CN115053840A - Construction method of buried shellfish dynamic germplasm resource library - Google Patents
Construction method of buried shellfish dynamic germplasm resource library Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115053840A CN115053840A CN202210571937.9A CN202210571937A CN115053840A CN 115053840 A CN115053840 A CN 115053840A CN 202210571937 A CN202210571937 A CN 202210571937A CN 115053840 A CN115053840 A CN 115053840A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- area
- preservation
- germplasm
- breeding
- resource library
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241000263298 Paphia <bivalve> Species 0.000 description 17
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000514719 Mactra quadrangularis Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000238586 Cirripedia Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000225868 Lutraria rhynchaena Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001233242 Lontra Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108091064702 1 family Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010003694 Atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000514743 Cyclina sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001625930 Luria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000826789 Lutraria Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000037444 atrophy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037237 body shape Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of a buried shellfish dynamic germplasm resource library, which comprises the following steps: selecting a place with flat terrain, and arranging a protective canopy and a germplasm resource library protective area warning mark on the sea surface; the germplasm storage area is used for storing a plurality of purse net area partitions, each purse net storage area is embedded in a shuttle shape along the tide direction, and the distance between every two shuttle-shaped purse net storage areas is 5 m; covering nets of the fusiform preservation area, and fixing the fusiform preservation area on the wooden piles embedded in the enclosing net area; selecting wild preservation individuals, preferred group breeding filial generations and family breeding filial generations to be respectively put into the germplasm fusiform purse net preservation area; marking the storage area with a label ribbon printed by laser; and (5) breeding management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preservation of germplasm of buried and perched shellfish on small water surface oceans, in particular to a construction method of a dynamic germplasm resource library of buried and perched shellfish with the living sediment content of more than 40 percent.
Background
China has the largest seawater shellfish culture industry in the world, which accounts for about 70 percent of the total aquaculture amount, wherein the marine shellfish accounts for 98 percent, the Guangxi clam yield is about 24.7 ten thousand tons, and the buried shellfish occupies an important part in economic shellfish. The buried economic shellfish is also the best economic variety in the marine ranch, is fed by marine microalgae and granular organic debris, is suitable for offshore and offshore marine ecological breeding, and has little influence on other species resources.
The northern gulf buried shellfish has the most economic value and research value, mainly comprises high-value bivalve shellfish mainly comprising rex clams, pernyi clams, cyclina sinensis, paphia, clams and the like, the phenomena of resource atrophy and germplasm degradation of various shellfish exist in the development of modern shellfish industry, and the development of the work of breeding, tracking and recapture of breeding offspring, later functional gene positioning, gene purification of geographic populations and the like by scientific researchers under the prior art level is very difficult.
At present, the main methods for preserving the seeds at the stage comprise preserving living bodies, embryos, frozen semen (or cell lines), genomes or certain specific genes, but because the related technologies are widely applied to large onshore organisms such as livestock and poultry, the application to marine benthic shellfish is less, the shellfish varieties are more, the workload is greater, the living body preservation is the most basic and direct resource preservation method, and how to establish a set of construction method of the dynamic germplasm resource library of the buried shellfish is a problem to be solved by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for storing and breeding the germplasm of buried shellfish in different regions according to the physiology and life habits of the buried shellfish and by combining the results of the inventor's multi-year bottom sowing and facility breeding test.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a construction method of a dynamic germplasm resource library of buried shellfish comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a place with flat terrain, and arranging a protective canopy and a germplasm resource library protective area warning mark on the sea surface;
2) the germplasm storage area is used for storing a plurality of purse net area partitions, each purse net storage area is embedded in a shuttle shape along the tide direction, and the distance between every two shuttle-shaped purse net storage areas is 5 m; covering nets of the fusiform preservation area, and fixing the fusiform preservation area on the wooden piles embedded in the enclosing net area;
3) selecting wild preservation individuals, preferred group breeding filial generations and family breeding filial generations to be respectively put into the germplasm fusiform purse net preservation area; marking the storage area with a label ribbon printed by laser;
4) and (5) breeding management.
