CN113498751B - Device and method for constructing offshore multi-level ecological fishery mode - Google Patents
Device and method for constructing offshore multi-level ecological fishery mode Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
- A01K61/75—Artificial fishing banks or reefs floating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of mariculture, in particular to a device and a method for constructing a multi-level ecological fishery mode on shore. Comprises a buoy 1, a main cable 2, an algae hanging rope 3, a fixed hook 4 and an artificial reef body 5; one end of the main cable 2 is fixedly connected with the buoy 1, the other end of the main cable 2 is fixedly connected with the artificial reef body 5 through the fixed hook 4, and the middle section of the algae hanging rope 3 is fixedly connected with one end, far away from the artificial reef body 5, of the main cable 2. In the throwing area, the artificial reef body 5 is thrown into sea water to provide a moving space for marine organisms; the seaweed segments are selected from the growing ends, and are fixed on the seaweed hanging rope 3 for proliferation of seaweed, so that the construction of a near-shore multi-level ecological fishery mode is realized. The method can increase the biomass of algae, fish, shellfish and sea cucumber, has ingenious structural design, fully considers living and inhabiting environments of algae, fish, shellfish and sea cucumber, improves the biological diversity of an artificial reef area and the stability of an ecological system, and is beneficial to improving the repair effect of an offshore ecological system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mariculture, in particular to a device and a method for constructing a multi-level ecological fishery mode on shore.
Background
At present, the rapid development of mariculture brings a plurality of ecological environment problems, such as the random arrangement of the tail water of the culture, the environmental deterioration of the culture water area, serious eutrophication, frequent red tide, safe quality of aquatic products and the like. In 2019, ten committees of agricultural rural departments and the like are combined to form opinion on accelerating the green development of the aquaculture industry, accelerate the green development of the aquaculture industry and promote industry transformation and upgrading. The sea water aquaculture industry in China has pursued the increase of aquaculture area and aquaculture yield from the past, and is turned to pay more attention to the quality of aquatic products and the ecological environment of fishery. In recent years, coastal provinces in China sequentially explore and establish a plurality of multilevel ecological fishery modes, and a plurality of cement building parts, sunken ships, stones and the like are put in to build offshore ocean pastures, so that the investment is huge, the sea area selection is severe, and the problems that the original ocean current and the sunken siltation phenomenon are changed are more and more common are solved. Many artificial reefs usually only pay attention to recovering the biological quantity of one or two species of groups in the design link, neglect the overall consideration of biological diversity and community structure stability, and the general lack of coupling design for covering various functional organisms (such as shellfish, algae, ginseng, fish and the like) in the reef throwing process severely restricts the ecological upgrading of the aquaculture industry.
In the prior art, the initial research of the ecological restoration effect of the demonstration area of the offshore marine pasture of the swertia island, (Chen Yong, tian Tao, yin Zengjiang, liu Yonghu, chen Lei, wang Gang, 2014) records that the artificial fish reef is put into combination with the bottom sowing construction of the sea-treasure offspring seed to perfect the demonstration area of the offshore marine pasture of the swertia island, the sea cucumber density is increased by about 14% in about 2 years, but the sea cucumber density is investigated only after the swertia island is put into the reef for 3 years, the continuous investigation is carried out for 9 years, the sea cucumber density change of the first 5 years is not obvious, the sea cucumber culture density synergy is obvious from the 6 th year, the sea cucumber yield is improved year by year, the method is illustrated, the optimal effect can be achieved only by 5-6 years, and the time for improving the sea cucumber yield is overlong.
