CN115058123A - 一种可食用膜及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可食用膜及其制备方法和应用,所述可食用膜包含以下组分,以质量份数计:明胶4~6份、海藻酸钠0.12~0.2份,增塑剂0.8~1.2份,乳酸链球菌素0.04~0.06份及去离子水90~100份;本发明以明胶和海藻酸钠为基质,以甘油为增塑剂,添加一定浓度的乳酸链球菌素,制备而成可食用膜;所述可食用膜应用于草莓保鲜中。本发明制备的可食用膜透湿性高、透明度低、具有优异的膜力学性能及抑菌效果;本发明制备方法成本低廉、操作简单、绿色环保,可实现大规模生产;可食用膜在草莓保鲜中的应用,能够有效地抑制微生物的生长繁殖,减少草莓在贮藏过程中营养成分的消耗,同时降低有氧呼吸强度,减少贮藏期间的质量损失,同时可保持良好的口感风味,延长货架期。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种保鲜膜,特别涉及一种可食用膜及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
长期以来市面上应用的食品保鲜材料都是石油原料生产的聚乙烯塑料制品。因为其具有较好的阻隔性和机械特性使得塑料制品得到广泛的应用,然而传统的包装材料由于生物降解慢、污染大,导致了严重的环境问题。面对日益严重的资源枯竭、环境污染以及食品安全问题,人们开始把目光转向绿色安全的生物可降解材料。
可食用膜是以天然可食生物大分子物质(如蛋白质、脂质、糖类等)为原料,经混合、涂布、烘干等步骤制得的可食用,可用于食品保鲜,并具有包装保护功能的多孔网络结构的薄膜。可食材料良好的生物相容性,亦可作为抗氧化剂、抗菌剂、风味剂、益生菌等功能性物质的良好载体,不仅能延长食品的保质期,而且可以提高其营养价值,具有良好的应用前景。但目前市面上的可食用膜存在透明度高、透湿性低、机械性能较差,遇湿后易被细菌污染腐败变质等问题。
草莓具有色泽鲜艳、营养丰富以及易被消化吸收等优点,但是其皮薄汁多,储藏性较差,在采收-运输-销售过程中,极易受损伤和腐败变质,使其失去商品价值。草莓的收获时间比较集中,而采摘后在常温下保存时间极短,因此,研究草莓的保鲜技术,延长其储藏时间,对草莓的生产运输和市场调节具有实际意义。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明的目的是提供一种透湿性高、透明度低、具有优异的膜力学性能及抑菌效果的可食用膜;本发明还提供一种可食用膜的制备方法及应用。
技术方案:本发明所述的可食用膜包含以下组分,以质量份数计:明胶4~6份、海藻酸钠0.12~0.2份,增塑剂0.8~1.2份,乳酸链球菌素0.04%~0.06份和去离子水90~100份。
本发明研究发现,采用明胶及海藻酸钠作为主要基质,通过添加一定质量的乳酸链球菌素与明胶、海藻酸钠共混,在甘油单一增塑剂下,制备得到可食膜;所述可食用膜透湿性高,由于明胶及海藻酸钠均属于亲水性天然高分子材料,使得膜基质水蒸气透过率高;在此基础上,乳酸链球菌素的加入会破坏部分分子之间的结构,导致分子之间的空隙变大,使得水蒸气的透过率进一步提高,进而提高了可食用膜的透湿性;所述可食膜膜力学性能好,乳酸链球菌素的添加量对膜力学性能的影响是评价包装材料力学性能的重要指标,包装材料需要具有一定的机械强度才能承受流动过程中的压力,将乳酸链球菌素的含量控制在上述范围内,所制备的可食用膜拉伸力为6.46±1.33,断裂伸长率(EAB%)为13.38±0.042;所述可食用膜透明度低,由于乳酸链球菌素本身就是偏黄的颜色,其渗透进明胶分子的空隙后,可食用膜透明度降低,减少由于光照对食物的不利影响,抑制食物脂质氧化、颜色变化、营养损失等;所述可食用膜对金黄色葡萄球菌和李斯特菌有显著的抑制效果,与靶细胞膜的相互作用是抑菌的关键,抑制细胞壁的生物合成是乳酸链球菌素抑菌的另一种方式。乳酸链球菌素和细菌细胞膜上的质膜磷脂反应导致细胞膜的正常功能破坏。
进一步地,所述增塑剂为甘油中的一种。
本发明所述的可食用膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将明胶放入去离子水中加热搅拌至溶解,得到明胶溶液;
(2)降低明胶溶液温度,然后加入海藻酸钠,继续搅拌至彻底溶解,得到复合溶液;
(3)将复合溶液中加入增塑剂搅拌;
(4)将搅拌后的溶液中加入乳酸链球菌素,室温搅拌,得到保鲜膜溶液;
(5)使用超声脱气将保鲜膜溶液中气泡全部去除;
(6)将保鲜膜溶液倒入亚克力板中,放入烘箱烘干制膜;
(7)将保鲜膜取出,放置于干燥皿中干燥备用。
进一步地,步骤(1)中,所述加热搅拌温度为50~60℃。
