CN110470911A - The diagnostic method and system of phased array antenna element failure - Google Patents
The diagnostic method and system of phased array antenna element failure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110470911A CN110470911A CN201910749253.1A CN201910749253A CN110470911A CN 110470911 A CN110470911 A CN 110470911A CN 201910749253 A CN201910749253 A CN 201910749253A CN 110470911 A CN110470911 A CN 110470911A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- phased array
- array antenna
- signal
- shifting device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
- G01R29/0892—Details related to signal analysis or treatment; presenting results, e.g. displays; measuring specific signal features other than field strength, e.g. polarisation, field modes, phase, envelope, maximum value
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides the diagnostic methods and system of a kind of phased array antenna element failure, comprising: phase-modulating step: selecting multiple array elements of phased array antenna, carries out periodic phase-modulation to the phase shifting device of multiple array elements of selection；Analytical procedure: the harmonic characteristic in the signal of phased array antenna reception or transmitting is analyzed to diagnose the validity of corresponding array element.The present invention can diagnose mutiple antennas unit simultaneously, and diagnosis efficiency is high；Without auxiliary diagnosis unit, hardware configuration is simple；It only needs only to need spectrum estimation, be realized using the methods of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), algorithm complexity is low.Therefore, present invention is particularly suitable for the fast parallel diagnosis of large-scale active phase array antenna.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to antenna works technical fields, and in particular, to the diagnostic method of phased array antenna element failure and
System.
Background technique
The calibration of large-scale active phased array is one of the key technology in phased array system.With mentioning for integrated circuit technology
Height, the failure of large-scale active phased array antenna unit are mainly reflected in ' 0 ' and ' 1 ' effect of array element.It, should i.e. when element failure
Array element does not have radiofrequency signal output.It is defeated due to each array element but when carrying out the diagnosis of array element validity of phased array antenna
Frequency is identical out, and therefore, it is difficult to judge to be specifically which array element fails from the radiofrequency signal after combining.Traditional near field
Measurement method, commutation method and rotating vector law etc. are inefficient, when carrying out the diagnosis of large-scale active phased array, need compared with
Long interval between diagnosis.
The moment method constructing environment of proposition, extraction signal in " phased array antenna Research on fault diagnosis method " such as Wang Jiangxiu
Feature finally uses fault tree analysis method, needs phased array plane to be divided into multiple linear arrays in diagnosis, while needing largely first
Data are tested, there is also can not quickly position.
Summary of the invention
For the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of diagnosis sides of phased array antenna element failure
Method and system.
A kind of diagnostic method of the phased array antenna element failure provided according to the present invention, comprising:
Phase-modulating step: selecting multiple array elements of phased array antenna, carries out to the phase shifting device of multiple array elements of selection
Periodic phase-modulation；
Analytical procedure: the harmonic characteristic in the signal of phased array antenna reception or transmitting is analyzed to diagnose corresponding array element
Validity.
Preferably, the modulating frequency for being applied to the phase shifting device of N number of array element is different.
Preferably, within a modulation period of the phase shifting device of each array element, preceding half of modulation period is by phase shifting device
Phase shift be set as 0 °, the phase shift of phase shifting device is set 180 ° by rear half of modulation period.
Preferably, harmonic characteristic in analysis phased array antenna received signal diagnoses the validity of corresponding array element
When, the signal is the narrowband calibration signal of external emission.
Preferably, harmonic characteristic in the signal of analysis phased array antenna transmitting diagnoses the validity of corresponding array element
When, the signal of the phased array antenna transmitting is received by receiving antenna.
A kind of diagnostic system of the phased array antenna element failure provided according to the present invention, comprising:
Phase modulation module: selecting multiple array elements of phased array antenna, carries out to the phase shifting device of multiple array elements of selection
Periodic phase-modulation；
Analysis module: the harmonic characteristic in the signal of phased array antenna reception or transmitting is analyzed to diagnose corresponding array element
Validity.
Preferably, the modulating frequency for being applied to the phase shifting device of N number of array element is different.
Preferably, within a modulation period of the phase shifting device of each array element, preceding half of modulation period is by phase shifting device
Phase shift be set as 0 °, the phase shift of phase shifting device is set 180 ° by rear half of modulation period.