In addition, "initial detection of the resource curing effect of the artificial reef in the Haizhou bay (Zhang Hu and the like, marine fishery, 2005 (01): 38-43)" discusses the condition of the resource curing of the fish reef in the fish reef area after the artificial reef in the Haizhou bay is put in, the fishing gain in the artificial reef area in the Haizhou bay is increased by 62.98 percent, but the method is only obvious for the effects of fishes, shrimps, cephalopods and the like, and the synergy of the sea cucumber is not obvious.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for constructing an offshore multi-level ecological fishery mode.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a device for constructing a multi-level ecological fishery mode on the coast comprises a buoy 1, a main cable 2, an algae hanging rope 3, a fixed hook 4 and an artificial reef body 5;
one end of the main cable 2 is fixedly connected with the buoy 1, the other end of the main cable 2 is fixedly connected with the artificial reef body 5 through the fixed hook 4, and the middle section of the algae hanging rope 3 is fixedly connected with one end, far away from the artificial reef body 5, of the main cable 2;
the artificial reef body 5 comprises a hollow polygonal prism 6, an attachment body 7 and a base;
the hollow polygonal prism 6 is internally provided with an attachment 7, and the bases are respectively positioned at two ends of the bottom side of the hollow polygonal prism 6 and are in an integral structure with the hollow polygonal prism 6;
the "attachment body" 7 includes a plurality of long blades F and a plurality of short blades C, the long blades F and the short blades C are alternately arranged, the length directions of the long blades F and the short blades C are the same as the length directions of the hollow polygonal prisms 6, and at least one long blade is abutted to the inner surface of any one side surface of the hollow polygonal prisms 6.
The hollow polygonal prism 6 is a hollow regular triangular prism, a hollow regular pentagonal prism or a hollow regular hexagonal prism;
the number of long blades F and short blades C of the "attachment" 7 is the same as the number of side edges of the hollow polygonal prism 6, respectively.
Preferably, the hollow polygonal prism 6 is a hollow regular triangular prism, and the "attachment body" 7 includes three long blades F and three short blades C, where the long blades F and the short blades C are alternately arranged, and an included angle α between any one long blade F and an adjacent short blade C is 60.
The long blade F and the short blade C of the attachment body 7 are cuboid, and the length of the cuboid is the same as the length of the side edge of the hollow polygonal prism 6.
Preferably, the short blade C and the long blade F of the attachment body 7 are respectively provided with holes 8, the number of the holes 8 is at least 2, and the size is 10 cm to 20cm.
The fixed hook 4 is a stainless steel hook, and the main cable 2 is connected with the fixed hook 4 through a binding belt.
The number of the fixed hooks 4 is n (i.e. the number of seaweed ropes), x is the length of the main rope, the length of the main rope is x=the depth of the water to be put-in-1 m, A is the length of an attached body 7, and h is the tidal range
n is an integer.
The diameter of the main cable 2 is 12mm-15mm;
the diameter of the algae hanging rope 3 is 5-7mm, the distance between the fixed part of the algae hanging rope 3 and the main cable rope 2 and the buoy 1 is 2-3m, the length of the algae hanging rope 3 is 3-5 m, and the number of the algae hanging ropes is 5-8;
the length of the outer triangle side of the hollow triangular prism 6 is equal to 60cm, the length of the hollow triangular prism column is 100cm, and the thickness of the hollow triangular prism column is 5cm.
The short blade C of the "adherent" 7 is long=100 cm wide=6-8 cm thick=3-4 cm, the long blade flong=100 cm wide=30-35 cm thick=3-4 cm.
The hollow polygonal prism 6, the 'attachment' 7 and the base are all made by mixing broken shells, oyster shells and reinforced concrete.
The base is long=60 cm, wide=40 cm, and high=30 cm.
A method for constructing an offshore multi-level ecological fishery model by adopting the device,
in the throwing area, the artificial reef body 5 is thrown into sea water to provide a moving space for marine organisms, seaweed segments are selected from growing ends, and the seaweed segments are fixed on the seaweed hanging rope 3 to proliferate seaweed, so that construction of an offshore multi-level ecological fishery mode is realized.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining throwing time according to the proper temperature range and climate conditions of throwing different marine animals, and determining a throwing area according to the position of the buoy in the sea area;
(2) In the throwing area, throwing the artificial reefs 5 into sea water, ensuring that the bases are downward, spacing 5-8m between adjacent single artificial reefs 5, and throwing offspring seeds onto the artificial reefs 5;
(3) The seaweed segments are selected from the growing ends, the seaweed segments are fixed on the seaweed hanging ropes 3, the seaweed hanging ropes 3 are fixed at the corresponding positions of the main ropes 2, and the main ropes 2 are fixedly connected with the artificial reef body 5 in the sea water through the fixing hooks 4 to proliferate the seaweed.
The seaweed includes, but is not limited to, seaweed of the family kelp, the family gulfwidae.
The length of the seaweed segment is 30-40cm.
Each seaweed hanging rope 3 can fix 30-40 seaweed.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention solves the problems existing in the prior art, provides a method for constructing a multi-level ecological fishery mode on the coast, can increase the biomass of algae-fish-shellfish-ginseng, has ingenious structural design, fully considers the living and inhabiting environments of algae, fish, shellfish and sea cucumber, improves the biological diversity of an artificial reef area and the stability of an ecological system, is beneficial to improving the repair effect of the ecological system on the coast, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1. the invention fully utilizes different ecological positions of the sea, realizes the aim of simultaneously increasing and culturing organisms with a plurality of nutrition levels, and the upper layer is transplanted with seaweed and gathers fish, thereby effectively improving the quality of offshore seawater, and simultaneously providing places for avoiding enemies, rope baits and spawning for various invertebrates and fish; the lower layer is a hollow prismatic artificial reef body, which provides a movable space for sea animals such as sea cucumbers, abalones, conchs and the like.
2. The ecological fishery mode is suitable for various foundation environments near shore, and the bottom side of the hollow polygonal prism is provided with two cuboid bases, so that the artificial reef can be effectively prevented from being submerged by silt, and the ecological fishery mode has good popularization and use values particularly for a silt foundation.
3. The hollow polygonal prism and the artificial reef body with the 'attachment' structure increase the inner and outer surfaces and the included angles of the reef body, fully utilize the touch tendency (life habit of contacting with solid matters) of sea animals such as sea cucumbers, abalones and the like, provide more attachment space for invertebrates, improve the cultivation increasing amount of sea animals such as sea cucumbers, abalones, conch and the like in the unit reef body, and preferably have the advantages that the triangular prism body has stable structure and strong pressure resistance, and is not easy to roll and shift after being placed on the seabed, in order to further expand the moving space of sea animals such as sea cucumbers, abalones, conch and the like, increase the moving area of the love reef type sea animals in the artificial fish reef body, obviously enlarge the attachment area formed by unit materials, reduce the raw material consumption, reduce the overall quality and save the production, transportation and throwing costs.
4. The hollow polygonal prism and the internal cavity formed by the attachment body have the advantages of shading light, good ventilation water property and the like, are beneficial to marine organism activities in a high-temperature environment, can also form flow states such as ascending water flow, vortex flow and the like, bring sea bottom nutrient salt and deposited organic matters to the middle and upper layers of sea water, increase the fertility of a water area and further improve the cultivation and increment amount of a sea area.
5. The artificial reef provided by the invention utilizes the broken shells and oyster shells to replace part of cement and sand, so that the waste utilization is realized, the environment pollution caused by the waste is avoided, and the marine ecological environment is protected. The artificial reef body has rough surface, is suitable for the attachment growth of large-scale seaweed sporophytes, and the oyster shell and the shell powder contain elements such as calcium, magnesium and the like, are more similar to the ocean nature, and are beneficial to the inhabitation growth of sea cucumbers, abalones, conchs and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for constructing a multi-level ecological fishery model offshore;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the "attached body" 7.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by combining examples.
Referring to fig. 1, an apparatus for constructing an offshore multi-level ecological fishery mode includes a buoy 1, a main rope 2, an algae hanging rope 3, a fixed hook 4 and an artificial reef 5;
one end of a main cable 2 is fixedly connected with the buoy 1, the other end of the main cable 2 is fixedly connected with the artificial reef body 5 through a fixed hook 4, and the middle section of the algae hanging rope 3 is fixedly connected with one end, far away from the artificial reef body 5, of the main cable 2.
The artificial reef body 5 comprises a hollow regular triangular prism 6, an attachment 7 and a base; the hollow regular triangular prism 6 is internally provided with an attachment 7, and the bases are respectively positioned at two ends of the bottom side of the hollow regular triangular prism 6 and are integrated with the hollow regular triangular prism into a whole structure;
the attachment body 7 comprises three long blades F and three short blades C, the long blades F and the short blades C are alternately arranged, an included angle alpha between any one long blade F and the adjacent short blade C is 60, the length directions of the long blades F and the short blades C are the same as the length direction of the hollow polygonal prism 6, and at least one long blade is abutted against the inner surface of any one side face of the hollow regular triangular prism 6.
The long blade F and the short blade C of the attachment body 7 are cuboid, and the length of the cuboid is the same as the length of the side edge of the hollow polygonal prism 6.
The short blades and the long blades of the attachment body 7 are respectively provided with holes 8, the number of the holes 8 is 2, and the size is 15cm;
the fixed hook 4 is a stainless steel hook, and the main cable 2 is connected with the fixed hook 4 through a binding belt;
the number of the fixing hooks 4
The average tidal range h=1m is actually measured, the main rope length x=the depth of the water to be put-1m=5m, and a is the triangular prism length 1m, so n=1.
The diameter of the main cable 2 is 12mm-15mm;
the diameter of the algae hanging rope 3 is 6mm, the distance between the fixed part of the algae hanging rope 3 and the main rope 2 and the buoy 1 is 2m, the length of the algae hanging rope 3 is 3m-5m, and the number of the algae hanging ropes is 5;
the outer triangle side length of the hollow regular triangular prism 6 is equal to 60cm, the length of the hollow regular triangular prism column is 100cm, and the thickness of the hollow regular triangular prism column is 5cm;
the short blade C dimension of the "adherend" 7 is long=100 cm, wide=8 cm, and thickness=4 cm; the long blade F has a dimension of length=100 cm, width=35 cm, and thickness=4 cm;
the size of the base is long=60 cm, wide=40 cm, and high=30 cm;
the hollow regular triangular prism 6, the 'attachment body' 7 and the base are all made by mixing broken shells, oyster shells and reinforced concrete.
The method for constructing the offshore multi-level ecological fishery mode by adopting the device comprises the following steps:
the seaweed is Sargassum horneri of Sargassaceae;
the fries are sea cucumber fries;
(1) Selecting a substrate type, namely a long island Sun Gucun sea area of a tobacco stand city with mud and sand as main materials, as a throwing area, throwing in spring and autumn with the water temperature of 8-18 ℃ in the sea area, wherein the sea cucumber seedlings are 200-1000 heads/kg in specification, and 5-10 sea cucumber seedlings are put per square meter;
(2) In the throwing area, the artificial reefs 5 are thrown into sea water, the downward base is guaranteed, the distance between adjacent single artificial reefs 5 is 8m, 200 artificial reefs 5 are placed in total, healthy sea cucumber seedlings are selected, the sea cucumber seedlings need to be put into a 20-mesh bag before throwing, the sea cucumber seedlings are accurately thrown onto the artificial reefs 5 by divers, the sea cucumber seedlings climb out of the mesh bag slowly, each throwing seedling should be stable in ocean current, and the throwing of the sea cucumber seedlings is not carried out in the rainy days or in the noon of sunny days with smaller wind power at the time of 7:00-9:00 or at the time of 16:00-18:00. If tide flow is selected for lower delivery in tide rising and tide flow is selected for upper delivery in tide falling. Sea urchins and crabs within the range of 5-10m around the artificial reef body 5 should be removed through a ground cage net or a diver before putting in, so that the survival rate of the seedlings is improved.
(3) The method comprises the steps of cutting Sargassum horneri, selecting Sargassum horneri segments with growth ends of 30-40cm, fixing the Sargassum horneri segments on the Sargassum horneri rope 3, fixing the Sargassum horneri rope 3 at the corresponding position of the main rope 2, and fixedly connecting the main rope 2 with the artificial reef body 5 in seawater through the fixing hooks 4 to proliferate Sargassum horneri.
The implementation effect is as follows:
by applying the device and the method in the embodiment for two years, the density of sea cucumbers in the ecological fishery area constructed by the invention is increased by 30%, the fishing biomass density is increased by 63%, and the fishing mantissa density is increased by 43%. The investigation method comprises the following steps: the fishing resource density was analyzed using land cage unit fishing effort fishing gain (CPUE). The fishing yield (CPUE) of the unit fishing effort of the ground cage net is g.net -1 ·d -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The unit of the fishing number per net time of each day of the ground cage net is ind -1 ·d -1 。
For better contrast research, the experimental results obtained by the same evaluation and analysis method are the experimental results of the embodiment and (Chen Yong, etc., the preliminary research on the ecological restoration effect of the demonstration area of the offshore marine ranch of the swertia, 2014, zhang Hu, etc., the preliminary investigation on the resource effect of the artificial fish reef maintenance of the bay in sea, and the marine fishery, 2005 (01): 38-43). According to the embodiment, the method can obviously improve the quantity of sea cucumber in a unit reef, especially has obvious effect on increasing the quantity of fishery, and meanwhile, the time for improving the yield is obviously lower than that of the prior art, and the produced fishery resource recovery effect reaches the advanced level in China.
The above description of the present invention in connection with the specific preferred embodiments is further detailed description of the present invention and it should not be construed as limiting the practice of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains that several equivalent substitutions or obvious modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and that the same shall be deemed to lie within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A device for constructing an offshore multi-level ecological fishery model, characterized in that: comprises a buoy (1), a main cable (2), an algae hanging rope (3), a fixed hook (4) and an artificial reef body (5);
one end of the main cable rope 2 is fixedly connected with the buoy (1), the other end of the main cable rope (2) is fixedly connected with the artificial reef body (5) through the fixed hook (4), and the middle section of the algae hanging rope (3) is fixedly connected with one end, far away from the artificial reef body (5), of the main cable rope (2);
the artificial reef body (5) comprises a hollow polygonal prism (6), an attachment body (7) and a base;
the hollow polygonal prism (6) is internally provided with an attachment body (7), and the bases are respectively positioned at two ends of the bottom side of the hollow polygonal prism (6) and are integrated with the hollow polygonal prism (6);
the hollow polygonal prism (6) is a hollow regular triangular prism, the 'attachment body' (7) comprises three long blades F and three short blades C, the long blades F and the short blades C are alternately arranged, and an included angle alpha between any long blade F and the adjacent short blade C is 60 degrees;
the length direction of the long blades F and the short blades C is the same as the length direction of the hollow polygonal prism (6), and at least one long blade F is abutted against the inner surface of any side surface of the hollow polygonal prism (6);
the number of the long blades F and the short blades C of the 'attachment body' (7) is the same as the number of the side edges of the hollow polygonal prism (6);
the long blade F and the short blade C of the attachment body (7) are cuboid, and the length of the cuboid is the same as the length of the side edge of the hollow polygonal prism (6);
holes (8) are respectively formed in the short blades C and the long blades F of the attachment body (7), the number of the holes (8) is at least 2, and the size is 10-20cm;
the hollow polygonal prism (6), the attachment body (7) and the base are all made by mixing broken shells, oyster shells and reinforced concrete.
2. A method of constructing an offshore multi-level ecological fishery model using the apparatus of claim 1, wherein: in the throwing area, the artificial reef body (5) is thrown into sea water to provide a moving space for marine organisms; the seaweed segments are selected from the growing ends, and are fixed on a seaweed hanging rope (3) for proliferation of seaweed, so that the construction of a multi-level ecological fishery mode on the coast is realized.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the seaweed includes, but is not limited to, seaweed of the family laminariaceae and seaweed of the family gulfwidae.
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| CN202110684647.0A CN113498751B (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Device and method for constructing offshore multi-level ecological fishery mode |
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| CN202110684647.0A CN113498751B (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Device and method for constructing offshore multi-level ecological fishery mode |
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| CN113498751A CN113498751A (en) | 2021-10-15 |
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