进一步地,步骤(1)中,所述降低明胶溶液的温度为35~45℃。
进一步地,步骤(1)中,所述加入增塑剂搅拌的时间为20-30min。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,所述室温搅拌的时间为15-20min。
进一步地,步骤(4)中,所述烘干的温度为35~45℃。
进一步地,步骤(5)中,所述干燥皿中的湿度为50-55%,干燥时间为36-48h。
本发明还提供一种可食用膜在草莓保鲜中的应用。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下效果:(1)本发明的可食用膜透湿性高、透明度低、具有优异的膜力学性能及抑菌效果。(2)本发明的制备方法简单易行、成本低廉、操作简单、绿色环保,可实现大规模生产。(3)可食用膜在草莓保鲜中的应用,可保护草莓的表面,能够有效地抑制微生物的生长繁殖,减少草莓在贮藏过程中营养成分的消耗,同时降低有氧呼吸强度,减少贮藏期间的质量损失,同时可保持良好的口感风味,延长货架期。
附图说明
图1复合膜制备工艺流程图;
图2为本发明可食用膜外观状态图与不增加乳酸链球菌素的可食用膜外观状态对比图;
图3为可食用膜对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果图;A为不增加乳酸链球菌素的可食用膜对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果图;B为本发明可食用膜对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果图;
图4为可食用膜对李斯特菌的抑制效果图;A为本发明可食用膜对李斯特菌的抑制效果图;B为不增加乳酸链球菌素的可食用膜对李斯特菌的抑制效果图;
图5为组1、组2对草莓储藏期内腐败率的影响对比图;
图6为组1、组2对草莓储藏期内失重率的影响对比图;
图7为组1、组2对草莓储藏期内可滴定酸含量的影响对比图;
图8为组1、组2对草莓储藏期内可溶性固形物(TSS)含量的影响对比图;
图9为组1、组2对草莓储藏期内维生素C含量的影响对比图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述。
实施例1
本发明所述的可食用膜包含如下组分,以质量份数计:明胶4份、海藻酸钠0.12份,增塑剂0.8份,乳酸链球菌素0.04份和去离子水100份。
所述的可食用膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)称取4份明胶放入100mL去离子水中,使用恒温磁力搅拌器,温度调至50℃,搅拌至彻底溶解;
(2)将温度降至35℃后,加入0.12份海藻酸钠,继续搅拌至彻底溶解;
(3)加入0.8份甘油搅拌20min;
(4)加入0.04份乳酸链球菌素,室温搅拌20min;
(5)利用超声脱气把气泡彻底脱掉;
(6)取30g的膜溶液倒入亚克力板中放入烘箱35℃烘干;
(7)取出放置湿度在50%的干燥皿中干燥48h备用。
将制备所得的可食用膜应用于草莓保鲜中。
考察添加乳酸链球菌素对可食用膜的透明度、透湿性、抑菌效果的影响,设计对比例1。
对比例1
制备方法与实施例1相同,区别在于未添加乳酸链球菌素。
将实施例1制备的可食用膜与对比例1制备的可食用膜的透明度、透湿性、抑菌效果进行对比。
表1为实施例1与对比例1可食用膜的不透明度与水蒸气渗透率。由表1及图2可知,实施例1所制备的可食用膜颜色较深,不透明度高,可减少由于光照对食物的不利影响,可抑制食物脂质氧化、颜色变化、营养损失;另外,实施例1的水蒸气渗透率高于对比例1,透湿性好;对比例1不透明度及水蒸气渗透率低,不利于食物的保鲜。
表1实施例1及对比例1可食用膜的基本特性
表2为实施例1与对比例1可食用膜对金黄色葡萄球菌及李斯特菌抑菌效果。由表2、图3A、图3B及图4A、图4B可知,实施例1所制备的可食用膜与对比例1所制备的可食用膜相比,实施例1制备的可食用膜对金黄色葡萄球菌及李斯特菌抑制作用显著提高。
表2实施例1及对比例1可食用膜的抑菌效果
乳酸链球菌素添加量对膜力学性能的影响拉伸力和断裂伸长率(EAB)是评价包装材料力学性能的重要指标,包装材料需要具有一定的机械强度才能承受流动过程中的压力,乳酸链球菌素添加量会对膜的力学性能造成不同程度的影响。
考察乳酸链球菌素添加量对膜力学性能的影响,设计对比例2。
对比例2
制备方法与实施例1相同,区别在于添加0.02份乳酸链球菌素。
表3为实施例1及对比例2可食用膜膜力学性能,由表2可知,实施例1所制备的可食用膜的拉伸力随乳酸链球菌素含量添加而达到较高水平,可食用膜的EAB值随乳酸链球菌素含量的增加而降低,具有优良的膜力学性能。而对比例2由于添加较高含量的乳酸链球菌素,导致可食用膜的拉伸力下降,可食用膜的EAB值增高,膜力学性能较差。
表3实施例1及对比例2可食用膜膜力学性能
考察可食用膜对草莓的保鲜能力的影响,设计两组实验,组1为新鲜草莓外包裹可食用膜;组2为裸露组。
草莓的失重率和腐烂率直接反映了其在贮藏过程中质量和新鲜程度的变化,草莓在贮藏过程中进行的有氧呼吸和水分挥发导致草莓的质量变化,微生物污染导致草莓的腐烂率发生变化,因此,失重率和腐烂率一定程度上可以反映草莓的有氧呼吸强度和菌落总数的变化情况。由图5、6可知,组2中草莓在贮藏过程中,失重率与腐烂率显著上升。组1的失重率和腐烂率低于组2,说明复合膜保护了草莓的表面,能够有效地抑制微生物的生长繁殖,减少草莓在贮藏过程中营养成分的消耗,同时降低有氧呼吸强度,减少贮藏期间的质量损失。
草莓果实所含酸主要以有机酸为主,包括苹果酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸等。可滴定酸含量直接影响着草莓果实的风味,其含量的减少是因为呼吸作用导致体内有机物质分解所引起的。由图7可知,组2草莓可滴定酸度含量低于组1。由此说明,保鲜膜处理可以有效的减缓草莓体内有机酸的分解,从而延长了草莓的货架期并保持了其良好的风味。
可溶性固形物(TSS)含量是影响草莓口感风味的重要因素,在一定程度上能够反映出贮藏过程中草莓营养物质的保留情况。贮藏过程中草莓TSS含量的变化总体呈现先上升后下降的趋势,如图8所示,其中组1的草莓TSS含量高于组2,说明组1草莓TSS的消耗速率降低。保鲜膜可以有效抑制草莓自身的呼吸作用,相应的消耗掉的可溶性固形物含量也会随之减少,因此,保鲜膜处理可以延缓草莓中可溶性固形物含量的减少。
果蔬中的维生素C是衡量其营养价值的一个重要指标。由图9可知,在储藏期间,组2草莓维生素C的含量明显低于组1,这是因为草莓用保鲜膜处理后,可以抑制自身的呼吸作用,所以减少了果实中还原型维生素C被氧化的机会,有稳定维生素C的作用,因此,保鲜膜处理后草莓的维生素C含量降低缓慢。
Claims (10)
1.一种可食用膜,其特征在于:所述可食用膜包含以下组分,以质量份数计:明胶4~6份、海藻酸钠0.12~0.2份,增塑剂0.8~1.2份,乳酸链球菌素0.04~0.06份及去离子水90~100份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可食用膜,其特征在于:所述增塑剂为甘油。
3.如权利要求1所述的可食用膜的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将明胶放入去离子水中加热搅拌至溶解,得到明胶溶液;
(2)降低明胶溶液温度,然后加入海藻酸钠,继续搅拌至彻底溶解,得到复合溶液;
(3)将复合溶液中加入增塑剂搅拌;
(4)将搅拌后的溶液中加入乳酸链球菌素,室温搅拌,得到保鲜膜溶液;
(5)使用超声脱气将保鲜膜溶液中气泡全部去除;
(6)将保鲜膜溶液倒入亚克力板中,放入烘箱烘干制膜;
(7)将保鲜膜取出,放置于干燥皿中干燥备用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的可食用膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述加热搅拌温度为50~60℃。
5.根据权利要求3所述的可食用膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述降低明胶溶液温度为降至35~45℃。
6.根据权利要求3所述的可食用膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述加入增塑剂搅拌的时间为20-30min。
7.根据权利要求3所述的可食用膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,所述室温搅拌的时间为15-20min。
8.根据权利要求3所述的可食用膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,所述烘干的温度为35~45℃。
9.根据权利要求3所述的可食用膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中,所述干燥皿中的湿度为50-55%,干燥时间为36-48h。
10.如权利要求1所述的可食用膜,其特征在于:所述可食用膜在草莓保鲜中的应用。
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