CN115067364B - 高效低毒低残留风险生物-化学协同增效杀菌组合物及应用 - Google Patents
高效低毒低残留风险生物-化学协同增效杀菌组合物及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高效低毒低残留风险生物‑化学协同增效杀菌组合物及应用，属于农药复配技术领域。该杀菌组合物的有效成分为覆盆子叶片提取液与丙硫菌唑二元复配。本发明以葡萄炭疽病菌为供试菌，采用菌丝生长速率法，测定了覆盆子叶片提取液与丙硫菌唑对葡萄炭疽病菌的毒力。结果表明，在离体条件下测定覆盆子叶片提取液与丙硫菌唑配比筛选，结果表明当覆盆子叶片提取液与丙硫菌唑的质量比为1:18时，EC50仅为0.0200μg/mL，SR值为2.1105，显著高于其他药剂处理，在防治葡萄炭疽病上比对照处理防效提高13.73‑33.71%；在防治草莓炭疽病上比对照处理防效提高10.87‑30.43%。该药剂能达到减量增效、安全环保的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药复配技术领域，具体涉及一种高效低毒低残留风险生物-化学协同增效杀菌组合物及应用。
背景技术
葡萄(Vitis viniferaL.)是世界上产量最大的水果之一，其产量居世界水果第二位。葡萄种植已成为徐州农业高效农业生产的主要果品项目之一，有力的带动了当地农业及乡村旅游业等第三产业的发展，近几年发展势头较快。徐州葡萄种植规模在江苏全省较大产地之一，面积达10多万亩，产值近10亿元，众业农户达8万多多人；引进20多个葡萄品种，近几年新品种阳光玫瑰、东方蓝宝石、浪漫红颜、妮娜皇后等更新较快；此外对品质升级加快。每年的葡萄上市季节成为城市居民采摘旅游消费的热点，有力拉动当地果农收入和经济发展。
近几年来，本地区鲜食葡萄产业已出现相对的结构性和季节性过剩，造成了销售不畅和效益下滑的现象。其中主要原因，是葡萄优质安全标准化生产程度低，优质果比例不高，特别是农药占了管理成本中的50％以上。由于葡萄生产园，主要生育时期为夏秋季，雨多湿度大，难控的病虫害种类多，以霜霉病、炭疽病、溃疡病、灰霉病、白腐病、叶蝉、粉蚧、金龟子等为主。主要病害常用的药剂以甲氧基丙烯酸类杀菌剂(醚菌酯，吡唑醚菌酯，肟菌酯等)和唑类杀菌剂(多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵、腈菌唑，戊唑醇等)为主。当前，葡萄病害的病原菌对多种化学药剂产生多重抗性，化学药剂防治效果差。尤其在树龄长的园区，抗药性种群基本占主体。
由于在防治方法上几乎都是化学药剂饱和防治，在防治适期上几乎全部凭经验。造成的结果是，葡萄上几乎所有的病原菌对常用化学药剂都产生不同程度的抗(耐)药性。农民不得不加倍剂量、多频次饱和防治；调查结果显示：徐州当地露天葡萄生产周期病虫害防治上一般用药达8-12次，用药种类20多种，亩成本600-1200元，且药害发生频繁，防治工本增加，农药残留污染，安全品质难以保证。由于药剂选择压力高，病原菌的抗药性群体快速上升，导致在病害高发年份防治失败。主要虫害依赖菊酯类、有机磷与烟碱类化学农药为主，部分农药是中等毒或广谱性杀虫剂，虽可防治害虫，但对天敌及地下蚯蚓等有益生物毒性较大，还有地下水污染，不符合绿色环保要求。
中国是世界上最大的草莓生产国，江苏省是草莓种植大省，由于草莓生长结果周期短和种植效益较高，近几年栽培面积不断扩大，在我省农业结构调整中发挥了重要的作用。然而，草莓在育苗期正值夏季高温高湿的易发病时期，定植后进入设施密闭的病菌积累环境，使得草莓炭疽病在育苗期和定植初期成为草莓生产中的重要病害之一。草莓炭疽病Colletotrichum gloeosporioides以分生孢子在发病组织或落地病残体中越冬，并借助雨水、病叶、病果、带菌的操作工具等在田间进行传播，当气温为28℃～32℃，相对湿度在90％以上时，最适合病原菌侵染，属于典型的高温高湿病害，发病时会造成局部病斑或全株萎蔫枯死。多年来，化学药剂防治作物病害产生的农药残留等问题，以及由此导致的相关食品安全问题非常突出，每年仅因蔬菜农药残留超标导致的中毒事故就多达10万人次。因此，不易产生抗性，安全性高的高效低毒低残留风险生物-化学方法被提上议程。
发明内容
本发明目的在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种高效低毒低残留风险生物-化学协同增效杀菌组合物及应用。
为了解决上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：
一种高效低毒低残留风险生物-化学协同增效杀菌组合物，该杀菌组合物的有效成分为覆盆子叶片提取液与丙硫菌唑二元复配。
