CN115058897A - 一种串晶尼龙纤维薄膜及其制备方法、纳米发电机、可穿戴设备 - Google Patents

一种串晶尼龙纤维薄膜及其制备方法、纳米发电机、可穿戴设备 Download PDF

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CN115058897A
CN115058897A CN202210748514.XA CN202210748514A CN115058897A CN 115058897 A CN115058897 A CN 115058897A CN 202210748514 A CN202210748514 A CN 202210748514A CN 115058897 A CN115058897 A CN 115058897A
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米皓阳
张志�
尚盈辉
经鑫
冯培勇
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Shenzhen Weijian Wuyou Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及传感材料技术领域,具体涉及一种串晶尼龙纤维薄膜及其制备方法、纳米发电机、可穿戴设备。本发明提供的串晶尼龙纳米纤维薄膜是通过尼龙纤维薄膜在串晶化尼龙溶液中诱导尼龙在纤维表面形成片晶,构筑了具有规则纳米尺度串晶结构的纤维。以本发明提供的串晶尼龙纤维薄膜作为正极,以聚四氟乙烯纤维薄膜等电负性材料作为负极,组装成纳米发电机,由于串晶尼龙纤维薄膜的串晶结构有效提升了薄膜的比表面积,从而增大了正负摩擦层在纳米发电机工作中的有效接触面积,以及材料表面的电荷密度,进而显著提升了纳米发电机的摩擦电输出性能,在自供电传感方面具有很好的应用前景。

Description

一种串晶尼龙纤维薄膜及其制备方法、纳米发电机、可穿戴 设备
技术领域
本发明涉及传感材料技术领域,具体涉及一种串晶尼龙纤维薄膜及其制备方法、纳米发电机、可穿戴设备。
背景技术
随着可穿戴器件和柔性电子的发展,可持续绿色能源正逐渐成为未来移动器件的主要供能模式。摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)是近年开发的一种新型绿色能源收集技术,能够利用灵活的小型器件有效实现自然界中和人们生活中的机械能向电能的转化。TENG是一种基于摩擦生电原理,接触电荷转移现象和静电感应现象开发的新型能源收集器件,能够将日常生活中普遍需要避免的静电效应收集并利用的先进技术,正在被越来越多地应用于风能、波浪、机械振动、人体运动等能量的收集,同时也可以用作各类运动行为的自供电传感。
目前,开发具有高性能的摩擦纳米发电材料和器件是该领域的研究重点。TENG所用摩擦材料选材范围广,通常选用容易失电子而带正电的材料做为正摩擦层,选用容易得电子而带负电的材料做为负摩擦层。正负摩擦层之间的极性相差越大,两种材料接触时产生的感应电荷也越多。此外,摩擦层的微观结构也是影响TENG器件输出性能的重要因素。增大摩擦层的粗糙度能够有效提升材料比表面积与有效接触面积,从而提高摩擦层的电荷密度以及TENG器件的输出性能。因此,选择适宜的摩擦层材料及有效提升摩擦层粗糙度是提升TENG性能的有效手段。目前常使用的诸如干法/湿法刻蚀,模板复刻,原位改性,等离子处理的摩擦层材料制备方法往往存在效率低、成本高的问题,且不易获得微纳层级结构。医用材料领域,存在通过在材料表面形成串晶结构的方式在材料表面形成符合应用场景需求的微观结构,但是通过在材料表面形成串晶结构提升摩擦纳米发电机性能的研究还未见有报道。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术缺陷,本发明的目的之一在于提供一种串晶尼龙纤维薄膜,与容易失电子而带负电的材料,如聚四氟乙烯,组装成摩擦纳米发电机,具有极强的摩擦电输出性能和稳定性。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种串晶尼龙纤维薄膜的制备方法,该方法简单易操作,能够低成本地获得具备串晶结构的尼龙纤维薄膜。
