CN106199220B - Array antenna phase equalization measurement method based on optical path difference correction - Google Patents
Array antenna phase equalization measurement method based on optical path difference correction Download PDFInfo
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- CN106199220B CN106199220B CN201610553141.5A CN201610553141A CN106199220B CN 106199220 B CN106199220 B CN 106199220B CN 201610553141 A CN201610553141 A CN 201610553141A CN 106199220 B CN106199220 B CN 106199220B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R25/00—Arrangements for measuring phase angle between a voltage and a current or between voltages or currents
Abstract
Based on the array antenna phase equalization measurement method of optical path difference correction, it is related to antenna measurement.The following steps are included: 1) build Antenna testing system, array antenna to be measured need to be in same level with transmitting antenna；2) each antenna element is tested, the original phase pattern test data of each unit is obtained；3) optical path difference correction, the phase pattern corrected for the first time are carried out using the optical path difference updating formula phase pattern test data original to each unit；4) parameter d when obtaining the root-mean-square error minimum of array antenna phase global consistency using optical path difference correcting algorithm0, Δ and θ0Value；5) the phase root-mean-square error of phase pattern and each unit after calculating each unit corrected parameter.The phase pattern that multiple element antennas are directly measured in the case where moving array position for each element antenna is not needed.There is good inhibiting effect to measurement error.With good correction performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to antenna measurements, are specifically related to a kind of array antenna phase equalization survey based on optical path difference correction
Amount method.
Background technique
The consistency of element antenna phase is to measure the key technical indexes [1] of the array antennas such as direction finding interferometer.Interference
The principle of instrument direction finding is the phase difference value that is received using antenna element to calculate arrival bearing [2], so element antenna phase
Consistency have vital effect to the direction finding precision of direction finding interferometer.In order to ensure each unit day in different directions
The phase equalization of line, it usually needs the phase pattern of element antenna is measured.
The measurement of antenna phase pattern and the phase center of antenna are closely bound up [3], currently used for detecting antenna phase
The method at center is fewer, only for the analytic approach [4] of simple antenna, method [5] based on flat scanning etc..Traditional phase
The measurement method of position directional diagram needs for antenna phase center to be accurately placed in the center [6] of measuring circurmarotate, to array antenna
Speech, this method is required to move the position of array when measuring each unit, so that the phase center of to-be-measured cell to the greatest extent may be used
It can be located on turntable center, this operation is not only very complicated, and for the unit far from array center, array center of gravity is remote
It will cause the difficulty of antenna installation from turntable and not the polarization mismatch that horizontal plane occurs the problems such as, and actually unit day
The phase center of line be not usually it is accurate known, uncertain meeting of the phase center of element antenna is so that the phase measured
Directional diagram contains biggish error.
There is following invention about the phase equalization bearing calibration of array antenna in recent years:
Chinese patent 01112987.5 discloses a kind of intelligent antenna channel array correcting method and device [8], passes through ratio
The amplitude and phase characteristic forward and backward by each channel to be corrected compared with signal known to a parameter, calculates channel to be corrected
Amplitude and phase characteristic, treat correction channel on this basis and carry out amplitude and phase compensation so that is after correction each logical
The amplitude and phase characteristic in road is consistent.
Chinese patent 201210415102.0 discloses width phase one between a kind of external illuminators-based radar array antenna echo channel
The bearing calibration [9] of cause property is directly corrected echo reception array antenna using emitter Signals, by echo antenna alignment
Radiation source is arranged Basic wave channel, remaining each echo channel signal is mixed with Basic wave channel signal, calculates it
Correction coefficient of the remaining echo channel relative to Basic wave channel, finally by each echo channel signal multiplied by being closed after correction coefficient
At echo-signal.
The above method needs special corrective network in operation, complicated for operation, and due to function subnetting in corrective network
The error of the equipment such as network can introduce new phase equalization error.
Bibliography:
[1] Stephen E.Linpsky writes, and Gong Jin last carving, Zhang Dewen, Li Zhen are elementary to be translated, microwave passive direction finding [M], and 1993.
[2] Xiao Xiuli interferometer direction finding principle [J] China radio .2006 (05)
[3]Schmid R,Rothacher M,Thaller D,et al.Absolute phase center
corrections of satellite and receiver antennas[J].GPS solutions,2005,9(4):
283-293.
[4]Wang Y G,Wang J,Zhao Z Q,et al.A novel method to calculate the
phase center of antennas[J].Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and
Applications,2008,22(2-3):239-250.
[5]Padilla P,Pousi P,Tamminen A,et al.Experimental determination of
DRW antenna phase center at mm-wavelengths using a planar scanner:Comparison
of different methods[J].Antennas and Propagation,IEEE Transactions on,2011,59
(8):2806-2812.
[6] Dong Shu justice microwave measurement [M] National Defense Industry Press, 1985.
[7]Beeckman P A.Analysis of phase errors in antenna-measurements
applications to phase-pattern corrections and phase-centre determination[C]//
IEE Proceedings H.Microwaves,Antennas and Propagation.1985,132:391-4.
[8] such as Guo Junfeng intelligent antenna channel array correcting method and device: China, 01112987.5 [P] .2003-
01-01.
[9] between a kind of external illuminators-based radar array antenna echo channel of such as single great waves amplitude-phase consistency bearing calibration: in
State, 201210415102.0 [P] .2013-01-23.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim to address when measuring unit antenna radiation pattern consistency because antenna pattern bring test it is difficult,
Offer does not need to move array position for each element antenna, and the one kind that can directly measure multiple element antennas is based on optical path difference
The array antenna phase equalization measurement method of correction.
The present invention the following steps are included:
1) Antenna testing system is built, array antenna to be measured need to be in same level with transmitting antenna；
2) each antenna element is tested, the original phase pattern test data of each unit is obtained；
3) optical path difference correction is carried out using the optical path difference updating formula phase pattern test data original to each unit, obtained
To the phase pattern corrected for the first time；
4) parameter when obtaining the root-mean-square error minimum of array antenna phase global consistency using optical path difference correcting algorithm
d0, Δ and θ0Value；
5) the phase root-mean-square error of phase pattern and each unit after calculating each unit corrected parameter.
In step 3), the optical path difference updating formula are as follows:
Wherein:For test antenna to i-th of unit actual range,For i-th of unit auxiliary line subpoint to test antenna distance；
φi(θ): the phase response test data of i-th of unit；
Phase response after i-th of unit optical path difference correction；
θ: the rotation angle of array antenna；
λ: the electric wave wavelength used is tested；
L0: the distance of transmitting antenna and turntable center；
di: the position (sequence from left to right) of i-th of unit (phase center)；
d0: the position that the vertical line of turntable center to array intersects with array；
Δ: distance of the turntable center to the made vertical line of array.
In step 4), the root-mean-square error of the array antenna phase global consistency are as follows:
Wherein,Average phase response after indicating each unit phasing, N indicate Pattern measurement
The length of data, M indicate unit number, | | | |2Indicate 2 norms, i=1,2 ..., M.
In step 4), the root-mean-square error minimum criteria of the array antenna phase global consistency are as follows:
Wherein, θ=θ0+θr, θ0For the initial value of θ, θrFor the turntable rotation angle of record.
In step 5), the phase root-mean-square error of each unit is calculated by following formula:
The present invention proposes that one kind can directly be surveyed in the case where not using special corrective network, not moving array antenna
The phase pattern of multiple element antennas is measured, and can correct to reduce by optical path difference and occur in the measurement of array antenna phase equalization
Error method.
The invention proposes one kind, and in the case where not needing to move array position for each element antenna, directly measurement is more
The method of the phase pattern of a element antenna.Optical path difference school the invention proposes antenna phase center not in turntable center
Positive formula gives the minimum mean square error criterion of array antenna phase equalization, has developed a kind of new optical path difference correction calculation
The spatial structural form of array element distribution is utilized in method, this algorithm, and the phase response for being able to use all array elements is surveyed
Data are measured, there is good inhibiting effect to measurement error.The present invention, which mentions, to be proved to the processing result of linear array measured data
Optical path difference correcting algorithm out has good correction performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is antenna measurement status diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the original phase pattern of certain non-uniform spacing array of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the phase pattern that certain non-uniform spacing array uses after optical path difference correction in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the original phase pattern of certain uniform intervals array of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the phase pattern that certain uniform intervals array uses after optical path difference correction in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The embodiment of the present invention includes following steps:
1) Antenna testing system is built according to Fig. 1, array antenna to be measured need to be in same level with transmitting antenna；
2) each antenna element is tested, the original phase pattern test data of each unit is obtained；
3) optical path difference correction is carried out using the optical path difference updating formula phase pattern test data original to each unit, obtained
To the phase pattern corrected for the first time；
The optical path difference updating formula of i-th of unit are as follows:
Wherein,For test antenna to i-th of unit actual range,For i-th of unit auxiliary line subpoint to test antenna distance；
φi(θ): the phase response test data of i-th of unit；
Phase response after i-th of unit optical path difference correction；
θ: the rotation angle of array antenna；
λ: the electric wave wavelength used is tested；
L0: the distance of transmitting antenna and turntable center；
di: the position (sequence from left to right) of i-th of unit (phase center)；
d0: the position that the vertical line of turntable center to array intersects with array；
Δ: distance of the turntable center to the made vertical line of array；
4) parameter d when the root-mean-square error minimum of phase global consistency is obtained using optical path difference correcting algorithm0, Δ and θ0
Value；The root-mean-square error of array antenna phase global consistency is calculated by formula (2):
Wherein,Average phase response after indicating each unit phasing, | | | |2Indicate 2 models
Number, N indicate the length of Pattern measurement data, and M indicates unit number, i=1,2 ..., M；
Optical path difference timing is being carried out, the parameter of precise measurement is needed to have d0, Δ and the angle θ initial value θ0.Wherein θ=θ0+
θr, θrFor the turntable rotation angle of record.In actual measurement test, it is difficult to obtain the precise measurements of these parameters.The present invention
The first measured value of above-mentioned parameter is adjusted, with the minimum criterion estimation of the root-mean-square error of array antenna phase global consistency
Parameter d0, Δ and θ optimum value, i.e.,
Step 5: phase pattern and phase root-mean-square error after calculating each unit corrected parameter.
Phase pattern after being calculated each unit parameters revision using optical path difference updating formula (1), the as present invention are passed through
The final resulting unit phase pattern of optical path difference correcting algorithm.
The phase root-mean-square error of i-th of unit is calculated by following formula
Specific embodiment is given below:
Step 1: building Antenna testing system, antenna measurement status diagram of the invention is as shown in Figure 1, wherein battle array to be measured
Array antenna and transmitting antenna are in same level.For array to be measured there are four identical antenna element, interval is respectively 0.426m,
0.142m, 0.217m, the distance of transmitting antenna to test table center are 9m, frequency test signal 1.6GHz.
Step 2: testing each antenna element, obtain the original phase Pattern measurement data of each unit.
The phase pattern test data of four antenna elements is as shown in Figure 2.The phase pattern test data of each unit
Show inconsistent result.
Step 3: carrying out optical path difference school using the optical path difference updating formula phase pattern test data original to each unit
Just, the phase pattern corrected for the first time；
Step 4: parameter d when the root-mean-square error minimum of phase global consistency is obtained using optical path difference correcting algorithm0、Δ
And θ0Value；
Step 5: phase pattern and phase root-mean-square error after calculating each unit corrected parameter.
Phase pattern with optical path difference correcting algorithm to four units treated phase pattern is as shown in figure 3, each
Root mean square statistic bias result of the phase directional diagram data within the scope of ± 49 ° after unit correction is provided by table 1.
Table 1
| Antenna | Antenna 1 | Antenna 2 | Antenna 3 | Antenna 4 |
| Nonuniform Linear Array | 5.9° | 15.6° | 8.6° | 18.7° |
| Even linear array | 5.8° | 5.9° | 4.7° | 2.4° |
Handle certain uniform intervals linear array in the same way, which is divided into there are four identical antenna element
0.07m, the distance of transmitting antenna to test table center are 8.8m, frequency test signal 1.6GHz.The original phase of test gained
Position response directional diagram as shown in figure 4, its optical path difference correction after phase pattern as shown in figure 5, each unit correction after phase
Root mean square statistic bias result of the pattern data within the scope of ± 49 ° is provided by table 1.
Further in the present invention each unit correction after phase pattern and original phase pattern test data into
Row compares, it is seen that each unit phase pattern after correction has good consistency, the phase root mean square after each unit correction
Error also demonstrate method proposed by the invention can in effectively smaller each unit test process random noise influence.
Claims (4)
1. the array antenna phase equalization measurement method based on optical path difference correction, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
1) Antenna testing system is built, array antenna to be measured need to be in same level with transmitting antenna；
2) each antenna element is tested, the original phase pattern test data of each unit is obtained；
3) optical path difference correction is carried out using the optical path difference updating formula phase pattern test data original to each unit, obtained just
The phase pattern of secondary correction；
The optical path difference updating formula are as follows:
Wherein:For test antenna to i-th of unit actual range,For i-th of unit auxiliary line subpoint to test antenna distance；
φi(θ): the phase response test data of i-th of unit；
φi c(θ): the phase response after i-th of unit optical path difference correction；
θ: the rotation angle of array antenna；
λ: the electric wave wavelength used is tested；
L0: the distance of transmitting antenna and turntable center；
di: the position of i-th of unit；
d0: the position that the vertical line of turntable center to array intersects with array；
Δ: distance of the turntable center to the made vertical line of array；
4) parameter d when obtaining the root-mean-square error minimum of array antenna phase global consistency using optical path difference correcting algorithm0、Δ
And θ0Value；
5) the phase root-mean-square error of phase pattern and each unit after calculating each unit corrected parameter.
2. the array antenna phase equalization measurement method as described in claim 1 based on optical path difference correction, it is characterised in that
In step 4), the root-mean-square error of the array antenna phase global consistency are as follows:
Wherein,Average phase response after indicating each unit phasing, N indicate Pattern measurement data
Length, M indicate unit number, | | | |2Indicate 2 norms, i=1,2 ..., M.
3. the array antenna phase equalization measurement method as described in claim 1 based on optical path difference correction, it is characterised in that
In step 4), the root-mean-square error minimum criteria of the array antenna phase global consistency are as follows:
Wherein, θ=θ0+θr, θ0For the initial value of θ, θrFor the turntable rotation angle of record.
4. the array antenna phase equalization measurement method as described in claim 1 based on optical path difference correction, it is characterised in that
In step 5), the phase root-mean-square error of each unit is calculated by following formula:
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| CN106650097B (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2020-04-03 | 厦门大学 | Array antenna shaped beam synthesis method with controllable excitation amplitude dynamic range |
| CN110459877B (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2021-11-19 | 西安光启尖端技术研究院 | Phase compensation method and device for measuring array antenna |
| CN110456167B (en) | 2018-05-08 | 2022-02-01 | 西安光启尖端技术研究院 | Beam forming method and device for measuring array antenna |
| CN110554366A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-12-10 | 北京电子工程总体研究所 | Method and device for automatically calibrating amplitude-phase consistency of seeker |
| CN113671271B (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2023-11-10 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Antenna test data acquisition method for three-dimensional space automatic track control |
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