CN115053840B - Construction method of dynamic germplasm resource library of buried shellfish - Google Patents
Construction method of dynamic germplasm resource library of buried shellfish Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115053840B CN115053840B CN202210571937.9A CN202210571937A CN115053840B CN 115053840 B CN115053840 B CN 115053840B CN 202210571937 A CN202210571937 A CN 202210571937A CN 115053840 B CN115053840 B CN 115053840B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- preservation
- area
- germplasm
- net
- germplasm resource
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 description 14
- 241001233242 Lontra Species 0.000 description 12
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 241000263298 Paphia <bivalve> Species 0.000 description 10
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 108091064702 1 family Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241000238586 Cirripedia Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010003694 Atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001262059 Meretrix Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000620877 Ruditapes philippinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000037444 atrophy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of a dynamic germplasm resource library of buried shellfish, which comprises the following steps: selecting a land with a flat topography, and arranging a protective shed and a germplasm resource library protection area warning mark on the sea surface; the germplasm preservation area carries out regional preservation of a plurality of purse seine areas, each purse seine preservation area is buried in a fusiform along the direction of tide, and the distance between the fusiform purse seine preservation areas is 5m; covering the net in the spindle-shaped preservation area and fixing the net in a wood pile buried in the purse net area; selecting wild conservation individuals, and putting the optimized group breeding offspring and family breeding offspring into a germplasm fusiform purse net conservation area respectively; marking the storage area by a laser-printed label ribbon; and (5) cultivation management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preservation of germplasm of marine buried shellfish on a small water surface, in particular to a construction method of a dynamic germplasm resource library of buried shellfish with a sediment content of >40% in life.
Background
The largest sea shellfish culture industry in China is about 70% of the total aquaculture amount, wherein the sea shellfish accounts for 98%, the clam yield is about 24.7 ten thousand tons, and the buried shellfish occupies an important part in economic shellfish. Buried economic shellfish is also the best economic variety in the marine pasture, is fed by marine microalgae and granular organic debris, is suitable for ecological cultivation in offshore and offshore large sea areas, and has little influence on other species resources.
The most economic and research values of the northern gulf-buried shellfish mainly comprise high-value bivalve shellfish mainly comprising Rex clam, phragmitis clam, paphia clam, and the like, the phenomena of multiple species shellfish resource atrophy and germplasm degeneration exist in the development of the modern shellfish industry, and great difficulties appear in the development of work such as breeding tracking and recapturing of offspring breeding, later functional gene positioning, and gene purification of geographical population by scientific researchers under the prior art level.
The main method for preserving the seeds at the present stage is to preserve living bodies, embryos, frozen sperms (or cell lines), genomes or certain specific genes, but due to the fact that the related technology is widely applied to large land organisms such as livestock and poultry, the application of the related technology is less in ocean benthic shellfish, the shellfish varieties are more, the workload is larger, the living body preservation is the most basic and direct resource preservation mode, and how to establish a set of buried benthic shellfish dynamic germplasm resource library construction method is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for regional germplasm preservation and cultivation of buried shellfish according to physiological and living habits of the buried shellfish and by combining with the results of years of bottom sowing and facility cultivation test of the inventor, the method not only can stably obtain original geographical population and breeding excellent strain parents, but also can reduce the influence of other varieties on germplasm preservation objects according to regional preservation management of different geographical populations, family breeding and group breeding.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a construction method of a dynamic germplasm resource library of buried shellfish comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting a land with a flat topography, and arranging a protective shed and a germplasm resource library protection area warning mark on the sea surface;
2) The germplasm preservation area carries out regional preservation of a plurality of purse seine areas, each purse seine preservation area is buried in a fusiform along the direction of tide, and the distance between the fusiform purse seine preservation areas is 5m; covering the net in the spindle-shaped preservation area and fixing the net in a wood pile buried in the purse net area;
3) Selecting wild conservation individuals, and putting the optimized group breeding offspring and family breeding offspring into a germplasm fusiform purse net conservation area respectively; marking the storage area by a laser-printed label ribbon;
4) And (5) cultivation management.
In the preferred technical scheme as the technical scheme, in the step 1), the flat-land culturing field is characterized in that the gradient of the seabed of the culturing field is less than 20%, the culturing field is far away from a channel, no pollution is caused by sewage and is far away from a domestic sewage discharge port, the refund water level during a large tide is more than 2m, the annual wave height of the culturing field is less than 5m, no dark current exists on the seabed, and the salinity of seawater is more than 25% throughout the year.
