CN115021834B - Digital phased array calibration and test method based on digital vector network - Google Patents
Digital phased array calibration and test method based on digital vector network Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
- H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
- H04B17/12—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
- H04B17/21—Monitoring; Testing of receivers for calibration; for correcting measurements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a digital phased array calibration and test method based on a digital vector network, which automatically completes the calibration and test of a digital phased array through the digital vector network and a control system. The digital vector network generates an analog signal, transmits the analog signal to the digital phased array and receives a digital signal of the digital phased array; the digital vector network generates a digital signal and sends the digital signal to the digital phased array, and receives an analog signal sent by the digital phased array; comparing the analog signal and the digital signal of the digital vector network to finish the calibration of the digital phased array channel; after calibration, the digital vector network receives the synthetic analog signal and the synthetic digital signal of the digital phased array to obtain a transmitting directional diagram and a receiving directional diagram of the digital phased array. The digital vector network, the working mode of the digital phased array, signal data and the like are set by the control system. The digital phased array calibration and test method of the invention realizes the high-precision, high-efficiency and highly automatic calibration and test of the digital phased array, and makes the calibration and test process of the digital phased array convenient and fast.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a calibration and test method for a digital phased array, belongs to the technical field of digital phased arrays, and particularly relates to a digital phased array calibration and test method based on a digital vector network.
Background
With the rapid development of semiconductor microelectronics, digital beam synthesis (DBF) technology is applied to phased array systems, and digital phased arrays become a new type of phased arrays. The digital phased array is different from the traditional phased array which adopts an attenuator, a phase shifter and the like to realize the control of wave beams, adopts a digital signal processing technology to carry out amplitude weighting and phase regulation and control on array channel signals, realizes more accurate wave beam pointing and flexible wave beam forming, and has the advantages of being easier to realize simultaneous multi-wave beams, higher network throughput, lower network discovery time and the like, so that the digital phased array has wide development prospect in the military and commercial fields of radar detection, satellite communication, mobile base station communication and the like.
Due to the influence of factors such as device performance difference among channels of the array, clock and synchronous signal transmission path difference, actual position error of the array antenna units, mutual coupling effect among the array antenna units and the like, initial phases and amplitudes among the array channels have inconsistency, and an array beam pattern is distorted, so that the digital phased array provides higher requirements for channel consistency. Before the digital phased array is used, the consistency among array channels needs to be improved through array channel calibration, and the calibration precision influences the system performance of the digital phased array to a great extent.
At present, most of phased array calibration methods at home and abroad are realized by aiming at analog phased arrays, and the methods mainly comprise the following three methods:
the method is a rotary electric vector method, and the excitation amplitude and the phase of each channel in each beam direction are obtained by measuring the far-field power change curve of the whole array in the specific beam direction through changing the phase of each channel one by one. The method only needs to measure the radiation power of the antenna array, and has low requirement on test equipment. However, the method needs to measure each beam direction of each channel for multiple times, and the calibration efficiency is low as the number of channels increases;
the second method is to use the electromagnetic coupling effect between the antennas, and to complete the radiation of the signal from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna by configuring one channel as the transmitting state and the other channel as the receiving state, so as to obtain the amplitude and phase difference between the channels. For the array with inconsistent coupling coefficients and large scale among the antennas, the method needs a very complex algorithm to obtain accurate amplitude-phase difference, and has low calibration precision and calibration efficiency;
the third method is to carry out calibration in a darkroom through a simulated vector network, which is a more general means at present, and the specific method is as follows: the simulation vector network generates simulation signals and sends the simulation signals to the test antenna, the phased array receives the simulation signals, and the calibration of receiving channels is realized by changing the receiving channels and comparing the signal difference among different receiving channels; then, the simulation vector network generates simulation signals and sends the simulation signals to different transmitting channels of the phased array, the test antenna receives the signals and sends the signals to the simulation vector network, and the signals received by the simulation vector network and from the different transmitting channels are compared to realize the calibration of the transmitting channels. The method has the advantages of high calibration speed and high calibration precision. However, the digital phased array will realize the conversion between the digital transceiving signal and the analog transceiving signal, the array transceiving interface signals are all digital signals, and the input and output signals of the analog vector network are all analog signals, so the conventional analog vector network is not suitable for the calibration of the digital phased array.