Preferably, harmonic characteristic in analysis phased array antenna received signal diagnoses the validity of corresponding array element
When, the signal is the narrowband calibration signal of external emission.
Preferably, harmonic characteristic in the signal of analysis phased array antenna transmitting diagnoses the validity of corresponding array element
When, the signal of the phased array antenna transmitting is received by receiving antenna.
Compared with prior art, the present invention have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1) mutiple antennas unit can be diagnosed simultaneously, and diagnosis efficiency is high；
2) it is not necessarily to auxiliary diagnosis unit, hardware configuration is simple；
3) it only needs only to need spectrum estimation, be realized using the methods of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), algorithm complexity is low.Therefore,
Present invention is particularly suitable for the fast parallel diagnosis of large-scale active phase array antenna.
Detailed description of the invention
Upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings, other feature of the invention,
Objects and advantages will become more apparent upon:
Fig. 1 is the functional block diagram of active phase array antenna receiving channel diagnosis；
Fig. 2 is the functional block diagram of active phase array antenna transmission channel diagnosis；
Fig. 3 is the harmonic wave distribution map that signal processing module carries out output signal after periodic modulation to phase shifting device；
Fig. 4 is control sequential figure of the load on the phase shifting device of 8 array element in embodiment；
Fig. 5 is the harmonic wave distribution map of the diagnostic signal received when array element is fully effective in embodiment；
The harmonic wave distribution map for the diagnostic signal that Fig. 6 is received when being two element failures in embodiment.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail combined with specific embodiments below.Following embodiment will be helpful to the technology of this field
Personnel further understand the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.It should be pointed out that the ordinary skill of this field
For personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, several changes and improvements can also be made.These belong to the present invention
Protection scope.
N number of array element is selected in active phase array antenna, to the phase shifting device (usually digital phase shifter) of N number of array element into
The periodic phase-modulation of row, and the modulating frequency being applied on the phase shifting device of N number of array element is different.It is connect by analysis
Harmonic characteristic in collecting mail number diagnoses the validity of corresponding array element.For example, attached drawing 1 is seen by taking the calibration of receiving channel as an example, if
The modulating frequency being applied on the phase shifting device (3) of N number of array element is respectively Fp1,Fp2,…,FpNIn the phase shifter pair of each array element
In the modulation period answered, the phase shift of phase shifting device is set 0 ° by preceding half of modulation period, and rear half of modulation period will move
The phase shift of phase device is set as 180 °.Assuming that from far-field emission carrier frequency be FcNarrowband calibration signal, the antenna of phased array antenna
Unit (1) receives calibration signal, by low-noise amplifier (2), phase shifting device (3), variable gain amplifier (4), by function
Subnetwork (5) is combined, after low-converter (7), low-pass filter (8), analog-digital converter (9), by signal processing mould
Block (10) measures the harmonic information in receiving channel.It should be F comprising frequency if N number of array element is effectivec-FLO±
FpnFrequency component (the F of (n=1,2 ... N)LOFor local frequency).If certain subharmonic Fc-FLO±FpmIt is very small or can not survey
Amount, that is, can determine that m-th of element failure of phased array antenna.
Calibration for transmission channel is shown in that attached drawing 2, the signal processing module (10) of phased array antenna generate narrowband intermediate frequency letter
Number, radiofrequency signal is generated after digital analog converter (9), low-pass filter (8), frequency mixer (7), and pass through power division network (5)
It is assigned in each array element of phased array antenna, after variable gain amplifier (4), phase shifting device (3), power amplifier (2),
It is radiated from antenna element (1) to space.Meanwhile signal processing module (10) carries out periodically the phase shifting device in N number of array element
Modulation, and the modulating frequency F in each array elementp1,Fp2,…FpnIt is different from each other.In the corresponding tune of the phase shifter of each array element
In period processed, the phase shift of phase shifting device is set 0 ° by preceding half of modulation period, and rear half of modulation period is by the phase of phase shifting device
Shifting is set as 180 °.It is assumed that the carrier frequency of the input signal of the phase shifting device of each array element is F after variable gain amplifier (4)c,
After periodic phase is modulated, if N number of array element is effectively, in the latter linked frequency measuring block of receiving antenna (11)
It should be F comprising frequencyc±FpnThe frequency component of (n=1,2 ... N).If certain subharmonic Fc±FpmIt is very small or can not survey
Amount, that is, can determine that m-th of element failure of phased array antenna.
A kind of diagnostic method of phased array antenna element failure provided by the invention, comprising:
Phase-modulating step: selecting multiple array elements of phased array antenna, carries out to the phase shifting device of multiple array elements of selection
Periodic phase-modulation；
Analytical procedure: the harmonic characteristic in the signal of phased array antenna reception or transmitting is analyzed to diagnose corresponding array element
Validity.
Wherein, the modulating frequency for being applied to the phase shifting device of N number of array element is different.At one of the phase shifting device of each array element
In modulation period, the phase shift of phase shifting device is set 0 ° by preceding half of modulation period, and rear half of modulation period is by phase shifting device
Phase shift is set as 180 °.Harmonic characteristic in analysis phased array antenna received signal diagnoses the validity of corresponding array element
When, signal is the narrowband calibration signal of external emission.Harmonic characteristic in the signal of analysis phased array antenna transmitting diagnoses
When the validity of corresponding array element, the signal of phased array antenna transmitting is received by receiving antenna.
Embodiment
As shown in Figures 3 to 6, a kind of quick diagnosis side of unit 8 phased array antenna element failure is present embodiments provided
Method.For the diagnosis of the receiving channel of the phased array antenna, the process of method provided by the invention is described in detail.This hair is analyzed first
It is bright it is described periodic phase modulation is carried out to phase shifting device after, the harmonic characterisitic of generation.It is assumed that carrier frequency be 1GHz just
String carries out entering phase shifting device, and control module carries out periodic phase modulation, modulating frequency 10MHz, modulation to phase shifting device
Period is 0.1us.Within each modulation period, the phase-shift phase of preceding half period setting phase shifting device is 0 °, and second half of the cycle is set
The phase-shift phase for setting phase shifting device is 180 °.After the periodic modulation of phase shifting device, the frequency spectrum of output signal is as shown in Figure 3.From
In figure as can be seen that due to periodic modulation, the energy of the signal of output is assigned on each harmonic, between the frequency spectrum between harmonic wave
It is divided into 20MHz, wherein the frequency point of+1 subharmonic is 1.01GHz (i.e. Fc+Fp)。
The each unit that the sine wave diagnostic signal that carrier frequency is 1GHz is incident on phased array antenna from+20 ° of directions is set
On.The frequency of periodic phase modulation in 8 array elements is Fpn=10+ (n-1) MHz, n=1,2 ..., 8. likewise, for every
One array element is 0 ° in setting preceding half of modulation period phase-shift phase, is 180 ° in setting rear half of modulation period phase-shift phase.8
The waveform of modulated signal in array element is as shown in Figure 4.
Assume first that 8 antenna elements are to work normally, by low noise amplification, periodic phase modulation, variable increasing
After benefit amplification and combiner, receive shown in the spectrogram 5 of signal.From figure 5 it can be seen that+1 time generated in 8 array elements
The frequency point of harmonic component is respectively 1010+ (n-1) MHz, n=1,2 ..., 8.
It is then assumed that the 2nd array element and the 5th element failure, by low noise amplification, periodic phase modulation, variable increasing
After benefit amplification and combiner, receive shown in the spectrogram 6 of signal.From fig. 6 it can be seen that generated in only 6 array elements+
1 order harmonic components are obvious, wherein the 2nd array element (the corresponding place 1011MHz) and the 5th array element (at correspondence 1014MHz)
Harmonic component obviously lacks.Therefore, if measuring frequency spectrum shown in fig. 6, diagnosable 2nd array element and the 5th element failure.
On the basis of a kind of diagnostic method of above-mentioned phased array antenna element failure, the present invention also provides a kind of phased arrays
The diagnostic system of bay failure, comprising:
Phase modulation module: selecting multiple array elements of phased array antenna, carries out to the phase shifting device of multiple array elements of selection
Periodic phase-modulation；
Analysis module: the harmonic characteristic in the signal of phased array antenna reception or transmitting is analyzed to diagnose corresponding array element
Validity.
One skilled in the art will appreciate that in addition to realizing system provided by the invention in a manner of pure computer readable program code
It, completely can be by the way that method and step be carried out programming in logic come so that the present invention provides and its other than each device, module, unit
System and its each device, module, unit with logic gate, switch, specific integrated circuit, programmable logic controller (PLC) and embedding
Enter the form of the controller that declines etc. to realize identical function.So system provided by the invention and its every device, module, list
Member is considered a kind of hardware component, and to include in it can also for realizing the device of various functions, module, unit
To be considered as the structure in hardware component；It can also will be considered as realizing the device of various functions, module, unit either real
The software module of existing method can be the structure in hardware component again.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited to above-mentioned
Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make a variety of changes or modify within the scope of the claims, this not shadow
Ring substantive content of the invention.In the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiments herein and embodiment can any phase
Mutually combination.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of diagnostic method of phased array antenna element failure characterized by comprising
Phase-modulating step: selecting multiple array elements of phased array antenna, carries out the period to the phase shifting device of multiple array elements of selection
The phase-modulation of property；
Analytical procedure: the harmonic characteristic in the signal of phased array antenna reception or transmitting is analyzed to diagnose the effective of corresponding array element
Property.
2. the diagnostic method of phased array antenna element failure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be applied to N number of battle array
The modulating frequency of the phase shifting device of member is different.
3. the diagnostic method of phased array antenna element failure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in each array element
In one modulation period of phase shifting device, the phase shift of phase shifting device is set 0 ° by preceding half of modulation period, rear half of modulation week
The phase shift of phase shifting device is set 180 ° by phase.
4. the diagnostic method of phased array antenna element failure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in analysis phased array
When validity to diagnose corresponding array element of harmonic characteristic in antenna received signal, the signal is the narrowband school of external emission
Calibration signal.
5. the diagnostic method of phased array antenna element failure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in analysis phased array
When validity of the harmonic characteristic to diagnose corresponding array element in the signal of antenna transmitting, the phased array is received by receiving antenna
The signal of antenna transmitting.
6. a kind of diagnostic system of phased array antenna element failure characterized by comprising
Phase modulation module: selecting multiple array elements of phased array antenna, carries out the period to the phase shifting device of multiple array elements of selection
The phase-modulation of property；
Analysis module: the harmonic characteristic in the signal of phased array antenna reception or transmitting is analyzed to diagnose the effective of corresponding array element
Property.
7. the diagnostic system of phased array antenna element failure according to claim 6, which is characterized in that be applied to N number of battle array
The modulating frequency of the phase shifting device of member is different.
8. the diagnostic system of phased array antenna element failure according to claim 6, which is characterized in that in each array element
In one modulation period of phase shifting device, the phase shift of phase shifting device is set 0 ° by preceding half of modulation period, rear half of modulation week
The phase shift of phase shifting device is set 180 ° by phase.
9. the diagnostic system of phased array antenna element failure according to claim 6, which is characterized in that in analysis phased array
When validity to diagnose corresponding array element of harmonic characteristic in antenna received signal, the signal is the narrowband school of external emission
Calibration signal.
10. the diagnostic system of phased array antenna element failure according to claim 6, which is characterized in that phased analyzing
When validity of the harmonic characteristic to diagnose corresponding array element in the signal of array antenna transmitting, received by receiving antenna described phased
The signal of array antenna transmitting.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910749253.1A CN110470911B (en) | 2019-08-14 | 2019-08-14 | Method and system for diagnosing phased array antenna array element failure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910749253.1A CN110470911B (en) | 2019-08-14 | 2019-08-14 | Method and system for diagnosing phased array antenna array element failure |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110470911A true CN110470911A (en) | 2019-11-19 |
| CN110470911B CN110470911B (en) | 2021-10-08 |
Family
ID=68511177
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910749253.1A Active CN110470911B (en) | 2019-08-14 | 2019-08-14 | Method and system for diagnosing phased array antenna array element failure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110470911B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113343486A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-03 | 北京航空航天大学 | Array antenna failure unit rapid diagnosis method based on mode characteristics |
| CN114252854A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-03-29 | 齐鲁空天信息研究院 | Self-checking method and system for phased array antenna |
| CN117855838A (en) * | 2024-03-05 | 2024-04-09 | 成都大公博创信息技术有限公司 | Phased array antenna dynamic control method and system |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1913402A (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2007-02-14 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Intelligent method for detecting antenna fault |
| CN104408276A (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2015-03-11 | 电子科技大学 | Method for sampling far-field pattern for diagnosing failure array elements of array antenna |
| CN108155958A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-06-12 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Extensive mimo antenna array far field calibration system |
-
2019
- 2019-08-14 CN CN201910749253.1A patent/CN110470911B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1913402A (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2007-02-14 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Intelligent method for detecting antenna fault |
| CN104408276A (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2015-03-11 | 电子科技大学 | Method for sampling far-field pattern for diagnosing failure array elements of array antenna |
| CN108155958A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-06-12 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Extensive mimo antenna array far field calibration system |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| CHONG HE等: "Parallel Calibration Method for Phased Array With Harmonic Characteristic Analysis", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION》 * |
| GIACOMO OLIVERI等: "Reliable Diagnosis of Large Linear Arrays—A Bayesian Compressive Sensing Approach", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION》 * |
| JUAN ANTONIO RODRÍGUEZ-GONZÁLEZ等: "Rapid Method for Finding Faulty Elements in Antenna Arrays Using Far Field Pattern Samples", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION》 * |
| LORENZO POLI等: "Failure correction in time-modulated linear arrays", 《IET RADAR SONAR NAVIG.》 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113343486A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-03 | 北京航空航天大学 | Array antenna failure unit rapid diagnosis method based on mode characteristics |
| CN113343486B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2022-09-23 | 北京航空航天大学 | Array antenna failure unit rapid diagnosis method based on mode characteristics |
| CN114252854A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-03-29 | 齐鲁空天信息研究院 | Self-checking method and system for phased array antenna |
| CN117855838A (en) * | 2024-03-05 | 2024-04-09 | 成都大公博创信息技术有限公司 | Phased array antenna dynamic control method and system |
| CN117855838B (en) * | 2024-03-05 | 2024-05-17 | 成都大公博创信息技术有限公司 | Phased array antenna dynamic control method and system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110470911B (en) | 2021-10-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110470911A (en) | The diagnostic method and system of phased array antenna element failure | |
| CN103439686B (en) | Single channel radio direction-finding system | |
| RU2677930C1 (en) | Device and method for testing a two-frequency nonlinear vector of network parameters | |
| CN103259604B (en) | A kind of multi-functional measuring multiple parameters Digital IF Processing multiplex system | |
| CN103019117B (en) | Digitalizer based on PXI e interface | |
| CN110031811B (en) | Multichannel broadband signal coherent characteristic rapid calibration system | |
| CN110554259A (en) | Integrated vector network analyzer suitable for modulation domain and measurement method | |
| CN103116170A (en) | Indoor testing system of antenna array based interference rejection module of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) | |
| CN104122442A (en) | Millimeter wave free oscillation source automatic test system and method | |
| Grajal et al. | Analysis and characterization of a monobit receiver for electronic warfare | |
| Chen et al. | Joint carrier frequency and DOA estimation using a modified ULA based MWC discrete compressed sampling receiver | |
| CN103809024A (en) | FPGA-based real-time spectral analysis system | |
| CN115473538B (en) | Method and device for realizing real-time cross-correlation of high-speed multi-frequency dual-channel data | |
| US8995513B1 (en) | System and method for triggering a device under test via RF leakage | |
| CN115361741B (en) | High-precision channel signal delay automatic calibration device and method | |
| Zongbo et al. | Design and application of DRFM system based on digital channelized receiver | |
| US20200025810A1 (en) | Low-observability matrix completion | |
| CN109379148A (en) | Detection method of weak fault signal, device, computer equipment and storage medium | |
| CN210405302U (en) | Real-time frequency hopping communication interference suppression circuit structure | |
| Tomasin et al. | A Time-Variant Analysis of Passive Resistive Mixers Using Thévenin Theorem | |
| CN111404591B (en) | Satellite load ground test equipment and method | |
| Liu et al. | Parallel wideband digital up‐conversion architecture with efficiency | |
| Song et al. | Towards a real-time UWB MIMO testbed for sensing and communications | |
| Ivannikova et al. | Test equipment for testing digital devices that perform processing on FPGAs | |
| Macasero et al. | Performance Comparison of Beat Frequency Extraction Algorithm and Cross Correlation Algorithm for FMCW Radar Signal Processing Implemented on LabVIEW and USRP |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |