CN115040660A - 一种甘露醇修饰的纳米粒及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种甘露醇修饰的纳米粒及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN115040660A
CN115040660A CN202210751758.3A CN202210751758A CN115040660A CN 115040660 A CN115040660 A CN 115040660A CN 202210751758 A CN202210751758 A CN 202210751758A CN 115040660 A CN115040660 A CN 115040660A
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赵永梅
刘天庆
朱岩
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种甘露醇修饰的纳米粒及其制备方法和应用，属于生物医药技术领域。该甘露醇修饰的纳米粒为PEG‑PLGA和Mannose‑PEG‑PLGA包载TMP195后形成的纳米粒，TMP195嵌入PLGA的疏水核心，甘露醇Mannose与PLGA‑PEG聚合物共轭连接并存在于纳米粒外表面。针对M2型巨噬细胞膜表面高表达的甘露糖受体，甘露糖修饰的纳米粒子可以主动靶向M2型巨噬细胞，利用TMP195实现逆转M2表型，从而转变为具有抗肿瘤作用的M1型巨噬细胞。本发明为药物有效的靶向递送提供了一种理想的纳米载体，具有良好的应用前景。

Description

一种甘露醇修饰的纳米粒及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药技术领域，具体涉及一种甘露醇修饰的纳米粒及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）作为肿瘤微环境中主要的浸润性免疫细胞类型，在某些实体肿瘤中可占高达 50%。TAM与大多数癌症的预后不良和化疗耐药有关，在癌症的侵袭和转移中发挥着重要作用。研究表明，TAM具有高度的可塑性，不同的刺激物或微环境的变化可以使巨噬细胞极化成不同的表型，并发挥不同的功能。TAM主要分为经典活化的M1型和替代活化的M2型。在肿瘤微环境中，巨噬细胞大多为M2型，其在诱导肿瘤新生血管形成、促进肿瘤侵袭转移和免疫逃逸等方面具有重要的作用。而M1型巨噬细胞在则抗原呈递、抗肿瘤和分泌多种促炎因子方面具有较高的效率。因此可以通过对M2 型巨噬细胞进行“再教育”，使其从促进肿瘤生长的M2型转变为抑制肿瘤生长的M1型，重新激活机体的抗肿瘤免疫，达到抑制肿瘤的生长和转移的作用。
TMP195 是一种选择性的IIa类组蛋白脱乙酰酶 (HDAC) 抑制剂，可以选择性地重编程肿瘤中的单核细胞和巨噬细胞，从而发挥促炎和抗肿瘤活性，并且TMP195在与其他药物的联合应用中表现出表现出优异的协同作用，因此具有很好的开发前景。但TMP195的溶解度较低，靶向性差，所以迫切需要开发出一种合适的载药系统，以便更好的发挥药效。
研究表明M2型巨噬细胞表面高表达甘露糖受体（MR，CD206），这为靶向M2型巨噬细胞提供了有利的条件，甘露糖基化可以诱导受体介导的纳米颗粒内吞作用，从而提高纳米颗粒对靶细胞的递送效率和特异性。
PEG-PLGA纳米颗粒是一种优异的两亲性嵌段共聚物，PEG-PLGA具有较长的血液半衰期，缓慢释放药物特性和良好生物相容性，可以通过自组装作用将疏水性药物包裹于内核，还可以通过对表面进行修饰来增强纳米颗粒的靶向性。因此，本发明设计以Mannose-PLGA纳米粒作为药物载体，用于TMP195的靶向递送，为药物的巨噬细胞靶向递送提供良好的应用前景。
发明内容
为了克服缺乏靶向肿瘤相关巨噬细胞纳米载体的不足，本发明提供了一种甘露糖修饰的纳米粒Mannose-PLGA-TMP195。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种甘露糖修饰的纳米粒，为PEG-PLGA和Mannose-PEG-PLGA包载TMP195后形成的纳米粒。TMP195嵌入PLGA的疏水核心，甘露醇Mannose与PLGA-PEG聚合物共轭连接并存在于纳米颗粒外表面。
上述甘露糖修饰的纳米粒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，取PEG-PLGA、TMP195、Mannose-PEG-PLGA，溶解于二氯甲烷中；
步骤2，向步骤1的溶液中加入PVA 溶液，混合均匀，出现分层；
步骤3，将步骤2的合液在冰浴条件下，用超声波仪超声处理，形成油包水（W/O）型乳液；
步骤4，取步骤3的油包水（W/O）型乳液，滴入PVA溶液或胆酸钠溶液中，同时室温下进行搅拌，形成水包油包水（W/O/W）型Mannose-PLGA-TMP195纳米乳；
步骤5，将步骤4的Mannose-PLGA-TMP195 纳米乳旋蒸去除溶剂，得到甘露糖修饰的纳米粒。
进一步地，步骤1中PEG-PLGA、TMP195、Mannose-PEG-PLGA的质量比为10:2:1。
进一步地，步骤2中PVA 溶液的浓度为2wt.%。
进一步地，步骤3中的超声条件为工作3s，停止1s，功率0.2kw，时长5min。
进一步地，步骤4中将油包水（W/O）型乳液，滴入PVA溶液，PVA 溶液的浓度为0.6wt.%。
进一步地，步骤4中搅拌条件为500-700rpm，5-10min。
本发明的甘露糖修饰的纳米粒Mannose-PLGA-TMP195，所使用的PEG-PLGA由疏水的PLGA和亲水的PEG组成，具有较长的血液半衰期，缓慢释放药物特性和良好生物相容性。Mannose与PLGA-PEG聚合物的胺基共轭连接并存在于纳米颗粒外表面，构成PLGA纳米粒的外壳，针对M2型巨噬细胞膜表面高表达的甘露糖受体，甘露糖修饰的纳米粒子可以主动靶向M2型巨噬细胞，利用TMP195实现逆转M2表型，从而转变为具有抗肿瘤作用的M1型巨噬细胞。该方法简单易行，为药物有效的靶向递送提供了一种理想的纳米载体，具有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为Mannose-PLGA-TMP195纳米粒的载药原理图。
图2为Mannose-PLGA-TMP195纳米粒的粒径分布图。
图3为PLGA-TMP195和Mannose-PLGA-TMP195纳米粒的透射电子显微镜图。
图4为PLGA-TMP195和Mannose-PLGA-TMP195纳米粒的1H-NMR谱图。
图5为PLGA和Mannose-PLGA纳米粒细胞摄取情况观察图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明，但不应理解为对本发明的限制。在不背离本发明精神和实质的情况下，对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的修改或替换，均属于本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法及未说明配方的试剂均为按照本领域常规条件。
实施例1
甘露糖修饰的纳米粒Mannose-PLGA-TMP195的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，称取20mg PEG-PLGA、4mg TMP195、2mg Mannose-PEG-PLGA 固体，溶解于1.3mL二氯甲烷 (DCM) 中，充分溶解。
步骤2，向步骤1中加入 2 mL 2% PVA 溶液，混合均匀，出现分层。
步骤3，将步骤2中的混合液在冰浴条件下，用超声波仪超声处理5min（工作3s，停止1s，功率0.2kw，时长：5min），即形成油包水（W/O）型乳液。
步骤4，用1mL注射器吸取步骤（3）中的W/O型乳液，匀速滴入10 mL 0.6% PVA溶液中，同时室温下500 rpm搅拌5min，即形成水包油包水（W /O/W）型 Mannose-PLGA-TMP195纳米乳。
步骤5，将步骤4中Mannose-PLGA-TMP195 纳米乳置于真空旋转蒸发仪下，在 40°C条件下缓慢去除溶剂 (DCM) ，得到纳米粒。
参照上述方法制备空白PLGA纳米粒（PLGA NPs），甘露糖修饰的空白纳米粒（Mannose-PLGA NPs）和TMP195纳米粒（PLGA-TMP195）。区别在于步骤一中，PLGA NPs制备需要称取20mg PEG-PLGA固体；Mannose-PLGA NPs制备需要称取20mg PEG-PLGA、2mgMannose-PEG-PLGA 固体；PLGA-TMP195制备需要称取20mg PEG-PLGA、4mg TMP195固体，以上固体药物均需充分溶解于1.3mL二氯甲烷 (DCM) 中。
一、Mannose-PLGA-TMP195纳米粒的形态表征
采用马尔文激光粒度仪测定所制备的甘露糖修饰的纳米粒Mannose-PLGA-TMP195的粒径如图2所示，所制备的纳米颗粒大约30 nm，粒度分布均一。
通过透射电子显微镜对PLGA-TMP195和Mannose-PLGA-TMP195纳米颗粒进行形态学表征。如图3所示，采用磷酸钨负染的PLGA-TMP195与 Mannose-PLGA-TMP195纳米粒形态无明显差异，说明甘露糖修饰后，对纳米粒的形态无显著影响。
利用核磁共振氢谱（1H NMR）检验甘露糖是否嵌入纳米颗粒表面。以CDCl3作为溶剂，PLGA-TMP195和Mannose-PLGA-TMP195的1H NMR谱图如图4所示，证明甘露糖成功组装成纳米颗粒，即成功合成了Mannose-PLGA-TMP195纳米粒。
二、Mannose-PLGA-TMP195纳米粒的细胞摄取情况考察
M2型巨噬细胞表面高表达甘露糖受体，通过甘露糖对纳米粒进行修饰，可以靶向M2 型巨噬细胞，增强细胞对Mannose-PLGA-TMP195纳米粒的摄取能力。
将RAW264.7细胞以 2× 105个细胞/皿的密度接种于35mm 玻底培养皿中，在37℃细胞培养箱中孵育24h。然后加入Cy5荧光标记的纳米粒（PLGA NPs /Mannose-PLGA NPs），分别孵育2 h。随后吸弃培养上清液并用PBS（pH 7.4）洗涤3次，接下来用加入4% 多聚甲醛在室温下固定 15 min，并用PBS洗涤2次。最后使用 DAPI细胞核染色10 min，滴加抗荧光淬灭封片液，并使用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）观察细胞摄取情况。
如图5所示，红色为Cy5荧光标记的纳米粒，蓝色为细胞核染料颜色。结果显示Mannose-PLGA NPs组的细胞内绿色荧光强度明显高于PLGA NPs组，表明甘露糖修饰Mannose-PLGA NPs可以增加巨噬细胞的摄取量。

Claims (8)

1.一种甘露糖修饰的纳米粒，为PEG-PLGA和Mannose-PEG-PLGA包载TMP195后形成的纳米粒，TMP195嵌入PLGA的疏水核心，甘露醇Mannose与PLGA-PEG聚合物共轭连接并存在于纳米粒外表面。
2.权利要求1所述的甘露糖修饰的纳米粒的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
步骤1，取PEG-PLGA、TMP195、Mannose-PEG-PLGA，溶解于二氯甲烷中；
步骤2，向步骤1的溶液中加入PVA 溶液，混合均匀，出现分层；
步骤3，将步骤2的合液在冰浴条件下，用超声波仪超声处理，形成油包水型乳液；
步骤4，取步骤3的油包水型乳液，滴入PVA溶液或胆酸钠溶液中，同时室温下进行搅拌，形成水包油包水型Mannose-PLGA-TMP195纳米乳；
步骤5，将步骤4的Mannose-PLGA-TMP195 纳米乳旋蒸去除溶剂，得到甘露糖修饰的纳米粒。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤1中PEG-PLGA、TMP195、Mannose-PEG-PLGA的质量比为10:2:1。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤2中PVA 溶液的浓度为2wt.%。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤3中的超声条件为工作3s，停止1s，功率0.2kw，时长5min。
6.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤4中将油包水（W/O）型乳液，滴入PVA溶液，PVA 溶液的浓度为0.6wt.%。
7.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤4中搅拌条件为500-700rpm，5-10min。
8.权利要求1所述的甘露糖修饰的纳米粒在制备肿瘤治疗药物中的应用。
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