As the preferable technical scheme of the technical scheme, in the step 1), the inclination of the bottom of the culture site is less than 20%, the culture site is far away from a channel, the culture site is free from oil pollution and is far away from a domestic sewage discharge outlet, the ebb water level in the heavy tide period is more than 2m, the annual wave height of the culture site is less than 5m, the bottom of the culture site is free from dark current, and the salinity of seawater is more than 25% all the year round.
As a preferred technical scheme of the above technical scheme, in step 1), the warning mark finger of the germplasm resource library protection area sets a banner of the germplasm resource library protection area, and a warning buoy is arranged at the periphery of the breed conservation sea area, and a light reflecting strip is attached to the buoy.
As a preferable technical scheme of the above technical scheme, in the step 2), the fusiform purse seine area has a width of 10m and a length of 60m, the nets are fixed by piling, the distance between every two timber piles is 1m, the nets are embedded into the seabed for 0.5m, the height of the nets is 0.5m higher than the seabed surface, the meshes of the purse seine nets is 1.0cm multiplied by 1.0cm, the apertures of the net covering nets are 2.0cm multiplied by 2.0cm, and the nets are made of pure polyester materials which have smooth surfaces and can reduce attachments of the nets.
As the preferable technical scheme of the technical scheme, piling is carried out at an interval of 2 meters in the fusiform purse net area in the step 2) for fixing the cover net and avoiding the cover net from drooping.
As a preferred technical scheme of the technical scheme, in the step 3), the germplasm preservation object is a wild individual with complete shell type, large physique and good phenotypic character; or breeding individual with excellent growth character and obvious growth advantage at each stage of breeding and breeding; or artificially selected individuals or populations.
As the technical solution mentioned aboveAccording to the preferable technical scheme, in the step 3), wild individuals are put in as basic groups of the dynamic germplasm resource library, different species and different geographical populations are set in the preservation area according to the difference between preservation objects and the collection area, and offspring germplasm preservation areas are bred, wherein the putting density in the preservation area is 10-40/m 2 。
As a preferable technical solution of the above technical solution, the specific process of step 3) is: and (3) hanging a corrosion-resistant marker plate on the purse net and the timber pile of each shuttle-shaped area, wherein the marker plate selects seawater corrosion-resistant pp plastic as a raw material, and records the parent source of the breeding individuals in the storage area or the harvesting sea area and time of the wild population, the breeding method, the offspring throwing time, the average throwing specification and the like.
As a preferable technical solution of the above technical solution, in the step 4), the cultivation management is:
periodically sampling, carrying out growth performance on individuals in a storage area, and recording the growth condition of each germplasm storage population or family one by one corresponding to the label;
detecting related functional genes of the bred varieties and correspondingly recording;
observing the size of the tidal current, and properly reinforcing the purse net; diving to check whether the shellfish body or the water pipe part has attachments, physically removing in time, moving the individuals with serious damage in the removing process into an onshore temporary culture area for recuperation management, and moving the individuals with serious damage out of a germ plasm storage area to be no longer used as a storage object; the damage condition of the purse net is regularly checked and repaired or replaced, the crabs and carnivorous fishes in the seed protection grid are removed or ejected, and attachments on the surface of the purse net are regularly cleaned every month.
As a preferable embodiment of the above aspect, the method further includes:
5) collection and use of germplasm preservation objects: in spring, autumn and winter buried shellfish breeding seasons, digging corresponding germplasm preservation objects as required to serve as breeding and breeding parents or scientific research materials; the mining and digging mode utilizes manual mining and digging, and a large-scale high-pressure water gun is not suitable for the mining and digging process.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the process operation flow of the invention is scientific and reasonable, has strong operability, reduces the influence of other varieties on the germplasm preservation object, improves the survival rate of the germplasm preservation object, can effectively provide excellent germplasm in the artificial seedling breeding process, and fills the blank of marine breeding preservation.