In summary, the existing calibration method for the phased array at home and abroad has the problems of low efficiency, low calibration precision, inapplicability to digital phased array calibration and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the initial phase and amplitude between digital phased array channels need high consistency, the invention overcomes the problems of low efficiency, low calibration precision, inapplicability to digital phased array calibration and the like in the prior calibration technology, and provides a digital phased array calibration and test method based on a digital vector network, which has high calibration precision, high calibration efficiency and high automation degree of the calibration process.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the digital phased array calibration and test method based on the digital vector network finishes the calibration and test of the digital phased array through the digital vector network and a control system; the digital vector network analyzer comprises an analog domain processing part and a digital domain processing part, wherein an analog domain port of the digital vector network is connected with a vector network antenna, and a digital domain port of the digital vector network is connected with a digital phased array; the digital vector network, the mechanical arm and the digital phased array are controlled by the control system, and the mechanical arm is used for controlling the position of the vector network antenna;
the digital vector network has the functions of generating an analog domain transmitting signal, receiving the analog domain signal, completing signal sampling, generating a digital domain transmitting signal and receiving a digital domain signal;
the digital vector network comprises the following working modes in an analog domain and a digital domain: an analog domain transmission mode, referred to as an 'AT' mode for short; analog domain reception mode, referred to as "AR" mode for short; digital domain transmit mode, abbreviated as "DT" mode; digital domain reception mode, abbreviated "DR" mode;
the control system has the functions of controlling the working modes of an analog domain and a digital domain of the digital vector network, controlling the channel switch of the digital phased array, regulating and controlling the phase of a channel of the digital phased array, controlling the mechanical arm to move the vector network antenna to a specified position, and storing historical data.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, calibrating a digital phased array transmitting channel, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, the control system sends 'DT', 'AR' instructions and the phase of the digital signal to the digital vector network
And amplitude A 0 Information, namely configuring an analog domain port of the digital vector network into a receiving signal mode, configuring a digital domain port of the digital vector network into a transmitting signal mode, and enabling the digital vector network to generate a phase of
Amplitude of A 0 The digital reference signal of (a) is sent to the digital phased array;
s12, the control system controls the moving position of the mechanical arm to enable the vector network antenna to be aligned to the nth transmitting antenna position of the digital phased array, and the vector network antenna receives signals;
s13, the control system opens the nth transmitting channel of the digital phased array, closes other channels, commands the digital phased array to convert the digital reference signal into an analog signal, and transmits the analog signal through an antenna of the transmitting channel;
s14, obtaining the phase of the vector network antenna receiving signal in the analog domain of the digital vector network
And amplitude A n Thus the calibration phase of the nth transmit channel of the digital phased array is
Calibration amplitude of A TXn ＝A 0 /A n ；
S15, the control system stores the calibration phase of the nth transmitting channel chn
And a calibration amplitude A TXn And closing the digital phased array chn transmitting channel;
s16, repeating S12-S15 until calibration phases and calibration amplitudes of all transmitting channels of the digital phased array are obtained;
s2, calibrating a digital phased array receiving channel, specifically comprising the following steps:
s21, the control system sends DR and AT commands and the phase beta of the analog signal to the digital vector network 0 And amplitude B 0 Configuring a digital domain port of the digital vector network to receive a signal mode, configuring an analog domain port of the digital vector network to transmit a signal mode, and making the digital vector network generate a phase β 0 Amplitude of B 0 The analog signal is sent to a vector network antenna and is transmitted out through the vector network antenna;
s22, the control system controls the moving position of the mechanical arm to enable the vector network antenna to be aligned with the nth receiving antenna of the digital phased array;
s23, the control system opens the nth receiving channel of the digital phased array to receive signals, closes other channels, converts the receiving signals into digital signals by the digital phased array and sends the digital signals to the digital vector network;
S24. obtaining the phase beta of the nth channel receiving signal of the digital phased array by the digital domain of the digital vector network n And amplitude B n Thus, the calibration phase of the nth receive channel of the digital phased array is β RXn ＝β n -β 0 With a calibration amplitude of B RXn ＝B 0 /B n ；
S25, the control system stores the calibration phase beta of the nth receiving channel RXn And a calibration amplitude B RXn Closing the nth receiving channel of the digital phased array;
s26, repeating S22-S25 until calibration phases and calibration amplitudes of all receiving channels of the digital phased array are obtained;
s3, testing a digital phased array emission directional diagram, specifically comprising the following steps:
s31, configuring a working mode of a digital vector network and a working state of a digital phased array by a control system;
s32, the control system controls the mechanical arm to move within a specified electric field scanning range, meanwhile, the vector network antenna receives signals and sends the signals to an analog domain port of the digital vector network, the digital vector network obtains the level of the vector network antenna receiving signals, and the control system stores the level;
s33, obtaining a transmitting directional diagram of the digital phased array through calculation of an electric field conversion method;
s4, testing a digital phased array receiving directional diagram, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s41, configuring a working mode of a digital vector network and a working state of a digital phased array by a control system;
s42, the control system controls the mechanical arm to move within a specified electric field scanning range, simultaneously all receiving antennas of the digital phased array receive signals simultaneously, and the received analog signals are converted into digital signals and sent to a digital domain port of the digital vector network;
s43, obtaining the phase and the amplitude of the received signal of each channel through digital domain processing of the digital vector network, and subtracting the phase of the received signal of each channel
Amplitude of received signalDegree multiplied by B RXn Then, sending the data of the received signal to a control system;
and S44, the control system stores the signal level value of each receiving channel of the digital phased array, and a receiving directional diagram of the digital phased array is obtained through calculation of an electric field conversion method.
Further, in step S31, the digitvector operation mode is: the control system sends an 'AR' instruction to the digital vector network, so that an analog domain port of the vector network antenna is in a receiving mode;
the working state of the digital phased array is as follows: the control system opens all the transmitting channels of the digital phased array and configures the phase of each channel to be the initial phase minus
Amplitude is the initial amplitude value multiplied by A TXn And n represents the nth transmitting channel, and all transmitting antennas of the digital phased array transmit signals simultaneously after the configuration is finished.
Further, in step S41, the digital vector network operation mode is: the control system sends an AT command and initial phase and initial amplitude information of a test signal to the digital vector network, so that the vector network antenna generates the test signal of the initial phase and the initial amplitude in a simulation domain, and transmits the test signal through the vector network antenna;
the working state of the digital phased array is as follows: the control system opens all the receiving channels of the digital phased array.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: the invention can automatically finish the phase calibration and the amplitude calibration of the digital phased array transmitting channel and the receiving channel and the test of the digital phased array transmitting directional diagram and the digital phased array receiving directional diagram through the digital vector network. The high-precision, high-efficiency and high-automation calibration and test of the digital phased array are realized, and the calibration and test process of the digital phased array is convenient and quick. The calibration process and the test process of the invention can be completely remotely controlled by the control system, and the calibration data and the test data can be stored, thereby facilitating observation and analysis, reducing the manual workload, and greatly improving the calibration efficiency, the calibration precision and the test efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a digital phased array calibration and test apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention for calibration of digital phased array transmit channels;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the present invention for performing calibration of the digital phased array receive channel;
fig. 4 is a flow chart of the present invention for performing digital phased array transmit and receive pattern testing.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, in the digital phased array calibration and test method based on the digital vector network of the present invention, the digital phased array calibration and test is completed by the digital vector network and the control system; the digital vector network analyzer comprises an analog domain processing part and a digital domain processing part, wherein an analog domain port of the digital vector network is connected with a vector network antenna, and a digital domain port of the digital vector network is connected with a digital phased array; the control system is used for controlling the digital vector network, the mechanical arm and the digital phased array, and the mechanical arm is used for controlling the position of the vector network antenna;
the digital vector network has the functions of generating an analog domain transmitting signal, receiving the analog domain signal, completing signal sampling, generating a digital domain transmitting signal and receiving a digital domain signal;
the digital vector network comprises the following working modes in an analog domain and a digital domain: analog domain transmission mode, called AT mode for short; analog domain receiving mode, called AR mode for short; digital domain transmit mode, abbreviated as "DT" mode; digital domain reception mode, abbreviated as "DR" mode;
the invention completes the calibration and directional diagram test of the whole digital phased array by a control system based on a digital vector network, and the control system has the functions of controlling the working modes of an analog domain (A) and a digital domain (D) of the digital vector network, controlling the channel switch of the digital phased array, regulating and controlling the phase of a digital phased array channel, controlling a mechanical arm to move a vector network antenna to a specified position, and storing historical data.
Before the digital phased array is standardized and tested, because the digital vector network analog domain port is connected with the vector network antenna through a section of conducting wire, analog signals can generate certain phase deviation and level loss in the conducting wire, and system errors exist inside the digital vector network, and the errors are not caused among channels of the digital phased array, so that the digital phased array needs to be processed in the digital vector network in advance, namely standard components in the digital vector network are used for carrying out system error calibration. The specific method for calibrating the systematic error by the standard part comprises the following steps: the digital vector network and the conducting wire are independently used, two ends of the used conducting wire are connected to the analog domain interfaces of the digital vector network, the digital vector network is provided with one of the analog domain interfaces as a signal transmitting end and the other analog domain interface as a signal receiving end, and signals of the digital vector network are transmitted to the signal receiving end from the signal transmitting end through the conducting wire, so that the digital vector network obtains phase deviation in the analog domain
And amplitude deviation A L Stored in the digital vector network, and the tested phase is automatically subtracted when the digital vector network is formally operated
Amplitude of the test is automatically multiplied by A L . Then, a device for calibrating and testing the digital phased array is connected, and as shown in fig. 1, a control system is connected with the digital vector network, the digital phased array and the mechanical arm; one end of the conducting wire is connected with the digital vector network analog domain port, and the other end of the conducting wire is connected with the vector network antenna; and a digital domain port of the digital vector network is connected with the digital phased array.
Before testing the digital phased array, a transmitting channel and a receiving channel of the digital phased array are calibrated, and the two calibrations are not carried out in sequence. Calibrating a digital phased array transmitting channel to enable the initial phase and the initial amplitude of each channel to be the same, wherein the basic principle is as follows: the digital vector network generates a digital reference signal, the digital signal is converted into an analog signal through a to-be-calibrated transmitting channel of the digital phased array and transmitted out, the vector network antenna receives the analog signal, and the received signal is transmitted to an analog domain port of the digital vector network. The basic principle of calibrating the digital phased array receiving channels to enable the initial phase and the initial amplitude of each channel before receiving signals to be the same is as follows: the digital vector network generates an analog signal which is transmitted through the vector network antenna, the to-be-calibrated receiving channel of the digital phased array receives the signal and converts the received analog signal into a digital signal which is transmitted to a digital domain port of the digital vector network, and therefore, in the digital vector network, the phase and the amplitude of the to-be-calibrated receiving channel receiving signal and the phase and the amplitude of the analog signal are compared, and the calibration phase and the calibration amplitude generated in the digital phased array receiving channel are obtained.
The digital phased array calibration comprises receiving channel calibration and transmitting channel calibration; when the receiving channel is calibrated, the digital vector network generates an analog transmitting signal, the signal is radiated to a digital phased array surface through the vector network antenna, after the sampling of the receiving signal is completed by different receiving channels of the digital phased array, the digital receiving signal is sent to the digital vector network, and the calibration of the receiving channel is realized by comparing the difference between the signals of the different receiving channels and the transmitting signal of the digital vector network; when the transmitting channels are calibrated, the digital vector network generates digital transmitting signals and sends the digital transmitting signals to different transmitting channels of the digital phased array, the different transmitting channels of the digital phased array convert the digital signals into analog signals and then transmit the analog signals, the vector network antenna receives the analog signals and returns the analog signals to the digital vector network, and the signals generated by the digital vector network and the digital vector network receiving signals corresponding to the different transmitting channels are compared to realize the calibration of the transmitting channels.
The digital phased array test comprises a receiving directional diagram test and a transmitting directional diagram test, when the receiving directional diagram test is carried out, the vector network antenna transmits an analog signal generated by a digital vector network, all receiving channels of the digital phased array are opened for receiving, all the receiving channels convert the analog signal into a digital signal and transmit the digital signal to the digital vector network, and the test of a receiving directional diagram is realized; when a transmitting directional diagram is tested, the digital vector network generates digital signals and sends the digital signals to the digital phased array, all transmitting channels of the digital phased array are opened, the digital signals are converted into analog signals to be transmitted, the vector network antenna receives the signals and returns the analog signals to the digital vector network to sample the signals, and therefore the transmitting directional diagram is tested.
The invention relates to a digital phased array calibration and test method based on a digital vector network, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, calibrating a digital phased array transmitting channel, as shown in FIG. 2, specifically as follows:
s11, the control system sends 'DT', 'AR' instructions and the phase of the digital signal to the digital vector network
And amplitude A 0 Information, namely configuring an analog domain port of the digital vector network into a receiving signal mode, configuring a digital domain port of the digital vector network into a transmitting signal mode, and enabling the digital vector network to generate a phase of
Amplitude of A 0 Of the digital reference signal
Sending the signal to a digital phased array, wherein f is a signal frequency;
s12, the control system controls the moving position of the mechanical arm to enable the vector network antenna to be aligned to the nth transmitting antenna position of the digital phased array, and the vector network antenna receives signals;
s13, the control system opens the nth transmitting channel of the digital phased array, closes other channels, commands the digital phased array to convert the digital reference signal into an analog signal, and transmits the analog signal through an antenna of the transmitting channel;
s14, obtaining the phase of the vector network antenna receiving signal in the analog domain of the digital vector network
And amplitude A n And receive the signal
Sent to the control system for storage, so that the calibration phase of the nth transmitting channel of the digital phased array is
Calibration amplitude of A TXn ＝A 0 /A n ；
S15, the control system stores the calibration phase of the nth transmission channel chn
And a calibration amplitude A TXn And closing the digital phased array chn transmitting channel;
s16, repeating S12-S15 until calibration phases and calibration amplitudes of all transmitting channels of the digital phased array are obtained;
s2, calibrating a digital phased array receiving channel, as shown in FIG. 3, specifically as follows:
s21, the control system sends DR and AT commands and the phase beta of the analog signal to the digital vector network 0 And amplitude B 0 Configuring a digital domain port of the digital vector network to receive a signal mode, configuring an analog domain port of the digital vector network to transmit a signal mode, and making the digital vector network generate a phase β 0 Amplitude of B 0 Analog signal B of 0 cos(2πft+β 0 ) Transmitting the signal to a vector network antenna and transmitting the signal through the vector network antenna;
s22, controlling the mechanical arm to move by the control system, and enabling the vector network antenna to be aligned to the nth receiving antenna of the digital phased array;
s23, the control system opens the nth receiving channel of the digital phased array to receive signals, other channels are closed, and the digital phased array converts the received signals into digital signals and sends the digital signals to the digital vector network;
s24, obtaining the phase beta of the nth channel receiving signal of the digital phased array by the digital domain of the digital vector network n And amplitude B n And the signal B is n cos(2πft+β n ) The calibration phase sent to the control system is stored as beta for the nth receiving channel of the digital phased array RXn ＝β n -β 0 With a calibration amplitude ofB RXn ＝B 0 /B n ；
S25, the control system stores the calibration phase beta of the nth receiving channel RXn And a calibration amplitude B RXn Closing the nth receiving channel of the digital phased array;
s26, repeating S22-S25 until calibration phases and calibration amplitudes of all receiving channels of the digital phased array are obtained;
and calibrating all transmitting channels and receiving channels of the digital phased array, without changing any device, and testing the transmitting directional diagram and the receiving directional diagram of the digital phased array by using the same device, wherein the two tests are not carried out in sequence.
And S3, testing a digital phased array emission directional diagram, as shown in FIG. 4, specifically as follows:
s31, configuring a working mode of a digital vector network and a working state of a digital phased array by a control system;
the digital vector network working mode is as follows: the control system sends an 'AR' instruction to the digital vector network, so that an analog domain port of the vector network antenna is in a receiving mode, and the analog domain of the digital vector network processes a receiving signal;
the working state of the digital phased array is as follows: the control system opens all the transmitting channels of the digital phased array and configures the phase of each channel to be the initial phase minus
Amplitude is the initial amplitude value multiplied by A TXn N represents the nth transmitting channel, and all transmitting antennas of the digital phased array transmit signals simultaneously after configuration; in this embodiment, the test signal is set to A 0 cos (2 π ft), then the transmit signal for each transmit channel is
S32, the control system controls the robot arm to move within a predetermined electric field scanning range, and in this embodiment, the scanning position D =5 m and the scanning range S = (2 × 2) m of the emission pattern to be tested are set 2 Scanning grid point distance d =0.2 meter, firstly controlling the mechanical arm to move the vector network antenna toScanning the vertex position of the range, simultaneously receiving the signal by the vector network antenna, sending the signal to an analog domain port of the digital vector network, obtaining the level of the signal received by the vector network antenna by the digital vector network, and storing the level by a control system; simultaneously sending a response signal to the control system, controlling the mechanical arm by the control system to enable the vector network antenna to move to the next lattice point position in the scanning range, and then repeating the signal transmitting and receiving operation; repeating the operations of moving the vector network antenna and receiving and transmitting signals until all grid points in the scanning range receive the signals of the digital phased array;
s33, calculating various electric field conversion methods such as a near field far field pushing method or a near field court pushing method to obtain an emission directional diagram of the digital phased array;
s4, testing a digital phased array receiving directional diagram, as shown in FIG. 4, specifically as follows:
s41, configuring a working mode of a digital vector network and a working state of a digital phased array by a control system;
the digital vector network working mode is as follows: the control system sends an AT command and initial phase and initial amplitude information of the test signal to the digital vector network, so that the vector network antenna generates the test signal B with the initial phase and the initial amplitude in the analog domain 0 cos (2 pi ft), and transmitting the test signal through a vector network antenna;
the working state of the digital phased array is as follows: the control system opens all the receiving channels of the digital phased array.
S42, the control system controls the robot arm to move within a predetermined electric field scanning range, and in this embodiment, the scanning position D =5 m and the scanning range S = (2 × 2) m of the reception pattern are set 2 Scanning grid point distance d =0.2 m, firstly controlling the mechanical arm to move the vector network antenna to the vertex position of a scanning range, simultaneously receiving signals by all receiving antennas of the digital phased array, converting the received analog signals into digital signals, and sequentially sending the digital signals to a digital domain port of the digital vector network; then the control system controls the mechanical arm to enable the vector network antenna to move to the next lattice point position in the scanning range, and the signal transmitting and receiving operation is repeated; repeating the above operations of vector network antenna movement and signal transceiving until the station in the scanning rangeReceiving the signals of the digital phased array by the grid points;
s43, obtaining the phase and the amplitude of the received signal of each channel through digital domain processing of the digital vector network, and subtracting the phase of the received signal of each channel
Amplitude of received signal multiplied by B RXn Then, sending the data of the received signal to a control system; if the signal of the nth receiving antenna is measured by the digital vector network to be B n cos(2πft+β n ) If yes, the control system obtains the actual signal of the nth receiving antenna as B n B RXn cos(2πft+(β n -β RXn ))；
And S44, the control system stores the signal level value of each receiving channel of the digital phased array, and the receiving directional diagram of the digital phased array is obtained through calculation of electric field conversion methods such as a near field push far field method or a near field push ball field method.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The digital phased array calibration and test method based on the digital vector network is characterized in that the digital phased array calibration and test are completed through the digital vector network and a control system; the digital vector network analyzer comprises an analog domain processing part and a digital domain processing part, wherein an analog domain port of the digital vector network is connected with a vector network antenna, and a digital domain port of the digital vector network is connected with a digital phased array; the digital vector network, the mechanical arm and the digital phased array are controlled by the control system, and the mechanical arm is used for controlling the position of the vector network antenna;
the digital vector network has the functions of generating an analog domain transmitting signal, receiving the analog domain signal, completing signal sampling, generating a digital domain transmitting signal and receiving a digital domain signal;
the digital vector network comprises the following working modes in an analog domain and a digital domain: analog domain transmission mode, called AT mode for short; analog domain reception mode, referred to as "AR" mode for short; digital domain transmission mode, abbreviated as "DT" mode; digital domain reception mode, abbreviated "DR" mode;
the control system has the functions of controlling the working modes of an analog domain and a digital domain of the digital vector network, controlling the channel switch of the digital phased array, regulating and controlling the phase of a channel of the digital phased array, controlling a mechanical arm to move the vector network antenna to a specified position, and storing historical data;
the digital phased array calibration and test specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, calibrating a digital phased array transmitting channel, specifically comprising the following steps:
s11, the control system sends 'DT', 'AR' commands and the phase of the digital signal to the digital vector network
And amplitude A 0 Information, namely configuring an analog domain port of the digital vector network into a receiving signal mode, configuring a digital domain port of the digital vector network into a transmitting signal mode, and enabling the digital vector network to generate a phase of
Amplitude of A 0 The digital reference signal of (a) is sent to the digital phased array;
s12, the control system controls the moving position of the mechanical arm to enable the vector network antenna to be aligned to the nth transmitting antenna position of the digital phased array, and the vector network antenna receives signals;
s13, the control system opens the nth transmitting channel of the digital phased array, closes other channels, commands the digital phased array to convert the digital reference signal into an analog signal, and transmits the analog signal through an antenna of the transmitting channel;
s14, obtaining the phase of the vector network antenna receiving signal in the analog domain of the digital vector networkBit (C)
And amplitude A n Thus the calibration phase of the nth transmit channel of the digital phased array is
Calibration amplitude of A TXn ＝A 0 /A n ；
S15, the control system stores the calibration phase of the nth transmission channel chn
And a calibration amplitude A TXn And closing the digital phased array chn transmitting channel;
s16, repeating S12-S15 until calibration phases and calibration amplitudes of all transmitting channels of the digital phased array are obtained;
s2, calibrating a digital phased array receiving channel, specifically comprising the following steps:
s21, the control system sends DR and AT commands and the phase beta of the analog signal to the digital vector network 0 And amplitude B 0 Configuring a digital domain port of the digital vector network to receive a signal mode, configuring an analog domain port of the digital vector network to transmit a signal mode, and making the digital vector network generate a phase β 0 Amplitude of B 0 The analog signal is sent to a vector network antenna and is transmitted out through the vector network antenna;
s22, controlling the mechanical arm to move by the control system, and enabling the vector network antenna to be aligned to the nth receiving antenna of the digital phased array;
s23, the control system opens the nth receiving channel of the digital phased array to receive signals, other channels are closed, and the digital phased array converts the received signals into digital signals and sends the digital signals to the digital vector network;
s24, obtaining the phase beta of the nth channel receiving signal of the digital phased array by the digital domain of the digital vector network n And amplitude B n Thus, the calibration phase of the nth receive channel of the digital phased array is β RXn ＝β n -β 0 With a calibration amplitude of B RXn ＝B 0 /B n ；
S25, the control system stores the calibration phase beta of the nth receiving channel RXn And a calibration amplitude B RXn Closing the nth receiving channel of the digital phased array;
s26, repeating S22-S25 until calibration phases and calibration amplitudes of all receiving channels of the digital phased array are obtained;
s3, testing a digital phased array emission directional diagram, specifically comprising the following steps:
s31, configuring a working mode of a digital vector network and a working state of a digital phased array by a control system;
s32, the control system controls the mechanical arm to move within a specified electric field scanning range, meanwhile, the vector network antenna receives signals and sends the signals to an analog domain port of the digital vector network, the digital vector network obtains the level of the vector network antenna receiving signals, and the control system stores the level;
s33, obtaining a transmitting directional diagram of the digital phased array through calculation of an electric field conversion method;
s4, testing a digital phased array receiving directional diagram, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s41, configuring a working mode of a digital vector network and a working state of a digital phased array by a control system;
s42, the control system controls the mechanical arm to move within a specified electric field scanning range, simultaneously all receiving antennas of the digital phased array receive signals at the same time, converts the received analog signals into digital signals and sends the digital signals to a digital domain port of the digital vector network;
s43, obtaining the phase and the amplitude of the received signal of each channel through digital domain processing of the digital vector network, and subtracting beta from the phase of the received signal of each channel RXn Amplitude of received signal multiplied by B RXn Then, sending the data of the received signal to a control system;
and S44, the control system stores the signal level value of each receiving channel of the digital phased array, and a receiving directional diagram of the digital phased array is obtained through calculation of an electric field conversion method.
2. The digital phased array calibration and test method based on digital vector network according to claim 1, wherein in step S31, the digital vector network operation mode is: the control system sends an 'AR' instruction to the digital vector network, so that an analog domain port of the vector network antenna is in a receiving mode;
the working state of the digital phased array is as follows: the control system opens all the transmitting channels of the digital phased array and configures the phase of each channel to be the initial phase minus
Amplitude is the initial amplitude value multiplied by A TXn And n represents the nth transmitting channel, and all transmitting antennas of the digital phased array simultaneously transmit signals after the configuration is finished.
3. The digital phased array calibration and test method based on the digital vector network as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said step S41, the digital vector network operation mode is: the control system sends an AT command and initial phase and initial amplitude information of a test signal to the digital vector network, so that the vector network antenna generates the test signal of the initial phase and the initial amplitude in a simulation domain, and transmits the test signal through the vector network antenna;
the working state of the digital phased array is as follows: the control system opens all the receiving channels of the digital phased array.
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