In step 1), the warning mark of the protection area of the germplasm resource library is a warning buoy which is arranged on the periphery of the protection area of the germplasm resource library and is attached with a reflective strip.
As the preferable technical scheme of the technical scheme, in the step 2), the shuttle-shaped purse net area is 10m wide and 60m long, net pieces are fixed by piling, the distance between every two wood piles is 1m, the net pieces are embedded into the seabed by 0.5m, the net pieces are 0.5m higher than the seabed, net holes of the purse net are 1.0cm multiplied by 1.0cm, the aperture of the net piece of the cover net is 2.0cm multiplied by 2.0cm, and the net pieces are made of pure polyester materials with smooth surfaces and can reduce net piece attachments.
As the preferable technical scheme of the technical scheme, in the step 2), piling is carried out at intervals of 2 meters in the shuttle-shaped purse net area, and the shuttle-shaped purse net area is used for fixing the cover net and avoiding the drop of the cover net.
In the step 3), the germplasm preservation object is a wild individual with complete shell, large mass and good phenotype; or cultivated individuals with excellent cultivated growth characteristics and obvious growth advantages in various stages of cultivation and cultivation; or individuals or populations that are artificially bred.
In the step 3), wild individuals are put in as basic groups of the dynamic germplasm resource library, the preservation area is provided with different species and different geographical groups according to the difference of preservation objects and acquisition areas, and seed and offspring germplasm preservation areas with the density of 10-40 per m are selected 2 。
As a preferable technical scheme, the specific process of the step 3) is as follows: and (3) suspending corrosion-resistant marking cards on the purse net and the wood piles of each fusiform area, wherein the marking cards adopt pp plastics with seawater corrosion resistance as raw materials, and the marking cards record parent sources of breeding individuals or the sea-catching areas and time of wild populations in a preservation area, a breeding method, offspring throwing time, average throwing specifications and the like.
In the preferred technical scheme, in step 4), the cultivation management is as follows:
regularly sampling, carrying out growth performance on individuals in the preservation area, and recording the growth condition of each germplasm preservation population or family corresponding to the labels one by one;
detecting the related functional genes of the breeding varieties and recording the corresponding functional genes;
observing the tide, and properly reinforcing the purse net; diving to check whether attachments exist on the shellfish body or the water pipe part, and timely performing physical removal to enable individuals with damage in the removal process to move into a temporary land culture area for conservation management, wherein severely damaged individuals move out of a germplasm storage area and are not used as storage objects; the damage condition of the purse net is checked regularly, repair or replacement is carried out, crabs and carnivorous fishes in the seed-retaining grid are removed or driven out, and attachments on the surface of the purse net are cleaned regularly every month.
The preferable technical scheme adopted by the technical scheme further comprises the following steps:
5) Collection and use of germplasm preservation objects: digging corresponding germplasm preservation objects as required in spring, autumn and winter buried shellfish breeding seasons to be used as breeding parents or scientific research materials; the excavating mode utilizes manual excavating, and the excavating process is not suitable for a large-scale high-pressure water gun.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the process has scientific and reasonable operation flow and strong operability, reduces the influence of other varieties on the germplasm preservation object, improves the survival rate of the germplasm preservation object, can effectively provide excellent germplasm in the artificial seedling breeding process, and fills the blank of preservation of the marine germplasm industry.
The invention reduces the loss of the genome of the individuals with excellent culture characteristics in the culture and harvesting process through the partition management of the buried shellfish, simultaneously carries out culture and seed preservation on the wild population, and forcefully improves the quality of local fine seeds through the breeding and purification of the original population; compared with the method which only purchases wild individuals as parents, the method better saves the germplasm genes with excellent breeding characters and high quality; aiming at different geographical populations, family breeding and regional preservation management of population breeding, the breeding objects can be purposefully recaptured, the breeding of F2 generation and F3 generation can be carried out, and the gene difference analysis of the offspring and the female parent can be carried out. The invention has great promotion effect on industrialized development of the submerged shellfish, creative and high practical value, and has important significance on protecting and developing ocean resources, prospering economy, avoiding germplasm degradation and implementing sustainable development strategy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the division of the storm-resistant net wall, the seed-sowing storage area and the seed basket-type storage area provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
s1: site selection and alert flag setup
The sea area cultivation field with small stormy waves, flat land and sediment with sand content of more than 60 percent is selected, the seabed gradient of the cultivation field is less than 12 percent, the cultivation field is far away from a channel, the cultivation area without pollution of sewage and net cage for fish cultivation is far away from a domestic sewage discharge port, the refund water level during large tide is more than 2.5m, the annual wave height of the cultivation field is less than 5m, the seabed has no dark current, and the seawater salinity is more than 25 all the year round.
