CN113092880B - Multichannel array receiver amplitude-phase inconsistency detection method based on phase rotation - Google Patents

Multichannel array receiver amplitude-phase inconsistency detection method based on phase rotation Download PDF

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CN113092880B
CN113092880B CN202110241552.1A CN202110241552A CN113092880B CN 113092880 B CN113092880 B CN 113092880B CN 202110241552 A CN202110241552 A CN 202110241552A CN 113092880 B CN113092880 B CN 113092880B
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胡岸勇
苗俊刚
赵岩
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Beihang University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for detecting amplitude-phase inconsistency of a multichannel array receiver based on phase rotation, which comprises the steps of placing a test radiation point source at a certain position in front of the multichannel array receiver, changing the phases of two receiving channels at 0-360 degrees according to a certain rule, obtaining a two-dimensional curved surface with the synthetic power changing along with the phases of the two receiving channels, integrating the changed phases by the two-dimensional curved surface respectively to obtain two sinusoidal curves, and obtaining the relative amplitude and the phase of the two channels by using the ratio of the amplitudes of the two sinusoidal curves and the phase difference corresponding to the maximum value. By performing the above operations on any two channels in the system, the relative amplitude and phase of any two channels in the system can be obtained. Then, the relative amplitude and phase of other channels relative to the reference channel when a certain channel in the system is taken as the reference channel are obtained. When the method is used for detecting the inconsistency of the amplitude and the phase of the multichannel array receiver, only power measurement is needed, and the method has the characteristics of simple required hardware and quick and accurate measurement.

Description

Multichannel array receiver amplitude-phase inconsistency detection method based on phase rotation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of system measurement and calibration, in particular to a method for detecting amplitude-phase inconsistency of a multi-channel array receiver based on phase rotation.
Background
The multichannel array receiver is an array receiver which can be used for both radar and radiometer, and its working principle is to apply proper phase shift and amplitude weighting to array element signals arranged according to a certain rule so as to obtain deflection and shaping of array beam. Therefore, the system based on the multi-channel array receiver can realize the rapid electric scanning of the wave beam in the observed space range without mechanical rotation, has the advantage of high detection speed, and is widely applied to the fields of microwave remote sensing, human body security inspection and the like.
An actual multichannel array receiver system usually comprises hundreds of receiving channels, and due to the difference of the characteristics of components used by each channel and the inconsistency of assembly and processing, certain deviation exists between the amplitude and the phase of each channel, so that the beam forming and the beam scanning precision of the multichannel array receiver system are seriously influenced. Therefore, how to accurately detect the amplitude-phase difference between the channels of the multi-channel array receiver is a precondition for subsequent calibration, and is therefore of great importance.
The amplitude and phase detection method of the multi-channel array receiver is divided into direct detection and indirect detection. The principle of the direct detection method is as follows: the system comprises a calibration signal and a distribution network of the calibration signal, the calibration signal is input to each receiving channel through the distribution network, the system measures and compares the calibration signal received by each channel to obtain the relative amplitude and phase between the receiving channels. The direct measurement method is simple and intuitive, but needs to add a calibration signal and a distribution network thereof in the system, and is relatively complex to realize for a large-scale system and higher in cost.
In addition to direct detection methods, some indirect rapid test methods have also been reported in recent years:
1) the Mutual Coupling Calibration method is firstly proposed in the article "Phased Array Antenna Calibration and Pattern Prediction Using multiple Coupling Measurements" by h.m. auman in 1989, and the idea of the method is to use the Mutual Coupling effect between the units of the method, one unit is transmitted and the adjacent unit is received during measurement, and the compensation amount is determined according to the relative amplitude and phase of the signal.
2) The phase-change measuring method is characterized In that a phase-change measuring method (A build-In Performance-Monitoring/Fault Isolation and Correction (PM/FIC) System for Active phase-Array Antennas) is proposed by Russian scientific research institutions In the middle of the 80 th century of the 20 th century, the amplitude and the phase of a received signal under different phase matching states are measured once, and the amplitude phase of excitation of each channel under any phase matching state is determined by processing data through solving a matrix equation, so that all directional diagrams are restored. This method has the disadvantage of requiring phase measurements, which increases the complexity of the test.
3) A four-phase amplitude calibration method, which is proposed by beijing university of science and technology in 2016 (phased array antenna rapid calibration method), is a rapid calibration method applicable to phased array antennas, and the method sequentially changes the phase of each unit for 4 times, measures an array with the number of the units being N for 4(N-1) times to obtain the sum of the amplitudes of signals under each condition, and completes the calibration of all channels through mathematical calculation. The method is high in speed, but is mostly used for a digital phase shifter, the calculation process is relatively complex, and the multivalue problem of a solution needs to be considered when the phase is finally solved.
4) An iterative rotation vector method, which is proposed by Beijing aerospace university in 2018 as a magnitude and phase calibration method (a method and a device suitable for calibrating magnitude and phase of array radiometer channels) of the iterative rotation vector method, is applied to a 256-channel millimeter wave phased array radiometer system. The calibration method avoids the multivalue problem of phase solution by a conventional rotation vector method, and the test equipment is simple and easy to implement. The disadvantage is that multiple rounds of phase rotation of the phases of all the channels in the array are required to achieve phase calibration, and as the number of channels increases, the number of iterations required to achieve the same calibration accuracy increases.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems: the method overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a method for detecting the amplitude-phase inconsistency of a multi-channel array receiver based on phase rotation. The method changes the phases of two receiving channels within the range of 0-360 degrees according to a certain rule, and solves the relative amplitude and phase between the two channels by measuring the power of an array combined output signal. After the relative amplitude and the relative phase of any two channels in the system are solved, when any channel of the system is taken as a reference channel, the relative amplitude and the relative phase of other channels relative to the reference channel can be obtained from the relative amplitude and the relative phase between all the two channels. When the method is used for detecting the amplitude-phase inconsistency of the multi-channel array receiver, only power measurement is needed, and the method has the characteristics of simple and convenient required hardware, strong practicability and quick and accurate measurement.
The invention discloses a method for detecting amplitude-phase inconsistency of a multi-channel array receiver based on phase rotation, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1, appointing two tested channels in a multi-channel array receiver system as a channel m and a channel n, installing a test radiation point source at a certain known position in front of the two tested channels, and measuring the space positions of the test radiation point source and the two tested channels by using a three-coordinate measuring machine;
step 2, the test radiation point source signal received by the channel m is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002962394830000021
in the formula, GmFor gain of the receiving channel, FmFor testing amplitude attenuation of point source radiation signal from transmitting antenna output to channel m receiving antenna input, including testing radiation point source directional diagram, receiving channel directional diagram and space loss, phimIs the inherent initial phase, Φ, of channel mmFor testing the additional phase of the transmission of the point source radiation signal from the phase center of the radiation antenna to the phase center of the m receiving antenna channels, f is the central frequency of the multi-channel array receiver system, where phimThe distance between a test radiation point source and a channel m measured by a three-coordinate measuring instrument and the working center frequency F of the multi-channel array receiver system are obtained by theoretical calculation, FmObtaining the relative positions of the test radiation point source directional diagram, the receiving antenna directional diagram of the channel m and the receiving antenna of the test radiation point source and the channel m through theoretical calculation;
in the step 3, the step of,phase shifting additive phase theta for channel m and channel nmAnd thetanRespectively continuously changing from 0-360 degrees according to a certain set rule (1-degree interval is selected in the invention), adding a phase-shifting additional phase, and then expressing signals received by a channel m and a channel n as follows:
Figure BDA0002962394830000031
Figure BDA0002962394830000032
and 4, measuring the power P of the output signal of the array when the phases of the channel m and the channel n are changed, and expressing as follows:
Figure BDA0002962394830000033
wherein A represents the amplitude of the received signals of the channels except the channel m and the channel n in the array, and delta represents the phase of the received signals;
step 5, respectively aiming at theta when the power P in the step 4 is within 0-360 DEGmAnd thetanIntegration is performed to obtain:
Figure BDA0002962394830000034
step 6, respectively calculating
Figure BDA0002962394830000035
Amplitude of (2)
Figure BDA0002962394830000036
And
Figure BDA0002962394830000037
amplitude of (2)
Figure BDA0002962394830000038
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002962394830000039
Figure BDA00029623948300000310
thus, the amplitude value of channel n relative to channel m is obtained:
Figure BDA00029623948300000311
step 7, respectively obtaining
Figure BDA00029623948300000312
Phase shifter additional phase theta corresponding to the maximum value ofn_comAnd
Figure BDA00029623948300000313
phase shifter additional phase theta corresponding to maximum valuem_comComprises the following steps:
θn_com＝-(φn+Φn-Δ)
θm_com＝-(φm+Φm-Δ)
subtracting the two equations to obtain the inherent initial phase of the channel n relative to the channel m as follows:
φ′m，n＝φn-φm＝θm_con+Φm-θn_com-Φn
step 8, repeating the steps 1 to 7 for any other two channels in the multi-channel array receiver system to complete the detection of the relative amplitude and phase of any two channels;
step 9, after solving the relative amplitudes and relative phases of any two channels in the completed multichannel array receiver system according to step 8, obtaining that when a channel k of the multichannel array receiver system is taken as a reference channel, the relative amplitudes of all the channels relative to the reference channel k are E'k,1,E′k,2…E′k,k-1,1,E′k,k+1,E′k,NWherein N is the number of channels of the system, and the relative phase is (phi'k,1,φ′k,2…φ′k,k-1,0,φ′k,k+1,φ′k,N)。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) simple and easy to realize engineering. The method does not need to measure the phase, only needs one test radiation point source except the multi-channel array receiver to be measured, and does not need to use an external measuring instrument;
(2) the amplitude and phase detection precision is high, the detection precision is not reduced along with the increase of the number of array channels, and multiple iterations are not needed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a four-channel array receiver and a test radiation point source, where 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively represent a channel 1, a channel 2, a channel 3, and a channel 4, and 5 in the four-channel array receiver;
fig. 2 is a square-mouth rectangular horn receiving antenna directional diagram of a receiving channel, wherein an E-plane directional diagram is shown as a, and an H-plane directional diagram is shown as b;
FIG. 3 shows the combined power P (θ) when the phase of channel 1 and channel 2 of the four-channel array receiver is changed by 0-360 degrees1,θ2) With phase theta1And theta2A variable two-dimensional curved surface;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the power data synthesized by integrating channel 1 and channel 2 by 0-360 degrees
Figure BDA0002962394830000041
And
Figure BDA0002962394830000042
a sinusoidal profile as a function of phase,
Figure BDA0002962394830000043
and
Figure BDA0002962394830000044
are respectively as
Figure BDA0002962394830000045
And
Figure BDA0002962394830000046
the amplitudes, θ, of the two sinusoids1_comAnd theta2_comAre respectively as
Figure BDA0002962394830000047
And
Figure BDA0002962394830000048
the maximum of the two sinusoids corresponds to the phase of the phase shifter.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention is described by taking amplitude-phase inconsistency detection of a Ka-band four-channel array receiver as an example.
A space rectangular coordinate system is established by taking the array geometric center of the four-channel array receiver as the origin of coordinates, and the spatial position coordinates of the antenna phase centers of the channel 1, the channel 2, the channel 3 and the channel 4 are shown in the table 1. The operating frequency of the four-channel array receiver system is 34.0GHz, the receiving antenna of the receiving channel is a square rectangular horn antenna, the size of a horn mouth surface is 23mm multiplied by 23mm, an E surface directional pattern of the system is shown as a in figure 2, and an H surface directional pattern of the system is shown as b in figure 2.
TABLE 1 spatial location coordinates of each channel
Channel numbering X coordinate (m) Y coordinate (m) Z coordinate (m)
1 -0.1190 0.1000 0.0000
2 0.1190 0.1000 0.0000
3 -0.1190 -0.1000 0.0000
4 0.1190 -0.1000 0.0000
The specific implementation steps for detecting the inconsistency of the received amplitudes of the four-channel array are as follows:
step 1, two tested channels in a four-channel array receiver are designated as a channel 1 and a channel 2, a test radiation point source 5 is installed in front of the two tested channels, the spatial position coordinates of the antenna phase center are (0, 0, 1), the unit is meter, and the test radiation point source directional diagram is the same as the receiving antenna directional diagram of the receiving channel.
Step 2, opening a test radiation point source 5, and then electrifying the four-channel array receiver, wherein the initial signal vector electric field of each channel is
Figure BDA0002962394830000051
N is 1, 2, 3, 4. According to test radiationThe relative space position between the point source and the receiving channel and the working frequency of the system calculate the space transmission additional phase phi from the point source to each receiving channel1，Φ2，Φ3，Φ4249.94 °, 249.94 °, 249.94 ° and 249.94 °, respectively. Calculating amplitude attenuation F by testing radiation point source, receiving channel antenna directional diagram and space loss1，F2，F3，F40.8647, 0.8647, 0.8647, 0.8647, respectively.
And 3, controlling the additional phase of the phase shifters of the channel 1 and the channel 2 in the four-channel array receiver system to change from 0-360 degrees by taking 1 degree as a step, and acquiring the output power after combination in real time through a power detection unit of the multi-channel array receiver as follows:
Figure BDA0002962394830000052
where a denotes the amplitude of the received signal of the remaining channels of the array, except for the 1 st and 2 nd channels, and Δ denotes its phase.
Step 4, the combined power data are respectively aligned to theta within 0-360 DEG1And theta2Integration is performed to obtain:
Figure BDA0002962394830000053
step 5, respectively calculating
Figure BDA0002962394830000061
Difference between maximum value and minimum value of
Figure BDA0002962394830000062
And
Figure BDA0002962394830000063
difference between maximum and minimum
Figure BDA0002962394830000064
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002962394830000065
Figure BDA0002962394830000066
thus, a normalized amplitude value for 2 channels relative to 1 channel is obtained:
Figure BDA0002962394830000067
step 6, directly obtaining from FIG. 4
Figure BDA0002962394830000068
Phase shifter phase theta corresponding to the maximum value of2_comAnd
Figure BDA0002962394830000069
phase theta of phase shifter corresponding to maximum value1_comComprises the following steps:
θ2_com＝-(φ2+Φ2-Δ)
θ1_com＝-(φ1+Φ1-Δ)
then phi is obtained by theoretical calculation2And phi1Subtracting the two equations to obtain the inherent initial phase of the 2 channel relative to the channel 1 as follows:
φ′1，2＝φ2-φ1＝θ1_com+Φ1-θ2_com-Φ2
and 7, keeping the other channels unchanged, and sequentially testing the combination of the other two channels according to the steps 1 to 6.
Any two-channel relative phase phi 'of the four-channel array receiver obtained by testing by using the method'testAnd relative amplitude E'testAnd any two-channel true relative phase phi 'of the four-channel array receiver'idealAnd relative amplitude E'idealThe ratio of the two is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison of real values of combined relative phase and relative amplitude of all two channels with test values
Figure BDA00029623948300000610
As can be seen from Table 2, the error between the relative phase measurement value obtained by the method and the relative phase true value does not exceed +/-1 degree, and the error between the relative amplitude measurement value and the relative amplitude true value does not exceed 1 percent, so that the high-precision requirement of the amplitude-phase inconsistency detection of the multi-channel array receiver is met. It should be noted that: in the embodiment of the present invention, for simplicity, when the difference between the phases corresponding to the maximum values in fig. 4 is solved, a simple method of searching the phase corresponding to the maximum value on the sinusoidal curve by using the phase shift step of the phase shifter as a step of 1 ° is adopted. Higher phase solving accuracy can be obtained subsequently by fitting the measured data with a sinusoid or other more advanced data processing methods.
Step 8, after the relative amplitudes and relative phases of any two channels of the four-channel array receiver are solved according to the step 7, when a channel of the designated system is obtained as a reference channel, taking the channel 3 as an example, the relative phases and relative amplitudes obtained by testing all the channels relative to the channel are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 relative phase and amplitude of all channels with respect to reference channel 3
Figure BDA0002962394830000071
In short, the invention changes the phase of two receiving channels within the range of 0-360 degrees according to a certain rule, the other channels are kept unchanged, the two-dimensional curved surface of the multi-channel array receiver receiving signal total output power changing along with the phase of the receiving channels respectively carries out 0-360 degree integration on the phase changing of the two channels to obtain two sinusoidal curves, the relative amplitude of the two channels is obtained by utilizing the ratio of the amplitudes of the two sinusoidal curves, and the relative phase of the two channels is obtained by utilizing the difference of the phases corresponding to the maximum values of the two sinusoidal curves. The same operation is performed on any two channels in the multichannel array receiver system, and the relative amplitude and the relative phase of any two channels in the system can be obtained. When a certain channel in the system is taken as a reference channel, the relative amplitude and relative phase of other channels relative to the reference channel can be obtained from the relative amplitude and relative phase between the two channels. When the method is used for detecting the inconsistency of the amplitude and the phase of the multi-channel array receiver, only power measurement is needed, and the method has the characteristics of simple and convenient required hardware, strong practicability, and quick and accurate measurement.
It should be understood that the above embodiments are only for describing the idea of the present invention in more detail, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any additions, modifications, equivalents, and the like that fall within the spirit of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A method for detecting amplitude-phase inconsistency of a multichannel array receiver based on phase rotation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, appointing two tested channels in a multi-channel array receiver system as a channel m and a channel n, installing a test radiation point source at a certain known position in front of the two tested channels, and measuring the space positions of the test radiation point source and the two tested channels by using a three-coordinate measuring machine;
step 2, the test radiation point source signal received by the channel m is expressed as:
Figure FDA0003398286090000011
in the formula, GmFor gain of the receiving channel, FmFor testing amplitude attenuation of point source radiation signal from transmitting antenna output to channel m receiving antenna input, including testing radiation point source directional diagram, receiving channel directional diagram and space loss, phimBeing a channel mInherent initial phase, phimFor testing the additional phase of the transmission of the point source radiation signal from the phase center of the radiating antenna to the phase center of the receiving antenna of channel m, f is the center frequency of the system operation, where phimThe distance between a test radiation point source and a channel m measured by a three-coordinate measuring instrument and the working center frequency F of the multi-channel array receiver system are obtained by theoretical calculation, FmObtaining the relative positions of the test radiation point source directional diagram, the receiving antenna directional diagram of the channel m and the receiving antenna of the test radiation point source and the channel m through theoretical calculation;
step 3, adding phase theta to phase shift of the channel m and the channel nmAnd thetanRespectively continuously changing from 0-360 degrees according to a certain set rule, adding a phase-shifting additional phase, and expressing signals received by the channel m and the channel n as follows:
Figure FDA0003398286090000012
Figure FDA0003398286090000013
and 4, measuring the power P of the output signal of the array when the phases of the channel m and the channel n are changed, and expressing as follows:
Figure FDA0003398286090000014
wherein A represents the amplitude of the received signals of the other channels except the channel m and the channel n in the array, and Delta represents the phase of the received signals of the other channels;
step 5, respectively aiming at theta when the power P in the step 4 is within 0-360 DEGmAnd thetanIntegration is performed to obtain:
Figure FDA0003398286090000015
Figure FDA0003398286090000021
step 6, respectively calculating
Figure FDA0003398286090000022
Amplitude of (2)
Figure FDA0003398286090000023
And
Figure FDA0003398286090000024
amplitude of (2)
Figure FDA0003398286090000025
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003398286090000026
Figure FDA0003398286090000027
thus, the amplitude value of channel n relative to channel m is obtained:
Figure FDA0003398286090000028
step 7, respectively obtaining
Figure FDA0003398286090000029
Phase shifter additional phase theta corresponding to the maximum value ofn_comAnd
Figure FDA00033982860900000210
phase shifter additional phase theta corresponding to maximum valuem_comComprises the following steps:
θn_com＝-(φn+Φn-Δ)
θm_com＝-(φm+Φm-Δ)
subtracting the two equations to obtain the inherent initial phase of the channel n relative to the channel m as follows:
φ′m,n＝φn-φm＝θm_com+Φm-θn_com-Φn
step 8, repeating the steps 1 to 7 for any other two channels in the multi-channel array receiver system to complete the detection of the relative amplitude and phase of any two channels;
step 9, after solving the relative amplitudes and relative phases of any two channels in the completed multichannel array receiver system according to step 8, obtaining that when a channel k of the multichannel array receiver system is taken as a reference channel, the relative amplitudes of all the channels relative to the reference channel k are E'k,1,E′k,2…E′k,k-1,1,E′k,k+1,E′k,NThe relative phase is (phi'k,1,φ′k,2…φ′k,k-1,0,φ′k,k+1,φ′k,N)。
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