According to the invention, through the partition management of the buried shellfish, the loss of individual genomes with excellent culture characteristics in the culture harvesting process is reduced, meanwhile, wild species are cultured and protected, and the local excellent species quality is powerfully improved through the breeding and purification of the protospecies; compared with the method that only wild individuals are purchased as parents, the method has the advantages that the excellent breeding characters and the excellent germplasm genes are better preserved; aiming at different geographic populations, family breeding and regional preservation management of population breeding, breeding objects can be purposefully recaptured, breeding of F2 generation and F3 generation is carried out, and gene difference analysis of filial generation and female parent is carried out. The invention has great promotion effect on the industrialized development of the submerged shellfish in the sub-tidal zone, creativity and higher practical value, and has important significance on protecting and developing ocean resources, flourishing economy, avoiding germplasm degradation and implementing sustainable development strategy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the division of the wind wave resistant net wall, the germplasm bottom sowing preservation area and the germplasm basket type preservation area provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
s1: site selection and warning sign establishment
Selecting a sea area culture field with small wind waves, flat terrain and sediment with sand content of more than 60%, wherein the inclination of the sea bottom of the culture field is less than 12%, the culture field is far away from a channel, the culture area is free of oil pollution and net cage fish culture and is far away from a domestic sewage discharge port, the ebb water level is more than 2.5m during a heavy tide, the annual wave height of the culture field is less than 5m, the sea bottom is free of underflow, and the seawater salinity is more than 25 all the year round.
The sea surface is provided with a protective shed and a banner of a germplasm resource bank protective area, warning buoys are arranged on the periphery of the seed-protecting sea area, and light-reflecting strips are pasted on the buoys to remind a user to pass through a fishing boat, so that the condition that the purse net is damaged by the fishing boat due to the trawl net falling is avoided.
S2: setting of partition purse seine
The germplasm preservation area is subjected to multi-area partition preservation, each preservation area is embedded in a rectangular shape along the tide direction, the width is 10m, the length is 50m, the meshes are fixed by piling, the distance between every two timber piles is 1m, the meshes are embedded in the sea bottom by 0.5m, the height of each mesh is 0.5m higher than the sea bottom surface, and the meshes of the polyethylene meshes are 1.0cm multiplied by 1.0 cm; piling at intervals of 2 meters in the rectangular enclosing net area, and fixing the covering net to avoid the falling of the covering net; the distance between every two storage areas is 5 m; putting different germplasm preservation areas into each wild geographic population and the family breeding filial generation respectively, marking each preservation area by using a laser-printed label binding tape, selecting seawater corrosion-resistant pp plastic as a raw material by using a marking board, and recording the parent source of an individual in the preservation area, the wild species group harvesting mode, time and place, the breeding filial generation seedling throwing time and specification and the like on the marking board;
s3: selection and delivery of stored objects in bottom sowing germplasm storage area
And 3, 12 days in month and 3, when the tide level is reduced to the minimum, the diver puts the storage objects into each storage area, and the storage objects are not put at the position 1m close to the periphery of the purse net.
Wild individuals harvested from submerged waters of south China sea by otter clam bottom sowing culture preservation objects are thrown at a density of 10/m 2 The preferred body has large mass, the shell height is obviously higher than that of other individuals, the average body mass is 42.8g, the water pipe has strong contractibility, the water outlet pipe sprays water powerfully, and the meat is thick;
the prime sowing culture and preservation objects of the mactra veneriformis are trawl or individual dug by diving in the northern gulf sea area, and the throwing density is 30/m 2 The shell is large, the average body mass is 21.75g, sand is buried quickly, no crack exists on the surface of the shell, and patterns on the surface of the shell are obvious;
the bottom sowing preservation object of Paphia textilis is a wild individual of diving excavation or trawl in the northern gulf sea area, and the throwing density is 30/m 2 The shell is large, the average body mass is 18.42g, the surface of the shell is smooth, the patterns are obvious, the shell is closed without an opening, the water shrinkage pipe is powerful, and the shell can be quickly and completely retracted into the shell when the shell is closed tightly.
Selecting Lutraria philippinarum offspring preservation area as the preferred family breeding individual, periodically checking 1 family with normal shell shape and no deformity in the process of intermediate breeding of Lutraria philippinarum offspring, putting in Lutraria philippinarum family intermediate breeding offspring (650 grains/kg), and putting in density of 20 grains/m 2 ；
After the preservation object is put in, the preservation area is covered with a net which is made of polyethylene net sheets, the aperture of the net sheets is 2cm multiplied by 2cm, and 3mm polyethylene ropes are sewn.
S4: breeding management
Sampling regularly every month, measuring the growth performance of individuals in a storage area, and recording the growth condition of each germplasm storage population or family one by one corresponding to a label;
and (4) checking whether attachments exist on the shellfish body or the water pipe part in the culture area by diving every 5 days, physically removing in time, moving the individuals with serious damage in the removing process into a land temporary culture area for recuperation management, and moving the individuals with serious damage out of a germ plasm storage area. And simultaneously checking the purse net, removing attachments on the surface of the purse net, wherein in the middle 6 th to late 7 th of the month, the suture parts of the germplasm preservation areas, which are far away from the sides of the bank, are damaged to different degrees under the influence of southwest waves of the northern gulf sea area, and the management personnel timely remove and drive crabs and trash fishes entering the purse net and repair the damaged purse net. A small number of individuals are scattered outside the damaged area of the wild population of the paphia textzle gmelin and the rex clams, the inside of the wild population is close to the 8m area of the damaged area, the density distribution condition of the 8-shaped water pipe of the stored object is slightly lower than that of other storage areas, and the paphia textzle gmelin is seriously lost under the influence of tide due to shallow sand. And 5-7 months later, the salinity of the seawater is greater than 32 per mill, barnacles grow on the purse net, and the barnacles are physically removed through an iron shovel. In 9 months, a large amount of filamentous algae grows, and a diver cleans and washes the filamentous algae with a brush.
S5: collection and use of germplasm preservation objects
In 9 middle-month ten days, harvesting the germplasm preservation area in four batches for use as breeding or breeding parents, excavating blunt-decorated paphia philippinarum and paphia textilis philippinarum by bare hands according to the 8-shaped water inlet and outlet distribution conditions of the cultured preservation objects, spraying sand layers beside the cultured objects by using small air pressure air injection pipes for the paphia philippinarum, rapidly pulling out individuals after the shells are exposed, avoiding the paphia philippinarum from rapidly submerging into deeper substrate, and not using large-scale high-pressure water guns in the excavating process.
265.11kg of Rex clam parents are harvested in a northern gulf primordial population preservation area, the average body mass is about 81.33g, and the survival rate is 85.53%; 325.88kg of paphia textzle gmelin, the average body mass is about 38.46g, and the survival rate is 73.55%; 600.26kg of the mactra veneriformis parents are harvested in a bottom sowing storage area, the average body mass is about 62.5g, and the survival rate is 83.37%.
And (5) harvesting kg of the Lutraria rex Linnaeus family F1 generation adult, wherein the average body mass is about 45.45g, and the survival rate is 56.28%.
Example 2:
a construction method of a buried shellfish dynamic germplasm resource library comprises the following steps:
s1: site selection and warning sign establishment
Selecting a sea area culture field with small wind waves, flat terrain and sand content of more than 60% as a substrate, wherein the inclination of the sea bottom of the culture field is less than 12%, the culture field is far away from a channel, the culture area is free of oil pollution and net cage fish culture and is far away from a domestic sewage discharge port, the ebb water level is more than 2.5m during a heavy tide, the annual wave height of the culture field is less than 5m, the sea bottom is free of dark current, and the seawater salinity is more than 25 per thousand throughout the year.
The sea surface is provided with a protective shed and a banner of a germplasm resource bank protective area, warning buoys are arranged on the periphery of the seed-protecting sea area, and light-reflecting strips are pasted on the buoys to remind a user to pass through a fishing boat, so that the condition that the purse net is damaged by the fishing boat due to the trawl net falling is avoided.
S2: setting of partition purse seine
The germplasm preservation area is subjected to multi-area partition preservation, each preservation area is embedded in a spindle shape along the tide direction, the spindle shape is 10m wide and 60m long, the meshes are fixed by piling, the distance between every two timber piles is 1m, the meshes are embedded in the sea bottom by 0.5m, the height of each mesh is 0.5m higher than the sea bottom surface, and the meshes of the purse seine meshes are 1.0cm multiplied by 1.0 cm; the cover net and the purse net are net sheets made of pure polyester materials, so that the influence of attachments of the purse net and the cover net on water flow in the storage area is reduced; the distance between the storage areas is 5 m; respectively putting different germplasm preservation areas into each wild geographic population, family breeding filial generation and population breeding filial generation, marking each preservation area by using a label binding tape printed by laser, selecting seawater corrosion-resistant pp plastic as a raw material for a marking board, selecting the parent source of a breeding individual in the preservation area on the marking board, or the harvesting sea area and time of the wild population, a breeding method, the seedling throwing and breeding time of the filial generation, the average throwing specification and the like;
s3: selection and delivery of stored objects in bottom sowing germplasm storage area
Wild individuals harvested from south sea submerged water for otter clam bottom sowing culture preservation objects are thrown at the density of 10/m 2 The preferred body has large mass, the shell height is obviously higher than that of other individuals, the average body mass is 46.33g, the water pipe has strong contractibility, the water outlet pipe sprays water powerfully, and the meat is thick;
the prime sowing culture and preservation objects of the mactra veneriformis are trawl or individual dug by diving in the northern gulf sea area, and the throwing density is 30/m 2 The shell is large, the average body mass is 28.25g, sand is buried quickly, no crack exists on the surface of the shell, and patterns on the surface of the shell are obvious;
the bottom sowing preservation object of Paphia textilis is a wild individual of diving excavation or trawl in the northern gulf sea area, and the throwing density is 30/m 2 The shell is large, the average body mass is 23.67g, the surface of the shell is smooth, the patterns are obvious, the shell is closed without an opening, the water shrinkage pipe is powerful, and the shell is completely retracted into the shell when the shell is closed tightly.
The breeding filial generation preservation area of Rex clam is the preferred family breeding individual, the growth speed is high in the middle breeding process of the breeding filial generation of Rex clam through regular inspection, and 1F 1 generation with normal shell shape and no deformity is generatedFamily, F2 generation 1, putting intermediate breeding fingerlings (460 grains/kg) of Rex clam family, and putting at a density of 15 grains/m 2 ；
Selecting and breeding F1 generations of the mactra veneriformis in the optimal sea area, preferably breeding individuals with the highest growth speed and the earliest individual mass of 500/kg in the same breeding period in the middle of the sea area, and putting the individuals with the density of 40 particles/m 2 ；
F1 generations of Paphia textilis are bred, individuals with the highest growth speed and the earliest individual mass of 500 individuals/kg in the same breeding period are preferably bred in the middle of sea area, and the breeding density is 40 particles/m 2 ；
After the preservation object is put in, the fusiform preservation area is covered with a net, the covering net is made of a net sheet made of pure polyester materials with smooth surfaces, the aperture is 2cm multiplied by 2cm, and 3mm polyethylene ropes are sewn.
S4: breeding management
The sea surface is provided with a protective shed and a banner of a germplasm resource bank protective area, warning buoys are arranged on the periphery of the seed-protecting sea area, and light-reflecting strips are pasted on the buoys to remind a user to pass through a fishing boat, so that the condition that the purse net is damaged by the fishing boat due to the trawl net falling is avoided.
Periodically sampling, carrying out growth performance on individuals in a storage area, and recording the growth condition of each germplasm storage population or family one by one corresponding to the label; and detecting related functional genes of the bred varieties and correspondingly recording.
And (4) checking whether attachments exist on the shellfish body or the water pipe part in the culture area or not by diving, physically removing in time, moving the individuals with damage in the removing process into a land temporary culture area for recuperation management, and moving the individuals with serious damage out of a germ plasm preservation area.
Periodically checking the purse net for 5-7 months, wherein the salinity of seawater is greater than 32 per mill, a small amount of barnacles grow on the purse net, the attachment amount of polyethylene net pieces in the same period is about 30 percent, and the individual is small and easy to fall off, and the barnacles are physically brushed off by an iron brush; filamentous algae only grow in the wooden piles, and divers wash and clean the filamentous algae by using the brushes. The purse net basically has no crack, only a small number of small crabs with the body shapes smaller than the net meshes enter the germ plasm preservation net area, and the influence on large-sized shellfish is small.
S5: collection and use of germplasm preservation objects
In the middle ten 9 months, harvesting the germplasm preservation area in eight batches for use as breeding or breeding parents, excavating blunt-decorated paphia philippinarum and paphia textilis philippinarum by bare hands according to the 8-shaped water inlet and outlet distribution conditions of the cultured preservation objects, spraying sand layers beside the cultured objects by using small air pressure air injection pipes for the paphia philippinarum, rapidly pulling out individuals after the shells are exposed, avoiding the paphia philippinarum from rapidly submerging into deeper substrate, and not using large-scale high-pressure water guns in the excavating process.
470.13kg of Rex clam parents are harvested in a northern gulf protospecies population preservation area, the average body mass is 98.69g, and the survival rate is 96.4%; 549.92kg of paphia textzle gmelin, the average body mass is 47.62g, and the survival rate is 93.55 percent; 631.37kg of the parent of the mactra veneriformis are harvested in the bottom sowing preservation area, the average body mass is 66.67g, and the survival rate is 98.12%.
285.74kg of generation bodies of the rex clam family F1 are harvested, the average body mass is 64.33g, and the survival rate is 66.45%; 324.60kg of generation bodies of the rex clam family F2, the average body mass is 72.85g, and the survival rate is 69.45%; the method comprises the following steps of (1) harvesting Paphia textzle gmelin in a bottom sowing preservation area to breed F1 generation bodies 351.14kg, wherein the average body mass is 30.25, and the survival rate is 67.37%; and (3) harvesting the Luria tenella in a bottom sowing preservation area to breed F1 generation bodies 551.74kg, wherein the average body mass is 42.58g, and the survival rate is 73.78%.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A construction method of a dynamic germplasm resource library of buried shellfish is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a place with flat terrain, and arranging a protective canopy and a germplasm resource library protective area warning mark on the sea surface;
2) the germplasm storage area is used for storing a plurality of purse net area partitions, each purse net storage area is embedded in a shuttle shape along the tide direction, and the distance between every two shuttle-shaped purse net storage areas is 5 m; covering nets of the fusiform preservation area, and fixing the fusiform preservation area on the wooden piles embedded in the enclosing net area;
3) selecting wild preservation individuals, preferred group breeding filial generations and family breeding filial generations to be respectively put into the germplasm fusiform purse net preservation area; marking the storage area with a label ribbon printed by laser;
4) and (5) breeding management.
2. The method for constructing the buried shellfish dynamic germplasm resource bank as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1), the cultivation site with flat terrain has a seabed inclination of < 20%, is far away from the channel, is free from pollution of oil and sewage, is far away from a domestic sewage discharge port, has a tide withdrawal water level of >2m during a heavy tide, has a annual wave height of <5m, has no underflow on the seabed, and has a seawater salinity of > 25% all the year.
3. The method for constructing the buried shellfish dynamic germplasm resource library according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the germplasm resource library protection area warning mark finger is provided with a germplasm resource library protection area banner, a warning buoy is arranged at the periphery of the breed conservation sea area, and a light reflecting strip is attached to the buoy.
4. The method for constructing the buried shellfish dynamic germplasm resource library according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the width of the fusiform fence area is 10m, the length of the fusiform fence area is 60m, the distance between every two wood piles is 1m, the meshes are buried in the sea bottom by 0.5m, the height of the meshes is 0.5m, the meshes of the fence meshes are 1.0cm x 1.0cm, the apertures of the cover meshes are 2.0cm x 2.0cm, and the meshes are made of pure polyester materials with smooth surfaces and capable of reducing the attachments of the meshes.
5. The method for constructing the buried shellfish dynamic germplasm resource library according to claim 1, wherein the fusiform fence area is piled with an interval of 2 meters in the step 2) for fixing the cover net and avoiding the cover net from hanging down.
6. The method for constructing the buried shellfish dynamic germplasm resource library according to claim 1, wherein the germplasm preservation object in the step 3) is a wild individual with complete shell type, large physique and good phenotypic character; or breeding individual with excellent growth character and obvious growth advantage at each stage of breeding and breeding; or artificially bred individuals or populations.
7. The method for constructing the buried shellfish dynamic germplasm resource library according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), wild individuals are thrown in as basic groups of the dynamic germplasm resource library, different species and different geographical populations are set in the preservation area according to the difference between preservation objects and harvesting areas, and offspring germplasm preservation areas are bred, and the throwing density in the preservation area is 10-40/m 2 。
8. The method for constructing the buried shellfish dynamic germplasm resource library according to claim 1, wherein the concrete process of the step 3) is as follows: and (3) hanging a corrosion-resistant marker plate on the purse net and the timber pile of each shuttle-shaped area, wherein the marker plate selects seawater corrosion-resistant pp plastic as a raw material, and records the parent source of the breeding individuals in the storage area or the harvesting sea area and time of the wild population, the breeding method, the offspring throwing time, the average throwing specification and the like.
9. The method for constructing the buried shellfish dynamic germplasm resource library according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the cultivation management comprises:
periodically sampling, carrying out growth performance on individuals in a storage area, and recording the growth condition of each germplasm storage population or family one by one corresponding to the label;
detecting related functional genes of the bred varieties and correspondingly recording;
observing the size of the tidal current, and properly reinforcing the purse net; diving to check whether the shellfish body or the water pipe part has attachments, physically clearing in time, moving individuals with serious damage in the clearing process into a land temporary culture area for recuperation management, and moving the individuals with serious damage out of a germ plasm preservation area to be no longer used as preservation objects; the damage condition of the purse net is regularly checked and repaired or replaced, the crabs and carnivorous fishes in the seed protection grid are removed or ejected, and attachments on the surface of the purse net are regularly cleaned every month.
10. The method for constructing the buried shellfish dynamic germplasm resource library according to claim 1, further comprising:
5) collection and use of germplasm preservation objects: in spring, autumn and winter buried shellfish breeding seasons, digging corresponding germplasm preservation objects as required to serve as breeding and breeding parents or scientific research materials; the mining and digging mode utilizes manual mining and digging, and a large-scale high-pressure water gun is not suitable for the mining and digging process.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210571937.9A CN115053840B (en) | 2022-05-24 | 2022-05-24 | Construction method of dynamic germplasm resource library of buried shellfish |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210571937.9A CN115053840B (en) | 2022-05-24 | 2022-05-24 | Construction method of dynamic germplasm resource library of buried shellfish |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115053840A true CN115053840A (en) | 2022-09-16 |
| CN115053840B CN115053840B (en) | 2023-11-07 |
Family
ID=83198038
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210571937.9A Active CN115053840B (en) | 2022-05-24 | 2022-05-24 | Construction method of dynamic germplasm resource library of buried shellfish |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115053840B (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104585089A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-05-06 | 天津市滨海新区东源水产品有限公司 | Seawater net cage aquaculture method for stichopus japonicus |