The sea surface is provided with a protective shed and a germplasm resource library protection area banner, and an alarm buoy is arranged on the periphery of the germplasm protection sea area, and reflective strips are attached to the buoy to remind the fish boat to pass through, so that the fish boat is prevented from being towed off the net and damaging the purse net.
S2: arrangement of partition purse net
The germplasm preservation areas are subjected to regional preservation in multiple areas, each preservation area is embedded in a rectangle along the direction of tide, the width is 10m, the length is 50m, meshes are fixed by piling, the distance between every two wood piles is 1m, the meshes are embedded into the sea bottom by 0.5m, the meshes are 0.5m higher than the sea bottom, and meshes of the polyethylene meshes are 1.0cm multiplied by 1.0cm; piling at intervals of 2 meters in the rectangular purse net area for fixing the cover net and avoiding the drop of the cover net; each save area is 5m apart; each wild geographic population and family breeding offspring are respectively put into different germplasm preservation areas, each preservation area is marked by a label ribbon printed by laser, the label board is made of pp plastic resistant to seawater corrosion, parent sources of individuals in the preservation areas are recorded on the label board, and the capturing mode, time and place of the wild population, the time and specification of offspring throwing and the like are recorded;
s3: selection and delivery of objects stored in bottom sowing quality storage area
When tide water is withdrawn to the lowest level for 3 months and 12 days, a diver puts the storage objects into each storage area, and the storage objects are not put at the positions 1m around the purse net.
Wild individuals captured by the bottom sowing culture preservation object of the otter clams from the diving of the south sea are put in the density of 10/m 2 The preferable body is large in mass, the shell height is obviously higher than that of other individuals, the average body mass is 42.8g, the contraction capacity of the water pipe is strong, the water is sprayed from the water outlet pipe forcefully, and the meat quality is thick;
the object of the bottom sowing cultivation and preservation of the blunt-decorated clams is the individual dug by a trawl or diving in the northern bay area, and the throwing density is 30 per m 2 The shell is large, the average body weight is 21.75g, sand is quickly immersed, no crack exists on the shell surface, and the shell surface patterns are obvious;
the brocade paphia is a wild individual with a density of 30 pieces/m, which is obtained by diving, digging or trawl in northern bay area 2 The shell is large, the average body mass is 18.42g, the shell surface is smooth, the patterns are obvious, the shell is closed without an opening, the shrinkage water pipe is powerful, and the shell is quickly and completely retracted into the shell when the shell is tightly closed.
The breeding offspring storage area of the otter clams is a preferable family breeding individual, and the growth speed of the otter clams in the intermediate breeding process is checked regularlyThe method is quick in speed, 1 family of normal shell type without deformity is put in, the middle culture and seedling raising seeds (650 grains/kg) of the otter clam family are put in, and the density of the put-in seeds is 20 grains/m 2 ；
After the preservation object is put in, the preservation area is covered with a net, the net is made of polyethylene net sheets, the aperture is 2cm multiplied by 2cm, and 3mm polyethylene ropes are sewn.
S4: cultivation management
Sampling regularly every month, measuring the growth performance of individuals in a preservation area, and recording the growth condition of each germplasm preservation population or family corresponding to the labels one by one;
every 5 days diving, checking whether attachments exist on the shellfish body or the water pipe part in the breeding area, and timely and physically removing the shellfish body or the water pipe part, transferring the individuals damaged in the removing process into the land temporary breeding area for rest management, and transferring the severely damaged individuals out of the germplasm preservation area. Meanwhile, the purse net is inspected, attachments on the surface of the purse net are removed, the purse net is affected by southwest waves in the area of the North bay in the late 6 th month, the joints of the various quality preservation areas on one side far away from the shore are damaged to different degrees, and the pipe-raising personnel timely remove and drive the crabs and the trash fish entering the purse net and repair the damaged purse net. The density distribution condition of the 8-shaped water pipes of the stored objects is slightly lower than that of other stored areas, and the loss of the brocade paphia clams under the influence of tides is serious due to shallow sand diving. And (3) for 5-7 months, the salinity of the seawater is more than 32 per mill, barnacles grow on the purse net, and the barnacles are physically shoveled by an iron shovel. 9 months, a great amount of filiform algae grows, and a diver washes and cleans the filiform algae by using a brush.
S5: collection and use of germplasm preservation objects
Harvesting the germplasm preservation areas in four batches in the middle of 9 months, using the culture preservation areas as breeding or breeding parents, and according to the distribution condition of water inlet and water outlet of the 8-shaped culture preservation object, manually picking blunt-decorated clams and brocade paphia clams, spraying sand layers beside the culture object by using a small air pressure air jet pipe, quickly pulling out individuals after exposing shellfish bodies, avoiding the clams from quickly submerging into deeper substrates, and being not applicable to large-scale high-pressure water guns in the picking process.
265.11kg of otter clam parents are harvested in a northern bay original population preservation area, the average body mass is about 81.33g, and the survival rate is 85.53%; 325.88kg of brocade paphia clams, the average body mass is about 38.46g, and the survival rate is 73.55%; 600.26kg of the blunt-decorated clam parents are harvested in the bottom sowing preservation area, the average body mass is about 62.5g, and the survival rate is 83.37%.
The F1 generation adult kg of the clam family is harvested, the average body mass is about 45.45g, and the survival rate is 56.28%.
Example 2:
a construction method of a dynamic germplasm resource library of buried shellfish comprises the following steps:
s1: site selection and alert flag setup
The sea area cultivation field with small stormy waves, flat land and sediment with sand content of more than 60 percent is selected, the seabed gradient of the cultivation field is less than 12 percent, the cultivation field is far away from a channel, the cultivation field is free of pollution caused by oil dirt and free of net cage fish cultivation, and is far away from a domestic sewage discharge port, the refund water level during a large tide is more than 2.5m, the annual wave height of the cultivation field is less than 5m, the seabed is free of dark current, and the seawater salinity is more than 25 per mill.
The sea surface is provided with a protective shed and a germplasm resource library protection area banner, and an alarm buoy is arranged on the periphery of the germplasm protection sea area, and reflective strips are attached to the buoy to remind the fish boat to pass through, so that the fish boat is prevented from being towed off the net and damaging the purse net.
S2: arrangement of partition purse net
The germplasm preservation areas are preserved in a plurality of areas in a partitioning mode, each preservation area is buried in a spindle mode along the direction of tide, the spindle shape is 10m wide and 60m long, meshes are fixed by piling, the distance between every two wood piles is 1m, the meshes are buried in the sea floor by 0.5m and are 0.5m higher than the sea bottom, and meshes of the purse net meshes are 1.0cm multiplied by 1.0cm; the cover net and the purse net are made of net sheets made of pure polyester materials, so that the influence of the purse net and the cover net attachments on water flow in a storage area is reduced; the distance between the preservation areas is 5m; each wild geographic population, family breeding offspring and population breeding offspring are respectively put into different germplasm preservation areas, each preservation area is marked by a laser-printed label ribbon, the label board is made of pp plastic with seawater corrosion resistance, the parent sources of individuals selected and bred in the preservation areas on the label board or the sea area and time of capturing of the wild population, the breeding method, offspring seedling throwing and breeding time, average throwing specification and the like;
s3: selection and delivery of objects stored in bottom sowing quality storage area
Wild individuals captured by the bottom sowing culture preservation object of the otter clams from the diving of the south sea are put in the density of 10/m 2 The preferable body is large in mass, the shell height is obviously higher than that of other individuals, the average body mass is 46.33g, the water pipe has strong contractibility, the water outlet pipe is forceful in spraying water, and the meat quality is thick;
the object of the bottom sowing cultivation and preservation of the blunt-decorated clams is the individual dug by a trawl or diving in the northern bay area, and the throwing density is 30 per m 2 The shell is large, the average body weight is 28.25g, sand is quickly immersed, no crack exists on the shell surface, and the shell surface patterns are obvious;
the brocade paphia is a wild individual with a density of 30 pieces/m, which is obtained by diving, digging or trawl in northern bay area 2 The shell is large in size, the average body weight is 23.67g, the shell surface is smooth, the patterns are obvious, the shell is closed without an opening, the shrinkage water pipe is powerful, and the shell is completely retracted into the shell when the shell is tightly closed.
The breeding offspring storage area of the otter clams is a preferable family breeding individual, the growth speed of the otter clams in the intermediate breeding process is checked regularly, 1 family of F1 generation and 1 family of F2 generation with normal shell type and no deformity are checked, the intermediate breeding seed (460 grains/kg) of the otter clams family is put in, and the putting density is 15 grains/m 2 ；
F1 generation of the group breeding of the Ruditapes philippinarum is selected, preferably, individuals with the highest growth speed and the earliest individual quality of 500/kg in the same cultivation period are cultivated in the middle of a sea area and put in, and the put-in density is 40 grains/m 2 ；
F1 generation of the paphia meretrix linnaeus group breeding is carried out, preferably, individuals with the highest growth speed and the earliest individual quality of 500/kg in the same cultivation period are cultivated in the middle of a sea area, and the feeding density is 40 grains/m 2 ；
After the preservation object is put in, the spindle-shaped preservation area is covered with a net, the net is made of pure polyester material with smooth surface, and the polyethylene ropes with the aperture of 2cm multiplied by 2cm and 3mm are sewn.
S4: cultivation management
The sea surface is provided with a protective shed and a germplasm resource library protection area banner, and an alarm buoy is arranged on the periphery of the germplasm protection sea area, and reflective strips are attached to the buoy to remind the fish boat to pass through, so that the fish boat is prevented from being towed off the net and damaging the purse net.
Regularly sampling, carrying out growth performance on individuals in the preservation area, and recording the growth condition of each germplasm preservation population or family corresponding to the labels one by one; and detecting the related functional genes of the breeding varieties and recording the detected functional genes correspondingly.
Diving to check whether attachments exist on the shellfish body or the water pipe part in the breeding area, and timely performing physical cleaning to enable individuals with damage in the cleaning process to move into the land temporary breeding area for rest management, and individuals with serious damage to move out of the germplasm preservation area.
Periodically checking the purse net, wherein the salinity of seawater is more than 32 per mill, a small amount of barnacles grow on the purse net, the adhesion amount of a polyethylene net sheet is about 30 percent in the same period, individuals are small and easy to fall off, and physically brushing the purse net by an iron brush; the filiform algae only grows on the stake, and the diver washes and clears the stake by using a brush. The purse net is basically free from cracks, only a small number of small crabs with shapes smaller than meshes enter the germplasm preservation net area, and the influence on large shellfish is small.
S5: collection and use of germplasm preservation objects
Harvesting the germplasm preservation area in eight batches in the middle of 9 months, using the germplasm preservation area as breeding or breeding parents, and according to the distribution condition of water inlet and water outlet of the 8-shaped culture preservation object, manually digging blunt-decorated clams and brocade paphia clams, spraying sand layers beside the culture object by using a small air pressure air jet pipe, quickly pulling out individuals after exposing shellfish bodies, avoiding the clams from quickly submerging into deeper substrates, and being not applicable to large-scale high-pressure water guns in the digging process.
470.13kg of otter clam parents are harvested in a northern bay original population preservation area, the average body mass is 98.69g, and the survival rate is 96.4%; 549.92kg of brocade paphia clams, with an average mass of 47.62g and a survival rate of 93.55%; 631.37kg of the blunt-decorated clam parents are harvested in the bottom sowing preservation area, the average body weight is 66.67g, and the survival rate is 98.12%.
285.74kg of F1 generation adult of the otter clam family is harvested, the average body mass is 64.33g, and the survival rate is 66.45%; 324.60kg of F2 generation adult of the otter clam family, wherein the average body mass is 72.85g, and the survival rate is 69.45%; harvesting 351.14kg of F1 generation adults from the paphia pastoris population in the bottom sowing storage area, wherein the average body mass is 30.25, and the survival rate is 67.37%; and (5) harvesting 551.74kg of F1 generation adults bred by the group of the fixed clams in the bottom sowing preservation area, wherein the average body mass is 42.58g, and the survival rate is 73.78%.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A construction method of a dynamic germplasm resource library of buried shellfish is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Selecting a cultivation site with a flat topography, and arranging a protective shed and a germplasm resource library protection area warning mark on the sea surface;
the submarine gradient of the flat-terrain cultivation field is <20%, the cultivation field is far away from a waterway, no pollution is caused by sewage and is far away from a domestic sewage discharge port, the refund water level during a large tide is >2m, the annual wave height of the cultivation field is <5m, no dark current exists on the seabed, and the seawater salinity is >25% all the year round;
2) The germplasm resource library protection area performs partition preservation of a plurality of purse net preservation areas, each purse net preservation area is buried in a fusiform along the direction of tide, and the distance between the fusiform purse net preservation areas is 5m; covering the net in the spindle-shaped preservation area and fixing the net in a wood pile buried in the spindle-shaped purse net preservation area;
3) Selecting wild conservation individuals, and putting the optimized group breeding offspring and family breeding offspring into the fusiform purse net conservation area respectively; marking the fusiform purse net storage area by using a laser-printed label ribbon;
4) And (5) cultivation management.
2. The method for constructing a dynamic germplasm resource pool of buried shellfish according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the germplasm resource pool protection zone warning mark means that a germplasm resource pool protection zone banner is set, a warning buoy is set at the periphery of a sea area of the germplasm resource pool protection zone, and a reflective strip is attached to the buoy.
3. The construction method of the dynamic germplasm resource library of the buried shellfish according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the preservation area of the fusiform purse net is 10m in width and 60m in length, meshes are fixed by piling, the distance between every two wood piles is 1m, the meshes are buried in the seabed by 0.5m, the meshes are 0.5m higher than the seabed, meshes of the purse net are 1.0cm multiplied by 1.0cm, the aperture of the mesh cover is 2.0cm multiplied by 2.0cm, and the mesh is made of pure polyester materials with smooth surfaces and can reduce the attachment of the meshes.
4. The construction method of the dynamic germplasm resource library of the buried shellfish according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), pile piles are piled at intervals of 2 meters in a fusiform purse net protection area and are used for fixing a cover net to avoid falling of the cover net.
5. The method for constructing a dynamic germplasm resource library of buried shellfish according to claim 1, wherein the germplasm preservation object in step 3) is a wild individual with complete shell shape, large mass and good phenotypic character; or cultivated individuals with excellent cultivated growth characteristics and obvious growth advantages in various stages of cultivation and cultivation; or individuals or populations that are artificially bred.
6. The method for constructing a dynamic germplasm resource pool of buried shellfish according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), wild preservation individuals are put in as a basic group of the dynamic germplasm resource pool, and the germplasm resource pool protection area is set to be different according to the difference between preservation objects and acquisition areasSeed and different geographical population, seed and offspring seed germplasm resource library protection area, and the put density in the germplasm resource library protection area is 10-40/m 2 。
7. The method for constructing a dynamic germplasm resource pool of buried shellfish according to claim 1, wherein in step 4), the cultivation management is:
regularly sampling, performing growth performance on individuals in the fusiform purse net preservation area, and recording the growth condition of each germplasm preservation population or family one by one corresponding to the labels;
detecting the related functional genes of the breeding varieties and recording the corresponding functional genes;
observing the tide, and properly reinforcing the purse net; diving to check whether attachments exist on the shellfish body or the water pipe part, and timely performing physical removal to enable individuals with damage in the removal process to move into a temporary on-land cultivation area for rest management, wherein individuals with serious damage move out of a germplasm resource library protection area and are not used as preservation objects; the damage condition of the purse net is checked regularly, repair or replacement is carried out, crabs and carnivorous fishes in the seed-retaining grid are removed or driven out, and attachments on the surface of the purse net are cleaned regularly every month.