本发明的目的之三在于提供一种纳米发电机,由本发明提供的串晶尼龙纤维薄膜作为正极材料制作而成,具有极强的输出性能和稳定性能。
本发明的目的之四在于提供一种可穿戴设备,以本发明提供的纳米发电机作为传感元件,用于各类运动行为的自供电传感。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种串晶尼龙纤维薄膜的制备方法,包括以下操作步骤:
S1.通过静电纺丝制备尼龙纤维薄膜;
S2.制备串晶诱导溶液:甲酸与水混合配置甲酸/水溶剂,采用甲酸/水溶剂配置尼龙溶液,作为串晶诱导溶液;
S3.将步骤S1制备的尼龙纤维薄膜浸泡在步骤S2制备的串晶诱导溶液中,完成浸泡后取出尼龙纤维薄膜晾干,即完成。
可选的,步骤S2串晶诱导溶液中甲酸与水的体积比为(5.3~5.5):(4.5~4.7)。
可选的,步骤S2串晶诱导溶液为在50℃温度下配置浓度为0.3~0.5wt%的尼龙溶液。
可选的,步骤S3中浸泡时间为10~30分钟。
可选的,步骤S1静电纺丝制备尼龙纤维薄膜的具体方法包括将干燥的尼龙溶解于甲酸溶液中配置尼龙纺丝溶液,将尼龙纺丝溶液装入静电纺丝机制备尼龙纤维,尼龙纤维通过铝箔纸收集,即得尼龙纤维薄膜。
可选的,步骤S1中在50℃温度下配置浓度为15~20wt%的尼龙纺丝溶液;静电纺丝的纺丝针头与铝箔纸之间的工作距离为10~15厘米。进一步的,静电纺丝机在15V电压下,进行静电纺丝1小时。
一种串晶尼龙纤维薄膜,由上述制备方法制备而成。
一种纳米发电机,其正极为在上述串晶尼龙纤维薄膜背面贴附导电电极(可为铜、铝、ITO等材料)制作而成。
可选的,上述纳米发电机的负极可以采用现有技术中使用的容易得电子的电负性材料,例如聚四氟乙烯、聚甲基硅氧烷、聚氯乙烯等;正极与负极之间的间隔距离为1~2mm。
作为优选的,其负极为在聚偏氟乙烯纤维薄膜背面贴附导电电极(可为铜、铝、ITO等材料)制作而成;其中聚偏氟乙烯纤维薄膜的制备方法包括:将充分干燥的聚偏氟乙烯在50~60℃溶解于有机溶剂,例如DMF与丙酮的混合溶剂(DMF与丙酮的比例为3:2),配制浓度为15~25wt%的聚偏氟乙烯溶液,将聚偏氟乙烯溶液装入静电纺丝机,制备聚四氟乙烯纤维薄膜;纤维薄膜通过铝箔纸收集,纺丝针头与收集板之间的工作距离为15厘米。
一种可穿戴设备,由上述纳米发电机作为传感元件制作而成。
本发明有益效果:
本发明提供的串晶尼龙纳米纤维薄膜是通过尼龙纤维薄膜在串晶化尼龙溶液中诱导尼龙在纤维表面形成片晶,从而构筑了具有规则纳米尺度串晶结构的纤维。以本发明提供的串晶尼龙纤维薄膜作为正极,以聚四氟乙烯纤维薄膜等电负性材料作为负极,组装成纳米发电机,由于串晶尼龙纤维薄膜的串晶结构有效提升了薄膜的比表面积,从而增大了正负摩擦层在纳米发电机工作中的有效接触面积,以及材料表面的电荷密度,进而显著提升了纳米发电机的摩擦电输出性能。
进一步的,本发明创造性的优化选择串晶化尼龙溶液的配置温度、溶剂组成、浓度、浸泡时间等,一方面保证溶剂不会溶解尼龙纤维的同时使尼龙容易析出,另一方面尼龙纤维可作为异相成核点诱导串晶化溶液中的尼龙分子在纤维表面结晶,从而形成串晶结构。该形成的具有串晶结构的纤维薄膜作为纳米发电机的负极,能够显著提升纳米发电机的输出性能,在自供电传感方面具有很好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为静电纺丝制备的尼龙纤维薄膜的微观结构示意图;
图2为实施例1制备的串晶尼龙纤维薄膜的微观结构示意图;
图3为实施例2制备的串晶尼龙纤维薄膜的微观结构示意图;
图4为实施例3制备的串晶尼龙纤维薄膜的微观结构示意图;
图5为实施例4制备的聚四氟乙烯纤维薄膜的微观结构示意图;
图6为实施例1制备的串晶尼龙纤维薄膜与实施例1步骤S1制备的尼龙纤维薄膜的XRD对比图谱;
图7为基于实施例1制备的串晶尼龙纤维薄膜与实施例4制备的聚四氟乙烯纤维薄膜制作的纳米发电机的输出电压结果;
图8为基于实施例1制备的串晶尼龙纤维薄膜与实施例4制备的聚四氟乙烯纤维薄膜制作的纳米发电机的输出电流密度结果;
图9为基于实施例1制备的串晶尼龙纤维薄膜与实施例4制备的聚四氟乙烯纤维薄膜制作的纳米发电机的输出电荷密度结果;
图10为基于实施例1步骤S1制备的尼龙纤维薄膜与实施例4制备的聚四氟乙烯纤维薄膜制作的纳米发电机的输出电压结果;
图11为基于实施例1步骤S1制备的尼龙纤维薄膜与实施例4制备的聚四氟乙烯纤维薄膜制作的纳米发电机的输出电流密度结果;
图12为基于实施例1步骤S1制备的尼龙纤维薄膜与实施例4制备的聚四氟乙烯纤维薄膜制作的纳米发电机的输出电荷密度结果;
图13为基于实施例1制备的串晶尼龙纤维薄膜与实施例4制备的聚四氟乙烯纤维薄膜制作的纳米发电机充电22μF电容器并用来点亮LED的结果示意图;
图14为基于实施例1制备的串晶尼龙纤维薄膜与实施例4制备的聚四氟乙烯纤维薄膜制作的纳米发电机充电22μF,47μF和100μF电容器的结果示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种串晶尼龙纤维薄膜,其制备方法的具体操作步骤为:
S1.制备尼龙纤维薄膜
将充分干燥的尼龙在50℃下溶解于甲酸溶剂中,配制浓度为20wt.%的尼龙溶液,将溶液装入针管,采用静电纺丝机在15V电压下,进行静电纺丝1小时,纤维薄膜通过铝箔纸收集,纺丝针头与收集板之间的工作距离为15厘米,制备尼龙纤维薄膜,其微观结构如图1所示;
S2.制备串晶尼龙纤维薄膜
按照体积比5.5:4.5配制甲酸与水混合溶剂,采用该混合溶剂,在50℃下配制浓度为0.5wt%的尼龙串晶诱导溶液,尼龙充分溶解后将尼龙串晶诱导溶液自然冷却至室温;
将步骤S1制备的尼龙纤维薄膜浸入尼龙串晶诱导溶液中保持10分钟取出,自然晾干即可获得串晶尼龙纤维薄膜,其微观结构如图2所示。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种串晶尼龙纤维薄膜,其制备方法的具体操作步骤为:
S1.制备尼龙纤维薄膜
将充分干燥的尼龙在50℃下溶解于甲酸溶剂中,配制浓度为20wt.%的尼龙溶液,将溶液装入针管,采用静电纺丝机在15V电压下,进行静电纺丝1小时,纤维薄膜通过铝箔纸收集,纺丝针头与收集板之间的工作距离为15厘米,制备尼龙纤维薄膜,其微观结构如图1所示;
S2.制备串晶尼龙纤维薄膜
按照体积比5.3:4.7配制甲酸与水混合溶剂,采用该混合溶剂,在50℃下配制浓度为0.5wt%的尼龙串晶诱导溶液,尼龙充分溶解后将尼龙串晶诱导溶液自然冷却至室温;
将步骤S1制备的尼龙纤维薄膜浸入尼龙串晶诱导溶液中保持30分钟取出,自然晾干即可获得串晶尼龙纤维薄膜,其微观结构如图3所示。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种串晶尼龙纤维薄膜,其制备方法的具体操作步骤为:
S1.制备尼龙纤维薄膜
将充分干燥的尼龙在50℃下溶解于甲酸溶剂中,配制浓度为20wt.%的尼龙溶液,将溶液装入针管,采用静电纺丝机在15V电压下,进行静电纺丝1小时,纤维薄膜通过铝箔纸收集,纺丝针头与收集板之间的工作距离为15厘米,制备尼龙纤维薄膜,其微观结构如图1所示;
S2.制备串晶尼龙纤维薄膜
按照体积比5.3:4.7配制甲酸与水混合溶剂,采用该混合溶剂,在50℃下配制浓度为0.5wt%的尼龙串晶诱导溶液,尼龙充分溶解后将尼龙串晶诱导溶液自然冷却至室温;
将步骤S1制备的尼龙纤维薄膜浸入尼龙串晶诱导溶液中保持10分钟取出,自然晾干即可获得串晶尼龙纤维薄膜,其微观结构如图4所示。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种聚四氟乙烯薄膜,其制备方法具体操作步骤为:将充分干燥的聚四氟乙烯在60度下溶解于DMF与丙酮的混合溶剂中(DMF与丙酮的比例为3:2),配制浓度为20wt%的聚四氟乙烯溶液。将溶液装入针管,采用静电纺丝机在15V电压下,进行静电纺丝2小时,通过铝箔纸收集纤维,纺丝针头与收集板之间的工作距离为15厘米,制备聚四氟乙烯纤维薄膜,其微观结构如图5所示。
试验例
1、材料性能对比:如图6所示为本发明实施例1提供的串晶尼龙纳米纤维薄膜和普通尼龙纤维薄膜的XRD图谱。
2、纳米发电机性能检测:
制作纳米发电机:在串晶尼龙纤维薄膜背面贴附导电铜电极作为正极,在聚四氟乙烯纤维薄膜背面贴附导电铜电极作为负极并用导电与正负电极连接。将正负电极分别贴附于柔性塑料膜表面(例如PET薄膜,PI薄膜等),进一步采用胶带进行固定,保持正负摩擦层之间有1~2mm空隙。
按照上述方法采用实施例1提供的串晶尼龙纤维薄膜作为正极,以实施例4提供的聚四氟乙烯纤维薄膜作为负极,制作纳米发电机,检测其输出电压性能,如图7所示;输出电流密度性能,如图8所示;输出电荷密度性能,如图9所示;
按照上述方法采用实施例1步骤S1制备的尼龙纤维薄膜作为正极,以实施例4提供的聚四氟乙烯纤维薄膜作为负极,制作纳米发电机,检测其输出电压性能,如图10所示;输出电流密度性能,如图11所示,输出电荷密度性能,如图12所示;
3、将以实施例1提供的串晶尼龙纤维薄膜作为正极,以实施例4提供的聚四氟乙烯纤维薄膜作为负极,制作的纳米发电机,用于充电22μF电容器,并用来点亮LED灯,结果如图13所示;
将该纳米发电机分别用于充电22μF,47μF和100μF电容器,其充电性能对比结果如图14所示。
由上述试验结果可知,本发明提供的串晶尼龙纳米纤维薄膜通过在纤维表面形成具有规则纳米尺度串晶结构有效提升了薄膜的比表面积,从而增大了正负摩擦层在纳米发电机工作中的有效接触面积,以及材料表面的电荷密度,进而显著提升了纳米发电机的摩擦电输出性能,在自供电传感方面具有很好的应用前景。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种串晶尼龙纤维薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下操作步骤:
S1.通过静电纺丝制备尼龙纤维薄膜;
S2.制备串晶诱导溶液:甲酸与水混合配置甲酸/水溶剂,采用甲酸/水溶剂配置尼龙溶液,作为串晶诱导溶液;
S3.将步骤S1制备的尼龙纤维薄膜浸泡在步骤S2制备的串晶诱导溶液中,完成浸泡后取出尼龙纤维薄膜晾干,即完成。
2.如权利要求1所述的串晶尼龙纤维薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2串晶诱导溶液中甲酸与水的体积比为(5.3~5.5):(4.5~4.7)。
3.如权利要求1所述的串晶尼龙纤维薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2串晶诱导溶液为在50℃温度下配置浓度为0.3~0.5wt%的尼龙溶液。
4.如权利要求1~3任一项所述的串晶尼龙纤维薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中浸泡时间为10~30分钟。
5.如权利要求1~3任一项所述的串晶尼龙纤维薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1静电纺丝制备尼龙纤维薄膜的具体方法包括将干燥的尼龙溶解于甲酸溶液中配置尼龙纺丝溶液,将尼龙纺丝溶液装入静电纺丝机制备尼龙纤维,尼龙纤维通过铝箔纸收集,即得尼龙纤维薄膜。
6.如权利要求5所述的串晶尼龙纤维薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,尼龙纺丝溶液的浓度为15~20wt%;静电纺丝的纺丝针头与铝箔纸之间的工作距离为10~15厘米。
7.一种串晶尼龙纤维薄膜,其特征在于,由上述权利要求1~6所述制备方法制备而成。
8.一种纳米发电机,其特征在于,其正极为在如权利要求7所述的串晶尼龙纤维薄膜背面贴附导电电极制作而成。
9.如权利要求8所述的纳米发电机,其特征在于,其负极为在聚偏氟乙烯纤维薄膜背面贴附导电电极制作而成;其中聚偏氟乙烯纤维薄膜的制备方法包括:将干燥的聚偏氟乙烯溶解于有机溶剂,配制浓度为15~25wt%的聚偏氟乙烯溶液,将聚偏氟乙烯溶液装入静电纺丝机,制备聚四氟乙烯纤维薄膜;纤维薄膜通过铝箔纸收集,纺丝针头与收集板之间的工作距离为10~15厘米。
10.一种可穿戴设备,其特征在于,由如权利要求8~9任一项所述的纳米发电机作为传感元件制作而成。
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