进一步地，所述覆盆子叶片提取液与丙硫菌唑的质量比为1-18:18-1。优选，所述覆盆子叶片提取液与丙硫菌唑的质量比为1:18。
进一步地，所述杀菌组合物可制成乳油、水分散粒剂、悬浮剂中的任意一种制剂。其中，所述杀菌组合物的质量占整个杀菌制剂质量的28.5％。所述制剂中所用辅料包括分散剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、崩解剂、消泡剂、溶剂、增稠剂、抗冻剂、防腐剂、稳定剂和填料中的至少一种。
上述高效低毒低残留风险生物-化学协同增效杀菌组合物在防治葡萄和草莓炭疽病中的应用。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：本发明以葡萄炭疽病菌为供试菌，采用菌丝生长速率法，测定了覆盆子叶片提取液与丙硫菌唑对葡萄炭疽病菌的毒力。结果表明，在离体条件下测定覆盆子叶片提取液与丙硫菌唑配比筛选，结果表明当覆盆子叶片提取液与丙硫菌唑的质量比为1:18时，EC50仅为0.0200μg/mL，SR值为2.1105，为有效的防治葡萄和草莓炭疽病提供了依据，为葡萄和草莓炭疽病的防治药剂提供了新选择。该药剂能达到减量增效、安全环保的目的。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明技术方案进行详细说明，但是本发明的保护范围不局限于所述实施例。
本发明中，葡萄炭疽病菌(Glomerella cingulata)，采自江苏省徐州正本农业科技发展有限公司葡萄园内，由江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所生态农业研究室分离、鉴定、并保存备用。菌株保存于马铃薯蔗糖琼脂(PDA)斜面上(4℃)。实验室内在PDA培养基平板上转接1次后，于26℃下预培养5d，从菌落边缘取直径5mm菌丝块用于测定。
30％丙硫菌唑可分散油悬浮剂(OP)从商业途径得到。其中，购自安徽久易农业股份有限公司；覆盆子叶片提取液的制备：将风干的覆盆子叶片磨碎，过30目筛。按覆盆子叶片粉末与去离子水(m/m)1:5的比例均匀混合，加热至70～80℃浸提6h，同样方法再浸提2次。将3次浸提液合并，减压浓缩至提取物浓度60mg/mL，得到覆盆子叶片提取液。分别将下列8种处理药剂的母液依次稀释至一定浓度，再将1mL药液与9mL PDA培养基在培养皿内混匀，制成含系列梯度浓度药剂的(见表1)PDA培养基，以无菌水作空白对照(CK)，各处理重复3次。
表1覆盆子叶片提取液、丙硫菌唑与不同配方的浓度设计
| 药剂 | 浓度(μg/mL) |
| 覆盆子叶片提取液 | 3.75，7.5，15，30，60 |
| 丙硫菌唑 | 0.025，0.05，0.1，0.2，0.4 |
| 覆：丙1:6 | 0.125，0.25，0.5，0.1，0.2 |
| 覆：丙1:12 | 0.025，0.05，0.1，0.2，0.4 |
| 覆：丙1:18 | 0.025，0.05，0.1，0.2，0.4 |
| 覆：丙6:1 | 0.5，1，2，4，8 |
| 覆：丙12:1 | 1，2，4，8，16 |
| 覆：丙18:1 | 1.875，3.75，7.5，15，30 |
实施例1杀菌组合物对葡萄炭疽病菌室内毒力测定
25℃条件下培养5d后利用十字交叉法测量各处理菌落直径，以不含杀菌组合物的PDA培养基为对照，每处理重复3次。计算出药剂的抑制百分率，按毒力回归方程Y＝a+bX计算药剂抑制菌丝生长的有效中浓度(EC50)作为毒力参数。结果计算公式：抑制生长率(％)＝(对照菌落直径－处理菌落直径)/(对照菌落净生长量－接种菌柄直径)×100％。
实施例2杀菌组合物对葡萄炭疽病菌的最佳配比离体试验筛选
采用机率值分析法计算每个杀菌剂对靶标菌菌丝生长的有效抑制中浓度，并通过下面公式计算混合药剂的增效系数(SR)。
其中字母a代表药剂A在混合药剂中所占的比例，字母b代表药剂B在混合药剂中所占的比例；EC50(Obs)为实际测定的混合药剂对病原菌的抑制中浓度，EC50(Exp)为混合药剂对病原菌的理论抑制中浓度。通过上面两个公式计算得每个设定比例的配方的SR值，SR＞1.5说明两药剂复配具有增效作用，0.5≤SR≤1.5说明两种药剂之间复配具有相加作用，SR＜0.5表明两种药剂为拮抗作用。
将覆盆子叶片提取液和丙硫菌唑进行复配，采用Wedley法确定其最佳配比。由表2毒力回归曲线方程、抑制中浓度和SR值可以得出覆盆子叶片提取液与丙硫菌唑的比例在1:18的时候，SR值最大为2.1105，此时EC50仅为0.02μg/mL。所以根据试验结果，推荐覆盆子叶片提取液·丙硫菌唑以1:18复配。
表2覆盆子叶片提取液与丙硫菌唑对葡萄炭疽病菌最佳配比筛选
实施例3本申请杀菌剂在防治葡萄和草莓炭疽病中的应用
实施时间及地点：本实施例于2021年6-7月在徐州正本农业科技发展有限公司葡萄园内进行。
将覆盆子叶片提取液与丙硫菌唑按照1:18复配成以下多种杀菌剂剂型，并于葡萄园(避雨栽培)套袋前时进行喷雾处理，处理后28d调查葡萄炭疽病发病情况，并比较各种药剂的杀菌剂活性。
药剂1：以重量百分比计，覆盆子叶片提取液1.5％、丙硫菌唑27％、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚11％、芳基酚聚醚2％、N，N二甲基癸酰胺加至100％，混合物进行气流粉碎，制得28.5％覆盆子叶片提取液·丙硫菌唑乳油。
药剂2：以重量百分比计，覆盆子叶片提取液1.5％、丙硫菌唑27％、烷基萘磺酸盐8％、木质素磺酸钠3％、脂肪醇硫酸盐2％、米淀粉20％、硫酸铵20％、高岭土加至100％，混合制得28.5％覆盆子叶片提取液·丙硫菌唑水分散粒剂。
药剂3：以重量百分比计，覆盆子叶片提取液1.5％、丙硫菌唑27％、聚羧酸盐分散剂2％、脂肪醇磷酸酯5％、烷基萘磺酸盐甲醛缩聚物6％、芳基酚聚醚磷酸酯1.5％、有机硅消泡剂0.3％、黄原胶0.25％、卡松：0.2％，乙二醇5％、去离子水加至100％，混合制得28.5％覆盆子叶片提取液·丙硫菌唑悬浮剂。
对照药剂1：覆盆子叶片提取液500倍液；
对照药剂2：丙硫菌唑1500倍液；
药后28d杀菌剂防效效果见下表所示：
表3各处理对葡萄炭疽病的田间防治效果
注：同列中标注的不同小写字母表示在5％水平上差异显著。
药剂3对葡萄炭疽病的防效相对最好，为93.61％，显著高于其他药剂处理，比对照处理防效提高13.73-33.71％。
实施时间及地点：本实施例于2021年9-10月在徐州正本农业科技发展有限公司草莓园内进行。在草莓定植后5d(2021年9月18日)进行第1次灌根处理，2021年9月24日进行第2次灌根处理，9月30日进行第3次灌根处理。处理设置：同上，每处理4个重复，随机区组排列。
第三次灌根处理后28d，调查各处理死苗株数。
死苗率(％)＝(死苗株数/调查株数)×100％
防效(％)＝(对照死苗率-处理死苗率)/对照死苗率×100％
表4各处理对草莓炭疽病的田间防治效果
注：同列中标注的不同小写字母表示在5％水平上差异显著。
药剂3对草莓炭疽病的防效相对最好，为82.61％，高于其他药剂处理，比对照处理防效提高10.87-30.43％。
如上所述，尽管参照特定的优选实施例已经表示和表述了本发明，但其不得解释为对本发明自身的限制。在不脱离所附权利要求定义的本发明的精神和范围前提下，可对其在形式上和细节上作出各种变化。
Claims (3)
1.一种高效低毒低残留风险生物-化学协同增效杀菌组合物，其特征在于：该杀菌组合物的有效成分为覆盆子叶片提取液与丙硫菌唑二元复配；所述覆盆子叶片提取液与丙硫菌唑的质量比为1:18；
所述丙硫菌唑采用30％丙硫菌唑可分散油悬浮剂；
所述覆盆子叶片提取液的制备：将风干的覆盆子叶片磨碎，过30目筛；按覆盆子叶片粉末与去离子水(m/m)1:5的比例均匀混合，加热至70～80℃浸提6h，同样方法再浸提2次；将3次浸提液合并，减压浓缩至提取物浓度60mg/mL，得到覆盆子叶片提取液；
所述杀菌组合物可制成乳油、水分散粒剂、悬浮剂中的任意一种制剂；
所述杀菌组合物的质量占整个杀菌制剂质量的28 .5%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高效低毒低残留风险生物-化学协同增效杀菌组合物，其特征在于：所述制剂中所用辅料包括分散剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、崩解剂、消泡剂、溶剂、增稠剂、抗冻剂、防腐剂、稳定剂和填料中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高效低毒低残留风险生物-化学协同增效杀菌组合物在防治葡萄和草莓炭疽病中的应用。
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| CN110973169A (zh) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-10 | 安徽农业大学 | 一种覆盆子叶片醇提物生物农药及其制备方法 |
| CN111821397A (zh) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-10-27 | 晒欧国际生物科技(广州)有限公司 | 一种环保型快速杀菌剂 |
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