8. The method for constructing a dynamic germplasm resource pool of buried shellfish according to claim 1, further comprising:
5) Collection and use of germplasm preservation objects: digging corresponding germplasm preservation objects as required in spring, autumn and winter buried shellfish breeding seasons to be used as breeding parents or scientific research materials; the excavating mode utilizes manual excavating, and the excavating process is not suitable for a large-scale high-pressure water gun.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210571937.9A CN115053840B (en) | 2022-05-24 | 2022-05-24 | Construction method of dynamic germplasm resource library of buried shellfish |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210571937.9A CN115053840B (en) | 2022-05-24 | 2022-05-24 | Construction method of dynamic germplasm resource library of buried shellfish |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115053840A CN115053840A (en) | 2022-09-16 |
| CN115053840B true CN115053840B (en) | 2023-11-07 |
Family
ID=83198038
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210571937.9A Active CN115053840B (en) | 2022-05-24 | 2022-05-24 | Construction method of dynamic germplasm resource library of buried shellfish |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115053840B (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104585089A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-05-06 | 天津市滨海新区东源水产品有限公司 | Seawater net cage aquaculture method for stichopus japonicus |
| CN105532529A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-05-04 | 孙欣 | Shellfish pedigree breeding marking contrast method |
| CN109122438A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-04 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | A kind of purple sea hybrid scallop bottom sowing aquaculture method |
| CN109673558A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-26 | 浙江大学宁波理工学院 | A kind of ship type Composite-type Sea Cage |
| CN110074026A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-02 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | A kind of prawn pond ecological polyculturing method |
| CN110338111A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-10-18 | 广西壮族自治区海洋研究所 | Establishment method for breeding pedigree of tapes dorsatus |
| CN115530107A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-12-30 | 青岛亿骏电器科技有限公司 | Icebreaking wind wave resistant ship-shaped aquaculture net cage |
-
2022
- 2022-05-24 CN CN202210571937.9A patent/CN115053840B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104585089A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-05-06 | 天津市滨海新区东源水产品有限公司 | Seawater net cage aquaculture method for stichopus japonicus |
| CN105532529A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-05-04 | 孙欣 | Shellfish pedigree breeding marking contrast method |
| CN109122438A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-04 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | A kind of purple sea hybrid scallop bottom sowing aquaculture method |
| CN109673558A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-26 | 浙江大学宁波理工学院 | A kind of ship type Composite-type Sea Cage |
| CN110074026A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-02 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | A kind of prawn pond ecological polyculturing method |
| CN110338111A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-10-18 | 广西壮族自治区海洋研究所 | Establishment method for breeding pedigree of tapes dorsatus |
| CN115530107A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-12-30 | 青岛亿骏电器科技有限公司 | Icebreaking wind wave resistant ship-shaped aquaculture net cage |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115053840A (en) | 2022-09-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Phillips et al. | Design, use, and effectiveness of collectors for catching the puerulus stage of spiny lobsters | |
| Mottet | Enhancement of the marine environment for fisheries and aquaculture in Japan | |
| Relini et al. | History, ecology and trends for artificial reefs of the Ligurian sea, Italy | |
| CN109122438B (en) | Purple sea hybrid scallop bottom-sowing and breeding method | |
| CN205455363U (en) | Multi -functional chlamys nobilis breeds cover cylinder mould | |
| JP2014204709A (en) | Sink-and-float type rotary culture crawl | |
| JP6997791B2 (en) | Sea cucumber aquaculture method using artificial sea cucumber leaf | |
| KR101724819B1 (en) | Undersea Structure for sea cucumber | |
| CN110663651A (en) | Underwater non-winding degradable artificial fish collecting device | |
| KR101286078B1 (en) | Submerged cage facility for sea cucumber | |
| Wallentinus | Alien species alert: Undaria pinnatifida (wakame or Japanese kelp) | |
| CN115053840B (en) | Construction method of dynamic germplasm resource library of buried shellfish | |
| CN101019516B (en) | Intermediate net-cage culturing process of artificial pearl shell fry | |
| CN110140680B (en) | Bottom sowing culture method for pinctada fucata | |
| KR101642777B1 (en) | A Shelter For Abalone Culture | |
| CN114304026B (en) | Offshore wind power scouring pit self-repairing device with micro-ecological breeding function | |
| CN116138193A (en) | Ecological cage culture method | |
| CN115245138A (en) | Marine ecological breeding method for oysters and kelp | |
| CN201467812U (en) | Seawater pearl oyster cultivating equipment | |
| KR102094038B1 (en) | Culturing method for shellfish using an artficial grass | |
| Brzeska-Roszczyk et al. | A review of the selected methods of macroalgae cultivation in marine waters | |
| Nayar et al. | Oyster culture at Tuticorin | |
| CN212212242U (en) | Marine floated eel grass does not have soil and transplants device | |
| CN210538205U (en) | Bottom sowing culture device for pinctada fucata | |
| CN113498751B (en) | Device and method for constructing offshore multi-level ecological fishery mode |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |