CN115044719A - Method for judging charge level position by lowering charge level and damping down - Google Patents
Method for judging charge level position by lowering charge level and damping down Download PDFInfo
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- CN115044719A CN115044719A CN202210666226.XA CN202210666226A CN115044719A CN 115044719 A CN115044719 A CN 115044719A CN 202210666226 A CN202210666226 A CN 202210666226A CN 115044719 A CN115044719 A CN 115044719A
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- charge level
- blast furnace
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- judging
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/24—Test rods or other checking devices
Abstract
A method for judging the position of a charge level by lowering the charge level and damping down relates to the field of blast furnace ironmaking. The method for judging the position of the burden surface by descending the burden surface is to slightly stop the blast furnace before stopping the blast furnace by descending the burden surface, and start descending the burden surface to stop the blast furnace when the blast furnace is rebleed to a normal state under a furnace condition; when the charge level is lowered to the blast furnace bosh part, measuring the gas component at the top of the blast furnace once every 25-35min, and when the gas component meets the following conditions, judging that the tuyere is blown empty and the charge level is lowered below the tuyere plane of the blast furnace: CO in coal gas 2 The content is increased to the content of CO in the coal gas detected in the previous step 2 2-2.6 times of the content; h in coal gas 2 And the ratio of the content of CO is 0.8-1.1; n in coal gas 2 The content is increased to more than 80 percent. The method for judging the position of the charge level by damping down the charge level does not need to manually detect the blast furnace material through the blast furnace tuyere, but judges the position of the charge level through the gas component at the top of the blast furnace, thereby safely, efficiently and conveniently determining damping down and stoppingAnd (7) stopping the process.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of blast furnace iron making, in particular to a method for judging the position of a charge level by lowering the charge level and damping down.
Background
The long-time operation of the blast furnace can cause the erosion and damage of refractory materials of a cooling wall and a furnace bottom, which affects the safety of the blast furnace and needs the shutdown overhaul or the intermediate overhaul. Before the blast furnace is stopped, the blast furnace is usually firstly subjected to the lowering of the charge level and the damping down, and then the construction operations of residual iron placing, hearth material cleaning, cooling wall overhauling and the like are carried out. The changes of parameters such as water injection quantity, stockline depth, air quantity and the like of the furnace top are monitored and controlled in the process of blowing down and blowing out of the blast furnace by lowering the stock level of the blast furnace, the temperature of the furnace top is controlled to avoid burning and damage furnace top equipment, and H in coal gas is controlled 2 The content is to avoid knocking, thereby ensuring safe and efficient furnace shutdown. During the damping down process, the air is gradually reduced and the pressure is reduced until the charge level is reduced to be below the plane of the tuyere, and the charge level reducing process can be finished when the tuyere is blown empty. The blowing-out of the tuyere can take the tuyere as a construction access passage after damping down and is one of necessary means for reducing the difficulty of cleaning materials in the furnace after damping down.
In the process of lowering the charge level and damping down, a mechanical stock rod and a radar stock rod are required to detect the charge level and judge the position of the charge level in the furnace. However, when the charge level is lowered to the lower part of the furnace body and is close to the furnace waist, the temperature in the blast furnace is increased, and a steel wire rope of the mechanical gauge rod is easy to melt, so that a heavy hammer at the lower end of the gauge rod falls off, and the charge level cannot be measured; when the stock level is further lowered from the furnace waist to the furnace belly, the tuyere becomes dark gradually or even completely black due to the falling of furnace wall slag crust, the accurate position of the stock level is difficult to judge through the tuyere peephole, and whether the tuyere blows empty can not be judged. At the moment, the small cover of the air opening needs to be opened, hard devices such as an oxygen tube and the like are manually inserted into the air opening, and the material position condition at the front end of the air opening is detected; the method for manually detecting the charge level can cause blast furnace gas to be blown out from the tuyere, is not beneficial to the safety of detection personnel, and has low efficiency.
Therefore, a method for accurately and efficiently judging the charge level position without opening a tuyere small cover is needed to ensure the safe operation of lowering the charge level, blowing down and blowing out.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a method for judging the position of a charge level by descending the charge level and damping down, which does not need to manually detect the blast furnace material through a blast furnace tuyere, but accurately judges the position of the charge level through the gas component at the top of the blast furnace, thereby safely, efficiently and conveniently determining the damping down stop time.
The embodiment of the application is realized as follows:
the embodiment of the application provides a method for judging the position of a charge level by lowering the charge level and damping down, which comprises the following steps:
arranging a small damping down before damping down and blowing down at the charge level of the blast furnace, and starting damping down at the charge level when the blast furnace is rebleed to the normal state of the furnace condition;
when the charge level of the blast furnace is lowered to the furnace belly part of the blast furnace body, measuring the gas component of the furnace top every 25-35min, and judging that the tuyere is blown empty and the charge level is lowered below the tuyere plane of the blast furnace when the gas component meets the following conditions: CO in coal gas 2 The content is increased to the content of CO in the previous detection coal gas component 2 2-2.6 times of the content; h in coal gas component 2 And the ratio of the content of CO is 0.8-1.1; n in coal gas component 2 The content is increased to more than 80 percent.
In some alternative embodiments, a gas composition meter is installed for measuring the top gas composition during the scheduled lull.
In some alternative embodiments, the static pressure port of the blast furnace shaft is dredged when a small rest is arranged.
In some alternative embodiments, during a minor break, the mechanical bougie is lengthened and the fire protection process of the blast furnace roof equipment is enhanced.
The beneficial effect of this application is: the method for judging the charge level position by lowering the charge level and damping down comprises the following steps: arranging a small damping down before the blast furnace is stopped when the blast furnace is downed, and starting to downed when the blast furnace is rebleed to the normal state of the furnace condition and the damping down of the charge level; when the charge level of the blast furnace is lowered to the bosh part of the blast furnace body, measuring the gas component of the top of the blast furnace every 25-35min, and when the gas component meets the following conditions, judging that the tuyere is blown empty and the charge level is lowered below the tuyere plane of the blast furnace: CO in coal gas 2 The content is increased to the content of CO in the gas component detected in the previous time 2 2-2.6 times of the content; h in coal gas component 2 And the ratio of the content of CO is 0.8-1.1; n in coal gas component 2 The content is increased to more than 80 percent. The method for judging the position of the charge level by damping down the charge level can accurately judge the position of the charge level by the coal gas component at the top of the blast furnace without manually detecting the blast furnace material through a blast furnace tuyere, so that the damping down stop time can be safely, efficiently and conveniently determined.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a gas component content meter for measuring a top gas component every 30min in a method for judging a charge level position by lowering the charge level down in an embodiment of the application;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The characteristics and performance of the method for determining the position of the charge level by blowing down the charge level are further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
3200m for certain iron and steel works 3 The blast furnace is stopped after the blast furnace is cooled down due to the damage of the cooling wall, and the method comprises the following steps: .
Step one, preparing for blowing down and stopping the blast furnace by lowering the charge level, arranging small blowing down before blowing down and stopping the blast furnace by lowering the charge level, installing a gas component tester for detecting gas components at the top of the blast furnace, installing a spray water-fetching device at the top of the blast furnace, and dredging static pressure holes of the blast furnace to be communicated with N 2 2 mechanical measuring rods are lengthened to 26m, and fire prevention treatment is carried out on equipment such as a bleeding valve oil cylinder at the top of the blast furnace.
Step two, formulating a damping plan of the blast furnace charge level reduction, comprising air quantity control, damping charge calculation, furnace top water-filling control scheme and H in coal gas components 2 The upper limit of the content, the gas component measuring frequency of 30min, the gas recovery scheme preparation and the like, and provide basis for damping down ending time, damping down parameter control and gas recovery time.
And step three, re-blasting the blast furnace until the blast furnace is in a normal state, blowing down the material, and starting to descend the material level to blow down. In the blowing-down and blowing-out process, the air is gradually reduced and the pressure is reduced along with the reduction of the charge level, according to the blast furnaceTop gas temperature and H in gas 2 Controlling the water-fetching flow rate according to the content change, measuring the material level height by using a mechanical measuring rod, measuring the top gas component once every 30min, and drawing a gas component curve as shown in figure 1.
Step four, when the charge level is lowered to the furnace belly part at the lower part of the furnace body, a heavy hammer at the lower end of the mechanical stock rod falls off, and the charge level position is difficult to directly judge; and when the charge level is lowered to the position below the furnace belly, the tuyere is frequently hung with slag to be completely black, and whether the charge level is lowered to the position below the central line of the tuyere is judged according to the coal gas components.
The criterion is that the following criteria are satisfied: s1, CO in coal gas component 2 The content of CO is increased to the content of CO in the previous primary coal gas component 2 2-2.6 times of the content; s2, H in coal gas component 2 And the content ratio of CO is 0.8-1.1; s3, N in coal gas component 2 The content is increased to more than 80 percent.
Step five, as can be seen in FIG. 1, CO is measured at the 16 th time of the gas component measurement 2 The content of CO in the 15 th coal gas component before 30min was 16.5% (see Table 1) 2 2.5 times of the content of 6.6 percent; h in the 16 th coal gas 2 And the ratio of the CO content is 0.77/0.78 and is approximately equal to 0.99, N 2 Content 82%; therefore, the tuyere is judged to be blown empty, and the charge level is lowered to the position below the central line of the tuyere.
TABLE 1 15 th and 16 th tests of blast furnace top gas composition
And sixthly, when the charge level is determined to be reduced to be below the central line of the tuyere, damping down to 0 after 15 minutes, and finishing reducing the charge level.
And seventhly, after blowing down and stopping the furnace, the actual position of the charge level can be seen to be below the central line of the tuyere, and the fact that the charge level position is judged to be accurate and feasible according to the coal gas components is verified.
According to the method for judging the position of the charge level by descending the charge level to stop blowing, when the charge level begins to descend to stop blowing on the blast furnace, the components of the gas at the top of the furnace are measured every 25-35min when the charge level is reduced to the lower furnace belly part of the furnace body, and the components of the gas are drawnCurve, as CO in the coal gas component 2 The content of CO is increased to the content of the CO in the previous primary coal gas 2 2-2.6 times of the content of H in the coal gas 2 And the content ratio of CO is 0.8-1.1, and N is contained in the coal gas component 2 When the content is increased to more than 80 percent, judging that the charge level is reduced below the central line of the tuyere, because the following reactions occur in the blast furnace:
C+O 2 ＝CO 2 (1)
CO 2 +C＝2CO (2)
the material at the upper part of the rotary area is gradually reduced, and CO generated by burning coke is gradually reduced 2 The diffusion (reaction 1) rapidly proceeds to the upper region of the raceway, and the number of direct reduction reactions (reaction 2) decreases, which causes a decrease in the CO concentration in the gas and a decrease in the CO2 concentration.
At the same time, the following reactions also occur in the blast furnace:
C+H 2 O＝CO+H 2 (3)
2H 2 +O 2 ＝2H 2 O (4)
2CO+O 2 ＝2CO 2 (5)
CO+FeO＝Fe+CO 2 (6)
H 2 +FeO＝Fe+H 2 (7)
when the tuyere is blown out, the material above the raceway is difficult to cover above the raceway, resulting in the above-mentioned oxidation reaction 3 and oxidation reaction 4 developing, and CO is produced 2 Diffusion to the upper part of the blast furnace, resulting in difficulty in performing the direct reduction reaction 2; CO and H 2 The content is drastically reduced, and the FeO reduction reaction 6 and the FeO reduction reaction 7 are difficult to progress.
Thus, when the material is emptied by the blast air in the tuyere area, it is achieved that:
A. mainly oxidation reaction 1 exists in the blast furnace, oxidation reactions 4 and 5 are carried out in small quantity, and CO is caused 2 Increased content, usually of CO 2 The content of CO in the gas component is increased to the previous time (about 30min interval) 2 2-2.6 times of the content;
B. the reduction reactions 2, 6 and 7 are difficult to proceed, causing H 2 And a reduction in CO content; at the same time, the water gas reaction 3 is carried out in small amounts, in which case H 2 Substantially corresponding to the volume fraction of CO, H in the gas composition 2 And a CO content ratio of about 0.8 to 1.1.
C. Blast air composition N 2 ：78.09％，O 2 : 20.95%, at which point the oxidation reaction consumed O 2 This results in a relative increase in the content of N2 in the gas component, typically to above 80%.
In conclusion, when the charge level is lowered to the position below the furnace belly, the tuyere is frequently coated with slag to be completely black, the coal gas component at the top of the furnace is measured every 30min, and when CO in the coal gas component 2 The content of CO is increased to the content of CO in the previous primary coal gas component 2 2-2.6 times of the content of H in the coal gas 2 And the content ratio of CO is 0.8-1.1, and N is contained in the coal gas component 2 When the content is increased to more than 80 percent, judging that the charge level is lowered below the central line of the tuyere.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the present application. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (4)
1. A method for judging the position of a charge level by lowering the charge level to stop blowing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
arranging a small damping down before damping down and blowing down at the charge level of the blast furnace, and starting damping down at the charge level when the blast furnace is rebleed to the normal state of the furnace condition;
when the charge level of the blast furnace is lowered to the furnace belly part of the blast furnace body, measuring the gas component of the furnace top every 25-35min, and judging that the tuyere is blown empty and the charge level is lowered below the tuyere plane of the blast furnace when the gas component meets the following conditions: CO in coal gas 2 The content is increased to the content of CO in the gas component detected in the previous time 2 2-2.6 times of the content; h in coal gas component 2 And the ratio of the content of CO is 0.8-1.1; n in coal gas component 2 The content is increased to more than 80 percent.
2. The method for judging the position of the charge level by damping down the charge level according to claim 1, wherein a gas composition meter is installed for detecting the composition of the top gas when damping down is scheduled.
3. The method for judging the position of the charge level by damping down the charge level according to claim 1, wherein the static pressure hole of the blast furnace shaft is dredged when the damping down is arranged.
4. The method for judging the position of the charge level by lowering the charge level down according to claim 1, wherein when the small break is arranged, the mechanical stock rod is lengthened and the fire-proof treatment of the blast furnace top equipment is enhanced.
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