing with the water-swellable material to obtain a capsule core material; the mass ratio of the carbon-fixing material to the water-swellable material is (4-2) to 1.
(3) Extruding the capsule core material into rice noodle shape by an extruding device, and then putting the rice noodle shape into a roller of a particle drying device to be rolled into particles; cooling the outer wall of the roller by cooling water, spraying the coating liquid onto the rolling capsule core, continuously rolling for 5-10min after spraying, and air drying to obtain the microcapsule.
Specifically, the waste building materials are one or a mixture of fly ash, steel slag and waste marble powder.
Specifically, the carbon-fixing material is one or a mixture of triamino silane, tetraethylene pentamine and melamine.
Specifically, the water-swellable material is one or a mixture of bentonite, cyclodextrin and polyvinyl alcohol.
The concrete implementation mode also provides self-repairing concrete, and the self-repairing concrete comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 73-167kg/m of cement 3 256 to 327kg/m of mineral powder 3 100-150 kg/m of water 3 12-25 kg/m of microcapsule prepared by the scheme 3 Crushed ice of 20-50kg/m 3 850-1000 kg/m of broken stone 3 700-900 kg/m of sand 3 12-58 kg/m of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent 3 。
Example 1
Preparing a microcapsule wall material: crushing, acid washing and water washing the fly ash, soaking in a silane coupling agent aqueous solution for 30min, filtering and airing; mixing paraffin, polyethylene wax, the treated fly ash powder and ethanol according to a mass ratio of 1:0.1:0.3:3, carrying out proportioning on the raw materials, stirring at 50 deg.C to obtain coating solution.
Preparing a microcapsule core material: and (3) placing the triaminosilane in a vacuum environment under 25 ℃, introducing a carbon dioxide atmosphere for 1h, and then uniformly mixing the triaminosilane with the bentonite, wherein the mass ratio of the triaminosilane to the bentonite is 4:1.
Preparing microcapsules: fully mixing the capsule core materials, extruding the mixture into rice noodle shapes by an extruding device, and then putting the rice noodle shapes into a roller of a microparticle drying device to be rolled into granules; cooling with cooling water, spraying the coating solution onto the rolling capsule core, rolling for 5min, and air drying to obtain microcapsule.
The self-repairing concrete comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 167kg/m of cement 3 256kg/m of mineral powder 3 150kg/m of water 3 Microcapsules 18kg/m 3 Crushed ice 50kg/m 3 880kg/m of crushed stone 3 880kg/m of sand 3 33kg/m of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent 3 . The cement is ordinary portland cement, the mineral powder is S95 grade mineral powder, the broken stone is 5-25 mm continuous gradation, and the sand is medium sand with fineness modulus of 2, 3-2.8 and mud content of less than 2%.
Example 2
Preparing a microcapsule wall material: crushing, pickling and washing the steel slag, soaking the steel slag in a silane coupling agent aqueous solution for 60min, and filtering and airing the steel slag; paraffin, polyethylene wax, steel slag and ethanol are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:0.2:0.5:8, mixing, and stirring uniformly at 75 ℃ to obtain the coating liquid.
Preparing a microcapsule core material: placing melamine in a vacuum environment at 75 ℃, introducing carbon dioxide atmosphere for 3h, and then uniformly mixing the melamine with cyclodextrin, wherein the mass ratio of the melamine to the cyclodextrin is 2:1.
Preparing microcapsules: fully mixing the capsule core materials, extruding the mixture into rice noodle shapes by an extruding device, and then putting the rice noodle shapes into a roller of a microparticle drying device to be rolled into granules; cooling with cooling water, spraying the coating solution onto the rolling capsule core, rolling for 10min, and air drying to obtain microcapsule.
The self-repairing concrete comprises the following components in percentage by weight: cement 100kg/m 3 320kg/m of mineral powder 3 135kg/m of water 3 Microcapsules 20kg/m 3 Crushed ice 35kg/m 3 900kg/m of crushed stone 3 800kg/m of sand 3 50kg/m of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent 3 . The cement is ordinary portland cement, the mineral powder is S95-grade mineral powder, the broken stone is 5-25 mm continuous gradation, and the sand is medium sand with fineness modulus of 2, 3-2.8 and mud content of less than 2%.
Example 3
Preparing a microcapsule wall material: crushing, acid washing and water washing the stone powder, soaking in a silane coupling agent aqueous solution for 45min, filtering and airing; paraffin, polyethylene wax, stone powder and ethanol are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:0.1:0.4:6, mixing, and stirring uniformly at 65 ℃ to obtain the coating liquid.
Preparing a microcapsule core material: placing tetraethylenepentamine in a vacuum environment at 55 ℃, introducing a carbon dioxide atmosphere for 2h, and uniformly mixing with polyvinyl alcohol, wherein the mass ratio of the tetraethylenepentamine to the polyvinyl alcohol is 3:1.
Preparing microcapsules: fully mixing the capsule core materials, extruding the mixture into a rice noodle shape through an extruding device, and then putting the rice noodle shape into a roller of a particle drying device to be rolled into particles; cooling with cooling water, spraying the coating solution onto the rolling capsule core, rolling for 8min, and air drying to obtain microcapsule.
The self-repairing concrete comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 142kg/m cement 3 300kg/m of mineral powder 3 120kg/m of water 3 Microcapsules 18kg/m 3 20kg/m of crushed ice 3 850kg/m of crushed stone 3 900kg/m of sand 3 45kg/m of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent 3 . The cement is ordinary portland cement, the mineral powder is S95 grade mineral powder, the broken stone is 5-25 mm continuous gradation, and the sand is medium sand with fineness modulus of 2.3-2.8 and mud content of less than 2%.
Experimental control: three groups of concrete blocks with the sizes of 100mm multiplied by 100mm are prepared according to the examples 1-3 and the comparative example (without adding the self-repairing capsules), and the compression strength test is carried out according to GB/T50081-2019 'concrete mechanical property test method Standard'. Selecting a first group of test blocks, curing for 7 days, and then testing the compressive strength; selecting a second group of concrete test blocks, curing for 28 days, and testing the compressive strength; and selecting a third group of concrete test blocks, curing for 7 days, and then carrying out a pressure test, wherein the test pressure is 85% of the compressive strength of the first group of test blocks, so that microcracks are generated inside the group of concrete test blocks, and the compressive strength of the group of concrete test blocks is detected again after the concrete test blocks are continuously cured for 21 days, and the specific test data are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table, by comparing the first and second sets of data, the addition of the self-repairing capsules has no adverse effect on the strength of the concrete; it can be seen from the third group of data that the strength of the comparative example without the self-repairing capsule is obviously reduced after the pre-pressing damage, and the self-repairing capsule has a beneficial effect on the recovery of the concrete strength.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a concrete self-repairing microcapsule is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Crushing, acid washing and water washing the waste building materials, soaking in a silane coupling agent aqueous solution for 30-60min, filtering and airing to obtain waste building material powder; mixing paraffin, polyethylene wax, the waste building material powder and ethanol, and uniformly stirring at 50-75 ℃ to obtain a coating solution;
(2) Placing the carbon-fixing material in a vacuum environment at 25-75 ℃, introducing carbon dioxide atmosphere for 1-3h, and uniformly mixing with the water-swellable material to obtain a capsule core material;
(3) Extruding the capsule core material into rice noodle shape by an extruding device, and then putting the rice noodle shape into a roller of a particle drying device to be rolled into particles; spraying the coating liquid onto the rolling capsule core, and airing to obtain a microcapsule;
the waste building materials in the step 1 are one or any mixture of fly ash, steel slag and waste marble powder; paraffin, polyethylene wax, waste building material powder and ethanol according to a mass ratio of 1: (0.1-0.2): (0.3-0.5): (3-8) proportioning;
in the step 2, the carbon fixing material is one or any mixture of triamino silane, tetraethylenepentamine and melamine; the water-swellable material is one or any mixture of bentonite, cyclodextrin and polyvinyl alcohol.
2. The preparation method of the concrete self-repairing microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon-fixing material to the water-swellable material in the step 2 is (4-2): 1.
3. The preparation method of the concrete self-repairing microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the roller is cooled by cooling water before spraying in step 3.
4. The preparation method of the concrete self-repairing microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the rolling is continued for 5-10min after the spraying in the step 3.
5. The self-repairing concrete is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 73-167kg/m of cement 3 256 to 327kg/m of mineral powder 3 100-150 kg/m of water 3 12 to 25kg/m of the microcapsule obtained by the production method according to claim 1 3 Crushed ice of 20-50kg/m 3 850-1000 kg/m of broken stone 3 700-900 kg/m of sand 3 12-58 kg/m of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent 3 。
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| CN116637913A (en) * | 2023-05-26 | 2023-08-25 | 武汉建工集团股份有限公司 | Device and method for regenerating concrete carbon-reinforced large-area adsorption mineralization |
| CN118666542A (en) * | 2024-08-26 | 2024-09-20 | 西南石油大学 | Enzymatic self-healing concrete and preparation method thereof |
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