| CN105532529A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-05-04 | 孙欣 | Shellfish pedigree breeding marking contrast method |
| CN109122438A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-04 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | A kind of purple sea hybrid scallop bottom sowing aquaculture method |
| CN109673558A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-26 | 浙江大学宁波理工学院 | A kind of ship type Composite-type Sea Cage |
| CN110074026A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-02 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | A kind of prawn pond ecological polyculturing method |
| CN110338111A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-10-18 | 广西壮族自治区海洋研究所 | Establishment method for breeding pedigree of tapes dorsatus |
| CN115530107A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-12-30 | 青岛亿骏电器科技有限公司 | Icebreaking wind wave resistant ship-shaped aquaculture net cage |
-
2022
- 2022-05-24 CN CN202210571937.9A patent/CN115053840B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104585089A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-05-06 | 天津市滨海新区东源水产品有限公司 | Seawater net cage aquaculture method for stichopus japonicus |
| CN105532529A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-05-04 | 孙欣 | Shellfish pedigree breeding marking contrast method |
| CN109122438A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-04 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | A kind of purple sea hybrid scallop bottom sowing aquaculture method |
| CN109673558A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-26 | 浙江大学宁波理工学院 | A kind of ship type Composite-type Sea Cage |
| CN110074026A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-02 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | A kind of prawn pond ecological polyculturing method |
| CN110338111A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-10-18 | 广西壮族自治区海洋研究所 | Establishment method for breeding pedigree of tapes dorsatus |
| CN115530107A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-12-30 | 青岛亿骏电器科技有限公司 | Icebreaking wind wave resistant ship-shaped aquaculture net cage |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115053840B (en) | 2023-11-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Phillips et al. | Design, use, and effectiveness of collectors for catching the puerulus stage of spiny lobsters | |
| Goulletquer et al. | Marine molluscan production trends in France: from fisheries to aquaculture | |
| Mottet | Enhancement of the marine environment for fisheries and aquaculture in Japan | |
| Relini et al. | History, ecology and trends for artificial reefs of the Ligurian sea, Italy | |
| CN105016472A (en) | Applicaton method of scrap tires in process of steadily converting alga type lake into grass type lake | |
| Moksnes et al. | Relative importance of habitat selection and predation for the distribution of blue crab megalopae and young juveniles | |
| Baine et al. | Habitat modification and manipulation as a management tool | |
| Vijayakumaran et al. | Farming of spiny lobsters in sea cages in India | |
| Fabi et al. | Experimental shellfish culture on an artificial reef in the Adriatic Sea | |
| CN109006613B (en) | Marine ranch with fish life history | |
| CN115053840B (en) | Construction method of dynamic germplasm resource library of buried shellfish | |
| KR102094038B1 (en) | Culturing method for shellfish using an artficial grass | |
| CN114304026A (en) | Offshore wind power scouring pit self-repairing device with micro-ecological breeding function | |
| CN111631125A (en) | Offshore suspension type eel soilless transplantation device and application thereof | |
| Brzeska-Roszczyk et al. | A review of the selected methods of macroalgae cultivation in marine waters | |
| Rao | Cage Culture: Mariculture Technology of the Millennium in India | |
| Tseng | Prospects for commercial netcage culture of red grouper (Epinephelus akaara T. & S.) in Hong Kong | |
| Hung | Artificial reefs development and management in Malaysia | |
| Nayar et al. | Oyster culture at Tuticorin | |
| CN113498751B (en) | Device and method for constructing offshore multi-level ecological fishery mode | |
| Brittsan et al. | Pilot study: a novel approach to the rearing of Diadema antillarum from larval settlers to sub-adults in situ | |
| CN114902981B (en) | Method for promoting mangrove swimming animal colonisation recovery | |
| CN212212242U (en) | Marine floated eel grass does not have soil and transplants device | |
| Nestlerode | Evaluating restored oyster reefs in Chesapeake Bay: how habitat structure influences ecological function | |
| CN115067248B (en) | Method for restoring yellow river mouth intertidal zone shoal fishery habitat |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |