CN108155958A - Extensive mimo antenna array far field calibration system - Google Patents
Extensive mimo antenna array far field calibration system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108155958A CN108155958A CN201711173958.0A CN201711173958A CN108155958A CN 108155958 A CN108155958 A CN 108155958A CN 201711173958 A CN201711173958 A CN 201711173958A CN 108155958 A CN108155958 A CN 108155958A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
- H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
- H04B17/12—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of extensive mimo antenna array far field calibration system, the calibration accuracy of beam direction error caused by sensor position uncertainties and amplitude phase error in tested aerial array can be effectively improved using the present invention.The technical scheme is that：The tested relative position between aerial array and beacon antenna of Servocontrol device control, change wave beam departure angle of the transmitting beacon antenna to the beams incident angle or tested transmitting antenna array for being tested receiving antenna array to reception beacon antenna, the tested aerial array feeding network of phased array wave control device control all phase shifter, attenuator, switch and numerical weighted, data send the digital signal sent with the tested transmitting antenna array of harvester control with emitting beacon antenna, acquire the digital signal that tested receiving antenna array is received with receiving beacon antenna；Tested antenna array elements site error, amplitude phase error are calculated based on digital domain signal Processing Algorithm, export the calibration result of tested aerial array.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of calibration systems of intelligent antenna array, big in particular by the millimeter wave of mixed-beam forming
Scale multiple antennas is sent and multiple antennas receives the calibration of (multiple-input multiple-output, MIMO) aerial array
System.
Background technology
It is sent using multiple antennas and multiple antennas reception (multiple-input multiple-output, MIMO) technology is
Wireless space dimension resource, the Basic Ways for improving spectrum efficiency and power efficiency are excavated, in the past 20 years always mobile communication
One of mainstream technology of area research exploitation.MIMO technology can provide diversity gain, spatial multiplexing gain and power gain.Diversity increases
Benefit can improve the reliability of system, and spatial multiplexing gain can support the spatial reuse of single user and the space division multiplexing of multi-user, and
Power gain can improve the power efficiency of system by beam forming.At present, MIMO technology is by LTE (long term
Evolution, LTE), the wireless communication standards such as IEEE 802.11ac are adopted.But existing 4G system base-stations configuration antenna
Number it is less, spatial resolution is low, and performance gain is still limited.
To adapt to the explosive growth of mobile data services, wireless communication system must be significantly increased spectrum efficiency.Big rule
Mould MIMO technology come the relatively small number of user of quantity of service, can effectively improve spectrum efficiency using a large amount of antennas.On a large scale
MIMO is provided enough spatial degrees of freedom, is excavated with depth and utilize Spatial Dimension by disposing a large amount of antenna in base station side
Radio resource, while the preferential system optimization criterion of energy efficiency is introduced, so as to which the spectrum efficiency for solving future mobile communications is asked
Topic and power and energy consumption efficiency problem.The essential characteristic of antenna system is on a large scale：Tens of are configured in base station coverage area
Even hundreds of or more antennas increase more than a magnitude compared with 4 (or 8) root antenna numbers in 4G systems.These antenna is dispersible
(it is known as large-scale distributed MIMO, i.e. Large-scale Distributed MIMO) or in cell with extensive antenna
Array way, which is concentrated, places and (is known as extensive MIMO, i.e. Massive MIMO).Theoretical research and preliminary performance evaluation result table
It is bright, as antenna for base station number (or distributed node main aerial number) tends to be infinitely great, it will tend to be orthogonal between multiuser channel.
In this case, Gaussian noise and orthogonal inter-cell interference will tend to disappear, and user's transmission power can be arbitrary
It is low.At this point, the capacity of single user is limited solely by other cells using the interference of the user of same pilot sequence.
As number of mobile users purpose sharply increases and the introducing of broadband services, demand of the people to mobile communication volume with
Day all increasings.After time domain, frequency domain, code domain resource are fully excavated, scarcity of resources problem is more and more prominent.And lead in practical
Multi-access inference, channel fading etc. are widely present in letter system, serious influence is also produced on system performance and capacity, it is how right
Anti-fading and interference, and then the availability of frequency spectrum is improved, become the problem of radio communication service is anxious to be resolved.The exploitation of spatial domain resource
The sight of people is naturally entered, smart antenna is exactly to come into being in this context.As its name suggests, smart antenna
Intelligence is embodied on adaptive, and the antenna array that it is made of mutiple antennas according to certain structural arrangement, each antenna is followed by
One weighter (is multiplied by some weight coefficient, this coefficient is typically plural number, as the amplitude of accommodation and phase, generally all
As adjusting phase), finally merged again with adder.The meaning of intelligence, which is primarily referred to as these weighting coefficients, suitably to be changed
Become, adaptive adjustment.Smart antenna uses space division multiple access (Space Division Multiple Access, SDMA) skill
Art using the difference of signal in the propagation direction, and is distinguished from spatial domain by same frequency, with the signal of time slot.It and its
His multiplexing technology, expanding communication capacity that can be at double utilize limited frequency spectrum resource to greatest extent.Due to smart antenna array
It is listed in during design, use inevitably there are error in mounting position, range error, phase error etc., so as to cause intelligence
The gain of energy antenna and direction change.The extensive mimo antenna array of millimeter wave is since working frequency range is high, wavelength is short, array
Arrangement is close, and being more susceptible to couple the amplitude phase error of generation between sensor position uncertainties and array element influences.Beam forming is array antenna
Key technology, be directed toward desired orientation by forming the wave beam of definite shape, improve signal-to-noise ratio.Smart antenna can be used for base
It stands end, mobile terminal etc. can also be used.Smart antenna for base station end is a kind of array day being made of mutiple antennas unit
Line.It changes the directional diagram of antenna by adjusting each array element signals weight vector, to inhibit to interfere, improves signal-to-noise ratio.It can be certainly
It is dynamic to measure user direction, and pass through and adjust weight vector direction user, change so as to fulfill wave beam with the movement of user.It can
The diversity gain of antenna gain, i.e. multiple antennas is improved, reduces signal transmission power, reduces user equipment body.Intelligent antenna array
Beam forming can be realized in digital baseband, Analog Baseband and radio frequency.Digital baseband beam forming have flexibility it is good, can be same
When transmission multi-stream data the characteristics of.But realize that the requirement of pure digi-tal base band beam forming is that every antenna configuration one is exclusive
Radio frequency/AFE(analog front end).This is very big challenge for extensive mimo system.In comparison, in Analog Baseband or radio frequency
It realizes that beam forming then only needs one or a small amount of radio frequency/AFE(analog front end), is a kind of generally to be adopted by current millimeter-wave systems
The solution of low cost and low overhead is exchanged for sacrifice a part of performance.In recent years, as mimo system is to big
The differentiation in scale direction, the fairly large antenna system of low complex degree centralization become a research hotspot again.Due to antenna number
More than radio frequency/AFE(analog front end) number, a part of array beams forming needs to be transferred to analog domain progress, and another part is then retained
It is carried out in numeric field, so as to form the structure of two-stage treatment.It is limited by implementation complexity, the signal processing spirit on analog domain
Activity is poor compared with numeric field.Therefore, the preconditioning technique of traditional pure digi-tal base band can be not applied directly in this kind of antenna system.
It is generally referred to as analog beam forming in the beam forming that analog domain carries out, and the beam forming carried out in numeric field is digital beam
Forming.The research of the existing key technology to such fairly large antenna system be concentrated mainly on analog/digital hybrid wave beam into
In shape.
The premise that array antenna forms high quality wave beam is the error between multichannel radiation to be controlled or reception signal, is protected
Hold amplitude, the phase equalization of interchannel.Inevitably there are installation site mistakes during design, use for array-element antenna
Difference；All there are certain inconsistency, array elements when each extension set is in production and assembling for array-element antenna active parts and inside cable
Also mutual coupling effect is inevitably present between antenna.The extensive mimo antenna array of millimeter wave is since working frequency range is high, wavelength
It is short, array arrangement is close, being more susceptible to couple the amplitude phase error of generation between sensor position uncertainties and array element influences.These error components
Cause inter-channel level and phase error.More than error all can be to performances such as the antenna gain sidelobe level of system and pointing accuracies
It impacts.These error measures are come out and pass through signal processing and are calibrated, can effectively reduce the influence to system.Calibration
Primary work before being the necessary condition of digital multiple beam Antenna Operation and testing.The calibration of array antenna can be divided into closely
Two classes are calibrated in field calibration and far field.Near-Field Calibration Method is to set up beacon in array antenna near-field region, and beacon timesharing is placed in
The feed-in of array-element antenna front end or acquisition signal.When receiving array antenna is calibrated, beacon antenna transmitting calibration signal, by receiver
Reason obtains the amplitude and phase error of corresponding channel；During emission array antenna calibration, control corresponding channel transmitting calibration signal, by
The calibration signal that vector network analyzer or special test equipment processing beacon antenna receive, the amplitude and phase for obtaining channel are missed
Difference.Using the calibration method of arrow net test, need to measure the channel transfer parameter between tested bay and beacon antenna one by one,
And compared with reference signal, so as to obtain normalization amplitude, the phase relation between all array elements.Extensive mimo system is using arrow
Net detection calibration process is very cumbersome, is unfavorable for practical application.Sensor position uncertainties can cause the phase of reception/transmitting signal to be missed
Difference, and phase error is related with incident angle, and the existing collimation technique based on arrow net can not calibrate such error.Near field calibration
It is generally used for Ro-vibrational population calibration, it is difficult to which sensor position uncertainties are calibrated.Far field calibration method is in matrix array antenna far field
Place sets up beacon, for receiving array antenna, beacon antenna is made to emit calibration signal, according to several between tested antenna and beacon
What relationship calculates the difference between each array element channel receiving signal measured value and theoretical value, obtains sensor position uncertainties, amplitude is missed
Difference, the calibrator quantity of phase error.For transmitting antenna array, then each array element channel time division emission signal is controlled, uses beacon day
Line measures the sensor position uncertainties, range error, phase error calibrator quantity of each antenna.In millimeter-wave communication system, due to wave
Length is very short, and the influence of array element error in mounting position is more notable, it is necessary to take effective calibration method.It is used in microwave dark room
It is the calibration method that a kind of precision is good, efficient that far field test system, which carries out planar array antenna calibration,.Far field is calibrated
It is important that be ensuring that the accurate of beacon antenna orientation, and under actual conditions, the azimuth information of beacon antenna always or
Mostly or there are certain deviations less, then how sensor position uncertainties to be carried out in the case where considering beacon antenna azimuthal error
Accurate alignment is the key that further improve calibration accuracy.For the aerial array that mixed-beam is formed, before radio frequency/simulation
The quantity at end is less than the quantity of antenna array elements, therefore the calibration method of traditional digital baseband cannot be directly used to such day
In linear array.
Invention content
Present invention is generally directed to the improvement of prior art Shortcomings.
The purpose of the present invention is in view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, providing one kind to swear net equipment, calibration efficiency and
Precision is high, extensive mimo antenna array calibration system.Above-mentioned calibration is used it is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of
System is to the calibration method of mixed-beam forming antenna array.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of extensive mimo antenna array far field calibration system, including：Electricity
The Servocontrol device of computer is connected, phased array wave control device, data are sent and harvester, it is characterised in that：Computer
By man-machine interface programming Control Servocontrol device, phased array wave control device, data are sent and harvester, SERVO CONTROL dress
The tested relative position between aerial array and beacon antenna of control is put, changes transmitting beacon antenna to tested receiving antenna array
Beams incident angle or tested transmitting antenna array are to the wave beam departure angle for receiving beacon antenna, phased array wave control device control submatrix
In bay, every time an independent array element only in selection submatrix calibrated, control is tested aerial array feeding network
All phase shifter, attenuator, switch and numerical weighteds calibrate tested aerial array channel amplitude/phase error, data hair
The digital signal for tested transmitting antenna array being controlled to be sent with emitting beacon antenna with harvester is sent, acquires tested reception antenna
The digital signal that array is received with receiving beacon antenna；Computer is respectively according to tested receiving antenna array with receiving beacon antenna
Reception signal characteristic value decompose, tested receiving antenna array and tested transmitting antenna are calculated based on digital domain signal Processing Algorithm
Sensor position uncertainties, the amplitude phase error of array export the calibration result of tested receiving antenna array and tested transmitting antenna array.
It is a kind of with above-mentioned calibration system to the calibration method of mixed-beam forming antenna array, it is characterised in that including such as
Lower step：
Computer calibrates flow accordingly according to current alignment model selection, if tested receiving antenna array calibration, calculates
Machine control transmitting beacon antenna transmitting calibration signal, computer set phase shifter by phased array wave control device, attenuator, open
It closes, numerical weighted, selects array element to be calibrated, computer controls the wave beam of tested receiving antenna array to enter by Servocontrol device
Firing angle, computer sends the reception signal with the tested receiving antenna array of harvester acquisition and calculate signal by data to be increased
Benefit, computer calculate sensor position uncertainties, channel amplitude and the phase error of tested receiving antenna array according to calibration algorithm；Such as
Fruit is tested transmitting antenna array calibration, and the tested transmitting antenna array of computer control emits calibration signal group, and computer passes through
Phased array wave control device setting phase shifter, attenuator, switch, numerical weighted, select array element to be calibrated, computer passes through servo control
The wave beam departure angle of the tested transmitting antenna array of device control processed, computer are sent by data and receive letter with harvester acquisition
It marks the reception signal of antenna and calculates signal gain, computer calculates the array element position of tested transmitting antenna array according to calibration algorithm
Put error, channel amplitude and phase error.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with the prior art.
It need not swear net equipment.Far field calibration of the present invention, without swearing net equipment.
Improve calibration efficiency.The near field calibration of equipment based on arrow net can only be directed to individual bay and carry out every time
Calibration, the present invention utilize the bay in phased array wave control device control submatrix, and one only in selection submatrix is independent every time
Array element is calibrated, and avoids interfering with each other between array element in same submatrix, can once carry out the bay between multiple submatrixs
Calibration, improve calibration efficiency.
Improve calibration accuracy.Near field calibration based on arrow net equipment can not calibrate sensor position uncertainties, this hair
It is bright to be based on digital domain signal Processing Algorithm, according to based on the antenna array calibration signal processing algorithm for receiving the decomposition of signal characteristic value
Sensor position uncertainties, range error, phase error are calibrated, while also to the azimuthal error of beacon antenna in the calibration of far field
Caused beam direction error is calibrated, and improves calibration accuracy.
The present invention uses calibration of the far field calibrating mode especially suitable for narrow band signal.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is extensive mimo antenna array far field calibration system schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of the tested receiving antenna array calibration of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the tested receiving antenna array calibration process of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structure diagram of the tested transmitting antenna array calibration of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of the tested transmitting antenna array calibration process of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the present invention based on the flow chart for receiving the antenna array calibration signal processing that signal characteristic value is decomposed.
In figure：201 tested receiving antenna arrays, 202 transmitting beacon antennas, 203 tested transmitting antenna arrays, 204 receive
Beacon antenna, 205 computers, 206 phased array wave control devices, 207 data are sent and harvester, 208 Servocontrol devices,
209 submatrixs, 210 reference array elements, 211 low-noise amplifiers, 212 phase shifters, 213 attenuators, 214 switches, 215 combiners, 216
Low-converter, 217 modulus converter A/Ds, 218 numerical weighteds, 219 digital analog converter D/A, 220 upconverter, 221 power are put
Big device, 222 power splitters.
Specific embodiment
Refering to Fig. 1.In embodiment described below, a kind of extensive mimo antenna array far field calibration system, including：
The Servocontrol device of computer is electrically connected, phased array wave control device, data are sent and harvester, it is characterised in that：It calculates
Machine is by man-machine interface programming Control Servocontrol device, and phased array wave control device, data are sent and harvester, SERVO CONTROL
The tested relative position between aerial array and beacon antenna of device control changes transmitting beacon antenna to tested receiving antenna array
Beams incident angle or tested transmitting antenna array to receive beacon antenna wave beam departure angle, phased array wave control device control son
Bay in battle array only selects an independent array element in submatrix to be calibrated every time, controls tested aerial array transmission network
All phase shifters of network, attenuator, switch and numerical weighted calibrate tested aerial array channel amplitude/phase error, data
It sends transmitting antenna array tested with harvester control and emits the digital signal that beacon antenna is sent, acquire tested reception day
The digital signal that linear array is received with receiving beacon antenna；Computer is respectively according to tested receiving antenna array with receiving beacon day
The reception signal characteristic value of line is decomposed, and tested receiving antenna array and tested transmitting day are calculated based on digital domain signal Processing Algorithm
Sensor position uncertainties, the amplitude phase error of linear array export the calibration knot of tested receiving antenna array and tested transmitting antenna array
Fruit.
Refering to Fig. 2.In the system of receiving antenna array calibration, it is tested receiving antenna array 201 and includes multiple submatrixs 209
With a reference array element 210.Each submatrix includes mutiple antennas array element, is sequentially serially connected with after each bay and is put by low noise
Big device 211, phase shifter 212, attenuator 213,214 composition of switch analog channels, a plurality of analog channel warp in each submatrix
Combiner 215 synthesizes simulation output all the way.Only there are one bay and the outputs of corresponding 1 analog channel for reference array element.
In tested receiving antenna array 201, the simulation output letter of all submatrixs (submatrix 1 ..., submatrix N) 209 and reference array element 210
Number pass through low-converter 216 in sequential series, modulus converter A/D 217 and numerical weighted 218, digital signal is by number
After weighting 218 input with harvester 207 is sent as data.All submatrixs (submatrix 1 ..., submatrix N) 209 and reference
The phase shifter 212 of array element 210, attenuator 213, switch 214, numerical weighted 218 are electrically connected phased array wave control device 206.It is tested
Receiving antenna array 201 is sent and harvester 207,208 electricity of Servocontrol device by phased array wave control device 206, data
Connect computer 205.
Computer 205 is sent by data and sends calibration signal, transmitting to transmitting beacon antenna 202 with harvester 207
The input numeric field calibration signal of beacon antenna 202 is by digital analog converter D/A219, up-conversion 220,221 turns of power amplifier
Analog radio-frequency signal is changed to, analog radio-frequency signal is launched by emitting beacon antenna 202.Analog radio-frequency signal passes through tested
Receiving antenna array 201, computer 205 send the reception with the tested receiving antenna array 201 of the acquisition of harvester 207 through data
Signal, computer 205 is controlled by phased array wave control device 206 to be tested all phase shifters 212 of receiving antenna array 201, declines
Subtract device 213, switch 214, numerical weighted 218, computer 205 controls tested receiving antenna array by Servocontrol device 208
Relative position between 201 and transmitting beacon antenna 202.
Refering to Fig. 3.Tested 201 calibration process of receiving antenna array includes the following steps：
Step 301,205 initiation parameter of computer：L=0, k=0, l are to indicate the calibration number that far field calibration system carries out, k
For the opposite position between instruction 208 kth of Servocontrol device time setting transmitting beacon antenna 202 and tested receiving antenna array 201
It puts；
Step 302, computer 205 are sent by data emits calibration signal with the control transmitting beacon antenna 202 of harvester 207
Sequence s；
Step 303,201 analog channel phase shifter 212 of the tested receiving antenna array of the setting of computer 205, attenuator 213 and number
Channel weighting value 218.Computer 205 controls all simulations of tested receiving antenna array 201 logical by phased array wave control device 206
The phase shift angle of the phase shifter 212 in road and the pad value of attenuator 213, are set to 0 ° by the phase shift angle of phase shifter 212, will decay
The pad value of device 213 is set to 0dB, controls the weighted value 218 of all digital channels, weighted value is set to 1；
Step 304, computer 205 undated parameter l=l+1, parameter reconfiguration k=0.Computer 205 selects bay to be calibrated,
The array element to be calibrated chosen in n-th of submatrix of the l times calibration is Al,n, only allow to have in primary calibration, in each submatrix
One array element to be calibrated.Phased array wave control device is closed the 214 connection mould of analog channel switch of this bay connection to be calibrated
Intend channel, disconnect other analog channels switch 214 in submatrix；The array element to be calibrated that all N number of submatrixs are chosen in the l times calibration
Collection is combined into Αl={ Al,1,...,Al,N}；
Step 305,205 undated parameter k=k+1 of computer, computer 205 control transmitting beacon by Servocontrol device 206
Relative position between antenna 202 and tested receiving antenna array 201 so that calibration signal is with incidence angleIncidence is tested
Receiving antenna array 201, whereinFor with the pitch angle of the definition of tested receiving antenna array areal coordinate system and azimuth；
Step 306, computer 205 are sent by data to be believed with the reception of the tested receiving antenna array 201 of the acquisition of harvester 207
Number carries out a signal synchronization, synchronizing signal X according to the calibration signal sequence s docking collections of letters numberl,k=[xl,k,0,
xl,k,1,...,xl,k,N], xl,k,n(n=1 ..., N) it represents to choose array element to be calibrated as A in the l times calibration, n-th of submatrixl,nWhen
In incidence angleWhen be tested receiving antenna array 201 acquisition synchrodata, xl,k,0Represent reference antenna array element channel
The synchrodata of acquisition.Computer is according to Xl,kCalculate signal gain rl,k=[rl,k,0,rl,k,1,...,rl,k,N]T, wherein rl,k,n
=sHxl,k,n/|sHS |, { }TRepresent transposition, { }HRepresent conjugate transposition；
Step 307, computer 205 are according to the synchronization signal data gain r of calculatingl,k, judge whether complete in the l times calibration process
Signal gain during into 4 groups of different incidence angles of calculating, that is, judge whether k=4, if it is, step 308 is performed, if it is not,
It then performs step 305 and resets the signal incidence angle that transmitting beacon antenna 202 arrives tested receiving antenna array 201And calculate the gain r of synchronization signal data that tested receiving antenna array 201 acquiresl,k, complete to calculate 4 groups of differences
The signal gain of incidence angle；
Step 308, computer 205 are based on 201 gain of received signal r of tested receiving antenna arrayl,kAutocorrelation matrixThe signal processing algorithm of Eigenvalues Decomposition carry out tested 201 calibration signal of receiving antenna array processing, calculate
201 sensor position uncertainties of tested receiving antenna array, Ro-vibrational population；
Step 309, computer 205 are mutually missed according to 201 sensor position uncertainties of tested receiving antenna array, the channel width that calculate
Difference judges whether to complete the calibration of all array elements in the tested receiving antenna array 201 of traversal, if it is, step 310 is performed,
If it is not, then performing step 304 reselects bay to be calibrated, until completing to traverse tested receiving antenna array 201
The calibration of all array elements in aerial array and terminate；
Step 310 terminates.
Refering to Fig. 4.In the system of tested transmitting antenna array calibration, in the system of tested transmitting antenna array calibration
In, it is tested transmitting antenna array 203 and includes multiple submatrixs (submatrix 1 ..., submatrix N) 209 and a reference array element 210.Submatrix
Mutual indepedent with the signal input channel of reference array element, computer 205 is sent with harvester 207 by data to tested transmitting
Aerial array 203 sends calibration signal group [s0,s1,...,sN], the input digital domain signal of reference array element is calibration signal s0,
The input digital domain signal of submatrix n (n=1 ..., N) is calibration signal sn.Add per railway digital domain signal by respective number
Power 218, digital analog converter D/A219, up-conversion 220 are converted to analog signal, believe as corresponding submatrix 209 or reference array element 210
The input of number channel.Each submatrix 209 includes mutiple antennas array element, and simulation input is divided into multichannel in submatrix through power splitter 222
Analog signal, the simulation formed by the switch 214, attenuator 213, phase shifter 212, the power amplifier 221 that sequentially concatenate are led to
Road emits signal by bay.Only there are one bay and the inputs of corresponding analog channel for 210 channel of reference array element.
The phase shifter 212 of all submatrixs (submatrix 1 ..., submatrix N) 209 and reference array element 210, attenuator 213, switch 214, number
218 electrical connection phased array wave control device 206 of weighting.Tested transmitting antenna array 203 passes through phased array wave control device 206, data
It sends and is electrically connected computer 205 with harvester 207, Servocontrol device 208.
It receives beacon antenna 202 and receives the radiofrequency signal that tested transmitting antenna array 203 emits, radiofrequency signal is by receiving
Number is converted to after the low-noise amplifier 211 that is sequentially concatenated in beacon antenna 204, low-converter 216, modulus converter A/D 217
Word signal.The digital signal sends the input with harvester 207 as data.Computer 205 sends through data and is filled with acquiring
The reception signal that 207 acquisitions receive beacon antenna 204 is put, computer 205 controls tested transmitting by phased array wave control device 206
All phase shifters 212 of aerial array 203, attenuator 213, switch 214, numerical weighted 218, computer 205 pass through servo control
The control of device 208 processed is tested transmitting antenna array 203 and receives the relative position between beacon antenna 204.
Refering to Fig. 5.Tested 203 calibration process of transmitting antenna array includes the following steps：
Step 501,205 initiation parameter of computer：L=0, k=0, l are to indicate the calibration number that far field calibration system carries out, k
For the tested transmitting antenna array 203 of instruction 208 kth of Servocontrol device time setting and receive the opposite position between beacon antenna 204
It puts；
Step 502, computer 205 are sent and 203 submatrix n (n of the tested transmitting antenna array of the control of harvester 207 by data
=1 ..., N) transmitting calibration signal sequence sn, reference array element channel emission calibration signal sequence s0, calibration signal sequence group [s0,
s1,...,sN] it is mutually orthogonal spread spectrum code character；
Step 503,203 analog channel phase shifter 212 of the tested transmitting antenna array of the setting of computer 205, attenuator 213 and number
Channel weighting value 218, computer 205 control all simulations of tested transmitting antenna array 203 logical by phased array wave control device 206
The phase shift angle of the phase shifter 212 in road and the pad value of attenuator 213, are set to 0 ° by the phase shift angle of phase shifter 212, will decay
The pad value of device 213 is set to 0dB, controls the weighted value 218 of all digital channels, weighted value is set to 1；
Step 504, computer 205 undated parameter l=l+1, parameter reconfiguration k=0.Computer 205 selects bay to be calibrated,
The array element to be calibrated chosen in n-th of submatrix of the l times calibration is Al,n, only allow to have in primary calibration, in each submatrix
One array element to be calibrated.Phased array wave control device is closed the 214 connection mould of analog channel switch of this bay connection to be calibrated
Intend channel, disconnect other analog channels switch 214 in submatrix；The array element to be calibrated that all N number of submatrixs are chosen in the l times calibration
Collection is combined into Αl={ Al,1,...,Al,N}；
Step 505,205 undated parameter k=k+1 of computer, computer 205 control tested transmitting by Servocontrol device 206
Relative position between aerial array 203 and reception beacon antenna 204 so that calibration signal is with departure angleFrom tested hair
Aerial array 203 is penetrated to emit, whereinFor with the pitch angle and orientation of the definition of tested launching antenna array areal coordinate system
Angle；
Step 506, computer 205 send the reception signal number that beacon antenna 204 is received with the acquisition of harvester 207 by data
According to the calibration signal sequence group [s emitted according to tested transmitting antenna array 2010,s1,...,sN] docking receipts beacon antenna 204
Reception signal carry out signal synchronization, synchronizing signal xl,k, xl,kRepresent the l times calibration 203 signal of tested transmitting antenna array
Departure angleWhen receive the synchrodata that beacon antenna 204 acquires, computer 205 calculates signal gain rl,k=
[rl,k,0,rl,k,1,...,rl,k,N]T, wherein{·}TRepresent transposition, { }HRepresent conjugate transposition；
Step 507, computer 205 are according to the synchronization signal data gain r of calculatingl,k, judge whether complete in the l times calibration process
Signal gain during into 4 groups of difference departure angles of calculating, that is, judge whether k=4, if it is, step 508 is performed, if it is not,
It then performs step 505 and resets tested transmitting antenna array 203 to the signal departure angle for receiving beacon antenna 204And calculate the gain r for receiving the synchronization signal data that beacon antenna 204 acquiresl,k, complete 4 groups of differences of calculating and leave away
The signal gain at angle；
Step 508, computer 205 are based on receiving 204 gain of received signal r of beacon antennal,kAutocorrelation matrix
The signal processing algorithm of Eigenvalues Decomposition carry out tested 203 calibration signal of transmitting antenna array processing, calculate tested transmitting day
203 sensor position uncertainties of linear array, Ro-vibrational population；
Step 509, computer 205 are mutually missed according to 203 sensor position uncertainties of tested transmitting antenna array, the channel width that calculate
Difference judges whether to complete the calibration of all array elements in the tested transmitting antenna array 203 of traversal, if it is, step 510 is performed,
If it is not, then performing step 504 reselects bay to be calibrated, until completing to traverse tested transmitting antenna array 203
The calibration of interior all array elements and terminate；
Step 510 terminates.
Refering to Fig. 6.In based on the antenna array calibration signal processing flow that signal characteristic value is decomposed is received, mainly for
Sensor position uncertainties and Ro-vibrational population are calibrated.
Assuming that in the l times calibration process, the bay collection for participating in calibration is combined into Αl={ Al,0,Al,1,...,Al,N, wherein
Al,0For reference array element, Al,n(n=1 ..., N) is calibrated for the l times, the array element to be calibrated chosen in n-th of submatrix, in set
Array element is all connect with respective independent analog channel and digital channel.Assuming that nominal position of the array element in three dimensions in set
ForWhereinFor array element Al,nNominal position, array element is in three-dimensional in set
Physical location in space is Pl=[pl,0,pl,1,…,pl,N], wherein pl,n=[xl,n,yl,n,zl,n]TFor array element Al,nReality
Position, then site error of the array element in three dimensions is Δ P in setl=[Δ pl,0,Δpl,1,...,Δpl,N], whereinFor array element Al,nSite error.
Assuming that array element isotropism, i.e., different directions gain is consistent in space, the analog channel and digital channel of array element connection
Synthesis Ro-vibrational population be Δ wl=[Δ wl,0,Δwl,1,...,Δwl,N], wherein Δ wl,nFor array element Al,nWidth mutually miss
Difference, then actual gain is wl=[1+ Δs wl,0,1+Δwl,1,...,1+Δwl,N]。
Below with Al,0For reference array element, the opposite nominal position of array element and reference array element to be calibrated is rememberedThen calibration process is：
Step 601, computer 205 are according to channel gain rl,k=[rl,k,0,rl,k,1,...,rl,k,N]T, calculate autocorrelation matrix
Step 602, computer 205 are to Rl,kIt is Eigenvalues Decomposition Rl,kEl,k=El,kΛl,k, wherein Λl,k=diag { λl,k,0,
λl,k,1,...,λl,k,NIt is diagonal matrix and λl,k,0≥λl,k,1≥...≥λl,k,N, El,k=[el,k,0,el,k,1,...,el,k,N],
el,k,n=[el,k,n(0),...,el,k,n(N)]TFor λl,k,nCorresponding feature vector.
Computer 205 calculates normalization characteristic vectorWherein
Computer 205 calculatesWithRelative valueWhereinRepresent vectorIn element divided by vectorThe element of middle corresponding position.
Computer 205 calculatesAngle thresholdingWherein function angle { x }=arctan { Im
(x)/Re (x) } it represents to seek plural x as unit of radian angle, angle { x } ∈ [- π, π)；
Step 603, computer 205 are according to incidence angle or departure angleComputing array manifold vector Kl=[kl,1,
kl,2,kl,3,kl,4], computing array manifold phasor difference Kl'=[kl,2-kl,1,kl,3-kl,1,kl,4-kl,1], wherein
Step 604, computer 205 carry out bilevel Linear programming, calculateWherein round { } takes
Integral function；
Step 605, computer 205 calculate beam direction parameter Estimation
Step 606, computer 205 calculate sensor position uncertainties estimated value
Step 607 calculates channel gain estimated valueWherein,Then Ro-vibrational population is estimated as
Step 608 terminates.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of extensive mimo antenna array far field calibration system, including：The Servocontrol device of computer is electrically connected, it is phased
Battle array wave control device, data are sent and harvester, it is characterised in that：Computer is filled by man-machine interface programming Control SERVO CONTROL
It puts, phased array wave control device, data are sent and harvester, and Servocontrol device control is tested between aerial array and beacon antenna
Relative position, change transmitting beacon antenna to be tested receiving antenna array beams incident angle or tested transmitting antenna array arrive
The wave beam departure angle of beacon antenna is received, phased array wave control device controls the bay in submatrix, every time only in selection submatrix
An independent array element calibrated, phase shifter, attenuator, switch and the number for controlling tested aerial array feeding network all
Tested aerial array channel amplitude/phase error is calibrated in weighting, and data are sent and the tested launching antenna array of harvester control
The digital signal that row are sent with transmitting beacon antenna acquires tested receiving antenna array and believes with receiving the number that beacon antenna receives
Number；Computer decomposes respectively according to tested receiving antenna array with receiving the reception signal characteristic value of beacon antenna, based on number
Domain signal processing algorithm calculates sensor position uncertainties, the amplitude phase error of tested receiving antenna array and tested transmitting antenna array,
The calibration result of the tested receiving antenna array of output and tested transmitting antenna array.
2. extensive mimo antenna array far field calibration system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Tested reception antenna
Array (201) includes multiple submatrixs (209) and a reference array element (210), and each submatrix includes mutiple antennas array element, Mei Getian
It is sequentially serially connected with after linear array member and is made of low-noise amplifier (211), phase shifter (212), attenuator (213), switch (214)
Analog channel, a plurality of analog channel in each submatrix synthesize simulation output all the way through combiner (215).
3. extensive mimo antenna array far field calibration system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Day is received tested
In linear array (201), submatrix 1 ..., the simulation output of submatrix N (209) and reference array element (210) is by sequential series
Low-converter (216), modulus converter A/D (217) and numerical weighted (218), wherein, numerical weighted (218) electrical connection data
It sends and harvester (207)；Submatrix 1 ..., be parallel to combiner (215) in submatrix N (209) and reference array element (210)
Phase shifter (212), attenuator (213), switch (214) and numerical weighted (218) the electrical connection phased array wave control dress connected later
It puts (206)；Tested receiving antenna array (201) electrical connection Servocontrol device (208).
4. extensive mimo antenna array far field calibration system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：Submatrix 1 ...,
Submatrix N (209) and each road analog signal of reference array element (210) output are by respective low-converter (216), analog-digital converter
Digital signal is converted to after A/D (217), digital signal is sent after numerical weighted (218) as data and harvester
(207) input.
5. extensive mimo antenna array far field calibration system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Data are sent with adopting
Acquisition means (207) and Servocontrol device (208) electrical connection transmitting beacon antenna (202)；Emit beacon antenna (202) including suitable
Digital analog converter D/A (219), upconverter (220) and the power amplifier (221) of secondary series connection.
6. extensive mimo antenna array far field calibration system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Computer (205)
It is sent by data and sends numeric field calibration signal to transmitting beacon antenna (202) with harvester (207), emit beacon antenna
(202) input numeric field calibration signal is by digital analog converter D/A (219), upconverter (220), power amplifier (221)
Analog radio-frequency signal is converted to, analog radio-frequency signal is launched by emitting beacon antenna (202).
7. it is a kind of with calibration system described in claim 1 to the calibration method of mixed-beam forming antenna array, feature exists
In including the following steps：Computer calibrates flow accordingly according to current alignment model selection, if tested receiving antenna array
Row calibration, computer control transmitting beacon antenna transmitting calibration signal, computer by phased array wave control device set phase shifter,
Attenuator, switch, numerical weighted, select array element to be calibrated, and computer controls tested receiving antenna array by Servocontrol device
The beams incident angle of row, computer is sent by data to be acquired the reception signal of tested receiving antenna array with harvester and counts
Signal gain is calculated, computer calculates sensor position uncertainties, channel amplitude and the phase of tested receiving antenna array according to calibration algorithm
Position error；If tested transmitting antenna array calibration, the tested transmitting antenna array transmitting calibration signal group of computer control, meter
Calculation machine sets phase shifter, attenuator, switch, numerical weighted by phased array wave control device, selects array element to be calibrated, computer leads to
The wave beam departure angle of the tested transmitting antenna array of Servocontrol device control is crossed, computer is sent by data and adopted with harvester
Collection receives the reception signal of beacon antenna and calculates signal gain, and computer calculates tested transmitting antenna array according to calibration algorithm
Sensor position uncertainties, channel amplitude and phase error.
8. as claimed in claim 7 to the calibration method of mixed-beam forming antenna array, it is characterised in that：Computer
(205) shifting of the phase shifter of tested receiving antenna array (201) all analog channels is controlled by phased array wave control device (206)
The pad value of phase angle and attenuator, 0 ° is set to by the phase shift angle of phase shifter, and the pad value of attenuator is set to 0dB, control
Weighted value is set to 1 by the weighted value of all digital channels.
9. as claimed in claim 7 to the calibration method of mixed-beam forming antenna array, it is characterised in that：Computer
(205) bay to be calibrated is selected, array element A to be calibrated is chosen in n-th of submatrix of the l times calibrationl,n, in primary calibration
In, only allow there are one array element to be calibrated in each submatrix, phased array wave control device (206) is closed this bay to be calibrated
Al,nThe analog channel switch connection analog channel of connection, disconnects other analog channels switch in submatrix；Institute in the l times calibration
There is the array element collection to be calibrated that N number of submatrix is chosen to be combined into Αl={ Al,1,...,Al,N}。
10. as claimed in claim 7 to the calibration method of mixed-beam forming antenna array, it is characterised in that：Computer
(205) according to the synchronization signal data gain r of calculatingl,k, judge whether complete to calculate 4 groups of different incidences in the l times calibration process
Signal gain during angle, judges whether k=4, if it is, to antenna calibration signal processing, if it is not, then resetting hair
Beacon antenna (202) is penetrated to the signal incidence angle of tested receiving antenna array (201)And calculate tested reception antenna
The gain r of the synchronization signal data of array (201) acquisitionl,k, complete to calculate the signal gain of 4 groups of different incidence angles；Based on tested
Receiving antenna array (201) receives the signal processing algorithm that signal characteristic value is decomposed and carries out tested receiving antenna array (201) school
Calibration signal processing calculates tested receiving antenna array (201) sensor position uncertainties, Ro-vibrational population；According to the quilt calculated
Receiving antenna array (201) sensor position uncertainties, Ro-vibrational population are surveyed, judges whether to complete the tested receiving antenna array of traversal
(201) calibration of all array elements in, until completing to traverse the school for being tested all array elements in receiving antenna array (201) aerial array
It is accurate and terminate.
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